2023～2024学年(上)高二期末质量监测
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：
1．本试卷共10页，包含听力(共30分)、阅读(共50分)、语言运用(共30分)、写作(共40分)四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。
3．作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Which part of the house has been repaired
A．The walls. B．The roof. C．The doors.
2．What’s the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Librarian and student.
3．What time is it
A．9:10. B．9:00. C．8:50.
4．What problem does the woman have
A She can’t read messages.
B She can’t fall asleep at night.
C．She is addicted to her phone.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Their age. B．The man’s hairstyle. C．The woman’s colleagues.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At school. B．At a shop. C．At home.
7．What will the boy do next
A．Check his bike. B．Buy a pen. C．Review his notes.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why is the man surprised by the meal
A．It was very hot. B．It tasted very good. C．It was very expensive.
9．How many times has the woman been to Italy
A．One. B．Two. C．Six.
10．What are the speakers going to do next
A．Book travel to Italy. B．Go to a bar for a drink. C．Go to an Italian restaurant.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where are the speakers going now
A．To a hotel. B．To a park. C．To a museum.
12．What do we know about the speakers
A．They are locals. B．They are tourists. C．They are on a business trip.
13．How does the woman feel
A．Tired. B．Upset. C．Hungry.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．Why was the new piece of furniture so cheap
A．It was very dirty. B．All the legs were weak. C．The back had a small problem.
15．What color is the old sofa
A．Green. B．White. C．Yellow.
16．What does the man say about the woman
A．She often makes things dirty.
B．She dislikes the color white.
C．She always finds cheap goods.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the purpose of the experiment
A．To stop diseases spreading.
B．To kill the male mosquitoes.
C．To introduce a new mosquito.
18．What were the environmental groups worried about
A．Too many mosquitoes will die.
B．Mosquitoes may resist chemicals.
C．Male mosquitoes will bite humans.
19．What is known about mosquitoes
A．Only females spread disease.
B．The males need human blood.
C．The females feed only on plants.
20．What could benefit most if the experiment is successful
A．The environment. B．The economy. C．Human health.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’re searching for a vacation spot that hits both your fix for city life and access to nature, Seattle is the perfect place to visit. Located in Washington, it’s home to some of the most beautiful natural landscapes in the country.
Space Needle
You’ll get the opportunity to climb to a few levels of the observation tower and admire the impressive views of the Mississippi River and the mountains. You’ll also be able to visit the Loupe Lounge to enjoy a circling glass floor experience and seat on a Skyriser — an angled glass bench on the open-air observation deck.
Underground History Tour
This one-hour, small-group tour will take you into the fascinating world beneath Seattle’s streets. You’ll travel along the underground pathways constructed over a century ago and learn details about Seattle’s early history from your knowledgeable guide. You’ll hear stories of the Klondike Gold Rush, Skid Row and the area’s original inhabitants (居民).
Seattle Harbor Cruise
On this guided cruise, you’ll get a chance to admire the sweeping views of the Olympic Mountains and learn more about the history of the city. You’ll head to Puget Sound to see a variety of wildlife in the inland body of water. The cruise comes with a full-service bar aboard where you can purchase cocktails, local wine, beer, snacks and much more while relaxing on the tour.
Museum of Flight
You can explore the fascinating exhibits of the Museum of Flight. Inside, you’ll find 175 aircraft and spacecraft, thousands of artefacts and rare photographs. You’ll learn about the history of flight from humble beginnings to the fighter planes of World War I and II. You can even step aboard a Boeing plan and view a space shuttle in the Aviation Pavilion.
1. Which place will help you learn about space adventure
A. Space Needle. B. Underground History Tour.
C. Museum of Flight. D. Seattle Harbor Cruise.
2. What can visitors do on Seattle Harbor Cruise
A. Overlook from the Olympic Mountains. B. Enjoy various kinds of food and drink.
C. See a variety of wildlife in deep oceans. D. Admire splendid views of the Mississippi.
3. What can you get in all the four tourist spots
A. Mental relaxation. B. Historical knowledge. C. A free guide. D. A flying experience.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了西雅图的四个度假胜地。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Museum of Flight部分“Inside, you’ll find 175 aircraft and spacecraft, thousands of artefacts and rare photographs. You’ll learn about the history of flight from humble beginnings to the fighter planes of World War I and II. You can even step aboard a Boeing plan and view a space shuttle in the Aviation Pavilion.(在里面，你会发现175架飞机和航天器，数千件文物和罕见的照片。你将了解从卑微的开始到第一次和第二次世界大战战斗机的飞行历史。你甚至可以登上波音公司的飞机，在航空馆观看航天飞机)”可知，Museum of Flight能帮助你了解太空冒险。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Seattle Harbor Cruise部分“The cruise comes with a full-service bar aboard where you can purchase cocktails, local wine, beer, snacks and much more while relaxing on the tour.(游轮上有一个提供全方位服务的酒吧，您可以在这里购买鸡尾酒、当地葡萄酒、啤酒、小吃等，同时在旅途中放松身心)”可知，在Seattle Harbor Cruise，游客可以享受各种各样的食物和饮料。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If you’re searching for a vacation spot that hits both your fix for city life and access to nature, Seattle is the perfect place to visit.(如果你正在寻找一个既能适应城市生活又能接触自然的度假胜地，西雅图是一个完美的旅游之地)”可知，在这四个旅游景点，你可以适应城市生活并接触自然，你能得到精神放松。故选A。
B
For Cruz, who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across rough hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, drops of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. One day, he and his father built a canal system with the leaves to collect water. He moved to Lima at the age of 25.
Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger, better-adapted scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. The nonprofit provided the materials for free, and the community built the infrastructure (基础设施) themselves.
At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that is like a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink (after being filtered at home) or to irrigate crops on small garden patches.
Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. German researcher Lummerich says, “They are cheap, easy to construct. In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important approach that can make an essential difference locally. It could make the difference between having water and not having water available.” There are some issues, however. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere.
4. Why did Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005
A. To raise money for the poorest residents. B. To construct the infrastructure for the city.
C. To build a canal system for his hometown. D. To offer water to people who need it badly.
5. What does the underlined word “deploy” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Employ. B. Abandon. C. Design. D. Explore.
6. What is the problem with fog catchers in urban areas
A. High expenses. B. Public opposition. C. Technical faults. D. Space limitation.
7. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text
A. A practical application of fog catchers in cities B. The development of a climate organization
C. A creative method of improving water supply D. The importance of infrastructure construction
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005.(一些城市最贫穷的居民正在遭受水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz对此感到震惊，于2005年成立了EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua。)”可知，Cruz建立EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua是为了给遭受水资源短缺的人提供水。故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. (一些城市最贫穷的居民面临着水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz感到震惊，于2005年成立了El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua。)”和下文“He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. (他开始安装上世纪80年代开发的传统捕雾器模型。)”可知，此处讲述了Cruz产生该想法是因为被当地的水资源贫乏情况震惊，他有了想法后便着手解决该问题。由此可知，这种想法应该是将之前在家乡学到的收集水的方法“使用”到新的环境中，划线词意思应该是“使用”，与employ意思相近。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. (首先，捕雾器需要空间，这在城市里并不容易找到。)”可知，在城市地区，捕雾器问题是空间限制。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文结合倒数第一段的“Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. (支持者认为，捕雾器有潜力在日益严峻的环境下改善世界各地社区的供水。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。在充满挑战的环境中，捕雾器有潜力改善世界各地社区的供水。由此可知，C项“一种改善供水的创造性方法”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
How often in your busy life when faced with an issue or a problem do you consider subtraction (减法)
Every day, with big and small challenges, we ignore a basic way to make things better. We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don’t delete the outdated ones.
Do your resolutions more often start with “I should do more of…” than with “I should do less of…” Do you add new rules in your household or workplace more often than you take rules away In our striving to improve our lives, our work and our society, we overwhelmingly add.
Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. The valid subtraction solution produced a stronger outcome.
Why do we ignore the option to subtract from what is already there Why do we fail to use subtraction as a way to change things
Firstly, behavioural science suggests that our brains are wired to ignore subtraction. Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. We are tricked by our mindset.
Further, we have a tendency to think addition or subtraction; however, they can be complementary (互补的) ways to make changes.
So we ignore subtraction because it is often harder to think of. Moreover, even when we do manage to think of it, subtracting can be harder to perform.
In chemistry, valency (化合价) refers to an elemental force that is not necessarily visible but helps explain the elements’ behaviour. Psychological valency is the inner attractiveness or strong dislike of something. There is a negative valency around subtracting. Even the word subtraction has a negative valency.
Subtraction is the act of getting to less but it is not the same as doing less. Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful!
8. What do people usually do when faced with problems in life
A. Adopt subtraction. B. Stop doing things.
C. Add new rules. D. Abandon outdated ideas.
9. How did the author prove his viewpoint
A. By comparing examples. B. By conducting a survey.
C. By analyzing statistics. D. By citing a typical test.
10. What causes people to ignore the option of subtraction
A. Initial fixed mindset. B. Resistance to change.
C. Flexible mental desire. D. Expectation for success.
11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. State possible reasons. B. Offer valuable advice.
C. Give some warnings. D. Provide useful proof.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了在忙碌的生活中，当你面对一个问题时，习惯性做加法，作者建议克服忽视减法的倾向，做减法让人愉快。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. (我们很擅长增加我们的“待办事项”，但我们不考虑“停止行动”。)”可知，当人们面对生活中的问题时，通常会添加新规则。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. (Leidy Klotz的乐高大桥测试有两个不同高度的支撑塔，发现几乎每个人都在较短的塔上添加了一块乐高积木，而不是从较长的塔上取下一块积木。)”可知，作者是通过引用一个典型的测试证明他的观点的。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。文章第六段讲到“Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. (最初的研究表明，在解决问题时，我们的思维捷径更倾向于加法。)”可知，最初的固定心态导致人们忽略了减法的选项。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful! (减少时间意味着做得更多，或者至少想得更多。在你追求成功和幸福的过程中，我鼓励你克服忽视减法的倾向。减法可以令人愉快！)”可知，作者在最后一段是提供有价值的建议。故选B。
D
Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have reasons to stay deep under the ocean. Soldiers in submarines travel long distances panies looking for oil and other resources stay underwater, too. Humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel
Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a man ta ray would be able to operate for long periods at sea as if it were a living organism. Manta rays, a type of cartilaginous (软骨的) fish, can grow up to 29 feet long, which are found throughout the world in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters. Manta rays are some of the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water in order to swim, the manta ray swims by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍). Efficiency means using less energy to move farther and causing less pollution.
Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took x-rays to find out how a manta ray’s fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage, which is the same kind of material that your ears and nose are made from, stretches across each fin.
Once the engineers knew how a manta ray’s fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray’s web of cartilage, acting like your finger, which can bend as one long line, or bend in many places to make a curve. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray’s fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.
Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people. For now, engineers study their movement and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean.
12. Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph
A. To lead to the main topic. B. To ask for a correct answer.
C. To suggest exploring the sea. D. To summarize people’s views.
13. What can we learn about a manta ray
A. It can grow at least 29 feet long. B. It swims with much less energy.
C. It can inhabit all kinds of waters. D. It swims by pushing against water.
14. What can we infer from the research
A. The engineers failed to build a man ta ray’s fin. B. Artificial “manta rays” remain to be improved.
C. The experiments were carried out in the ocean. D. Vehicles like manta rays have been put into use.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the project
A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Optimistic.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了工程师们模仿魔鬼鱼的游泳方式来提高水下交通工具的效率。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel (人类已经想出了一些在海洋下移动的交通工具的设计。但如果有更好的行进方式呢？)”以及第二段“Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray would be able to operate for long periods at sea as if it were a living organism.(弗吉尼亚大学的工程师Hilary Bart Smith认为，像魔鬼鱼一样行进的交通工具能够在海上长时间运行，就好像它是一个活的有机体一样)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引出文章主题，工程师们模仿魔鬼鱼的游泳方式制造高效的交通工具。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Manta rays are some of the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water in order to swim, the manta ray swims by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍). Efficiency means using less energy to move farther and causing less pollution.(魔鬼鱼是海洋中最有效率的游泳者之一。与为了游泳而推水的动物和人不同，魔鬼鱼是通过鳍的翅膀状运动在水中移动来游泳的。效率意味着使用更少的能量走得更远，造成更少的污染)”可知，魔鬼鱼游泳的效率高，需要的能量少。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray’s fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.(工程师们把他们的设计放在一个有弹性的盖子里，盖子的形状像魔鬼鱼的鳍。然后他们在大学的游泳池里进行了测试。他们很高兴看到它像魔鬼鱼一样在海里游动)”以及第五段“Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. (工程师和科学家仍在学习和试验如何模仿这些神奇的动物)”可知，人造的魔鬼鱼鳍已经在大学的游泳池进行了测试，但工程师和科学家仍在学习和试验，仍需改进。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people. For now, engineers study their movement and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean.(也许有一天，工程师们将能够制造出足够大的魔鬼鱼机器人来运送人。目前，工程师们研究它们的动作，并向海洋中最高效的游泳运动员学习)”可知，作者对魔鬼鱼的研究持乐观的态度。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The journey towards self-improvement and personal success is often paved with challenges and obstacles. ____16____ The power of mindset extends beyond mere positive thinking. It shapes your attitudes and actions, thereby shaping your destiny.
Mindset rests on a fundamental principle: your inner beliefs and thoughts can form your reality. ____17____ It is also about how an optimistic mindset fosters (培养) improved decision-making, heightened problem-solving abilities, and stronger resilience against challenges.
Factors like talent and hard work are often highlighted in professional success. ____18____ Consider a physical therapist, who may encounter limitations in their effectiveness due to a negative or fixed mindset despite possessing the necessary skills and knowledge. This situation underlines how a growth mindset is essential.
____19____ It is a game-changer in personal and professional development. It is centered around the belief that abilities and intelligence are not fixed traits but can be cultivated through effort, learning, and perseverance.
To make full use of the potential of your mindset, it is crucial to confront and overcome limiting beliefs. You may never realize it. ____20____
A. This isn’t merely hopeful thinking.
B. Effort and ability can equal a positive mindset.
C. The growth mindset means continuous improvement.
D. In fact, mindset emerges as an equally critical element.
E. Such beliefs can act as invisible barriers to your success.
F. Mindset plays an important role in building good relationship.
G. However, a crucial element that influences this journey is the mindset.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心态是自我完善和个人成功的旅程的一个关键因素，心态的力量塑造一个人的态度和行为，从而塑造个人的命运。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The journey towards self-improvement and personal success is often paved with challenges and obstacles.(自我完善和个人成功的旅程往往充满了挑战和碍) ”和下文“The power of mindset extends beyond mere positive thinking. It shapes your attitudes and actions, thereby shaping your destiny.(心态的力量超越了单纯的积极思考。它塑造你的态度度和行为，从而塑造你的命运)”可知，尽管一个人在自我完善和走向个人成功的旅程中充满坎坷，但一个人的心态却可以决定其命运。选项G“然而，影响这段旅程的一个关键因素是心态。”承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Mindset rests on a fundamental principle: your inner beliefs and thoughts can form your reality.(心态建立在一个基本原则上：你内心的信念和想法可以形成你的现实) ”中的“inner beliefs and thoughts”以及下文“It is also about how an optimistic mindset fosters (培养) improved decision-making, heightened problem-solving abilities, and stronger resilience against challenges.(这也是关于乐观心态如何促进决策的改进、解决问题的能力的提高以及应对挑战的更强韧性)”中的“decision-making”可知，选项A“这不仅仅是充满希望的想法。”中thinking切合段落主旨，起到街接语境作用。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Consider a physical therapist, who may encounter limitations in their effectiveness due to a negative or fixed mindset despite possessing the necessary skills and knowledge. This situation underlines how a growth mindset is essential.(考虑一位物理治疗师，尽管他拥有必要的技能和知识，但由于消极或固定的心态，他们的有效性可能会受到限制。这种情况突显了成长心态的重要性) ”可知，此处说明心态的重要性。由此可知，选项D“事实上，心态是一个同样重要的因素。” 符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据下文“It is a game-changer in personal and professional development. It is centered around the belief that abilities and intelligence are not fixed traits but can be cultivated through effort, learning, and perseverance. (这是个人和职业发展的游戏规则。它的核心是相信能力和智力不是固定的特征，而是可以通过努力，学习和毅力来培养的) ”可知，此外说明心心态是应该可以培养和进步的。由此可知，选项C“成长心态意味着不断进步”符合题意。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“To make full use of the potential of your mindset, it is crucial to confront and overcome limiting beliefs. You may never realize it. (为了充分利用你的心态的潜力，直面和克服有限的信念是至关重要的) ”可知，积极心态下的努力和能力可以使一个人自我完善并取得成功。由此可知，选项B“努力和能力可以等同于积极的心态。”符合题意，故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“I’ve met an old lady,” I eagerly told my parents on one of our daily phone. I volunteered to start a knitting club at a care home for the ____21____ in north London. I didn’t realize it would be the start of a close ____22____, where our ages ____23____ sharply.
