动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
(
2023
年高考真题
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the
co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing. ...The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and
I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023 年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
3.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
7.【2023 年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
8.【2023 年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
(
2021-2022
年高考真题
)
1 （2022 新 高 考 I 卷 ） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
(be)previously unprotected,
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations” .
3（2022 新高考 II 卷） Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
4（2022 新高考 II 卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly (throw) his
tools aside, and started running, arms out.
5 （2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 ）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
__________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
6（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）But Cobb and others （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and （change） their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.
7（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 8（2021 新高考I 卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it （be）for the people then to put all those
rocks into place.
9 （2021 新高考 II 卷 ）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest
companies I wrote to (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
10（2021 年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
11（2021 年浙江卷） Mary's niece wrote, "The little home （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh.
Mary loved it.
12 （2021 年 浙 江 卷 ） After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
（sell）most of their furniture.
13（2021 年浙江卷 1 月） It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.
14（2021 年浙江卷 1 月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain ________ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
(
2023
年名校模拟题
)
1 ．Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she (be) away from home for such a long
time.
2 ．Sean’s strong love for his country is (reflect) in his recently published poems.
3 ．Many a student (delay) at the airport, otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime.
4 ．His admission that he (blame) kept the others from being punished.
5．Magic is a member of an all-volunteer charity. It (run) by Debbie Garcia-Bengochea and her husband.
6 ．When I was struggling with solving equations(方程式), I (give) homework by my teacher.
7 ．Paul (admit) to me that he sometimes felt jealous(妒忌的)of my friendship with Stanley the other day.
8 ．He is the only one of the students who (read) the book.
9 ．When I first met Jack, he (work) in that school for 10 years.
10 ．It was the second time that he (win) the gold medal in the games.
11 ．The software (enable) you to get information from the Internet in seconds.
12 ．The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger, which
(set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start.
13．Built in 1554, during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao, the wall (destroy) partly by the
Miao ethnic group.
14 ．Last year, a lot of measures (take) by the government to protect our mother river.
15 ．Thirty years ago, five factories (build) in our village, polluting the environment badly.
16 ．According to the latest security reports, millions of PC users don't even know the_____ (threaten).
17 ．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they
(supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger.
18 ．A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow
afternoon.
19 ．On the Spring Festival and over the following two weeks, streets and houses (decorate) with many
things of red color in China.
20 ．Ancient and modern history (be) the subjects we are studying.
21 ．In the past few decades, our hometown (see) great changes.
22 ．He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
23 ．The fact that no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera John Snow. (frustrate)
24 ．Ukrainian President said that Russia’s attacks (destroy) about 30 percent of Ukraine’s power
stations.
25 ．Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I (enjoy) food from both countries
ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks!
26 ．It will also (strength) vital organs by helping your immune system.
27 ．Each swimmer (equip) with a wetsuit that can protect themselves during the cross-Straits swim.
28 ．On the first day of primary school, some little kids (escape) again and again from their seats.
29 ．More than 600,000 of them (force) to flee their homes to escape violence since June.
30 ．It was not until Lucy was to leave that he realized he (fall) in love with her.
31 ．In regular classes these children (hold) back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning
situations that are designed for the average children.
32 ．The old stone bridge, which (date) from the Qing Dynasty, is still in use today.
33 ．At least 270 people (injure) because of the underground gas explosions in southern Taiwan.
34 ．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather.
35 ．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields.
36 ．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (hire) to guard its
doors and check receipts.
37 ．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are
honest, we are truly free.
38 ．It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
39 ．Healthy eating along with regular exercise (be) important for your health.
