(共29张PPT)
Unit2 Travelling
第三课时 Grammar
Content
Learning objectives
01
Lead-in
02
Presentation
03
Practice
04
Summary
05
Homework
06
目录
Learning objectives
After learning this lesson, you can:
1. Distinguish “have/has been ” and “have/has gone”;
2. Use “for ” and “since ” correctly to express a period of time in the present perfect tense;
3. Use proper verbs to show a continuous state in the present perfect tense.
Lead in
Have you flown in a plane
Eddie has been to South Hill many times.
have/has been to
表示曾经去过某地，人已回来。
My uncle has been to the US for three times.
have/has been to
have/has gone to
表示去某地了，人未回来。
Where’s your mother
She has gone to the supermarket near our home.
have/has gone to
have/has been in
表示表示在某地待了一段时间。
My uncle has been in the US for three days.
have/has been in
there, here, home, abroad是常见地点副词，此类词前不能用介词连接
has gone
have been
has been
have gone
has gone
A1
have / has gone to …
A
B
A
B
Work out the rule!
express that someone went to a place and has already come back. It refers to an experience.
+ once/twice/before…
express the idea that someone went to a place but has not yet returned.
+ a period of time
have / has been to …
have / has been in …
express that someone was in a place for some time but now still stays there.
A
B
have been to +sp. 去过某地（表示经历）
have gone to +sp. 去了某地（还没回来）
have been in +sp. 待在某地（一段时间）
ever, never, before, once, twice
主语为第三人称
for, since, how long
Where is Kitty She ______________ Hong Kong with her parents.
They ____________ Hong Kong for two days.
They _________ never ___________ Hong Kong Disneyland before.
has gone to
have been in
have been to
1. —Where is Mr Wang
— He together with his students ________ Xuanwu Lake Park.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been
2. — What age did you leave home
— I left home at 18, Neil. I _________ your city for five years.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have come to
has gone
has gone
Have been
have been
Have been
have been
have gone
你最近去过哪儿吗？
Kitty
Kitty has gone to Hong Kong.
Kitty has gone to Hong Kong for two days.
during the two days
be in HK
Kitty has been in Hong Kong for two days.
Kitty
Kitty has bought the key rings.
Kitty has bought the key rings since two hours ago.
for two hours
have the key rings
Kitty has had the key rings since two hours ago.
for: + 段时间
for a year, for two weeks, for three years...
Since +点时间
过去的时间点, since last week, since 2008…
一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago…
一般过去时的时间状语从句：since he moved here, since I was born…
for & since
当句子带有for/since短语（从句）时，主句用现在完成时，且动词为延续性动词。
短暂性动词(come, go, leave, buy …)可以用于现在完成时。但不能用于带有for/since的肯定句中。
for & since
He has left Beijing for a week.
He has not left Beijing yet.
He has been away from Beijing for a week.
He has bought a car since 2007.
He has not bought any new car since 2007.
He has had a car since 2007.
×
√
for & since
×
√
√
√
电影已经开始了。
The film has begun.
电影已经开始30分钟了。
He for 30 minutes.
since 30 minutes ago.
has
begin
短暂性动词
→
be on
延续性动词
been on
短暂性动词→延续性动词
Verb Used for a continuous state
begin / start have/has been on
finish / stop have/has been over
come / go / arrive have/has been in/at
leave have/has been away
borrow have/has kept
join have/has been in
have/has been a member of
marry have/has been married
die have/has been dead
与for 或since等表示的时间段连用
短暂性动词→延续性动词
arrived
have been
borrowed
have gone
have kept
began
has been
More about Kitty’s trip
Practice
1．My parents ___________(be) to Beijing many times.
2．Lucy ___________ (go) to Shanghai. She’ll be back in a week.
3．I ______________ (become) much better at speaking English since I started junior high school.
4．—How long ________ the Wangs ________ (stay) here
—For two weeks.
5．All the flowers near the river have been ________ (die) because of water pollution.
have been
has gone
have become
stayed
have
dead
用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．我哥哥去加拿大了。我不知道他将何时回来。
My brother _______ _______ _______ Canada. I don’t know when he’ll be back.
12．她去过印度许多次了。
She ________ ________ ________ India several times.
