(共32张PPT)
第二部分 语法攻略
攻略二 词法
第6讲 介词、冠词、数词
考点一 介词(词组)辨析
1.(2023·江西完形填空A节选)This is because it needs its mother's
milk for about four years. ___ this milk, the baby has little chance to
live.
D
A.By B.For C.As D.Without
2.(2022·江西完形填空A节选)If she sat ___, she felt lonely.
C
A.on time B.in a hurry C.by herself D.in public
3.(2021·江西完形填空B节选)
star still good rest up how pollution stop small see towards
For example, many streetlights now have covers. The covers focus
the light ________ the ground.
towards
4.(2020·江西完形填空A节选)So one day, he gave up his job and
moved to a ranch (牧场) in Texas, making much less money ___ a
cowboy.
B
A.for B.as C.with D.like
考点二 冠词
(2020·江西听力测试)
听力原文:
Hello, I am Mark. Let me tell you something about the three different
countries I have lived in.
I grew up in a small town in the north of England…
听力题目:
Mark grew up in _____________ in the north of England.
a small town
考点三 数词
1.(2023·江西听力测试)
听力原文:
W: Jack, you speak English so well. What's your secret
M: Well, I go to the English corner once a week.
听力题目:
How often does Jack go to the English corner ( )
A
A.Once a week. B.Twice a week. C.Once a month.
2.(2023·江西听力测试)
听力原文:
W: Excuse me. Is the city library near here
M: Yes, it's on Park Street.
W: How can I get there
M: Go along Hill Street and turn right at the end.
W: How far is it
M: 15 minutes on foot.
W: OK. Thanks.
听力题目:
How long does it take to walk there ( )
B
A.10 minutes. B.15 minutes. C.20 minutes.
3.(2023·江西听力测试)
听力原文:
Good morning, everyone! Here is a notice for you. There will be
a School Summer Fair on Friday, July 7th. It's between 9:00 a.m. and
6:00 p.m. It will be held in the school hall. Hot chocolate, tea and
cakes are served the whole day. More excitedly, the school band, The
Block Heads, will play at three o'clock in the afternoon. To make it
more interesting, we need 12 volunteers to help organize some games.
The money from the fair is going to help poor kids in villages. If you
want to join us, please call 235-1672. Got it 235-1672. Thank you.
听力题目:
The School Summer Fair is on Friday, _______________.
(July seventh/ 7th July)
The school band will play at ________ o'clock in the afternoon.
If students want to join, they can call __________________.
July 7th/ July 7
three/ 3
2351672/ 235-1672
介词
含有介词的固定搭配或习惯用法
介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语,
介词与它的宾语构成介词短语,在句子中作状语、表语、补语、定语或
介词宾语。含有介词的常考短语搭配:
1.含of的短语。如:
be full of 充满
be afraid of 害怕
be proud of 以……为骄傲
2.含in的短语。如:
in trouble 在困难中
in danger 处于危险中
in style 流行
3.含with的短语。如:
be satisfied with 满意
be angry with 生……的气
with the help of 在……帮助下
4.含from的短语。如:
hear from 收到……的来信
be different from 和……不同
5.含for的短语。如:
be famous for 因……而出名
be late for 因……迟到
pay for 为……付款
6.含at的短语。如:
laugh at 嘲笑
be good at 擅长
at the end of 在……结束时
7.含on的短语。如:
depend on 依赖
get on 上车
get on with 和……相处
turn on 打开
8.含to的短语。如:
listen to 听
pay attention to 注意
look forward to 期待
冠词
一、不定冠词a和an的区别
不定冠词有两个:a和an,一般意为“一”。以辅音音素开头的单词
前用a,以元音音素开头的单词前用an。易混淆的搭配如下:
虽然以辅音字母开头,开头 却是以元音音素发音,开头 的辅音字母不发音 an honest person一个诚实的人
half an hour半小时
虽然以元音字母开头,发音 却不是元音音素 a university一所大学
a useful book一本有用的书
a European wolf 一匹来自欧洲的狼
对于以数字、字母以及由单 词首字母构成的缩略词,其 前到底是用a还是an,也需 要根据读音来确定 an “S” letter一个字母“S”
an 8-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩
an ID card 一张身份证
二、定冠词the的用法
以下情况必须用定冠词:
1.特指某(些)人或物,这个(些)人或物通常都带有定语。如:
How do you like the color of my shirt 你觉得我的衬衫的颜色怎
么样?