40 ．There was once a Chinese man in the USA who (accuse) after he used a certain form of TCM
treatment to cure his grandson’s disease.动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
(
2023
年高考真题
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the
co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing. ...The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and
I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【46 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城 市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语， 和主句主语“I”之间为主 动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。
置于句首，首字母大写。故填 Having visited。
【47 题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城 市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词， 根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词 amaze 之
间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was amazed。
【49 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总 是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修
饰名词“development of this city”。故填 remarkable。
【50 题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新 的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本
句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 means。
2.【2023 年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完
美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文 Last Friday 可知，应用一般过去时。故 choose 改为 chose。
4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非
常完美。此处是限定性定语从句， 先行词是 woman ，关系词在从句中作 hair 的定语， 应用关系代词 whose
引导。故 that 改为 whose。
3.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【45 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句 缺少谓语动词，所以 wish 作本句谓语，和主语 I 之间是主动关系，根据后文的 grew 可知用一般过去时。
故填 wished。
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【45 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句 缺少谓语动词，所以 wish 作本句谓语，和主语 I 之间是主动关系，根据后文的 grew 可知用一般过去时。
故填 wished。
7.【2023 年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【50 题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真 理的关注。从句主语 a simple lyric form 与 employ 之间为被动关系， 所以用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接动
词原形。故填 be employed。
8.【2023 年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害
怕 ……”短语为 be afraid of，此处为 used to do sth.。故 to 后添加 be。
2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，
故用一般过去时。故 make 改为 made。
(
2021-2022
年高考真题
)
1 （2022 新 高 考 I 卷 ） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
(be)previously unprotected,
答案： were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的
大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构， 以提高效率， 减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在 that 引导的限制性定语
从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant number of areas ，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”
可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填 were。
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations” .
答案： is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物 多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产” 的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子 的主语 The GPNP 之间为被动关系； 叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语
态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填 is designed。
3（2022 新高考 II 卷） Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
答案： was fixing
解析：考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据 空后的 when he heard the screams，可知， 设空处的动作是正在发生的， 同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故
使用过去进行时。 fix 为动词，意为“修理” ，其过去进行时为 was fixing。故填 was fixing。
4（2022 新高考 II 卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly (throw) his
tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案： threw
解析：考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的 and started 构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw 为动词，意为“ 扔” ，过去时为 threw。故填
threw。
5 （2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 ）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案： is viewed 或 has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信 息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时， 此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现
在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填 is viewed 或 has been viewed。
6（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）But Cobb and others （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and （change） their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案： are ；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在 Cobb 和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程 参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句 意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填 are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处 and 连接
并列的动词 questioning 和 change，故填 changing。
7（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of
them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案： have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家” 的网站上， 自从两年前成立以来， 大约有 200 个 学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故
填 have promised。
8（2021 新高考I 卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it （be）for the people then to put all those
rocks into place.
答案： was
解析：句意为：你不禁要问, 当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语 then,可知描述过去的事情,
所以用一般过去时态,主语为 it,故填 was.
9 （2021 新高考 II 卷 ）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest
companies I wrote to (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
答案： was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从 句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名
词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填 was。
10（2021 年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
答案： has proved
解析：考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊 利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家， 自从向公众开放以来， 就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子 成分可知，设空处作谓语动词， Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois 作主语；结合句意及设空处 后的时间状语从句 since it opened to the public 可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在 完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是 has/have +过去分词；主语 Lincoln’s home in
downtown Springfield Illinois 是第三人称单数， 所以助动词用 has，提示词 prove 的过去分词形式是 proved
或 proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
11（2021 年浙江卷） Mary's niece wrote, "The little home （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh.
Mary loved it.
答案： was painted
解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词， The little home 作主语。结合句意及常识可知， 房子是“被漆” 的， 主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系， 所以要用被动语 态；根据上文的 was built 可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是 was/were+过去分词；
主语The little home 是单数第三人称， 所以要用was，提示词paint 的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
12 （2021 年 浙 江 卷 ） After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
（sell）most of their furniture.
答案： sold
解析：考查动词。句意：1861 年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分 可知，设空处和前面的动词 rented 一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语 1861 可知，此处用一般过去时态，提
示词 sell 的过去式形式是 sold。故填 sold。
13（2021 年浙江卷 1 月） It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.
答案： is considered
解析：考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方， BMI 在 19 到 25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知， 句子缺少谓语， 主语（a BMI）是单数， 时态是一般现在
时，且主语和 consider 是表被动关系，故填 is considered。
14（2021 年浙江卷 1 月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
答案： was
解析：考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了 1.3，男性增加了 1.6。分析句子结
构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填 was。
(
2023
年名校模拟题
)
1 ．Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she (be) away from home for such a long
time.
2 ．Sean’s strong love for his country is (reflect) in his recently published poems.
3 ．Many a student (delay) at the airport, otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime.
4 ．His admission that he (blame) kept the others from being punished.
5．Magic is a member of an all-volunteer charity. It (run) by Debbie Garcia-Bengochea and her husband.
6 ．When I was struggling with solving equations(方程式), I (give) homework by my teacher.
7 ．Paul (admit) to me that he sometimes felt jealous(妒忌的)of my friendship with Stanley the other day.
