2024年中考英语仁爱版二轮复习语法突破 构词法 课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
构 词 法
　　构词法是指按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。常见的构词法有：派生法、合成法和转化法。
考点精练1
1. It is 　impossible　 （possible） for you to write such a long story in an hour. It may take you one day.
2. They don’t like your brother because he is a very 　dishonest　 （honest） boy.
impossible
dishonest
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3. Three 　visitors　 （visit） will come to our village and teach us English.
4. Look！ It is raining 　heavily　 （heavy） outside now.
5. — What’s the weather like today？
— It’s 　foggy　 （fog）.
visitors
heavily
foggy
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6. We can eat this kind of plants. The plants are 　harmless　 （harm） to our health.
7. It is 　cloudy　 （cloud） today.
8. My brother likes sports， but I 　dislike　 （like） them.
9. Jane wants to be a 　scientist　 （science） when she grows up.
10. It is 　impolite　 （polite） to point at others with your chopsticks.
11. Don’t read in bed. It’s 　harmful　 （harm） to your eyes.
12. Food 　safety　 （safe） is more important than anything else.
harmless
cloudy
dislike
scientist
impolite
harmful
safety
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考点精讲1　派生法
　　派生法是指在词上附加前缀或后缀，构成新词。派生词包括加前缀和后缀两种形式。
　　1. 前缀：是在单词的前面加的某些固定的字母组合，经常见到的前缀有im-， un-， dis-， in-， a-， tele-等。其中im-， un-， dis-， in-一般构成反义词。
honest诚实的→dishonest 不诚实的
possible 可能的→impossible 不可能的
happy高兴的→unhappy 不高兴的
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　　2. 后缀：后缀是在单词的后面加的某些固定的字母组合。经常见到的后缀：
　　（1） 名词后缀： -er， -or， -tion， -ian， -ment， -ness等。
art艺术→artist 艺术家
move移动→movement 运动
educate教育→education 教育
teach教→teacher 教师
translate翻译→translation 翻译
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（2） 副词后缀：一般由形容词＋ly或-ward（s）等后缀变为副词。
easy容易的→easily容易地
heavy重的→heavily 沉重地
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（3） 形容词后缀：一般由名词＋-y， -able， -ful， -ive， -less或-al等后缀构成形容词。
help帮助→helpful有帮助的
rain雨→rainy有雨的
nature自然→natural自然的
home家→homeless无家可归的
act行动→active积极的；活跃的
value价值→valuable 有价值的
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考点精练2
　　用下面方框中所给的词，组合成新的单词完成句子
ball　play　out　for　black　side　ever
warm　basket　room　hearted　paper
class　ground　board　news
13. Look！ They are playing games on the 　playground　 .
14. It’s snowing 　e in， please.
15. Jack wants to be a 　basketball　 player.
16. Mrs.Green is a 　warm-hearted　 woman. We all love her.
playground
outside
basketball
warm-hearted
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17. Look at the 　blackboard　 ， boys and girls.
18. Mary and her friends are in the 　classroom　 .
19. My grandfather usually reads the 　newspaper　 after dinner.
20. I will support you 　forever　 .
blackboard
classroom
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考点精讲2　合成法
　　合成法通常由两个单词合在一起构成与这两个单词意思有联系的复合词。合成词的特点：两个单词合在一起构成新的单词，有时要加连字符，有时可能有一些词形方面的变化。
class ＋ room →classroom教室
day ＋ dream→daydream白日梦
kind ＋ heart ＋ -ed→kind-hearted好心的
good ＋ look＋ -ing→good-looking 好看的
well ＋ known→well-known著名的
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考点精练3
21. Let me have a 　try　 （尝试）.
22. We should 　try　 （设法；努力） our best to save the animals.
23. They tried to 　perfect　 （使完善） the working condition.
24. The answer is 　perfect　 （完美的）.
try
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考点精讲3　转化法
　　转化法就是把一个词从一种词类转成另一种词类。
Let’s go for a swim after school. （swim在此句中是名词）
I can swim now. （swim在此句中是动词）
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强化练习
Ⅰ. 用下面所给的词组合成新的单词，完成句子
ball after　 out　 black　 side　 noon　time
board　 basket some　 no　 thing　 sun
with　 English　 snow　 up　 speaking
white　 stairs　 set　 out　 space kind
how　 ship　 ever　 hearted
1. Yao Ming is my favourite 　basketball　 player.
2. It’s cold 　e in， please.
3. Boys and girls， look at the 　blackboard　 and listen to me carefully.
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4. We don’t have any classes this 　afternoon　 . Let’s go shopping.
