(共15张PPT)
第二部分 语法攻略
攻略一 句子成分及其分析
第2讲 学会分析长难句
考点一 复合句的理解
（2023·江西阅读理解B篇句子节选）It was difficult to come up
with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the
environment.
此句中的“It was difficult to come up with a different kind of
lamp”是主句, “that was cheap and good for the environment”是that引
导的__________，做lamp的定语。
句意：要想出一种既便宜又对环境友好的不同种类的灯，这很难。
定语从句
考点二 分隔结构的理解
（2022·江西完形填空A句子节选）Natalie is 40 to see that people are
replying to her app actively—especially those who suffer from bullying
（遭受欺凌）.( )
A.upset B.sorry C.happy D.angry
破折号后的内容是对people进行内容的______。
句意：Natalie很高兴看到人们积极地回应她的应用软件，尤其是那
些遭受欺凌的人。
补充
考点三 句子成分省略
（2023·江西阅读理解C篇句子节选）Patterns on faces connect
people to a tribal（部落） family and can show who is the most
important person in the family.
并列连词and连接了两个句子，第二句子省略了主语
________________。
句意：脸上的图案将人们与部落家族联系起来，（脸上的图案）也
可以表明谁是这个家族中最重要的人。
patterns on faces
一些复杂的长难句一方面是考生快速理解文意、准确解题的
“拦路虎”，另一方面又是彰显考生写作功底的“走秀台”。其实长难句并
不可怕，在正确划分句子成分的基础上，再运用一定的“拆分”技巧，化
繁为简、化长为短，句意立马显现。
一、长难句的常见形式
1.复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有
多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句
子的骨架，主要指主谓结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰
或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从
句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
2.分隔结构
为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避
免头重脚轻，使句意完整、逻辑严密、结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的
两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。学考
试题中出现较多的是插入语，用破折号插入新话题或补充信息。此外，
还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入
现象，只不过它是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。
3.成分省略
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了
避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结
合，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。例如在以than、as 引导的比较状语
从句中，一些成分往往被省略，而这会给理解句子带来一定的影响。
4.改变语序
改变语序主要针对倒装句式。倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
二、长难句解题策略——结构分析法
He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops
were made in China.
句子结构分析:
it做动词found的形式宾语，interesting做宾语补足语,that so many
products in the local shops were made in China是真正的宾语。
分析句子并翻译。
1.（2023·江西阅读理解B篇句子节选）However, this was a lot of
money to many villagers, who only earned around $34 a week, so
Evans made sure he kept the cost down.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________
然而，这对许多村民们来说是一大笔钱，他们每周只能赚34美元左右，
所以埃文斯确保他降低了成本。
2.（2023·江西阅读理解C篇句子节选）Actors in those countries still
wear white, black and red face paint today to show feelings and make
the bad people look dramatic（戏剧性的） and awful.
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________
如今，这些国家的演员脸上仍涂着白色、黑色和红色的油彩来表达情感，
并且让坏人看起来既戏剧化又可怕。
3.（2022·江西阅读理解C篇句子节选）They carry a huge monster
which is made of wood and other materials around the village three
times.
________________________________________________________________
他们扛着一个由木头和其他材料制成的巨大的怪兽，围着村庄绕三次。
4.（2022·江西七选五句子节选）The Chinese learned they could use
the cocoons to make cloth that was both beautiful to look at and soft
to touch.
______________________________________________________________
中国人知道他们可以用蚕茧来织既看起来美观又摸起来柔软的布料。
5.（2021·江西阅读理解E篇句子节选）Many scientists once believed
that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）,
while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between
them are an effect of their environment.
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
许多科学家曾经认为，双胞胎之间的身体相似之处是遗传的，然而他们
之间的性格、智力和其他差异则是受他们的环境影响。(共33张PPT)
第二部分 语法攻略
攻略一 句子成分及其分析
第1讲 学会划分句子成分
考点一 根据句意补主语
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely
height wise environment
Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce
big and delicious fruit, while the orange trees north of Huai River
produce small and sour fruit. The ____________ makes the fruit grow
differently.”
environment
2.（2020·江西完形填空B节选）
because bring city easy even goal important make
repeat they
The _____ of the Science Bus Project is to bring science to
children all over Chile.
goal
3.（2019·江西完形填空B节选）
this explain skill say information than again polite
available smile
First, make sure you answer the call formally（正式地）, giving
your name and the name of your company._____ will let the caller
know that you are professional.