8 ．He is the only one of the students who (read) the book.
9 ．When I first met Jack, he (work) in that school for 10 years.
10 ．It was the second time that he (win) the gold medal in the games.
11 ．The software (enable) you to get information from the Internet in seconds.
12 ．The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger, which
(set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start.
13．Built in 1554, during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao, the wall (destroy) partly by the
Miao ethnic group.
14 ．Last year, a lot of measures (take) by the government to protect our mother river.
15 ．Thirty years ago, five factories (build) in our village, polluting the environment badly.
16 ．According to the latest security reports, millions of PC users don't even know they (threaten).
17 ．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they
(supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger.
18 ．A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow
afternoon.
19 ．On the Spring Festival and over the following two weeks, streets and houses (decorate) with many
things of red color in China.
20 ．Ancient and modern history (be) the subjects we are studying.
21 ．In the past few decades, our hometown (see) great changes.
22 ．He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
23 ．The fact that no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera John Snow. (frustrate)
24 ．Ukrainian President said that Russia’s attacks (destroy) about 30 percent of Ukraine’s power
stations.
25 ．Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I (enjoy) food from both countries
ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks!
26 ．It will also (strength) vital organs by helping your immune system.
27 ．Each swimmer (equip) with a wetsuit that can protect themselves during the cross-Straits swim.
28 ．On the first day of primary school, some little kids (escape) again and again from their seats.
29 ．More than 600,000 of them (force) to flee their homes to escape violence since June.
30 ．It was not until Lucy was to leave that he realized he (fall) in love with her.
31 ．In regular classes these children (hold) back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning
situations that are designed for the average children.
32 ．The old stone bridge, which (date) from the Qing Dynasty, is still in use today.
33 ．At least 270 people (injure) because of the underground gas explosions in southern Taiwan.
34 ．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather.
35 ．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields.
36 ．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (hire) to guard its
doors and check receipts.
37 ．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are
honest, we are truly free.
38 ．It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
39 ．Healthy eating along with regular exercise (be) important for your health.
40 ．There was once a Chinese man in the USA who (accuse) after he used a certain form of TCM
treatment to cure his grandson’s disease.
参考答案：
1 ．has been
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：莉莉很想念她的父母，因为这是她第一次离开家这么长时间。 it/this is the
first/second...time that+从句，表示“第一/二…… 次做某事” ，主句用 is，从句用现在完成时，从句主语是
she，助动词应用 has，故填 has been。
2 ．reflected
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：肖恩对祖国的强烈热爱反映在他最近发表的诗歌中。主语 Sean’s strong love for his country 和谓语动词 reflect 为被动关系，结合空前的“is”可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，
空处需填过去分词。故填 reflected。
3 ．was delayed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：许多学生在机场耽搁了，否则他们会在午餐时间到达。分析句 子可知， 空处作句子的谓语， 根据“otherwise they would have arrived by lunchtime”可知， 句子在描述过去发 生的事情， 时态用一般过去时， delay 和主语 Many a student 之间是被动关系， 应用一般过去时的被动语态，
主语为 Many a student，谓语动词需用单数形式， be 动词需用 was 。故填 was delayed。
4 ．was to blame
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他承认是他的错，使其他人免于受罚。分析句子结构可知， “that he
(blame) ”是同位语从句，从句缺谓语动词，根据“kept”可知，用一般过去时， “he”和“blame”之间是
