2024年中考英语一轮复习专题16 选词填空（讲义）（含解析）

2024年中考英语一轮复习
专题16 选词填空（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 选词填空中考考情分析
三 短文填空 的考向 1. 熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识 2. 掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤 3. 提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考选词填空经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1. 熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
2. 掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
【网络构建】
【考情分析】
选词填空命题规律
【名师解难】
考生在做此类试题时应从以下几点入手：
1．明确词义，分类备选词
拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先研究方框中所给的备选词汇，判断每个单词的词性、词义，并进行归类。
2. 借助线索，初步归位
通读全文，结合所学语法知识及上下文语境初步选择符合题意的词，针对相关的语法知识，考生可以从以下几个方面着手：
① 如果空格后是谓语动词，且句子的其他内容完整，则该空格应考虑使用名词、人称代词、名词性物主代词、非谓语动词；
② 如果空格前是句子主语，空格后是宾语，此处应考虑用动词作谓语，构成主谓宾结构；
③ 如果空格后是名词，空格前有限定词，则此处应考虑使用形容词或形容词性物主代词；
④ 如果空格前是动词，一般空格处考虑填写副词，同时要注意如果空格前是感官动词或be动词，则需要填形容词，构成主系表结构，此类系动词还有become, turn, get, seem等。
3. 瞻前顾后，调整形式
经过初步归位后，我们还需要根据语境确定句意，根据语法调整词汇的适当形式，针对形式，考生可以从归纳的考点设置的特点来考虑。
4. 通读全文，复核验证
复读短文，检查单词拼写是否正确，注意时态、语态、主谓一致和固定搭配，还有首字母大小写。
短文填空解题技巧
　　1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
　　2. 通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friend’s/friends’。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done …)；
★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。
为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 ’s 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
4. 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。
检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
year information think different they never why store play easy
It’s said that using certain skills is “just like riding a bike.” In other words, once they’ve been learned, you never forget 1 . And it’s true that while we often forget facts, we can usually jump on a bike and ride away without 2 about it.
But why are you generally still able to ride a bike even after having not ridden one for 3 The answer is that certain skills, such as how to drive or 4 an instrument, are part of our procedural (程序性的) memory. It is a kind of long-term memory that performs 5 procedures. And while these procedures may be difficult to learn, once learned completely, they’re 6 forgotten.
This happens because procedural memory and declarative (陈述性的) memory are 7 in different parts of the brain. To tell the difference, declarative memory is responsible for remembering 8 like names, dates, and events from your life. Studies say that the cells (细胞) in the part storing procedural memory can not 9 lose or get hurt. So procedural memories aren’t erased very often.
Now you know 10 we don’t forget how to ride a bicycle. Can you name other skills that you’re also unlikely to ever forget
（2023·江西赣州·模拟预测）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后选择方框内所给的词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
make but use child health never easy them be chat
The Internet is used by people of all ages. Many use it for work, 11 for many others, it’s also a kind of hobby. There are many popular sites where 12 can chat safely.
On the one hand, socializing (社交) on the Internet is fun. The good thing about these sites 13 that you can make hundreds of friends from all over the world. You can tell 14 about yourself and your life, and you can find out things about them and their lives.
On the other hand, most of the “friends” that you 15 on the Internet are not real friends. You can 16 together or email each other, but you will probably 17 meet! Another drawback of socializing online is that you can 18 spend hours on the computer, which isn’t good for your 19 .
To sum up, these sites are enjoyable 20 sometimes, but not all the time! It’s important to enjoy life in the real world, not just on a computer screen.
（2023·陕西榆林·校考模拟预测）
slow be make water he banana spend students one pretty
Mohammad Shahid is the headmaster of a school in India. He 21 about 10 years turning the school campus (校园) into a green world with his students.
When Shahid went to the school for the 22 time, he found it had few plants. Then he began to plant plants and 23 he made that as a hobby. His students got interested in what he did. So they joined 24 . Shahid is hard-working. On weekends, he needn’t go to work, but he still drives 14 kilometers to 25 the plants. The students work hard, too. They spend lots of their free time looking after the plants. In the 26 eyes, it’s a fun learning experience.
Thanks to Shahid and his students, there 27 over 300 kinds of plants in the school now. There you can find fruit and vegetables like 28 and cabbages. The school uses the fruit and vegetables to 29 lunch for students. There are also many flowers. They add colors to the school. And they make the school 30 than before.
Because of its special campus, the school is popular in India. Many students dream of studying there.
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测）
短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词或短语并使用其适当形式填空，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）
choose count how many nod run serious shake something speak surprise why
It was Election (选举) Day at Sunshine Middle School. Erica was 31 for the president of students. “If you elect me,” she shouted, “there’ll be no more homework! And no more school uniforms!” All the students cheered loudly. Erica was sure that she would be the final 32 of the president, because she’d spent a lot of time finding out what the students disliked.
Now it was Michael’s turn. Unlike Erica, he began 33 , “I cannot change everything students don’t like about the school, but I promise to work hard for you.”
“Boring!” Erica thought. She knew she was going to get the position. After the students voted (投票), all the votes 34 . At the end of the day, the head teacher announced, “The new president is Michael!”
Erica was really 35 . She’d made promises about all the important things. She could not understand 36 the students voted for him instead of her. Her best friend, Jenny, came to her. “Erica, I’m so sorry,” she said.