13．我已经在上海工作三年了。
I _______ _______ in Shanghai _______ three years.
14．自从三年前我妈妈一直在国外工作。
My mother has ________ ________ ________ three years ago.
15．这场电影已经开始十分钟了。
The film ________ ________ ________for ten minutes.
has gone to
has been to
have worked
for
改写句子
worked abroad since
has been on
根据中文提示完成句子。
1. — 你去过长城吗？ — 去过，我去年去的。
— _______ you _______ _______ the Great Wall
— Yes, I ______. I ________ there last year.
2. 这家书店开了六年了。
The bookstore ________ ________ ________ ________ six years.
3. 李雷买这辆自行车有两年了。
Li Lei ________ _________ the bicycle for two years.
4. 电影已经开始十分钟了。
The film _______ ________ ________ for ten minutes.
5. 他三岁时他爷爷就去世了。
His grandfather _______ when he was three years old.
His grandfather _______ _______ ______ _______ he was three years old.
6. 我收到他的信已有一个星期，但我还没有回信给他。
I ______ ______ his letter for a week but I _______ ________ back to him yet.
Have been to
have went
has been open for
has had
has been on
died
has been dead since
have had
haven’t written
Summary
have/has been to 表示当事人曾经去过某地。
have/has been in 强调当事人在某地待了一段时间。
have/has gone to 说话时当事人去了某地但尚未回来。
for + a period of time
since + a time point in the past
短暂性动词
延续性动词
Homework
谢谢
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学习任务单
课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit2 Travelling Grammar
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
1.知识目标：学习词汇：sand, countryside, over, marry, dead学习词组：on the first day of, Ocean Park, dolphin show学习句子：Millie and Amy have been to South Hill . Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong.I see Andy playing on the sand too.Mr Dong has lived here for many years.Mr Dong has lived her since he was born. 2. 技能目标：1) 区别运用have/has been 和have/has gone.2) 学习现在完成时延续性的动作或状态的表示方法。 3) 理解非延续性动词和延续性动词的不同用法，以及他们之间的转换。3. 情感目标：学会使用恰当规范的语言。在与他人对话中学会准确表达自己的思想。
课前学习任务
1.词汇会认会读：sand, over, marry, dead, on the first day of, Ocean Park, dolphin show 2.掌握现在完成时态的基本用法
课上学习任务
(1)学会正确使用have/has been和have/has gone；(2)学会正确区分短暂性动词和延续性动词，会根据不同的语境正确使用短暂性动词和延续性动词，学会短暂性动词在与for和since连用时的变化形式。 （3）了解城市变迁，培养学生热爱生活，感恩社会的情感
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课后练习课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit2 Travelling Grammar
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
1.知识目标：学习词汇：sand, countryside, over, marry, dead学习词组：on the first day of, Ocean Park, dolphin show学习句子：Millie and Amy have been to South Hill . Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong.I see Andy playing on the sand too.Mr Dong has lived here for many years.Mr Dong has lived her since he was born. 2. 技能目标：1) 区别运用have/has been 和have/has gone.2) 学习现在完成时延续性的动作或状态的表示方法。 3) 理解非延续性动词和延续性动词的不同用法，以及他们之间的转换。3. 情感目标：学会使用恰当规范的语言。在与他人对话中学会准确表达自己的思想。
课后练习
一、单词拼写1．—Where is Tom —He (go) to London. He will come back in two days.2．Harry’s friend (be) to Water World before.3．Miss Li isn’t here. She (go) to the library.4．Nobody except Tom and Millie (be) that park before.5．—How long the twins this school —Nearly two years.6．Her sister （go）to China. She （leave）this morning.7．—How many times you (be) here —Once.8．— Where is Mr. Wang — He (go) to Shanghai and he (come) back in two days.9．My parents (be) to Beijing many times.10．Jim isn't here. He to the library. He there an hour ago.(go)二、单项选择11．Mr. Green likes travelling and he ________ lots of places of interest all over the world.A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has been12．