被动关系， sb be to blame 表示“某人该受责备” ，用主动表被动。故填 was to blame。
5 ．is run
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：魔术师是一个全是志愿者的慈善机构的成员。它由 Debbie Garcia-Bengochea
和她的丈夫经营。 run 与主语 it 是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，
因此空格处使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数， be 动词使用 is。故填 is run。
6 ．was given
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当我纠结于解方程时，我的老师给我布置了作业。空格处是 主句的谓语部分， 主语 I 和动词 give 之间是被动关系， 再由前面从句的时态是一般过去时可知， 主句用一
般过去时的被动语态。故填 was given。
7 ．admitted
【详解】考查时态。句意：保罗向我承认，他有时会嫉妒我和斯坦利那天的友谊。根据后文 felt 可知为一
般过去时。故填 admitted。
8 ．has read
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他是学生中唯一读过这本书的人。空处缺少谓语动词，此处表示过去发生 的事情对现在产生影响， 使用现在完成时， 主语 who 指代 the only one of the students，助动词用 has。故填
has read。
9 ．had been working
【详解】考查时态。句意：我第一次遇到杰克的时候，他已在那所学校工作了 10 年了。由时间状语从句 以及状语 for 10 years 可知， 工作这一状态开始于过去的过去， 一直延续到过去， 有可能还在持续。故用过
去完成进行时。故填 had been working。
10 ．had won
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是他第二次在比赛中获得金牌。It was the second time that…是固定句型，
从句应为过去完成时，表示“这是某人第二次完成某事” ，所以空格处为 had done 结构。故填 had won。
11 ．enables
【详解】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:该软件使您能够在几秒钟内从互联网上获取信息。分析句子结 构可知， 此处作谓语， 且表述一般事实， 所以应用一般现在时， 又因 software 是不可数名词， 此空应用动
词第三人称单数形式。故填 enables。
12 ．has set
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：吉林和黑龙江的交界处是东北虎的栖息地，这个地方从一开始就开始保护 这两个物种的栖息地。分析句子可知， 此处为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入， 由 since
可知，此处应为现在完成时，先行词 The intersection 为单数名词，助动词使用 has。故填 has set。
13 ．was destroyed
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：长城建于 1554 年，在明朝抵御苗族入侵期间，部分被苗族摧毁。 destroy
与主语 the wall 是逻辑动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 由 during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao 可知，
此处陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数， be 动词使用 was 。故填 was
destroyed。
14 ．were taken
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：去年，政府采取了很多措施来保护我们的母亲河。take 与主语 a lot of measures 是逻辑动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 由 Last year 可知， 此处陈述过去发生的动作， 应用一般过去时的被动语
态，主语是复数， be 动词使用 were 。故填 were taken。
15 ．were built
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：30 年前，我们村里建了 5 家工厂， 严重污染了环境。build 与主语 five factories 是逻辑动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 由 Thirty years ago 可知， 此处陈述过去发生的动作， 应用一般过去时的
被动语态，主语是复数， be 动词使用 were 。故填 were built。
16 ．are being threatened
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：根据最新的安全报告，数以百万计的 PC 用户甚至不知道他们正在受到 威胁。分析可知设空处为谓语， 主语和谓语之间是被动关系， 用被动语态， 根据主句时态和语境， 可知强
调目前的状态，应用现在进行时，主语是 they，谓语用复数，故填 are being threatened。
17 ．are supplied/will be supplied
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里， 顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡， 如果有， 他们会被提供一杯饮料， 这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语 they 指代 customers，和谓语动词 supply 之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语 they 是复数人称代词，
故填 are supplied 或 will be supplied。
18 ．is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意： 一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要给我们讲中国文学和绘画。由“this
afternoon”及 coming 可知，句子用现在进行时表将来， A poet and artist 表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指
一个人，谓语用单数，即 is，故填 is。
19 ．are decorated
【详解】考查谓语动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：年三十儿和接下来的两周里， 家家户户， 大街小巷， 处处都装饰着喜庆的中国红。分析句子结构可知， 设空处在句中作谓语。结合语境可知， 此处陈述一般事
实，应用一般现在时，主语与之间为被动关系，且主语为复数概念，故填 are decorated。
20 ．are
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：古代史和近代史是我们正在学习的科目。分析句子可知，句子表述客观事 实， 应用一般现在时。当一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰， 表示两个不同的概念时， 谓语动词
一般用复数。故填 are。
21 ．has seen
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。空处在句中作谓语，由 In the past few decades 可知， 句子应用现在完成时， 且主语 our hometown 和动词 see(见证)是主动关系， 主语
为第三人称单数，助动词应用 has，故填 has seen。
22 ．donated
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他自愿帮助控制交通，每周贡献一小时的时间。设空处与 volunteered 是并
列谓语动词，应用一般过去时。故填 donated。