“I just can’t believe it,” Erica began. “They must have counted the votes wrong. I’ll ask them to do it again!” Jenny 37 her head. “I’m sorry, Erica, there was no mistake. I didn’t want to tell you, but Michael did get 38 votes. All the students I know voted for Michael.”
“I don’t understand,” said Erica. “The kids were cheering at my 39 . I told them everything they wanted to hear.” “That’s just it,” said Jenny. “You made promises, but everybody knew that you wouldn’t be able to keep them. They thought you would just say 40 in order to be elected.”
Erica knew one thing for sure: next time she wouldn’t make promises she couldn’t keep.
（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空只填一个单词。）
stop dance sudden close be fish you warm get shake
One afternoon, I felt tired and went to the park. There were many people in it. Some were running, some were 41 with the music, others were telling stories under the trees.
42 , I noticed a little girl. She was sitting by the lake with tears in her eyes. Lots of people passed by but didn’t 43 to see why she looked so sad. As I got much 44 , I saw that her back had a strange shape. That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the reason why people just passed by and made no effort to help.
So I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she said in a low voice, “Hi,” I smiled and she smiled back, shyly. “You see many 45 in the lake. They can’t go to see the larger sea. But they are still swimming happily. Why ” She 46 her head. “Because every one of them 47 unique (独一无二的). They have their parents, brothers, sisters, friends and more. They also know that they only have one life. Time is limited. So they are happy with what they have 48 ! Never regret what you have lost!” She listened carefully and smiled. “Thanks for 49 kind words. And the 50 you have given to me this afternoon may inspire (激励) my life. I hope I will be like a happy fish.” “You will.” I gave her a warm hug.
（2023·河南新乡·统考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一词。
but water smile follow hand worry whether time busy on
The plane took off. A passenger needed a cup of 51 to take his medicine. An airhostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the water. But the air hostess was so 52 that she forgot to bring him the water. As a result, the passenger couldn’t take his medicine 53 time. About half an hour later, she hurried over to him with a cup of water, 54 he refused it.
In the 55 hours, each time she passed by the passenger, she would ask him with a smile 56 he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid notice to her.
When it was time to get off the plane, the passenger asked her to hand him the passengers’ booklet (留言簿), she was very 57 . She thought that he would write bad words in it, but with a smile she 58 it to him.
Off the plane. She opened the booklet and then 59 . The passenger wrote, “In the past few hours, you have asked me if I needed help for twelve 60 in all. How can I refuse your twelve faithful(真诚的) smiles ”
（2023·河南南阳·校联考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
allow take fast go it break by what same service
A library is a place to find almost any books. There are all kinds of books, and there are also pictures, papers, magazines, maps and records in 61 . A library is a source of information. Students go to libraries to study and write homework. There are many different library 62 . In children’s libraries there are many interesting picture books. If you love music, you can listen to your favorite CDs in music libraries.
Long ago, however, a library had only books. And there were so few books in it that no one was 63 to take them out of the library. After the printing machine was invented, books could be made 64 and libraries got more books.
To borrow a book and 65 it home today, a person just needs a library card. The person 66 to the main desk to have a librarian check the book out. The librarian prints the card with the date 67 which the book must be returned to the library. If the book is returned late, the person must usually pay for 68 the rule.
Books in a library are put in a certain order to help people to find 69 they want. In some libraries, all books about animals might be placed together. In other libraries, all books written by the 70 person may be placed together.
（2023·河南开封·统考一模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
shine besides its little care relax require from because correct
It is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul. However, to have healthy eyes, you have to look after them properly. Your eyes need everyday 71 .
Firstly, a healthy diet is important. Have more fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk. It’s good for your eyes. 72 , a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken.
Secondly, you must have regular and sound sleep. This 73 the eye muscles (肌肉) and gives them the rest they need. Sleep can help the body to repair 74 tired tissues (组织). Usually, you should sleep for at 75 seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under your eyes.
Next, it’s necessary for you to exercise your eyes every day. Blink (眨眼) your eyes 76 time to time to keep your eyes moist (湿润的).
Lastly, you should treat your eyes 77 . Fox example, if you get something in your eye, don’t start rubbing (揉) it. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don’t read or write in poor or bright sunlight 78 sunlight can lead to eye tiredness. Remember to wear sunglasses to stop the sun from 79 directly into your eyes. Too much reading, writing, watching television or working on a computer can also cause eye tiredness, so a good rest is 80 .
If you always take care of God’s most beautiful gift, your life will be very colorful!
（2023·河南安阳·校考二模）
while, however, what, with, use, example, special, offer, everything, different
During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister (宰相) Feng Deyi to recommend (举荐) talented people. 81 , several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone.
“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and perfect people at all,” Feng said.
“People are like objects. 82 we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should be unhappy with yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our time ” said the emperor.
Indeed, each object or tool has its own 83 . A knife is made to cut things 84 chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like an object, each person has a 85 strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at 86 .
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of 87 backgrounds. He 88 them important positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a ‘golden age’”.
A good 89 is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted (晋升) him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal 90 difficult matters and became a well-known person in history.
（2023·陕西西安·西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）
短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次。每空填一个单词。)
It be work slow move bird health breathe close(adj.) anywhere
When my daughter 91 in primary school, she brought home four small twigs (嫩枝) from school to plant. None of them looked very strong, but with hope for the future. I planted them 92 in our backyard that had enough sunlight. Over the years, because of the poor soil, three of them died. Only one survived.
It grew very 93 . It looked more like a fat bush than a tree. Later, I noticed that 94 was starting to die. The lower branches (树枝) were becoming bare. Only the top third of the tree was still green. I did my best to save it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer (肥料), but it didn’t 95 .