—I can’t find Betty now.—Oh, she with her friends ________ the park to have a picnic.A．has been to B．have gone to C．has gone to D．have been to13．Mr. Li is not at home. He ________ to Hainan for a holiday.A．has been B．went C．has gone14．—I ________ to Changsha with my close friends.—Really When ________ you go there A．will go; did B．have gone; do C．have been; did15．—Have you ever _________ any other country before —Yes. I _________ Australia last year. I’ve stayed there for two weeks.A．been to; gone to B．been to; went toC．gone to; been to D．gone to; went to16．—Where is your mother, Kim —She ________ Hangzhou. She’ll come back this weekend.A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．has been to17．—Where have you ________ these days —I have ________ to Dalian with my family.A．been; gone B．been; been C．gone; been D．gone; gone18．As an exchange student, Alan ________ Shijiazhuang for one and a half years.A．has been to B．has been in C．has gone to D．has been19．—Mr. Liu, have you ever ________ abroad —Yes, I’ve ________ Singapore once.A．been; been to B．gone; been in C．been; gone to20．—Do you know the new cinema in our town —I ________ there twice. It has the most comfortable seat of all.A．have been to B．had gone to C．have been D．has been in三、完成句子21．艾丽斯已经去图书馆了吗？ Alice the library yet 22．他去过广州很多次。He to Guangzhou many times.23．迄今为止，他们还没有去过澳大利亚。 , they haven’t to Australia.24．我还没有去过长城。 （词数不限）I the Great Wall .25．我还没去过长城。I the Great Wall.26．My brother went to Beijing, but maybe he is on the way there now. (改为同义句)My brother Beijing.27．I have been to Hainan. (改为否定句)I to Hainan.28．——你到北京多久了？——三天多了。—How long Beijing —More than three days.29．结婚以来，他们已经去过很多名胜古迹了。They many places of interest .30．——你去过科技博物馆多少次了？——五次。— the Science and Technology Museum —Five times.四、完型填空从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。Last summer, I went to Yunnan on vacation. Let me tell you about my trip there. Yunnan is in the south of our country. It is really a very beautiful place with high mountains, clean rivers and friendly people. Trees and flowers are 31 . Every year, a lot of 32 spend their holidays in Yunnan. On the 33 day, I visited the Stone Forest (石林). There are different kinds of stones. Of all the stones, the stone which 34 a beautiful girl named Ashima is the most famous. I took a lot of photos that day. I went to Lijiang on the second day. A river runs 35 the whole town. The river can help you know 36 you are and how to get to different places. If you don’t go along the river, 37 you will get lost. I really enjoyed walking around the town. There I saw many buildings. Some of them are new, but some of them are very old. I 38 what life was like there in the past. On the third day, I went to Kunming Zoo. In the zoo, I saw some cute animals, such as elephants, monkeys and peacocks (孔雀). In the evening, I tried Yunnan Cross-Bridge Rice Noodles for dinner. They were really 39 ! I liked them very much. Do you want to pay a visit to Yunnan If you need more 40 , please e-mail me at 44893672@.31．A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere32．A．doctors B．writers C．visitors D．drivers33．A．first B．second C．next D．last34．A．looks after B．looks like C．looks at D．looks for35．A．through B．on C．at D．to36．A．who B．where C．what D．how37．A．maybe B．hardly C．almost D．already38．A．refused B．mixed C．