2024年人教版中考英语语法精讲 不定代词（无答案）

2024年中考英语语法精讲——不定代词
第一讲——不定代词
知识精讲
不明确指代某个(些)人或事物的代词叫不定代词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
精讲一：普通不定代词
some, any few, little other, another
many, much, a lot of a few, a little none, no one
each, every either, neither both, all
1. some, any
相同点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量。
不同点 some 常用于肯定句； 表示婉转请求或希望得到肯定回答时也可将some用于疑问句。
any 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中； 用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/一些)”。
用some和any完成下列句子。
①—Are there _______ apples in the fridge
—Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
②—Is there _______ water in the bottle
—Yes, there is _______ water./No, there isn’t _______ water.
③—Would you like _______ milk
—No, thanks.
④You can ask me _______ question.
2. many, much, a lot(代词)/a lot of(形容词)
many/much/a lot/a lot of均表示“很多”。 many只修饰可数名词复数； much只修饰不可数名词； a lot of既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。
①There is not _______ water in the cup.
②How _______ students are there in your class
③There are ___________ apples in the shop.
④We have ___________ time.
3. few/a few, little/a little
肯定意义 否定意义 所修饰的名词
a little 一点 little 几乎没有 不可数名词
a few 一些，几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数
①There is _______ (有一些) milk in the glass.
②There is _______ (几乎没有) milk in the glass.
③We took quite _______ photos there.
④_______ people know what happened.
4. other, another, the other, others, the others
other只能当形容词用，表示“其他”， ①当other前面没有定冠词the时，它后面必须跟复数名词=others； ②当other前面有定冠词the时，它后面可以跟单数名词或复数名词。
①Some students like math; other students like English.
=Some students like math; _______ like English.
②If one of your hands is full, you can use the other hand
=______________=_______ to open the door.
Two of the students in the class were late;
the other students=______________=_______ were not.
the other (one) 指 “固定数量中的最后一个”， the others指“固定数量中的剩下的全部”。
①_______ of the couple is sleeping; __________ is reading.
②He has three sons. _______ is a teacher; _______ is a soldier, and _________ is a program designer.
③I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red; __________ are blue.
④Some of the class are studying; _________ are resting.
another表示“另一个”，前面不能有定冠词the，它作定语时与单数名词连用，但当后面有基数词或few时，后面必须与复数名词连用。
①Please give me _______ pen. This one is broken. (形容词)
②This dress is too big. Can you show me another one (形容词)
=This dress is too big. Can you show me _______ (代词)
③We’ll have to wait ___________________ (另外的三个星期) for the result.
一个；另一个 ①只有两个(one…; the other (one)…) ②不只两个(one…; another…)
①我父母其中一位是老师，另一位是办公室员工。
_______ of my parents is a teacher; ____________ is an office worker.
②说是一回事；做又是另一回事。
To say is _______ thing; to do is quite _________.
我有三个姐妹，一个住在圣荷西，另一个住在台北，还有一个住在伦敦。
I have three sisters. _______ lives in San Jose; _______ lives in Taipei, and ___________ lives in London.
①others = other + people，表“其他人”。 ②Some of…; the others … (……其中的一些；剩余的其他……)
①Some are carrying water; _______ are watering the trees.
②Some of the girls like basketball; ___________ don’t.
5. both/all
both 两者都 both作主语时，谓语动词用复数；both…and…“和……都……”连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
all (三者或三者以上)全部都 表示全部肯定，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由它所修饰的或指代的名词的单复数决定。
①_______ my parents work in the Middle East.
②_______ my friends will come to attend my wedding.
③_______ my sister _______ I are learning in the high school.
④I looked through _______ (所有的) the books.
6. either/neither
either (两者中)任何一个 either作主语时，谓语动词用单数；either…or…“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”，连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
neither (两者)都不 neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数；neither…nor…“既不……也不……”连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
①Neither of the answers _______ (be) right.
②Either of the answers _______ (be) right.
③The little girl can write with _______ hand.
7. none, no one
none (三者或三者以上中)没有一个 none既可指人也可指物，其后常跟of。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
no one 没有人 no one常用来指人，后不能接of，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①None of these clothes __________ (fit) me well.
②—How much money have you got
—None.
③—Who is absent today
—No one, sir.
8. each, every
指代数量 含义 作用
each 两者或两者以上 强调个体 可以作主语、宾语、定语及同位语
every 三者或三者以上 强调整体 只能作定语
①_________ (each/every) us has two boxes.
②_______ (each/every) student will come here.
精讲二：复合不定代词
-body somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody 每个人
-one someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone 每个人
-thing something 某事物 anything 任何事物 nothing 没有东西 everything 每件事
some-, any-, no-, every-构成的复合不定代词作主语时， 用作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
①Something _______ (be) wrong with my watch.
②Well, everyone _______ (want) to win.
③Nobody _______ (know) what the future will be like.
不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要后置。
①Do you have anything to say
②Did anyone see something good at the cinema
后测
( ) 1. — It’s time to go to the museum. Is ________ here
— No, Bob and Tom are still on the way.
A. someone B. no one C. everyone D. anyone
( ) 2. Did you see ________ there just now
A. strange something B. something strange
C. strange anything D. anything strange
( ) 3. —Don’t be angry with your student when they make mistakes again, will you
—No, I won’t. I know that ________ of us are perfect after all.
A. none B. neither C. each D. all
( ) 4. Though Kung Fu Panda 3 is popular with teenagers, it won’t be liked by ________.
A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody
( ) 5. —Ben, do you get ________ ready for the party
—No. I still have ________ to do.
A. anything; nothing B. everything; something
C. something; everything D. anything; anything
( ) 6. Adventure (冒险) mean you go ________ new and do ________ you never did.
A. somewhere; everything B. everywhere; nothing
C. anywhere; everything D. somewhere; something
( ) 7. —John, is there ________ in today’s newspaper
—No, nothing. So I don’t want to read it.
A. anything interesting B. interesting something
C. interesting anything D. something interesting
( ) 8. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. ________ of them are part of his family.
A. All B. Both C. None D. Each