Later one morning, I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. It would make the yard look cleaner. As I walked over to take a 96 look at it, however, I noticed something 97 within the leaves. It was a robin (知更鸟) patiently building a nest in the top branches. I smiled when I heard the 98 song. I thought maybe this old tree was still useful. It might not be 99 or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a home.
This tree reminded me that all of our lives have a purpose. It doesn’t matter if we are young and strong or old and sickly. Until our last 100 , we have things to do, love to give, and joy to share. We can help to make this world a better and more beautiful place.
（2023·宁夏·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一个词或短语，每个词或短语限填一次。
movie, or, answer, worry about, they, how, for example, careful, many, change
About 30 years ago, parents started to 101 their kids. This was because their kids were asking for more things—toys, 102 and other things they loved. But how could parents satisfy their kids without spoiling（溺爱）them The 103 to the question was simple—the allowance（零用钱）.
Today, things haven’t 104 too much. Some younger kids can get weekly allowances by doing chores（杂务）around the house. There are also some job chances for older kids. They can do chores for 105 neighbors. They might clean houses 106 walk the dog for them. Weekly allowances help kids learn that money is made through work. It’s something they should think about 107 .
Of course, as a child, you can make money in 108 ways, but how do you manage it
One idea is to save most of it and spend a little. 109 , if you get $5 a week, you could spend $2 and save $3. Then you can decide 110 to spend the $2. You could spend it on the pizza you want. You could also save it until you have enough to buy something that costs more.
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，根据短文内容从方框中选择合适单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文内容完整。（每词限用一次，有两个词多余）
bring help to peaceful which difficult other just who none mention another
What is the best virtue (美德) What can we learn from water Laozi, a famous Chinese thinker 111 lived around 2,500 years ago, might have an answer.
Laozi tells us that the top character is just like water. All life in the world cannot live without water, but water never asks for anything in return. It benefits (使受益) all, competing with 112 . It simply keeps giving quietly. Also, water often stay s where people don’t like. This kind of low profile (低姿态) makes water the closest 113 the law of the universe (万物之规).
In dealing with people, we can act as water. Do our best to help 114 without trying to get anything back. At the same time, stay humble (谦虚的). Don’t always talk about the 115 you gave to other people. Even if you are in a 116 situation, you need to stay calm. After all, water will not choose where to be, and it 117 goes to where it is needed.
The Chinese nation has always held dear Laozi’s ideas about water. In 2014, President Xi Jinping 118 it at the welcome dinner of the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Beijing. He said APEC members are 119 together by the water of the Pacific Ocean and have a shared responsibility to make the Pacific an ocean of 120 , friendship and cooperation (合作). This is the wisdom (智慧) water brings us.
（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）
阅读短文, 用所给词的适当形式填空, 每空一词, 每词限用一次, 使短文完整、正确。方框中有两词是多余选项。
become what tradition one meet year how
When I was a little girl, I had the etiquette (礼仪) class in my primary school. I remember my 121 class clearly. The teacher taught us some etiquette and rules from books. But I couldn’t understand their meanings or the reason why I should follow them because I was only six.
In the following few 122 time, I learned more etiquette and rules. I gradually realized they had something to do with my life. They told me how to treat people with politeness and kindness. When I 123 teachers, I greeted them firstly. When I was at home, I would try to do some chores to help my parents. When I was in public, I should try not to influence others.
In China, many people may have the same experiences as me. Some etiquette and rules are symbols of 124 Chinese culture. No matter how the world changes, they are wealth in our heart, and they will also teach us how to be a better person. 125 important the etiquette and rules are in our lives!
（2023·山东淄博·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。
because, at, someone, first, much, invention, thank, moon, develop, about, if, hardworking
If you have ever looked through a telescope (望远镜), you might want to 126 Galileo. He was born in 1564 in Italy. He was a bright and 127 boy who was also talented in art and music. His father hoped he would become a doctor.
However, Galileo liked math so 128 that he decided to study it. He did well in school and he tried his best to pay the cost of school 129 his family was poor. He was also helping to support his younger brother’s studies. He tried to invent some things to make money.
One day, he heard that 130 had invented a spyglass (小望远镜). He learned that the instrument could show faraway things as if they were nearby. It could magnify (放大) things to appear up three times bigger! Galileo decided to 131 one of his own. He quickly understood how the spyglass worked and made improvements. He named his improved spyglass the telescope. It could magnify things up to ten times.
He continued to make improvements to his 132 . One night, he pointed his telescope towards the night sky. He made his 133 space observation (观察). Up until then, everyone thought that the surface of the 134 was smooth! However, with his telescope, Galileo saw that the noon was covered with many bumps (隆起) and craters (火山口). The telescope also showed many more stars. With it, Galileo was able to make many important discoveries 135 space.
（2023·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空不超过三个词。
animal also because believe bring call in many pet sign
In Chinese culture, the rabbit represents (代表) the moon. Ancient people 136 that a rabbit was living on the moon. The rabbit 137 the Jade Rabbit or the Moon Rabbit. It was the 138 of the moon goddess Chang’e.
In nature, rabbits can reproduce (繁殖) in large numbers in a short time. In this way, ancient Chinese people also saw the rabbit as a good 139 . They believed the 140 children they had, the luckier and happier they would be.