wondered D．solved39．A．delicious B．expensive C．boring D．relaxing40．A．money B．paper C．service D．information五、阅读理解ATibet (西藏) is among the most popular places for Chinese tourists. The number of travellers of Tibet has grown by 10% every year for a few years. Since July 1st, 2006, when the first train ran1.956 kilometres from Xining to Lhasa, more and more people have been to Tibet.The train stops at several famous places along the way, such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountain, and the Potala Palace. Passengers can also enjoy many activities during the journey, like Tibetan dancing and Karaoke.On the train, passengers can have tea, eggs and noodles for breakfast, and fried chicken and green vegetables for lunch and dinner. Unlike most other Chinese trains which have open-hole toilets, this one has special toilets which can collect the waste. There is also a special rubbish system (系统) in the train that keeps the environment clean. All the windows on the train can protect people from the bright sunlight. TV and electrical sockets (插座) for computers and mobile phones can be found on the train.Because there isn’t much oxygen there, trains will have oxygen masks for those who need them. It makes passengers feel more comfortable when they have enough oxygen on the famous “roof of the world”. There are also doctors on the train to make sure that all of the travellers are safe.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。41．On July 1st, 2006, the first train ran from ________ to Lhasa.A．Qinghai Lake B．Xining C．Kunlun Mountain42．The ________ on the train can collect the waste.A．windows B．toilets C．sockets43．The underlined words “oxygen masks” mean “________” in Chinese.A．氧气面罩 B．饮水机 C．果皮箱44．We can learn from the passage that ________.A．flying to Tibet is impossibleB．taking a train to Lhasa causes a lot of troubleC．the train trip to Tibet is popular with travellers45．What’s the best title for the passage A．Tibet-Roof of the Worl B．Beautiful Views in Tibet C．Magic Train to Magic TibetBHiking (徒步) is good for students. They can be free from school and their homework. They can also enjoy beautiful nature, play with friends or family and so on. If you want to go for a hike, the following points are useful to you.First, the weather must be fine. Fine weather is the most important for a happy hike. If the weather is fine, you can do many things, like riding horses, riding a bike and swimming in the river.Second, go with the people you like. If you go hiking with the people you don’t like, you won’t have a great time. So, find the person who has the same interest as you.Third, find the right place. Different people have different ideas about the places. For me, I’d like to go to the beach for a hike. I like to walk along the beach, listen to the sound of the sea and watch children playing.Lastly, prepare well before going hiking. To have a nice hike, you must have comfortable shoes, enough water and some food.46．Why is hiking good for children from the passage A．Because they can make more friends.B．Because they can learn more things.C．Because they can enjoy beautiful nature.47．How many suggestions does the writer give for a hike A．Five. B．Four. C．Three.48．What’s the most important for a happy hike A．Weather. B．Friends. C．Places.49．Which of the followings is NOT TRUE ________.A．