2024年中考英语总复习课件：攻略二 词法第9讲 主谓一致(共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
2024年中考英语总复习课件
第二部分 语法攻略
攻略二 词法
第9讲 主谓一致
考点一 语法一致原则
1.（2022·江西完形填空B节选）
desert space heavy be when woman Chinese love hot see then
Wang ______ her job.
loves
2.（2020·江西完形填空B节选）
because bring city easy even goal important make repeat they
The bus _______ special science teachers, new ideas and
equipment to schools in different parts of the country.
brings
考点二 就近一致原则
1.（2022·贵州毕节单项选择）Neither Saturday nor Sunday ___ OK
because I will be quite busy these two days.
B
A.are B.is C.am D.be
2.（2021·四川凉山单项选择）—I often see Peter's father play
basketball on my way to school.
—That's not strange. Not only Peter but also his father ___ sports.
B
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.was enjoyed
一、语法一致
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数
形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
1.单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语做主语时，谓语动词要用单数；
主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。如：
① He goes to school early every morning. ② The children are
playing outside. ③ To work hard is necessary for a student.
2.由and或both…and连接的并列成分做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：
Both he and I are right.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用
单数。如：The poet and writer has come.（作家和诗人指的是同一人）
3.由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each、every修饰时，
其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive
education.
4.主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but、except、besides、with等介词
短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
① The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.②
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
5.一些只有复数形式的名词，如people、police、cattle、clothes等做
主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
6.由each、some、any、no、every 构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语
动词都用单数。如：
Is everybody ready
7.由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses、shoes、trousers、
chopsticks、scissors 等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Your trousers are dirty.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单
复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。如：
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
二、就近一致
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于
最靠近它的主语。
1.由连词or、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连接的
并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，
与最靠近它的主语一致。如：① Either you or he is right. ② Neither
his parents nor his best friend knows anything about it.
2.在“there be”句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。如：
There are two apples and one egg in the fridge.
3.以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。如：
Here is a letter and some books for you.
三、意义一致
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，
即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语
形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.表时间、距离、价格、度量等的名词做主语时，谓语动词通常用
单数。如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
2.有些集合名词，如family、team等做主语时，如作为一个整体看
待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。如：① My
family is a big one. ② My family are watching TV.
3.不定代词由all、most、more、some、any、none做主语时，要以
这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数
可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，
谓语动词用单数。如：
① All of the work has been finished.
② All of the people have gone.
4.疑问代词做主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式也有两种情况：主
语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用
单数。如：
① Who is your brother ② Who are league members
5.“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组做主语时，谓语动词的单复
数形式要根据of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词
是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：
① It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.② Three-
fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
6.half、the rest等表示不定数量的名词做主语时，如果所指为复数
意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。如：① I
have read a large part of the book. The rest is more difficult. ② Only
ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
7.凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”做主语，往往根据意义一致
的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语
动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
一、单项填空。
1.This pair of trousers ___ smooth because they are made of Chinese
silk.
A
A.feels B.feel C.is felt D.are felt
2.Neither Jim nor Tom ___ Australia before, but they know the
country very well.
B
A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to
3.You can see 70% of the class ____ most of the work. The rest of
the work ________ really hard.
A.are doing; is B.are doing; are C.is doing; are D.is doing; is
A
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I paid 40 yuan for the film ticket and the rest of the money _____
（be） taken by my sister yesterday.
2.Zhai Zhigang, together with Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu ____
（have） returned from the space station safely.
3.Mr. Depp, a foreign scientist, ________（receive） postcards from
his students in China every year.
was
has
receives
4.Not only we students but also our headteacher _______（speak）
highly of the study tour.
5.Different areas have different colored soil. The color of soil
________（depend） on many things.
speaks
depends
谢谢大家