Western people 141 see the rabbit as a sign of good luck. They believe a rabbit’s foot can 142 good luck to its holder. Old tradition has it that if teenager hunters caught a rabbit, they could be awarded (奖励) the 143 back foot in a ceremony. It welcomed them to manhood (成年) within their clan (部落).
Rabbits also show up 144 other areas of Western culture. The night before Easter, kids often make nests (窝) for the Easter Bunny in the garden. Rabbits are close to the idea of new life 145 they have lots of babies.
（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词）
and become every of wonder much one open all many building thousand
Visiting Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world. If you like sightseeing, you will love it!
Shanghai, a beautiful city during the day, 146 even more beautiful at night. At the end of the day, both the older part of the city around the Bund and the more modern part in Pudong are full 147 colourful lights. The buildings, both new and old, look very different 148 exciting. If you walk along the Bund, you will see 149 old buildings. The Pudong New Area, just across the Huangpu River, has many modern 150 . At night, these tall buildings light up the sky in 151 direction.
If you like walking in the streets, try the famous Nanjing Road. There are busy shops and coffee bars, and you’ll see 152 of people enjoying themselves. Most of the shops close at 10 pm, but at that time teahouses are still 153 , where you can meet old friends and make new ones.
If you are in Shanghai for the 154 time, make sure you visit the beautiful Oriental Pearl Radio & TV Tower and the Jin Mao Tower. If you take a boat along the river, you will have a 155 experience. If you enjoy history and natural beauty, Yu Garden is a better choice.
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。
smoke and see quickly chopstick be it gift husband into
There is an interesting legend about how chopsticks were invented. It is said that Jiang Ziya and his wife once lived a poor life in the Shang Dynasty. The cruel wife was not satisfied with their life and always wanted to hurt her 156 .
One day, Jiang Ziya’s wife cooked some meat and put something into it secretly. When Jiang Ziya was about to take the meat, a bird flew in through the window 157 pecked (啄) him. He didn’t eat the meat and hurried off to catch the bird. Jiang Ziya knew it 158 a fairy bird, so he pretended (假装) to drive the bird and ran after it out to a hillside. The fairy bird stopped on a bamboo, shook off two bamboo sticks and whispered, “Jiang Ziya, you should pick up the meat with these bamboo sticks.”
Jiang Ziya 159 picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.
When his wife asked him to eat the meat again, Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks 160 the bowl to hold the meat. Suddenly, he 161 the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke. Jiang Ziya pretended not to know about the truth and said to his wife, “How can the meat 162 Is there anything wrong with the meat ” As he said it, Jiang Ziya picked up the meat and offered 163 to his wife’s mouth. His wife’s face turned white and she hurried out of the door.
Jiang Ziya knew that these bamboo sticks were a 164 sent by the fairy bird. From then on, he used the two bamboo sticks for every meal.
After the story was told, not only did his wife dare not hurt him again, but also the neighbors learned to eat with bamboo sticks. Later, more and more people ate with 165 , and the custom was passed down from generation to generation.
答案与解析
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
year information think different they never why store play easy
It’s said that using certain skills is “just like riding a bike.” In other words, once they’ve been learned, you never forget 1 . And it’s true that while we often forget facts, we can usually jump on a bike and ride away without 2 about it.
But why are you generally still able to ride a bike even after having not ridden one for 3 The answer is that certain skills, such as how to drive or 4 an instrument, are part of our procedural (程序性的) memory. It is a kind of long-term memory that performs 5 procedures. And while these procedures may be difficult to learn, once learned completely, they’re 6 forgotten.
This happens because procedural memory and declarative (陈述性的) memory are 7 in different parts of the brain. To tell the difference, declarative memory is responsible for remembering 8 like names, dates, and events from your life. Studies say that the cells (细胞) in the part storing procedural memory can not 9 lose or get hurt. So procedural memories aren’t erased very often.
Now you know 10 we don’t forget how to ride a bicycle. Can you name other skills that you’re also unlikely to ever forget
【答案】
1．them 2．thinking 3．years 4．play 5．different 6．never 7．stored 8．information 9．easily 10．why
【导语】本文介绍了程序记忆是一个长期记忆，这些程序可能很难学，但一旦完全学会了，它们就永远不会忘记。
1．句意：换句话说，一旦你学会了，你就永远不会忘记。根据“once they’ve been learned”可知，它们被学会，因此你不会忘了它们，they“它们”，作为动词forget的宾语，用宾格形式，故填them。
2．句意：的确，虽然我们经常忘记事实，但我们通常可以毫不犹豫地骑上自行车离开。think about“考虑，思考”，without doing sth“不做某事”，故填thinking。
3．句意：但是为什么你在多年没有骑过自行车之后仍然能够骑自行车呢？for+时间，表示“长达多长时间”，year“年”，根据“It is a kind of long-term memory”可知，这是长期记忆，因此长达很多年，用复数名词years，故填years。
4．句意：答案是，某些技能，比如如何开车或演奏乐器，是我们程序性记忆的一部分。play an instrument“演奏乐器”，how to do sth“如何做某事”，故填play。
5．句意：它是一种执行不同程序的长期记忆。根据“And while these procedures may be difficult to learn, once learned completely, they’re ... forgotten.”可知，这些程序可能很难学，但一旦完全学会了，它们就永远不会忘记，因此它们是不同的程序，different“不同的”，是形容词，修饰名词procedures用形容词，故填different。
6．句意：虽然这些程序可能很难学，但一旦完全学会了，它们就永远不会忘记。根据“But why are you generally still able to ride a bike even after having not ridden one for ...”可知，学会的程序，很多年不会忘记，never“从不”，故填never。
7．句意：这是因为程序性记忆和陈述性记忆存储在大脑的不同部位。根据“Studies say that the cells (细胞) in the part storing procedural memory can not ... lose or get hurt.”可知，记忆被储存在大脑里，store“储存”，主语procedural memory and declarative memory与谓语store之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，故填stored。
8．句意：为了区别，陈述性记忆负责记住你生活中的名字、日期和事件等信息。根据“like names, dates, and events from your life”可知，姓名、日期和时间是信息，information“信息”，是不可数名词，故填information。
9．句意：研究表明，储存程序性记忆部分的细胞不易丢失或损伤。根据“get hurt”可知，与损伤相并列的，因此表示容易丢失，easy“容易的”，是形容词，easily“容易地”，是副词，修饰动词lost是副词，故填easily。
10．句意：现在你知道我们不会忘记怎么骑自行车了吧。根据“So procedural memories aren’t erased very often.”可知，程序记忆不会经常被删除，因此你知道了你不会忘记如何骑自行车的原因，因此用why引导宾语从句，故填why。
（2023·江西赣州·模拟预测）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后选择方框内所给的词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
make but use child health never easy them be chat
The Internet is used by people of all ages. Many use it for work, 11 for many others, it’s also a kind of hobby. There are many popular sites where 12 can chat safely.