if you go hiking with the people you don’t like, you’ll have a great time.B．you can do many things during a hikeC．you should prepare well before hiking50．What’s the right structure (结构) of the passage (①=Paragraph 1)A． B． C．六、选词填空clear, be, they, one, family, improve, speak, tradition, photo, duringLast summer holiday, I had a short visit to Britain. It was an excellent trip. I learned a lot from it. This was my 51 time to travel in a foreign country. I went there by plane. I got a little afraid on the plane. Because I am not good at 52 English. I was afraid that I couldn’t understand others and couldn’t talk with others 53 . A host family met me once I reached Britain. I lived with the host family for two weeks. However, my worries didn’t appear because my host family 54 so lovely and kind. They always cared about me warmly. They always asked me to eat with 55 . And I also cooked some of our 56 food. My host 57 kindness（善良） taught me that cultural differenees couldn’t stop friendship. 58 my visit to London, we went to the central part of the city. We walked over the Millennium Bridge (千禧桥), enjoyed the water ways and took many 59 . We spent some time happily. The trip was helpful to 60 my English. It was also a way to learn the culture of another country and spread (传播) our culture to others. The travel was wonderful for me. I hope to go there again.参考答案：1．has gone【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪儿？——他去伦敦了。他两天后回来。根据“He will come back in two days.”可知，汤姆不在此处，用现在完成时have/has gone to表示去了某地，人还没回来，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has gone。2．has been【详解】句意：哈里的朋友以前从未去过水世界。根据before“以前”可知，这里指“从未去过水世界”，现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词。主语friend单数，用has。be的过去分词是been。故填has been。3．has gone【详解】句意：李老师不在这里。她去图书馆了。根据“Miss Li isn’t here”可知，李老师去图书馆了，have gone to“去了（未回）”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has gone。4．has been to【详解】句意：除了汤姆和米莉没人以前去过那个公园。根据“before”可知，从过去至今为止，时态为现在完成时。主语“Nobody”为三单，所以应是has been to意为“去过某地”。故填has been to。5． have been in【详解】句意：——这对双胞胎在这所学校多久了？——接近两年了。根据“Nearly two years.”及“this school”可知，问句用现在完成时have/has been in+地点“待在某个地方多久了”，主语the twins为复数，助动词用have。故填have；been in。6． has gone left【详解】句意：她姐姐去了中国。她今天早上离开了。go“去”，分析句子可知，此处是表示“去了未回”，应用have gone to，主语是单数，助动词用has；leave“离开”，动词，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填has gone；left。7． have been【详解】句意：——你来过这里多少次？——一次。根据“How many times”可知问到目前为止来过多少次，用现在完成时，用have been表示“去过某地已经回来”，主语“you”前用助动词have。故填have；been。8． has gone will come【详解】句意：——王先生在哪里？——他去了上海，两天后回来。根据情境可知，第一空表示王先生已经去了上海，应该使用现在完成时，主语为“he”是单数，所以第一空填“has gone”；根据“in two days”可知，第二空应该使用一般将来时，所以第二空应该填“will come”。故填：has gone；will come。9．have been【详解】句意：我父母去过北京很多次了。根据“many times”可知，此句用现在完成时，have/has been to“去过某地”，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have been。10． has gone went【详解】句意：吉姆不在这里。他去了图书馆。一个小时之前他去那里了。根据“Jim isn't here”可知表达“去了图书馆，现在不在这里”，用现在完成时“have/has done”的结构。“he”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用“has gone”。根据“an hour ago”可知表达过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式“went”。故填has gone; went。11．B【详解】句意：格林先生喜欢旅游，他去过世界上许多名胜古迹。考查现在完成时。have gone to去了（未回）；have been to去过（已回）；have been in在某地待一段时间。根据题干“lots of places of interest all over the world”可知，格林先生去过世界上许多名胜古迹，应用has been to。故选B。12．C【详解】句意：——我现在找不到贝蒂。——哦，她和朋友去公园野炊了。考查现在完成时态的have gone to和have been to。