This
考点二 根据句意补谓语
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely height
wise environment
Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and ________, “I was wrong
about you and your state!”
laughed
2.（2022·江西完形填空B节选）
desert space heavy be when woman Chinese love hot see then
“Sometimes it was so windy and dusty （布满灰尘的）,” she
says, “that we couldn't ____ each other even though we were just a
few meters away.”
Wang ______ her job.
see
loves
3.（2021·江西完形填空B节选）
star still good rest up how pollution stop small see towards
Most of the time, light helps us. We can ____ because of it.
see
考点三 根据句意补宾语
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely
height wise environment
“Only a state of dogs will greet ________ with a gate for dogs.
I'm visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn't for me.” Yan Zi said. So
the guard had to take him through the main gate.
visitors
2.（2023·广东语法选择节选）“I feel like a real astronaut in the space
camp, and I don't even need ___ the earth,” he said.
C
A.leave B.leaving C.to leave
考点四 根据句意补表语
1.（2020·江西完形填空B节选）
because bring city easy even goal important make
repeat they
The materials used in the experiments are_____ to find.
2.（2023·河北词语运用节选）I felt ________ （relax） at once.
easy
relaxed
考点五 根据句意补定语
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely
height wise environment
Many years ago, there were many states in China. The State of
Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a
_____ adviser, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to support each
other.
wise
2.（2022·云南用所给词的适当形式填空）Everyone can be a _______
person to make our motherland stronger. （use）
useful
考点六 根据句意补状语
1.（2022·江西完形填空B节选）
desert space heavy be when woman Chinese love hot
see then
Wang trained very hard for many years ______ an astronaut.
2.（2021·江西完形填空B节选）
to be
star still good rest up how pollution stop small see towards
We need times of dark _______.
to rest
3.（2022·云南写作节选）After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, dance-
poem drama Thousands of Miles of Mountains and Rivers（《只此青
绿》） became _______ known all over China. （wide）
widely
考点七 根据句意补宾语补足语
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely height
wise environment
When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him________ through the
small gate.
2.（2023·西藏用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空）The spirit of Lei
Feng tells us ________（help） people in need.
to enter
to help
考点八 同位语
用横线画出下列句子的同位语。
1.We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a
powerful country.
【答案】the Chinese people
2.They all wanted to see him.
【答案】all
3.The news that we are invited to the conference is encouraging.
【答案】that we are invited to the conference
正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好英语的必备基础，这不仅
对做出完形填空的解答有直接影响，而且对学好作文,理解阅读理解中
的长难句有重要意义。
一、主语
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者，一般位于句子
开头，且一般不能省略，但在某些特定的句式里，如疑问句、祈使句、
感叹句等，句子的主语也可以位于谓语动词之后或者省略。能够充当主
语的主要有名词（短语）、代词、数词、动名词（短语）、动词不定式
（短语）和从句等。
二、谓语
谓语是用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征或状态的句子成分。
谓语通常由动词的各种形式来充当，并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持
一致。谓语有广义和狭义之分，广义的谓语指主语之外包括动词在内的
部分，狭义的谓语则仅仅指动词。
三、宾语
宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,由名词、代词或相当于名词
的词来充当，一般放在及物动词或介词后面。宾语可分为直接宾语和间
接宾语。
四、表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征或状态的。表语常
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句来
充当。它常位于系动词之后，和连系动词一起充当谓语。
五、定语
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质或特征的，形容词、
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句都
可以做定语。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
六、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子
成分叫状语。英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、
介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句充当。
七、补足语
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语
和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词
充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作、身份、特征等，
称为宾语补足语。
八、同位语
同位语是指用两个或两个以上的词语指同一个事物，作同一句子成
分。通常由名词、数词、代词或从句等担任。
一、仿照示例写出画线部分的句子成分（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、
同）。
例：
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单
词的正确形式。
（2023·浙江杭州）Traffic School
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light Have you ever
parked in the wrong place or driven 1.______（fast） than the speed
limit （限制） The answers are probably “yes”. Every year
2.__________（thousand） of drivers become “offenders”—they break
the rules of the road. But 3.______ are the punishments for this
offence
faster
thousands
what
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine （罚款）, 4._______
（usual） $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some
5._________（Europe） countries offenders also get points on their
driving license. After they get 6.___ certain number of points, they
can't drive.
Life is difficult when you can't drive. So far some states in the
USA 7._______________（introduce） a new way to avoid this—
Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their
license 8.___ they can do a course at Traffic School.
usually
European
a
have introduced
or
Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about
$100 and take from four 9.___ twelve hours. Most people do the
course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course
online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how
10.______（be） better drivers. They don't have to take a driving test,
but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
to
to be