On the one hand, socializing (社交) on the Internet is fun. The good thing about these sites 13 that you can make hundreds of friends from all over the world. You can tell 14 about yourself and your life, and you can find out things about them and their lives.
On the other hand, most of the “friends” that you 15 on the Internet are not real friends. You can 16 together or email each other, but you will probably 17 meet! Another drawback of socializing online is that you can 18 spend hours on the computer, which isn’t good for your 19 .
To sum up, these sites are enjoyable 20 sometimes, but not all the time! It’s important to enjoy life in the real world, not just on a computer screen.
【答案】
11．but 12．children 13．is 14．them 15．make 16．chat 17．never 18．easily 19．health 20．to use
【导语】本文主要分析了因特网的利与弊。
11．句意：许多人把它用于工作，但对许多其他人来说，它也是一种爱好。根据“for many others, it’s also a kind of hobby.”及备选词汇可知，这里表示转折，因此用but连接。故填but。
12．句意：有许多受欢迎的网站，孩子们可以在那里安全地聊天。根据“can chat safely.”及备选词汇可知，这里是孩子们可以安全地聊天，child 意为“孩子”，这里应该用复数children。故填children。
13．句意：这些网站的好处是你可以结交来自世界各地的数百个朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填一个系动词。主语“The good thing”是单数，时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。故填is。
14．句意：你可以告诉他们你自己和你的生活，你可以了解他们和他们的生活。根据“you can make hundreds of friends from all over the world.”及备选词汇可知，这里是告诉他们你自己和你的生活，宾格代词them作tell的宾语。故填them。
15．句意：另一方面，你在网上交的大多数“朋友”都不是真正的朋友。根据“most of the “friends” that you”及备选词汇可知，这里指在网上交的大多数“朋友”，make friends意为“交朋友”，这里是一般现在时，主语是you，因此谓语用原形。故填make。
16．句意：你们可以一起聊天或互发电子邮件，但你们可能永远不会见面！根据“together or email each other,”及备选词汇可知，这里是一起聊天，chat意为“聊天”，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填chat。
17．句意：你们可以一起聊天或互发电子邮件，但你们可能永远不会见面！根据“you will probably … meet!”及备选词汇可知，这里是永远不会见面，never意为“绝不”。故填never。
18．句意：网上社交的另一个缺点是你很容易在电脑上花上几个小时，这对你的健康不利。根据“spend hours on the computer,”及备选词汇可知，这里是很容易在电脑上花上几个小时，这里用 easy 的副词easily。故填easily。
19．句意：网上社交的另一个缺点是你很容易在电脑上花上几个小时，这对你的健康不利。根据“which isn’t good for your …”及备选词汇可知，这里指对你的健康不利，health意为“健康”。故填health。
20．句意：总之，这些网站有时使用起来很愉快，但并非总是如此！根据“these sites are enjoyable … sometimes,”可知，这些网站有时使用起来很愉快，use意为“使用”，在“be+形容词+to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to use。
（2023·陕西榆林·校考模拟预测）
slow be make water he banana spend students one pretty
Mohammad Shahid is the headmaster of a school in India. He 21 about 10 years turning the school campus (校园) into a green world with his students.
When Shahid went to the school for the 22 time, he found it had few plants. Then he began to plant plants and 23 he made that as a hobby. His students got interested in what he did. So they joined 24 . Shahid is hard-working. On weekends, he needn’t go to work, but he still drives 14 kilometers to 25 the plants. The students work hard, too. They spend lots of their free time looking after the plants. In the 26 eyes, it’s a fun learning experience.
Thanks to Shahid and his students, there 27 over 300 kinds of plants in the school now. There you can find fruit and vegetables like 28 and cabbages. The school uses the fruit and vegetables to 29 lunch for students. There are also many flowers. They add colors to the school. And they make the school 30 than before.
Because of its special campus, the school is popular in India. Many students dream of studying there.