has been to主语是三单，表示去过；have gone to主语是复数或第二人称，表示已去，未回；has gone to主语是三单，表示已去，未回；have been to主语是复数或第二人称，表示去过。根据“I can’t find Betty now.”可知，人不在这，所以排除AD，由于主语是she，所以排除B。故选C。13．C【详解】句意：李先生不在家。他已经去海南度假。考查现在完成时态的have gone to。has been去过，去且回来了；went一般过去时态；has gone去未回，已经去了。根据“Mr. Li is not at home.”可知，强调去未回。故选C。14．C【详解】句意：——我和我的好朋友去过长沙。——真的？你们什么时候去的？考查时态用法。will go去，一般将来时；have gone去了某地（还未回来）；have been去过某地（已回说话地）；do助动词，动词原形；did过去式。根据“When...you go there ”可知，对话双方在同一地方，排除B；A选项上句用一般将来时，下句提问也应用将来时，时态使用错误，排除A。故选C。15．B【详解】句意：——你以前去过其他国家吗？ ——对。我去年去了澳大利亚。我在那里待了两个星期。考查动词时态。has gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场；has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，说话人已经回来了；went to去过，一般过去。根据“Have you ever”可知第一空询问是否曾去过其他国家，应用have been to结构，排除C和D；根据“last year”可知第二空用一般过去时，排除选项C，故选B。16．B【详解】句意：——金，你妈妈在哪里？——她去了杭州。她这个周末会回来。考查动词时态。根据空后的“She’ll come back this weekend.”可知，金的妈妈去了杭州还没有回来，所以B项正确。故选B。17．B【详解】句意：——这些天你去了哪里？——我和家人去了大连。考查动词辨析。have gone（to） 去了（ 未归）；have been（to） 去过（已归）。根据语境可知，此对话发生在对方已回来的情况，故两空都为have been to。故选B。18．B【详解】句意：作为一名交换生，Alan在石家庄已经有一年半了。考查现在完成时。has been to曾经去过某地，已回；has been in去了某地，强调时长；has gone to去了某地，未回。根据“for one and a half years.”可知动词是持续性的，用have been in表示在石家庄一年半了，故选B。19．A【详解】句意：——刘先生，你去过国外吗？ ——是的，我去过新加坡一次。考查动词时态辨析。have been to去过（已经回来），而have gone to表示“去了还未回来”。根据语境，第一空应为have been abroad，表曾经去过国外；第二个空，根据“Singapore once.”可知，去过新加坡一次，也用have been to。故选A。20．C【详解】句意：——你知道我们镇上那家新开的电影院吗？——我去过那里两次。它的座位是最舒适的。考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地已经回来；have gone to去过某地，还未回来；have been in已经待在某地一段时间。根据“I ... there twice.”可知是去过两次，已经回来，there是地点副词，前不用介词，此处用have been。故选C。21． Has gone to【详解】“去某地还未回来”用have/has gone to，主语为Alice，助动词用has，一般疑问句提到句首，故填Has；gone；to。22． has been【详解】“去过某地（已经回来）”have been to，主语“He”后接助动词has。故填has；been。23． So far been【详解】so far “到目前为止” ，haven’t been to “从未去过”；注意句首单词大写首字母，故填So；far；been。24． haven’t been to yet【详解】去过某地：have/has been to，主语是I，助动词用have，变否定句在助动词后加not；还：yet。故填haven’t been to；yet。25． haven’t been to【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语have been to+地点“去过某地”，have为助动词，在其后加not表示否定意义，缩写为haven’t，故填haven’t；been；to。26． has gone to【详解】句意：我的哥哥去了北京，但是也许他现在还在路上。根据句意可知说话者的哥哥去北京还没有回来，have gone to+地点，表示“去了某地还没回来”符合语境，而主语my brother为第三人称单数，故填has；gone；to。27． have not been【详解】句意：我去过海南。改为否定句时，在助动词have后加not，其他不变。故填have；not；been。28．have you been in【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是表达“在某地待一段时间”。have been in“在某地待一段时间”，you“你”。本句是疑问句，助动词have放于you前。故填have you been in。29． have been to since they got married【详解】“自……以来”为since，引导时间状语从句，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时；“去过某地”为have/has been to，主语为They，助动词用have；“结婚”为get married，get过去式为got，故填have been to；since they got married。30．How many times have you been to【详解】how many times“多少次”；根据“Five times”结合句意可知问句应是现在完成时。have been to“去过（已回）”；you“你”。故填How many times have you been to。31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．A 36．B 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．D【导语】本文主要讲述了作者去年夏天去云南旅行的事情。31．句意：到处都是树和花。somewhere某些地方；anywhere任何地方；nowhere没有地方；everywhere每个地方。根据“It is really a very beautiful place with high mountains, clean rivers and friendly people.”可知这里指云南是个美丽的地方，到处都是树和花。故选D。32．句意：每年，许多游客去云南度假。doctors医生；writers作家；visitors游客；drivers司机。根据“It is really a very beautiful place”可知这里指云南是个旅行胜地，每年有许多游客去度假。故选C。33．句意：第一天我参观了石林。first第一；second第二；next下一个；last最后的。根据后文“I went to Lijiang on the second day.”可知这里是指第一天。故选A。34．