From the beginning, I never felt that Edith and I lacked ____24____. I was amazed that Edith, at 110, could talk with me about anything, and that her ____25____ stretched back so easily, ____26____ even small things that took place 100 years ago.
When I first met Edith, I was ____27____ by her intelligence and vitality. Her doctor’s degree from the University of Vienna told me about this. As a child, she loved to skate on the lake in winters, but in her later years she adored the summer, ____28____ her physical conditions. Although from her nineties, she was ____29____ to a wheelchair, she participated in the exercise classes.
Over the years of visiting Edith, I understood how Edith valued the ____30____ of people above everything else and material possessions, which was a reminder of how we should ____31____ our lives.
Death at 111 is not unexpected, but I still feel that something is ____32____ from my life. I feel very fortunate to have formed such a ____33____ bond with a remarkable lady, from whom I learn to take the words of ____34____. I appreciate nothing more than the opportunity to regain new ____35____ into life.
21.
A. lonely B. elderly C. disabled D. deserted
22.
A. friendship B. cooperation C. encounter D. competition
23.
A switched B. contracted C. contrasted D. identified
24.
A. adaptation B. commitment C. conversation D. attention
25.
A. memory B. organ C. anxiety D. manner
26.
A. explaining B. recalling C. forgetting D. expecting
27.
A. confused B. urged C. denied D. struck
28.
A. calling on B. allowing for C. sorting out D. beating down
29.
A. devoted B. admitted C. restricted D. addicted
30.
A. company B. discipline C. resolution D. departure
31.
A. follow B. tackle C. restore D. engage
32.
A. arising B. ranging C. missing D. suffering
33.
A. racial B. diverse C. visible D. special
34.
A. complaint B. praise C. gratitude D. wisdom
35.
A. insights B. comparison C. investment D. remarks
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在伦敦北部一家养老院志愿组织针织俱乐部时，与一位110岁高龄的老妇人建立了深厚的友谊的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我自愿在伦敦北部的一家养老院成立了一个针织俱乐部。A. lonely孤独的；B. elderly年老的；C. disabled残疾的；D. deserted被抛弃的。根据下文“I was amazed that Edith, at 110, could talk with me about anything”可知，110岁的伊迪丝可以和作者谈论任何事情，所以此处表示作者为老年人成立了一个针织俱乐部。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到这将是一段亲密友谊的开始，在这段友谊中，我们的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。A. friendship友谊；B. cooperation合作；C. encounter偶遇；D. competition比赛。根据下文“I feel very fortunate to have formed such a ____13____ bond with a remarkable lady, from whom I learn to take the words of ____14____.”可知，作者感到非常幸运能与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系，所以此处表示作者与这位老人有一段亲密的友谊。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到这将是一段亲密友谊的开始，在这段友谊中，我们的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。A. switched转换；B. contracted订契约；C. contrasted比较，对比；D. identified确认。根据下文“I was amazed that Edith, at 110, could talk with me about anything,”以及常识可知，伊迪丝已经110岁，所以此处表示伊迪丝和作者的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一开始，我就没觉得伊迪丝和我缺少交流。A. adaptation适应；B. commitment奉献；C. conversation对话；D. attention注意力。根据下文“I was amazed that Edith, at 110, could talk with me about anything,”可知，伊迪丝可以和作者谈论任何事，此处表示伊迪丝和作者不缺少交流。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，110岁的伊迪丝可以和我谈论任何事情，她的记忆很容易恢复，甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。A. memory记忆；B. organ器官；C. anxiety焦虑；D. manner方式。根据下文“even small things that took place 100 years ago”可知，此处表示伊迪丝还可以回忆起100年前的小事，所以此处表示她的记忆很容易恢复。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，110岁的伊迪丝可以和我谈论任何事情，她的记忆很容易恢复，甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。A. explaining解释；B. recalling回忆；C. forgetting忘记；D. expecting期盼。根据下文“even small things that took place 100 years ago”以及语境可知，此处表示伊迪丝甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次见到伊迪丝时，她的聪明和活力使我触动。A. confused使困惑，迷惑；B. urged催促；C. denied否认；D. struck突然想到。根据下文“Her doctor’s degree from the University of Vienna told me about this. As a child, she loved to skate on the lake in winters, but in her later years she adored the summer, ____8____ her physical conditions.”可知，伊迪丝已经110岁，仍然很有活力，所以此处表示伊迪丝的聪明和活力使作者触动，be struck by为固定短语，意思为：被触动。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：小时候，她喜欢冬天在湖上滑冰，但在晚年，考虑到她的身体状况，她喜欢夏天。A. calling on呼吁；B. allowing for考虑到；C. sorting out分类；D. beating down猛烈照射。根据上文“but in her later years she adored the summer”可知，在晚年，她喜欢夏天，这是考虑到她的身体状况。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管从90多岁开始，她就只能坐轮椅了，但她还是参加了健身班。A. devoted奉献；B. admitted允许进入，承认；C. restricted限制；D. addicted上瘾。根据下文“but in her later years she adored the summer, ____8____ her physical conditions.”以及语境可知，由于身体状况，从90多岁开始，伊迪丝被限制在轮椅上。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在拜访伊迪丝的这些年里，我明白了伊迪丝是如何将与人相处置于一切和物质财富之上的，这提醒了我们应该如何参与我们的生活。A. company陪伴；B. discipline纪律；C. resolution决心；D. departure出发。根据下文“of people above everything else and material possessions, which was a reminder of how we should our lives.”可知，此处表示伊迪丝重视人们的陪伴，这提醒了我们应该如何参与生活。故选A。
31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拜访伊迪丝的这些年里，我明白了伊迪丝是如何将与人相处置于一切和物质财富之上的，这提醒了我们应该如何参与我们的生活。A. follow跟随；B. tackle处理；C. restore恢复；D. engage开始从事。根据上文“Although from her nineties, she was ____9____ to a wheelchair, she participated in the exercise classes.”可知，尽管从90多岁开始，伊迪丝只能坐轮椅了，但她还是参加了健身班，这提醒了我们应该如何参与生活。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词，形容词词义辨析。句意：111岁去世并不意外，但我仍然觉得我的生活中缺少了一些东西。A. arising出现；B. ranging变化；C. missing丢失；D. suffering遭受。根据上文“Death at 111 is not unexpected”可知，111岁去世并不意外，伊迪丝去世，所以作者感觉自己的生活中缺少了一些东西。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常幸运，能与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系，从她那里我学会了智慧的话语。A. racial种族的；B. diverse多种多样的；C. visible看得见的；D. special特殊的。根据下文“I appreciate nothing more than the opportunity to regain new ____15____ into life.”可知，作者最感激的是能与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常幸运，能与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系，从她那里我学会了智慧的话语。A. complaint抱怨；B. praise夸奖；C. gratitude感激；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“I understood how Edith valued the ____10____of people above everything else and material possessions, which was a reminder of how we should ____11____ our lives.”可知，作者从伊迪丝那里学会了老人的智慧。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最感激的是有机会重新获得对生活的新见解。A. insights洞察力，深刻见解；B. comparison比较；C. investment投资；D. remarks言论。根据上文“I feel very fortunate to have formed such a ____13____ bond with a remarkable lady, from whom I learn to take the words of ____14____.”可知，作者与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系，从她那里学会了智慧之语，推测此处表示作者对生活有了新的见解。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For those looking to escape the concrete jungle, maybe it’s time to dive into the bamboo forests of southern Sichuan.