【答案】
21．spent 22．first 23．slowly 24．him 25．water 26．students’ 27．are 28．bananas 29．make 30．prettier
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了沙希德和学生们一起种植植物的故事。
21．句意：他花了大约10年的时间和学生们一起把校园变成了一个绿色的世界。根据“He ... about 10 years turning the school campus (校园) into a green world with his students.”和备选词汇可知，他花了大约10年的时间和学生们一起把校园变成了一个绿色的世界。spend“花费”符合语境，且这是发生在过去的故事，所以此处是一般过去时，用spend的过去式spent。故填spent。
22．句意：当沙希德第一次去学校时，他发现学校里几乎没有植物。for the first time“第一次”，固定短语，用one的序数词first“第一”。故填first。
23．句意：然后他开始种植植物，慢慢地他把它当作一种爱好。根据“... he made that as a hobby”和备词汇可知，慢慢地他把它当作一种爱好。slow的副词slowly“慢慢地”符合语境，副词修饰整个句子。故填slowly。
24．句意：所以他们加入了他的行动。join sb“加入某人”，备选词汇he的宾格him“他”符合语境。故填him。
25．句意：在周末，他不需要去上班，但他仍然开车14公里去给植物浇水。根据“... the plants”和备选词汇可知，此处应是“给植物浇水”，water“浇水”符合语境，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填water。
26．句意：在学生的眼中，这是一次有趣的学习经历。根据“In the ... eyes”和备选词汇可知，在学生们眼中，此处应是复数名词students的所有格形式students’。故填students’。
27．句意：多亏了沙希德和他的学生，现在学校里有300多种植物。分析句子可知是there be句型，且是一般现在时，由“over 300 kinds of plants”可知，be动词用are。故填are。
28．句意：在那里你可以找到水果和蔬菜，比如香蕉和卷心菜。根据“fruit and vegetables like ... and cabbages”和备选词汇可知，像香蕉和卷心菜这样的蔬果，此处应填banana的复数形式bananas表示泛指。故填bananas。
29．句意：学校用水果和蔬菜为学生做午餐。根据“uses the fruit and vegetables to ... lunch”和备选词汇可知，用用水果和蔬菜做午餐，make“做”符合语境，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填make。
30．句意：它们使学校比以前更漂亮。根据“And they make the school ... than before.”和备选词汇可知，花使得学校比以前更漂亮，由than可知是比较级，此处应是pretty的比较级prettier“更漂亮”。故填prettier。
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测）
短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词或短语并使用其适当形式填空，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）
choose count how many nod run serious shake something speak surprise why
It was Election (选举) Day at Sunshine Middle School. Erica was 31 for the president of students. “If you elect me,” she shouted, “there’ll be no more homework! And no more school uniforms!” All the students cheered loudly. Erica was sure that she would be the final 32 of the president, because she’d spent a lot of time finding out what the students disliked.
Now it was Michael’s turn. Unlike Erica, he began 33 , “I cannot change everything students don’t like about the school, but I promise to work hard for you.”
“Boring!” Erica thought. She knew she was going to get the position. After the students voted (投票), all the votes 34 . At the end of the day, the head teacher announced, “The new president is Michael!”
Erica was really 35 . She’d made promises about all the important things. She could not understand 36 the students voted for him instead of her. Her best friend, Jenny, came to her. “Erica, I’m so sorry,” she said.
“I just can’t believe it,” Erica began. “They must have counted the votes wrong. I’ll ask them to do it again!” Jenny 37 her head. “I’m sorry, Erica, there was no mistake. I didn’t want to tell you, but Michael did get 38 votes. All the students I know voted for Michael.”
“I don’t understand,” said Erica. “The kids were cheering at my 39 . I told them everything they wanted to hear.” “That’s just it,” said Jenny. “You made promises, but everybody knew that you wouldn’t be able to keep them. They thought you would just say 40 in order to be elected.”
Erica knew one thing for sure: next time she wouldn’t make promises she couldn’t keep.
【答案】
31．running 32．choice 33．seriously 34．were counted 35．surprised 36．why 37．shook 38．more 39．speech 40．anything
【导语】本文通过艾瑞卡竞选学生会主席而落选的事，告诉我们一个道理：不要承诺自己做不到的事。
31．句意：艾瑞卡正在竞选学生会主席。根据“It was Election Day at Sunshine Middle School.”和“for the president of students”以及备选词可知，这里指竞选学生会主席，run for意为“竞选”，此处应用现在分词形式与be动词was构成过去进行时，故填running。
32．句意：艾瑞卡确信她将是主席的最终人选，因为她花了很多时间来了解学生们不喜欢什么。根据“ the final … of the president”及备选词可知，这里指是主席的最终人选，定冠词the后跟名词形式，choose意为“选择”，是动词，其名词为choice，结合语境应用单数形式，故填choice。
33．句意：与艾瑞卡不同，他很严肃地开始，“我不能改变学生们不喜欢学校的一切，但我保证会为你们努力工作。”根据前文“she shouted”和该句中“Unlike Erica” 以及备选词可知，这里指很严肃地开始，此处修饰动词用副词，serious意为“严肃的”，是形容词，其副词为seriously，故填seriously。
34．句意：学生们投票后，所有的选票都被计数。根据“After the students voted”及备选词可知，这里指投票后所有的选票被计数，count意为“计数”，主语“all the votes”与count之间是被动关系，全文是一般过去时叙述，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，故填were counted。
35．句意：艾瑞卡非常惊讶。根据前文“Erica was sure that …”和“The new president is Michael!” 以及备选词可知，当听到迈克尔当选主席，艾瑞卡非常惊讶，surprise意为“使惊讶”，此处修饰人，应用形容词surprised，故填surprised。
36．句意：她不理解为什么同学们选择迈克尔而不是她。根据“he’d made promises about all the important things.”及备选词可知，这里指不理解为什么同学们不选择她，why意为“为什么”，此处引导宾语从句，故填why。
37．句意：珍妮摇了摇头。根据“I’m sorry, Erica, there was no mistake.”及备选词可知，这里指珍妮摇了摇头，shake意为“摇动”，shake one’s head意为“摇头”，全文是一般过去时叙述，所以此处应用过去式shook，故填shook。
38．句意：我不想告诉你，但迈克尔确实得到更多的票。根据“All the students I know voted for Michael.”及备选词可知，这里指迈克尔得到更多的票，所以此处应用many的比较级more“更多”，故填more。
39．句意：同学们在我演讲时欢呼。根据“The kids were cheering at my …”及备选词可知，这里指在我演讲时欢呼，speech意为“演讲”，故填speech。
40．句意：他们认为你为了当选什么都会说。根据“in order to be elected”及备选词可知，这里指当选什么都会说，something意为“某事”，anything“任何事”符合语境，故填anything。
（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空只填一个单词。）
stop dance sudden close be fish you warm get shake
One afternoon, I felt tired and went to the park. There were many people in it. Some were running, some were 41 with the music, others were telling stories under the trees.