2.用于指说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或物。如:
John, may I use your car I want to go to the library. 约翰,我
可以用你的车吗?我想去图书馆。
3.用于指上文提到的人或物。如:
There is an American girl in our class and the girl can speak
Chinese. 我们班有一个美国女孩,她会说中文。
4.用在序数词、表示方位的名词或形容词最高级和部分比较级前。如:
That is the longest river in the world. 那是世界上最长的河。
5.用在世界上独一无二的事物及某些专有名词前。如:
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
6.用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或物。如:the rich(富人)、
the poor(穷人)、the deaf(聋人)、the blind(盲人)、the dead
(死者)等。如:
Helen often helps the blind cross the street. 海伦经常帮助盲人过
马路。
7.用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”。如:
The Greens are watching TV. 格林一家人正在看电视。
8.用在乐器之前。如:
Mary likes to play the guitar. 玛丽喜欢弹吉他。
9.用在由普通名词组成的专有名词和习惯用语中。如:
The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world. 长城是
世界七大奇迹之一。
三、不用冠词的情况
1.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、疑问代词或some、any、each、
every等不定代词时。如:
I'd like some bread. 我想吃些面包。
2.复数名词表示一类人或物和不可数名词表示种类、一般概念时。如:
Maria would like orange juice. 玛丽亚想喝橙汁。
3.在球类运动、棋类游戏、三餐前(其前有形容词修饰时例外)。如:
The famous football star won't play football any longer. 这位著名
的足球明星将不再踢足球了。
4.在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份、学科、节目名称前。如:
That man in black is from England. 那位穿黑衣服的男子来自英格
兰。
5.在某些固定搭配中。如:at noon、by bus、on foot等。如:
It is a good habit to go to bed early and get up early. 早睡早起
是一个好习惯。
数词
一、基数词的用法
1.表示人或事物数目的多少。如:
twenty English books 二十本英语书
2.表示编了号的东西,将基数词放在名词后。如:
Room 308 308号房间
3.表示年份。如:
in 2023 在2023年
4.表示时间。如:
at 5:00 p.m. 在下午五点
5.“数量名词复数+of短语”表示“数以……计的,成……上……的”。如:
hundreds of… 数以百计的……
6.“in the+年份(复数)”表示“在……世纪……年代”。如:
in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
7.“数词+单数可数名词(+形容词)”可构成复合形容词作定语,词
与词之间要加连字符。如:
a nine-year-old boy 一个九岁的男孩
8.“in one's+基数词复数”表示“在某人几十岁时”。注:基数词复数
中基数词为整十的数。
in his twenties 在他二十几岁的时候
二、序数词
1.基数词变序数词
口诀
一、二、三, 特殊记, 结尾各是t, d, d;
th, 四加起, five、twelve是两兄弟;
八少t, 九去e, y结尾改ie;
ve结尾变f,
若是遇到几十几,
只变个位就可以。
2.序数词的基本用法
(1)日期中的“日”应用序数词。如:August the first 八月一日
(2)序数词表顺序时,前面加the;表“又一;再一”前面加a/an。
三、分数的表达
1.分数词的表达法:分子在前, 用基数词;分母在后, 用序数词。
当分子大于1时, 分母应用复数形式。
口诀
分子基数词, 分母序数词;
分子大于一, 分母加s;
四分之一quarter, 二分之一half。
2.分数做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的名词的单复数决
定。如:
It's said that two thirds of the water. .around the world is polluted.
一、单项填空。
1.It is impolite to speak loudly ___.
B
A.in danger B.in public C.in person D.in silence
2.About ____ of the students in Kaili ________ to school by bus.
A.two fifth; go B.two fifths; go C.two fifth; goes D.two fifths; goes
B
3.—People in our town planted ___ trees on Tree Planting Day.
—Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
D
A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds D.hundreds of
4.Qian Xuesen returned to China in his ___ and devoted all his life to
his motherland.
B
A.forty B.forties C.fortieth D.the fortieth
5.Would you like to go to the open-air concert at school It'll start in
____ hour and ________ half.
A.an; an B.a; an C.an; a D.a; a
C
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.—Do you know Hangzhou held the 19th Asian Games from
September 23 to October 8
—Yes, it was the ______(three) city in China to host the event.
third
2.This piece of music is so beautiful that I'd like to listen to it a
_______(two) time.
3.Harbin is a beautiful city. So ________(million) of people come
here to enjoy snow every winter.
second
millions
4.A research shows that three ______(five) of the students like
going hiking on weekends.
5.Grandpa is in his ________(ninety), but he is still willing to learn
new things.
6.Look at the photo! The ______(nine) boy from the right is my
best friend.
fifths
nineties
ninth