A natural forest that people in Sichuan province tend ____36____(visit) is the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea in Yibin. The 120-square-kilometer Bamboo Sea is the ____37____ (large) bamboo park in China and its average temperature seldom drops below zero degrees Celsius in winter ____38____ many parts of the country are covered with snow and ice.
Known as one of the country’s 10 most beautiful forests, it ____39____(be) a popular tourist attraction since the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon ____40____(shoot), there in 2001.
Two years later, the bamboo forest received world-wide ____41____(recognize) as a bamboo reserve in December 2003, ____42____(become) the fourth tourism destination in China to be granted Green Globe 21 certification.
The Bamboo Sea covers Changning and Jiang’an, two counties ____43____ the authority of Yibin. Amazed at its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian, ____44____ poet from the Song Dynasty, described it as “bamboo waves”. As Huang was an ____45____(influence) man of letters, his description gave rise to the forest’s popular nickname—the Bamboo Sea.
【答案】36. to visit
37. largest
38. when 39. has been
40. was shot
41. recognition
42. becoming
43. under 44. a
45. influential
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川境内的竹海。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：宜宾的川南竹海是四川人常去的天然森林。tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”，故填to visit。
【37题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：120平方公里的竹海是中国最大的竹林公园。根据句意和空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级，表示“最大的”，故填largest。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：120平方公里的竹海是中国最大的竹林公园，在冬季，当中国的许多地方被冰雪覆盖时，竹海的平均温度很少降到零摄氏度以下。先行词为winter，作时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：作为全国十大最美丽的森林之一，自2001年奥斯卡获奖影片《卧虎藏龙》在这里拍摄以来，这里一直是一个受欢迎的旅游景点。根据句中的“since”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，故填has been。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。根据时间状语in 2001可知，此处应用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，主语Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon与shoot之间是被动关系，故填was shot。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：两年后，2003年12月，竹林作为竹林保护区获得遍及全世界范的认可，成为中国第四个获得绿色全球21认证的旅游目的地。根据句意及前文形容词“world-wide”的修饰可知，该空填名词作宾语，故填recognition。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：两年后，2003年12月，竹林作为竹林保护区获得遍及全世界范的认可，成为中国第四个获得绿色全球21认证的旅游目的地。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，且the bamboo forest与become之间是主动关系，故填becoming。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：竹海覆盖了宜宾管辖的长宁和江安两个县。under the authority of意为“在……管辖下”，故填under。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：宋朝诗人黄庭坚惊叹于它的浩瀚，将其形容为“竹波”。根据句意可知，此处作前文Huang Tingjian的同位语，补充说明黄庭坚是一位宋朝诗人，poet首字母的发音为辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于黄庭坚是一位有影响力的文学家，他的描述为这片森林带来了一个流行的绰号——竹海。根据句意和空后的名词可知，该空用形容词修饰名词man，故填influential。
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alan打算今年春节与父母一起来中国旅游，想听听你的建议，请给Alan写封邮件，内容包括：
1．旅游路线；
2．出行方式；
3．了解中国。
注意：
1．写作词数应为 80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Alan,
I’m excited to hear you’re planning to visit China with your parents during the Spring Festival. Here are some suggestions for you.
Firstly, I recommend starting in Beijing, where you can explore famous landmarks. After that, a visit to Shanghai would be great. As for transportation, I suggest taking domestic flights between cities as it will make your journey more convenient. To better understand China’s diverse culture, visiting museums would be beneficial.
If there is anything else you would like to know, please feel free to ask.
Best regards.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Alan写封邮件，向他介绍春节与父母一起来中国旅游的路线和出行方式。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴奋的：excited→thrilled
计划：plan→schedule
建议：suggestion→advice
有益处：be beneficial→be of benefit
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To better understand China’s diverse culture, visiting museums would be beneficial.
拓展句：In order that you can better understand China’s diverse culture, visiting museums would be beneficial.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, I recommend starting in Beijing, where you can explore famous landmarks.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If there is anything else you would like to know, please feel free to ask.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My writing career started when I was in elementary school, where there were various writing contests throughout the years. I’m assuming it was in the hopes of trying to get our young, little minds excited about the possibilities that writing could offer us in our lives. Then I’d come home, show my parents and my dad would say, “You did such a great job, honey! Wow, you must be a great writer!” I was probably a better writer in 5th grade than my average counterparts (同等的人) at the time. I even went to the special advanced classes for the “gifted” kids for a few years.