42 , I noticed a little girl. She was sitting by the lake with tears in her eyes. Lots of people passed by but didn’t 43 to see why she looked so sad. As I got much 44 , I saw that her back had a strange shape. That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the reason why people just passed by and made no effort to help.
So I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she said in a low voice, “Hi,” I smiled and she smiled back, shyly. “You see many 45 in the lake. They can’t go to see the larger sea. But they are still swimming happily. Why ” She 46 her head. “Because every one of them 47 unique (独一无二的). They have their parents, brothers, sisters, friends and more. They also know that they only have one life. Time is limited. So they are happy with what they have 48 ! Never regret what you have lost!” She listened carefully and smiled. “Thanks for 49 kind words. And the 50 you have given to me this afternoon may inspire (激励) my life. I hope I will be like a happy fish.” “You will.” I gave her a warm hug.
【答案】
41．dancing 42．Suddenly 43．stop 44．closer 45．fish 46．shook 47．is 48．got 49．your 50．warmth
【导语】本文介绍了作者在公园里和一个女孩说的话对她产生了积极的影响。
41．句意：一些人在跑步，一些人随着音乐跳舞，其他人在树下讲故事。根据“Some were running, some were ... with the music,”可知此处是过去进行时，动词用现在分词，结合选词可知dancing“跳舞”符合语境，故填dancing。
42．句意：突然，我注意到一个小女孩。根据“I noticed a little girl.”可知此处应填副词修饰句子，结合选词可知suddenly“突然”符合语境，故填Suddenly。
43．句意：很多人从她身边走过，却没有停下来看看她为什么这么伤心。根据“Lots of people passed by ”可知没有人停下，stop“停下”，动词，didn’t后接动词原形，故填stop。
44．句意：当我走近时，我看到她的背部有一个奇怪的形状。根据“As I got much, I saw that her back had a strange shape”可知此处应填形容词比较级，结合选词可知closer“更近”符合语境，故填closer。
45．句意：你在湖里看到很多鱼。根据“in the lake”可知湖中有很多鱼，fish“鱼”符合语境，故填fish。
46．句意：她摇了摇头。根据“She ... her head.”可知她摇头表示不知道，shake“摇”，动词，根据前后句可知，句子是一般过时，动词用过去式，故填shook。
47．句意：因为它们每个都是独一无二的。根据“Because every one of them ... unique (独一无二的).”可知此处是主系表结构，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is。
48．句意：所以它们对它们所拥有的很满意！根据“So they are happy with what they have ...”结合选词可知鱼对自己所拥有的很满意。have got“拥有”。故填got。
49．句意：谢谢你说的暖心的话。根据“Thanks for ... kind words”可知是向对方表示感谢，应用形容词性物主代词your“你的”，故填your。
50．句意：今天下午你给我的温暖可能会激励我的一生。根据“And the ... you have given to me this afternoon may inspire (激励) my life.”结合选词可知此处是指温暖。warmth“温暖”符合语境，故填warmth。
（2023·河南新乡·统考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一词。
but water smile follow hand worry whether time busy on
The plane took off. A passenger needed a cup of 51 to take his medicine. An airhostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the water. But the air hostess was so 52 that she forgot to bring him the water. As a result, the passenger couldn’t take his medicine 53 time. About half an hour later, she hurried over to him with a cup of water, 54 he refused it.
In the 55 hours, each time she passed by the passenger, she would ask him with a smile 56 he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid notice to her.
When it was time to get off the plane, the passenger asked her to hand him the passengers’ booklet (留言簿), she was very 57 . She thought that he would write bad words in it, but with a smile she 58 it to him.