5. She will visit our school 　sometime　 next month.
6. We did 　nothing　 at the weekend.
7. 　Without　 medicine， he wouldn’t recover so soon.
8. I love this 　snow-white　 rabbit with red eyes.
9. He led us to a room 　upstairs　 .
10. Let’s talk about the sunrise and the 　sunset　 .
11. America is an 　English-speaking　 country.
12. China sent a man into space in this 　spaceship　 .
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13. She was 　kind-hearted　 as well as beautiful.
14. He tells the truth to his mother. 　However　 ， his mother doesn’t allow him to go out.
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Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The booklet should be very 　helpful　 （help） to parents of disabled children.
2. The baby girl learned how to dress 　herself　 （her） at the age of 3.
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3. I bought two 　notebooks　 （notebook） yesterday.
4. Everyone can be a 　useful　 （use） person to make our motherland stronger.
5. Students across China buy 2，800 million new 　textbooks　 （textbook） every year.
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6. Yesterday Jack tried paragliding and he enjoyed 　himself　 （him） very much.
7. We held many activities to celebrate our country’s 　seventy-second　 （seventy-two） birthday.
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8. We had a 　wonderful　 （wonder） time last night.
9. He is one of this country’s top professional 　sportsmen　 （sportsman）.
10. They had an 　agreement　 （agree） never to talk about work at home.
11. Jim didn’t pass his English exam， so he feels 　unhappy　 （happy）.
12. Tom and Mike 　dislike　 （like） coffee. They never drink it.
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13. It is 　impossible　 （possible） for me to finish the work in such a short time.
14. The old clothes are 　useful　 （use）. Don’t throw them away.
15. The worst part is being 　helpless　 （help） to change anything.
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16. Today is an 　unusual　 （usual） day for Chinese people. On this day， the great scientist died.
17. His 　illness　 （ill） makes him feel terrible. He has to go to hospital.
18. Bob， would you like to visit somewhere 　interesting　 （interest） with us next Sunday？
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19. Lisa watched until the train 　disappeared　 （appear） from view.
20. Scientists around the world are working to 　discover　 （cover） a cure for AIDS（艾滋病）.
21. — Let’s cross the road quickly.
— We’d better not. It’s a red light. It’s 　dangerous　 （danger）.
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22. Daniel’s father 　finally　 （final） stopped smoking.
23. Some 　achievements　 （achieve） in the medical research helped control the terrible illness.
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24. — What are you going to do with the clothes？
— Some clothes will be given to the poor and the others will be sent to factories for 　recycling　 （recycle）.
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25. They hoped to see the problem solved 　peacefully　 （peaceful）.
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Ⅲ. 选择填空
（　A　）1. — I have a 　　　　 . What should I do？
— You should go to the dentist.
A. toothache B. headache
C. stomachache
（　A　）2. — “One tree can’t make a forest.” is a famous saying.
— Sure. It tells us the importance of 　　　　 .
A. teamwork B. knowledge
C. friendship
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（　C　）3. Learning is a life-long journey， for it brings us 　　　　 new every day.
A. everything B. nothing C. something
（　C　）4. The summer vacation is coming. Don’t swim in the lake， 　　　　 when you are alone.
A. probably B. possibly C. especially
（　A　）5. Tony checked his paper 　　　　 ， so he passed the exam.
A. carefully B. politely
C. thankfully
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（　B　）6. We will have a 　　　　 holiday after the entrance examination for senior high school.
A. two months B. two-month
C. two-months
（　C　）7. Mr. Wang put up a big 　　　　 on the wall to tell us the result of the contest.
A. postcard B. invitation C. poster
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（　C　）8. The park is far away from here indeed. It’s about 　　　　 walk.
A. a three hour B. a three hour’s
C. a three-hour
（　B　）9. A 　　　　 player named Li Jianrou from China won a gold medal in 2014 Winter Olympics.
A. 27-years-old B. 27-year-old
C. 27 years old
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（　C　）10. — Yesterday， my father bought me a new mobile phone as a present， but I don’t know how to use it.
— Why not read the 　　　　 first before using it？
A. expressions B. applications
C. instructions
（　C　）11. The Dragon Boat Festival is an important day in our country. On that day we can have some 　　　　 food like zongzi.
A. national B. western C. traditional
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（　A　）12. — I can’t stand swimming in cold rivers in winter.
— But it’s 　　　　 for your health. You know I often swim in rivers in different seasons.
A. helpful B. harmful C. painful
（　B　）13. — Dad， I got hired as a bus driver.
— Congratulations！ Make yourself 　　　　 so that the company won’t want to lose you.
A. fashionable B. valuable
C. changeable
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（　A　）14. I fell off the bike on my way to school. 　　　　 ， I wasn’t hurt.
A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Politely
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