23 ．frustrated
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，这让约翰 · 斯诺很沮丧。分析句子可知， 提示词是主句谓语动词， 与主语“The fact”之间是主动关系， 结合同位语从句“that no one knew how to prevent
or treat cholera ” 中时态可知，讲述过去的事情，主句也应用一般过去时态。故填 frustrated。
24 ．had destroyed
【详解】考查时态。句意：乌克兰总统表示，俄罗斯的袭击已经摧毁了乌克兰大约 30%的发电站。 said 后 接宾语从句，宾语从句的动作发生在 said 之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填 had destroyed。
25 ．have enjoyed/have been enjoying
【详解】考查时态。句意：我在英国长大， 父亲是英国人， 母亲是中国人。自从我学会拿刀叉和筷子以来， 我就喜欢上了这两个国家的食物！根据句子可知，提示词是句子谓语动词，与主语 I 之间是主动关系，结 合句中时间状语“ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks”可知，表示从过去开始持续现在，
并将继续下去的动作，可用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态；主语是 I，助动词用 have。故填 have
enjoyed/have been enjoying。
26 ．strengthen
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：它还能通过帮助你的免疫系统来加强重要器官。分析句子可知，空格处
应用动词，作谓语，“strength”意为“ 力量” ，名词词性，空格处应用“strengthen”，意为“ 加强” ，动词词性，
根据句意和句中“will”可知，句子为一般将来时， “will”后接动词原形。故填 strengthen。
27 ．was equipped
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：每位游泳者都配备了潜水服，可以在横渡海峡时保护自己。分析句子 可知， 设空处在句中作谓语， 应用动词；主语为 each swimmer，与 equip 之间为被动关系， 应用被动语态 be
done 结构；根据句意可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语 swimmer 受 each 限定，
谓语动词用单数形式。故填 was equipped。
28 ．escaped
【详解】考查时态。句意：小学第一天，一些小朋友一次又一次地从座位上逃走。空处为句子谓语动词，
结合语境和时间状语“On the first day of primary school”判断为一般过去时。故填 escaped。
29 ．have been forced
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自 6 月以来，超过 60 万人被迫逃离家园，以躲避暴力。分析句意可知，
复数概念的主语 More than 600,000 of them“超过 60 万人”与动词 force“强迫”构成动宾关系，应该使用被动
语态，且时间状语 since June“自 6 月以来”表明使用现在完成时。故填 have been forced。
30 ．had fallen
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：直到露西要离开，他才意识到他爱上了她。空处应填谓语动词的形式，结 合句意及空前的 he realized 以及空后的 in love with her 可知应填过去完成时形式 had fallen ，表示从句动作
发生在主句动作 realised 之前， fall in love with sb 意为“爱上某人” ，固定搭配。故填 had fallen。
31 ．are held
【详解】考查动词。句意：在普通课堂上， 这些孩子的智力增长受到专为普通孩子设计的学习环境的阻碍。 分析句子， 设空处使用动词作谓语， 此处表述客观事实， 故使用一般现在时。同时 these children 与 hold 之
间为被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。 hold back 为固定短语，意为“ 阻碍” 。故填 are held。
32 ．dates
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这座古老的石桥建于清朝，至今仍在使用。分析句子可知，空格处作定语 从句的谓语，整个句子的时态为一般现在时态，从句主语 which 代指先行词 bridge，第三人称单数，所以
此处需用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填 dates。
33 ．were injured
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：台湾南部的地下瓦斯爆炸造成至少 270 人受伤。空处为谓语动词， 动作发生在过去且主语people 与injure 之间为被动关系， 应用一般过去时的被动语态were injured。故填were
injured。
34 ．had been canceled/ had been cancelled
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词 的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且 flight 与 cancel 之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
故填 had been canceled/cancelled。
35 ．has made
【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语 so far，此
处应用现在完成时态，主语为 our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用 has。故填： has made。
36 ．were hired
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候， 90 名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。 hire 与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用复数。
故填 were hired。
37 ．will pay
【详解】考查时态。句意：那些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就
真正自由了。表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填 will pay。
38 ．be offered
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：人们经常建议给孩子们提供接近大自然的机会。 recommend 意 为“建议” ，句中 it 是形式主语， that 引导的是主语从句，从句中用“should+动词原形” 的虚拟语气， should
可省略，孩子是被给予机会，因此空格处是(should) be offered，故填 be offered。
39 ．is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：健康的饮食和规律的锻炼对你的健康很重要。本句陈述的是事实， 时态用一般现在时；当句子的主语是“A along with/with/together with + B”的时候，采取就远原则，即谓语
动词要和 A 保持一致。本题应该和 Healthy eating 保持一致，所以谓语动词使用单数形式。故填 is。
40 ．was accused
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：曾经有一个在美国的中国人，他在用某种形式的中医药治疗孙子的疾病 后被指控。根据句意和前文 was 可知， 本句描述过去发生的事情， 定语从句中谓语动词 accuse 和作为主语 的关系代词 who 之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。who 指代的先行词 a Chinese man 为单数，
主谓一致，故填 was accused。