And as I grew older, I remembered those experiences and what my dad was always telling me, and it just stuck with me, and became part of my subconscious (潜意识) — that I was a great writer. I always did well in all my classes because I had this confidence. I didn’t like all subjects particularly. but I got good grades. I was pretty self-assured in my abilities as a student. Then, fast forward to my freshman year of high school. By this time, I had started to even out (相等) with the rest of my peers, in terms of intelligence. And then, it happened, the day that my hopes were destroyed.
It was all because of the new English teacher: Ms. Moon. The year started out like any other. I expected to do well; I worked hard and knew that my efforts would pay off, like it always had in the past. But something started happening. I started getting Cs on my papers! I don’t think I’d ever seen that letter, except in the spelling of my first name. And, not only was I getting low grades in her class, but also her comments made me astonished. My papers were full of red marks, and I was being asked to re-do many assignments to even get a passing grade.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
One day, Ms. Moon handed my paper to me and whispered, “It’s still not good enough.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My efforts paid off and very soon it was time for my final exam result.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
One day, Ms. Moon handed my paper to me and whispered, “It’s still not good enough.” I stared at Ms. Moon in disbelief, her words crashing over me like a tidal wave. My confidence began to crumble, and it was as if all those years of praise and encouragement from my dad had been a lie. Unable to confront Ms. Moon, I slumped back to my seat. My mind was clouded with self-doubt. With the approaching final exam, I knew I had to pull myself together and stick to it persistently, for the sake of proving to myself that I could face this challenge.
My efforts paid off and very soon it was time for my final exam result. When I nervously waited for my result, I became lost in thought. Finally, Ms. Moon handed me my exam paper, and her expression was unreadable. What amazed me was that the paper was filled with praise. Ms. Moon smiled and said, “That was beyond my expectations. Well done.” A mixture of confusion and relief flooded over me. From that day on, I changed my attitude toward her. Although she may have been the “worst” English teacher in my eyes, I now know that her tough love was exactly what I needed.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从小接受父亲的鼓励，认为自己是伟大的家。结果上了高中，老师却说作者的作文不够好，这打击了作者。作者信心开始崩溃，似乎父亲多年来的表扬和鼓励都是一个谎言。作者虽然心中充满了自我怀疑，但还是振作了起来，最终得到了老师的认可。
【详解】段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天，Moon老师把我的试卷递给我，小声说：“还是不够好。””可知，第一段可描写作者听到老师评价的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“我的努力得到了回报，很快就到了公布期末考试成绩的时候了。”可知，第二段可描写作者期末的表现以及老师的评价。
续写线索：评价不够好——作者自我怀疑——振作——期末考试成绩公布——得到认可——作者感悟
词汇激活
行为类
①面对：confront/face
②充满：be clouded with/be filled with
③淹没：flood over/overwhelm
情绪类
①怀疑：disbelief/suspicion
②赞美：praise/compliment
【点睛】【高分句型1】My confidence began to crumble, and it was as if all those years of praise and encouragement from my dad had been a lie.（运用了as if引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】When I nervously waited for my result, I became lost in thought. （运用了when引导时间状语从句）2023～2024学年(上)高二期末质量监测
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：
1．本试卷共10页，包含听力(共30分)、阅读(共50分)、语言运用(共30分)、写作(共40分)四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。
3．作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Which part of the house has been repaired
A．The walls. B．The roof. C．The doors.
2．What’s the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Librarian and student.
3．What time is it
A．9:10. B．9:00. C．8:50.
4．What problem does the woman have
A She can’t read messages.
B She can’t fall asleep at night.
C．She is addicted to her phone.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Their age. B．The man’s hairstyle. C．The woman’s colleagues.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At school. B．At a shop. C．At home.
7．What will the boy do next
A．Check his bike. B．Buy a pen. C．Review his notes.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why is the man surprised by the meal
A．It was very hot. B．It tasted very good. C．It was very expensive.
9．How many times has the woman been to Italy
A．One. B．Two. C．Six.
10．What are the speakers going to do next
A．Book travel to Italy. B．Go to a bar for a drink. C．Go to an Italian restaurant.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where are the speakers going now
A．To a hotel. B．To a park. C．To a museum.
12．What do we know about the speakers
A．They are locals B．They are tourists. C．They are on a business trip.
13．How does the woman feel
A．Tired. B．Upset. C．Hungry.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．Why was the new piece of furniture so cheap
A．It was very dirty. B．All the legs were weak. C．The back had a small problem.
15．What color is the old sofa
A．Green. B．White. C．Yellow.
16．What does the man say about the woman
A．She often makes things dirty.
B．She dislikes the color white.
C．She always finds cheap goods.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the purpose of the experiment
A．To stop diseases spreading.
B．To kill the male mosquitoes.
C．To introduce a new mosquito.
18．What were the environmental groups worried about
A．Too many mosquitoes will die.
B．Mosquitoes may resist chemicals.
C．Male mosquitoes will bite humans.
19．What is known about mosquitoes
A．Only females spread disease.
B．The males need human blood.
C．The females feed only on plants.
20．What could benefit most if the experiment is successful
A．The environment. B．The economy. C．Human health.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’re searching for a vacation spot that hits both your fix for city life and access to nature, Seattle is the perfect place to visit. Located in Washington, it’s home to some of the most beautiful natural landscapes in the country.
Space Needle
You’ll get the opportunity to climb to a few levels of the observation tower and admire the impressive views of the Mississippi River and the mountains. You’ll also be able to visit the Loupe Lounge to enjoy a circling glass floor experience and seat on a Skyriser — an angled glass bench on the open-air observation deck.