句意：所有的石头中，那个看起来像一个美丽的少女的名叫阿诗玛的石头是最著名的。looks after照顾；looks like看起来像；looks at看；looks for寻找。根据“the stone which...a beautiful girl”可知这里指这些不同形状的石头，其中有一块看起来像个美丽的少女。故选B。35．句意：一条河贯穿整个城市。through穿过；on在……上面；at在；to到。根据“A river runs...the whole town.”可知这条河流蜿蜒穿过整个城市。故选A。36．句意：这条河可以帮助你知道你在哪，如何到达不同的地方。who谁；where哪里；what什么；how怎样。根据“If you don’t go along the river...you will get lost”可知这条河能帮助你确定自己的位置。故选B。37．句意：如果你不沿着这条河走，你可能会迷路。maybe可能；hardly几乎不；almost几乎；already已经。根据“The river can help you know...you are”可知河流能帮助你清楚自己的位置，如果不沿着河走，可能会迷路。故选A。38．句意：我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样的。refused拒绝；mixed混合；wondered想知道；solved解决。根据“I really enjoyed walking around the town...some of them are very old.”可知作者喜欢沿着小镇走，这里指作者好奇这里的人的以前的生活。故选C。39．句意：它们真的很美味。delicious美味的；expensive昂贵的；boring无聊的；relaxing放松的。根据“I liked them very much.”可知作者很喜欢过桥米线，因此这里指它们很美味。故选A。40．句意：如果你需要更多的信息，请给我发电子邮件。money金钱；paper纸；service服务；information信息。根据“Do you want to pay a visit to...you need more”可知，作者的意思是，如果大家想要去云南，想要了解很更有关云南的信息的话，可以给他发电子邮件。故选D。41．B 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．C【导语】本文介绍了去西藏旅游近几年越来越受欢迎，并着重介绍通往西藏的列车的与众不同之处。41．细节理解题。根据“Since July 1st, 2006, when the first train ran1.956 kilometres from Xining to Lhasa, more and more people have been to Tibet.”可知在2006年7月1日，第一列火车从西宁开往拉萨。故选B。42．细节理解题。根据“Unlike most other Chinese trains which have open-hole toilets, this one has special toilets which can collect the waste.”可知这列火车上有专门的厕所，可以收集废物。故选B。43．词义猜测题。根据“Because there isn’t much oxygen there, trains will have oxygen masks for those who need them.”可知前文提到了没有多少氧气，因此划线短语是“氧气面罩”。故选A。44．细节理解题。根据“Since July 1st, 2006, when the first train ran1.956 kilometres from Xining to Lhasa, more and more people have been to Tibet.”可知去西藏的火车旅行很受旅客的欢迎。故选C。45．标题归纳题。通读全文，本文介绍了去西藏旅游近几年越来越受欢迎，并着重介绍通往西藏的列车的与众不同之处。因此“去往神奇西藏的神奇火车”为最佳标题。故选C。46．C 47．B 48．A 49．A 50．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何实现快乐徒步旅行的方法。46．细节理解题。根据“Hiking is good for students...They can also enjoy beautiful nature, play with friends or family and so on.”可知孩子们在徒步旅行中可以享受美丽的大自然，故选C。47．细节理解题。根据“First, the weather must be fine”“Second, go with the people you like.”“Third, find the right place.”和“Lastly, prepare well before going hiking”可知作者给了我们四条有关徒步旅行的建议，故选B。48．细节理解题。根据“Fine weather is the most important for a happy hike.”可知好天气对于徒步旅行是最重要的，故选A。49．细节理解题。根据“If you go hiking with the people you don’t like, you won’t have a great time.”如果你和你不喜欢的人去徒步旅行，你不会玩得开心，故选A。50．篇章结构题。根据文章可知第一段介绍徒步旅行的好处并总起下文，第二段至第五段分述实现快乐徒步旅行的方法，故选B。51．first 52．speaking 53．clearly 54．were 55．them 56．traditional 57．family’s 58．During 59．photos 60．improve【导语】本文主要讲述了作者暑假去英国旅游的经历。51．句意：这是我第一次到外国旅行。根据“I got a little afraid on the plane”及备选单词可知，此处表达第一次到国外旅行，one“一个”，基数词，空处应用序数词first表示第一次。故填first。52．句意：因为我不擅长说英语。根据“Because I am not good at...English.”及备选词汇可知，此处应表达说英语，speak English，be good at doing sth“擅长做某事”，为固定搭配，speak的现在分词为speaking。故填speaking。53． 句意：我害怕我不能理解别人，不能清楚地与别人交谈。根据上文“Because I am not good at speaking English.”及备选词汇可知，此处作者担心自己不能清楚地与别人交谈，clear“清楚的”，形容词，修饰动词talk应用副词形式。故填clearly。54．句意：然而，我的担心并没有出现，因为我的寄宿家庭是如此的可爱和善良。根据“because my host family...so lovely and kind.”可知，空处缺少谓语动词，空后是形容词，时态是一般过去时，主语family是指一家人，故谓语动词应用be动词were。故填were。55．句意：他们总是叫我和他们一起吃饭。根据“They always cared about me warmly.”可知，空处应表达经常叫我和他们一起吃饭，they“他们”，with后面用宾格形式them。故填them。56．句意：我还为他们做了一些我们的传统食物。根据“our...food”及备选词汇可知，空处应表达传统食物，tradition“传统”，空处修饰名词food应用形容词形式traditional。