2024年中考英语语法 被动语动态专项讲解 课件 (共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
被动语态讲解
.定义
语态是英语动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:
被动语态和主动语态。
主动语态&被动语态
They respect him.
He is respected by them.
主动语态：表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
含有情态动词
am/is/ are ＋done
was/ were ＋done
will ＋be done
am/ is/ are ＋being done
was/ were ＋being done
have/ has ＋been done
can/ may/ must ＋be done
被动语态 的 时态
被动语态主要用于下列几种情况:
①不知道动作的执行者是谁.
This watch was made in China.
②没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁.
More trees must be planted every year.
③需要强调或突出动作的承受者.
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
主语是谁不知道，
说出主语没必要。
宾语部分需强调，
被动语态就用到。
使用被动语态的情况
主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：
1、找出主动语态句中的主、谓、宾；
2、把主动语态中的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语；
3、把主动语态中的动词变成“be + 过去分词”；
4、观察主动语态句中动词的时态与被动语态句中的主语，确定be的时态与单复数；
5、将主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语；
I eat an apple every day.
An apple is eaten by me every day.
主动① ② ③ ，被动③ ② ①
例如：
1. Bruce writes a letter every week.（一般现在时的主动语态）
A letter is written by Bruce every week.（被动语态）
2. Tom broke the windows.（一般过去时的主动语态）
The windows were broken by Tom.（被动语态）
3. We have studied English for 3 years.（现在完成时的主动语态）
English has been studied by us for 3 years.（被动语态）
1.We water the flowers every day.
The flowers by us every day.
2.I will finish my homework tomorrow.
My homework by me tomorrow.
3.We should plant more trees.
More trees by us.
are
watered
will
be
finished
Pracice
should
be
planted
被动语态的肯、否、问、答:
The room is cleaned.
The room isn't cleaned.
Is the room cleaned
Yes, it is.
/ No, it isn’t.
被动语态中的特殊情况
1. 不及物动词及系动词不能用于被动语态。
常见词有：happen, take place, cost, last, come true等等。
Eg：An traffic accident happened just now.
Great changes have taken place in China.
被动语态中的特殊情况
2.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省）
e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.
被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
e.g. They look after the new students in the school.
被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.
3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。
常见加to的动词有: give,send,teach,show,pass …
常见加for的动词有:buy …
e.g. I give him a book. ( I give a book to him.)
被动句：He is given a book by me.
A book is give to him by me.
4. 系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。
常见的有taste（尝起来）， sound （听起来）， feel（摸起来）， look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等.
例如：
1) The apple tastes good.
2)The dish smells delicious.
5. 有些动词如:sell（卖）， wash（洗）， write (写）等与副词well（好）， easily（容易地）等连用 ，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：
1)The coat washes easily.
2)The books sell well.
1 ．This painting _____ ____ to a museum in New York in 1997.
A ．sells B ．sold C ．was sold D ．is sold
2 ．Do you think that the bridge _________ in a year
A ．was completed B ．will be completed
C ．had been completed D ．is being completed
3 ．--- Did you go to Lucy’s party
--- No. I ____________ .
A ．am not invited B ．wasn’t invited
C ．haven’t invited D ．didn’t invite
C
B
B
Pracice
4. The lab about five years ago.
A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built
5. This book next Monday.
A. will be finished B. finish C. finishes D. will finished
6. Computers ____ by most people.
A. is used B. are used C. have used
7. –Dad, please open the door. It _______.
–OK, dear. I'm coming.
A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked
B
A
B
C
8. The young man was badly hurt. He to the hospital at once.
A. must send B. sent C. is sent D. must be sent
9. ---The tower is the tallest building in the city.
--- from here
A. Can it seen B. Can it be seen C. Can see it D. Can it being seen
10. ---Your bedroom is so clean.
---Of course. It______ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
D
B
C
河北中考真题
1. (2019河北32题) These cakes with chocolate. Have one, please.
A. fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled
2.(2018 河北34题) Look at the picture. The top five TV plays in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
fill v. “用...装满”，be filled with “被...填满”的意思，句子意思为“这个蛋糕注满了巧克力”。
C
句意：”看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面”。根据语境得知The top five TV plays 与 list (列表，列出）之间存在被动关系.
B
3. Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known
“杭州以丝绸之城而著名，游客喜欢在那里买丝绸”．
主语Hangzhou是动词know的承受者，表达的是客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态be+过去分词。
表示”作为…而著名”用be known as，故答案是B．
如：Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.
桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
B
4.Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.
A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
5. Everybody deeply after they heard the story.
A. moves B. moved C. is moved D. was moved
6. The pet dog is warm and loving. It as a daughter of my family.
A. treats B.treated C. is treated D. was treated
C
D
“这只宠物狗是温暖的，有爱心的。它被当做我们家的一个女儿对待“ it指代的宠物狗，和treat之间构成被动的关系。
C