Underground History Tour
This one-hour, small-group tour will take you into the fascinating world beneath Seattle’s streets. You’ll travel along the underground pathways constructed over a century ago and learn details about Seattle’s early history from your knowledgeable guide. You’ll hear stories of the Klondike Gold Rush, Skid Row and the area’s original inhabitants (居民).
Seattle Harbor Cruise
On this guided cruise, you’ll get a chance to admire the sweeping views of the Olympic Mountains and learn more about the history of the city. You’ll head to Puget Sound to see a variety of wildlife in the inland body of water. The cruise comes with a full-service bar aboard where you can purchase cocktails, local wine, beer, snacks and much more while relaxing on the tour.
Museum of Flight
You can explore the fascinating exhibits of the Museum of Flight. Inside, you’ll find 175 aircraft and spacecraft, thousands of artefacts and rare photographs. You’ll learn about the history of flight from humble beginnings to the fighter planes of World War I and II. You can even step aboard a Boeing plan and view a space shuttle in the Aviation Pavilion.
1. Which place will help you learn about space adventure
A. Space Needle. B. Underground History Tour.
C. Museum of Flight. D. Seattle Harbor Cruise.
2. What can visitors do on Seattle Harbor Cruise
A. Overlook from the Olympic Mountains. B. Enjoy various kinds of food and drink.
C. See a variety of wildlife in deep oceans. D. Admire splendid views of the Mississippi.
3. What can you get in all the four tourist spots
A. Mental relaxation. B. Historical knowledge. C. A free guide. D. A flying experience.
B
For Cruz who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across rough hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, drops of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. One day, he and his father built a canal system with the leaves to collect water. He moved to Lima at the age of 25.
Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger, better-adapted scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. The nonprofit provided the materials for free, and the community built the infrastructure (基础设施) themselves.
At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that is like a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink (after being filtered at home) or to irrigate crops on small garden patches.
Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. German researcher Lummerich says “They are cheap, easy to construct. In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important approach that can make an essential difference locally. It could make the difference between having water and not having water available.” There are some issues, however. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere.
4. Why did Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005
A. To raise money for the poorest residents. B. To construct the infrastructure for the city.
C. To build a canal system for his hometown. D. To offer water to people who need it badly.
5. What does the underlined word “deploy” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Employ. B. Abandon. C. Design. D. Explore.
6. What is the problem with fog catchers in urban areas
A. High expenses. B. Public opposition. C. Technical faults. D. Space limitation.
7. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text
A. A practical application of fog catchers in cities B. The development of a climate organization
C. A creative method of improving water supply D. The importance of infrastructure construction
C
How often in your busy life when faced with an issue or a problem do you consider subtraction (减法)
Every day, with big and small challenges, we ignore a basic way to make things better. We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don’t delete the outdated ones.
Do your resolutions more often start with “I should do more of…” than with “I should do less of…” Do you add new rules in your household or workplace more often than you take rules away In our striving to improve our lives, our work and our society, we overwhelmingly add.
Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. The valid subtraction solution produced a stronger outcome.
Why do we ignore the option to subtract from what is already there Why do we fail to use subtraction as a way to change things
Firstly, behavioural science suggests that our brains are wired to ignore subtraction. Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. We are tricked by our mindset.
Further, we have a tendency to think addition or subtraction; however, they can be complementary (互补的) ways to make changes.
So we ignore subtraction because it is often harder to think of. Moreover, even when we do manage to think of it, subtracting can be harder to perform.
In chemistry, valency (化合价) refers to an elemental force that is not necessarily visible but helps explain the elements’ behaviour. Psychological valency is the inner attractiveness or strong dislike of something. There is a negative valency around subtracting. Even the word subtraction has a negative valency.
Subtraction is the act of getting to less but it is not the same as doing less. Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful!
8. What do people usually do when faced with problems in life
A. Adopt subtraction. B. Stop doing things.
C. Add new rules. D. Abandon outdated ideas.
9. How did the author prove his viewpoint
A. By comparing examples. B. By conducting a survey.
C. By analyzing statistics. D. By citing a typical test.
10. What causes people to ignore the option of subtraction
A. Initial fixed mindset. B. Resistance to change.
C Flexible mental desire. D. Expectation for success.
11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. State possible reasons. B. Offer valuable advice.
C. Give some warnings. D. Provide useful proof.
D
Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have reasons to stay deep under the ocean. Soldiers in submarines travel long distances panies looking for oil and other resources stay underwater, too. Humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel
Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a man ta ray would be able to operate for long periods at sea as if it were a living organism. Manta rays, a type of cartilaginous (软骨的) fish, can grow up to 29 feet long, which are found throughout the world in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters. Manta rays are some of the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water in order to swim, the manta ray swims by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍). Efficiency means using less energy to move farther and causing less pollution.
Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took x-rays to find out how a manta ray’s fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage, which is the same kind of material that your ears and nose are made from, stretches across each fin.
Once the engineers knew how a manta ray’s fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray’s web of cartilage, acting like your finger, which can bend as one long line, or bend in many places to make a curve. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray’s fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.
Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people. For now, engineers study their movement and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean.
12. Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph
A. To lead to the main topic. B. To ask for a correct answer.
C. To suggest exploring the sea. D. To summarize people’s views.
13. What can we learn about a manta ray
A. It can grow at least 29 feet long. B. It swims with much less energy.
C. It can inhabit all kinds of waters. D. It swims by pushing against water.
14. What can we infer from the research
A. The engineers failed to build a man ta ray’s fin. B. Artificial “manta rays” remain to be improved.
C. The experiments were carried out in the ocean. D. Vehicles like manta rays have been put into use.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the project
A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Optimistic.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The journey towards self-improvement and personal success is often paved with challenges and obstacles. ____16____ The power of mindset extends beyond mere positive thinking. It shapes your attitudes and actions, thereby shaping your destiny.