故填traditional。57．句意：我寄宿家庭的善良让我明白文化差异不能阻止友谊。根据“My host...kindness”及备选词汇可知，空处表达我寄宿家庭的善良，在谓语动词taught前面作主语，空处修饰名词kindness，用family的所有格形式family’s。故填family’s。58．句意：在我参观伦敦期间，我们去了市中心。根据“we went to the central part of the city”可知，是在我参观伦敦期间去了市中心，during“在……期间”，句首字母大写。故填During。59．句意：我们走过千禧桥，欣赏水路并拍了很多照片。根据“took many...”及备选词汇可知，空处应表达拍了很多照片，photo“照片”，可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填photos。60．句意：这次旅行有助于提高我的英语水平。根据“The trip was helpful to...my English.”及备选单词可知，空处表达提高英语水平，improve“提高”，be helpful to do sth“有助于做某事”，固定搭配，to后面加动词原形。故填improve。
基础过关
能力提升
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教学设计
课题 Grammar 单元 Unit2 Travelling 课型 语法课
使用教材 牛津译林 出版时间 2013 学科 英语 年级 八
教材分析 首先通过一段小视频、一些关于旅行的图片和前面Reading部分学过的内容，引出现在完成时have/has been的用法，然后逐渐讲解与have/has gone用法的区别，并通过一些练习进行巩固。再对完成时态中短暂性动词在与for和since连用时的变化形式加以讲解和区分。通过图片设置的情境进行讲解和区分，让学生会根据不同的语境正确使用短暂性动词和延续性动词，进而通过练习来巩固。
学习目标 1.知识目标掌握词汇：sand, over, marry, dead, on the first day of, Ocean Park, dolphin show 2.能力目标(1)学会正确使用have/has been和have/has gone；(2)学会正确区分短暂性动词和延续性动词，会根据不同的语境正确使用短暂性动词和延续性动词，学会短暂性动词在与for和since连用时的变化形式。 3.情感目标 了解城市变迁，培养学生热爱生活，感恩社会的情感。
重点 正确使用have/has been和have/has gone, 正确区分短暂性动词和延续性动词。
难点 会根据不同的语境正确使用短暂性动词和延续性动词，学会短暂性动词在与for和since连用时的变化形式。
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入（5分钟） 观看视频Have you flown in a plane 2.Show some pictures about travelling and give some sentences including “have/has been”. Eddie has been to South Hill many times. 【设计意图：教师通过视频引入，向学生输入目标语法：have/has been to。】
课前活动（10分钟） 1.Present have/has been to 2.Present have/has gone to3.Working out the rulesHelp the students find out the differences between the two sentence structures by observing the sentences.Step 4 Practice1. Finish Part A1 1.学习have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 的用法. Show the differences between “have/has been to” and “have/has been in”. have been to 已去了/曾去过……（已经回来了）have been in ...for... 在某地待了多长时间2.Show some sentences from Reading that include have/has gone to.Millie has gone to Hainan.3.practice 【设计意图：引导学生对比have/has gone to和have/has been to这两组例句，观察并总结两者差异。】
课中活动（15分钟） B Verbs with for and sinceStep 1 Presentation & observationPresent the usages of for and since by introducing the schedule.Step 2 Working out the rulesHelp the students find out the differences and rules.T: Can you find out the differences between for and since Great! We can add a time point in the past after “since” and use “for” when we talk about a period of time. 1.Kitty has been in Hong Kong for two days.2.Kitty has had the key rings since two hours ago. 【设计意图：引导学生观察语言现象，总结语法规律，发现两者差异。】
课后活动（15分钟） Step 1 PracticeFill in the blanksT: Use since or for to fill in the blanks.Step 2 Practice1. Fill the blanks with have/has been or have/has gone2. Finish the profile T: Please finish my best friend Betty’s profile. Pay attention to the verbs used in a continuous state.3. Complete the passageT: Kitty is telling Millie about her trip in Hong plete what she says with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 认真完成练习，查露补缺 【设计意图：1.操练并检查学生对for和since的掌握情况。【2.在句子、短文的语境中巩固延续性动词的用法。】
课堂总结 have/has been to 表示当事人曾经去过某地。have/has been in 强调当事人在某地待了一段时间。have/has gone to 说话时当事人去了某地但尚未回来。for + a period of timesince + a time point in the past短暂性动词延续性动词
作业 Go over Grammar A and BFinish the exercises in the workbook
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