Mindset rests on a fundamental principle: your inner beliefs and thoughts can form your reality. ____17____ It is also about how an optimistic mindset fosters (培养) improved decision-making, heightened problem-solving abilities, and stronger resilience against challenges.
Factors like talent and hard work are often highlighted in professional success. ____18____ Consider a physical therapist, who may encounter limitations in their effectiveness due to a negative or fixed mindset despite possessing the necessary skills and knowledge. This situation underlines how a growth mindset is essential.
____19____ It is a game-changer in personal and professional development. It is centered around the belief that abilities and intelligence are not fixed traits but can be cultivated through effort, learning, and perseverance.
To make full use of the potential of your mindset, it is crucial to confront and overcome limiting beliefs. You may never realize it. ____20____
A. This isn’t merely hopeful thinking.
B. Effort and ability can equal a positive mindset.
C. The growth mindset means continuous improvement.
D. In fact, mindset emerges as an equally critical element.
E. Such beliefs can act as invisible barriers to your success.
F. Mindset plays an important role in building good relationship.
G. However, a crucial element that influences this journey is the mindset.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“I’ve met an old lady,” I eagerly told my parents on one of our daily phone. I volunteered to start a knitting club at a care home for the ____21____ in north London. I didn’t realize it would be the start of a close ____22____, where our ages ____23____ sharply.
From the beginning, I never felt that Edith and I lacked ____24____. I was amazed that Edith, at 110, could talk with me about anything, and that her ____25____ stretched back so easily, ____26____ even small things that took place 100 years ago.
When I first met Edith, I was ____27____ by her intelligence and vitality. Her doctor’s degree from the University of Vienna told me about this. As a child, she loved to skate on the lake in winters, but in her later years she adored the summer, ____28____ her physical conditions. Although from her nineties, she was ____29____ to a wheelchair, she participated in the exercise classes.
Over the years of visiting Edith, I understood how Edith valued the ____30____ of people above everything else and material possessions, which was a reminder of how we should ____31____ our lives.
Death at 111 is not unexpected, but I still feel that something is ____32____ from my life. I feel very fortunate to have formed such a ____33____ bond with a remarkable lady, from whom I learn to take the words of ____34____. I appreciate nothing more than the opportunity to regain new ____35____ into life.
21.
A. lonely B. elderly C. disabled D. deserted
22.
A. friendship B. cooperation C. encounter D. competition
23.
A. switched B. contracted C. contrasted D. identified
24.
A. adaptation B. commitment C. conversation D. attention
25.
A. memory B. organ C. anxiety D. manner
26.
A. explaining B. recalling C. forgetting D. expecting
27.
A. confused B. urged C. denied D. struck
28.
A. calling on B. allowing for C. sorting out D. beating down
29.
A. devoted B. admitted C. restricted D. addicted
30.
A. company B. discipline C. resolution D. departure
31.
A. follow B. tackle C. restore D. engage
32.
A. arising B. ranging C. missing D. suffering
33.
A. racial B. diverse C. visible D. special
34.
A. complaint B. praise C. gratitude D. wisdom
35.
A. insights B. comparison C. investment D. remarks
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For those looking to escape the concrete jungle, maybe it’s time to dive into the bamboo forests of southern Sichuan.
A natural forest that people in Sichuan province tend ____36____(visit) is the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea in Yibin. The 120-square-kilometer Bamboo Sea is the ____37____ (large) bamboo park in China and its average temperature seldom drops below zero degrees Celsius in winter ____38____ many parts of the country are covered with snow and ice.
Known as one of the country’s 10 most beautiful forests, it ____39____(be) a popular tourist attraction since the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon ____40____(shoot), there in 2001.
Two years later, the bamboo forest received world-wide ____41____(recognize) as a bamboo reserve in December 2003, ____42____(become) the fourth tourism destination in China to be granted Green Globe 21 certification.
The Bamboo Sea covers Changning and Jiang’an, two counties ____43____ the authority of Yibin. Amazed at its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian, ____44____ poet from the Song Dynasty, described it as “bamboo waves”. As Huang was an ____45____(influence) man of letters, his description gave rise to the forest’s popular nickname—the Bamboo Sea.
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alan打算今年春节与父母一起来中国旅游，想听听你的建议，请给Alan写封邮件，内容包括：
1．旅游路线；
2．出行方式；
3．了解中国。
注意：
1．写作词数应 80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My writing career started when I was in elementary school, where there were various writing contests throughout the years. I’m assuming it was in the hopes of trying to get our young, little minds excited about the possibilities that writing could offer us in our lives. Then I’d come home, show my parents and my dad would say, “You did such a great job, honey! Wow, you must be a great writer!” I was probably a better writer in 5th grade than my average counterparts (同等的人) at the time. I even went to the special advanced classes for the “gifted” kids for a few years.
And as I grew older, I remembered those experiences and what my dad was always telling me, and it just stuck with me, and became part of my subconscious (潜意识) — that I was a great writer. I always did well in all my classes because I had this confidence. I didn’t like all subjects particularly. but I got good grades. I was pretty self-assured in my abilities as a student. Then, fast forward to my freshman year of high school. By this time, I had started to even out (相等) with the rest of my peers, in terms of intelligence. And then, it happened, the day that my hopes were destroyed.
It was all because of the new English teacher: Ms. Moon. The year started out like any other. I expected to do well; I worked hard and knew that my efforts would pay off, like it always had in the past. But something started happening. I started getting Cs on my papers! I don’t think I’d ever seen that letter, except in the spelling of my first name. And, not only was I getting low grades in her class, but also her comments made me astonished. My papers were full of red marks, and I was being asked to re-do many assignments to even get a passing grade.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, Ms. Moon handed my paper to me and whispered, “It’s still not good enough.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My efforts paid off and very soon it was time for my final exam result.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