Off the plane. She opened the booklet and then 59 . The passenger wrote, “In the past few hours, you have asked me if I needed help for twelve 60 in all. How can I refuse your twelve faithful(真诚的) smiles ”
【答案】
51．water 52．busy 53．on 54．but 55．following 56．whether 57．worried 58．handed 59．smiled 60．times
【导语】本文讲述了一位乘客因为空姐没有给他及时送水，而不理睬这位空姐。当这位乘客下飞机时，空姐担心他在乘客留言簿上写下她的坏话。但是这位乘客因为空姐的12次真诚的微笑，没有写下她的坏话。
51．句意：一位乘客需要一杯水吃药。根据“A passenger needed a cup of ... to take his medicine. An airhostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the water.”可知，这位乘客需要一杯水。a cup of water表示“一杯水”。故填water。
52．句意：但是空姐如此繁忙以至于忘记给他送水。根据“But the air hostess was so ... that she forgot to bring him the water.”和备选词汇可知，空姐太忙了，以至于忘记给乘客送水。so ... that ...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；busy表示“繁忙的”。故填busy。
53．句意：结果，乘客不能按时吃药。根据“As a result, the passenger couldn’t take his medicine ... time.”和备选词汇可知，是因为空姐没来送水导致乘客不能按时吃药。on time表示“准时”。故填on。
54．句意：大约半小时后，她匆忙地给他端来一杯水，但他拒绝了。根据“she hurried over to him with a cup of water, ... he refused it.”和备选词汇可知，乘客拒绝了空姐端来的水，前后是转折关系。故填but。
55．句意：在接下来的几个小时里，每次经过这位乘客时，她都会微笑着问他是否需要帮助。根据“In the ... hours, each time she passed by the passenger, ”和备选词汇可知，空姐对乘客充满歉意，因此会在接下来的时间中问候乘客。follow表示“跟着”，是动词，following表示“接下来的”，形容词，作定语修饰hours。故填following。
56．句意：每次经过这位乘客时，她都会微笑着问他是否需要帮助。根据“she would ask him with a smile ... he needed help or not”和备选词汇可知，空姐在问乘客是否需要帮助。whether ... or not表示“是否”。故填whether。
57．句意：到了下飞机的时候，乘客让她把乘客留言簿递给他，她很担心。根据“She thought that he would write bad words in it”可知，空姐担心乘客会在留言簿里投诉她，因此很担心，worry表示“担心”，动词，其形容词是worried，作表语。故填worried。
58．句意：她认为他会在上面写些难听的话，但还是笑着把留言簿递给了他。根据“She thought that he would write bad words in it, but with a smile she ... it to him.”和备选词汇可知，尽管空姐很担心，但她依旧递给乘客留言簿。hand，动词表示“递给”，因为全文的时态是过去时，因此填handed。故填handed。
59．句意：她打开留言簿，然后笑了。根据“In the past few hours, you have asked me if I needed help. How can I refuse your twelve faithful (真诚的) smiles ”可知，乘客并没有写关于空姐难听的话，因此空姐笑了。smile表示“微笑”，且故事发生在过去。故填smiled。
60．句意：在之前的几个小时里，你一共问了我12次是否需要帮助。根据“How can I refuse your twelve faithful (真诚的) smiles ”可知，空姐总共关心乘客12次。time，可数名词表示“次数”，其复数形是times。故填times。
（2023·河南南阳·校联考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
allow take fast go it break by what same service
A library is a place to find almost any books. There are all kinds of books, and there are also pictures, papers, magazines, maps and records in 61 . A library is a source of information. Students go to libraries to study and write homework. There are many different library 62 . In children’s libraries there are many interesting picture books. If you love music, you can listen to your favorite CDs in music libraries.
Long ago, however, a library had only books. And there were so few books in it that no one was 63 to take them out of the library. After the printing machine was invented, books could be made 64 and libraries got more books.
To borrow a book and 65 it home today, a person just needs a library card. The person 66 to the main desk to have a librarian check the book out. The librarian prints the card with the date 67 which the book must be returned to the library. If the book is returned late, the person must usually pay for 68 the rule.
Books in a library are put in a certain order to help people to find 69 they want. In some libraries, all books about animals might be placed together. In other libraries, all books written by the 70 person may be placed together.
【答案】
61．it 62．services 63．allowed 64．faster 65．take 66．goes 67．by
68．having broken 69．what 70．same
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了图书馆的发展和今天的图书馆的规定，摆放等。
61．句意：在它里面有各种各样的书，图片，试卷，杂志，地图和记录。根据“There are all kinds of books, and there are also pictures, papers, magazines, maps and records”可知此处代指前面的图书馆，故填it。
62．句意：有许多不同的图书馆服务。此处应填名词，结合备选词汇可知，service“服务”符合语境，而由many可知此处应用其复数形式，故填services。
63．句意：并且在它里面有如此少的书以至于没有人被允许把它们带出图书馆。根据“ there were so few books in it”并结合备选词汇可知应是因为书少没有人被允许借书，语态为被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故填allowed。
64．句意：印刷机被发明后，书能被更快地制成并且图书馆得到更多的书。根据“After the printing machine was invented”可知应是印书的速度加快，而由“more books”可知此处应用副词的比较级修饰动词，故填faster。
65．句意：今天为了借一本书带回家，只需一张图书证。此处应填动词和“borrow”并列，结合备选词汇可知，take it home“带它回家”符合语境，故填take。
66．句意：这个人去主桌让图书管理员检查书。此处应填谓语动词，结合备选词汇可知，go to “去”符合语境，而主语the person为第三人称单数，故填goes。
67．句意：图书管理员把“书必须被归还图书馆的截止日期”打印在卡片上。根据“date”和“which”可知此处应填介词，结合备选词汇可知，by“在……之前”符合语境，故填by。
68．句意：如果书被归还晚了，这个人通常必须为违反规定付出代价。根据“pay for”并结合备选词汇可知，break the rule“违反规定”符合语境，违反规定在付出代价之前，所以此处应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have+done”，而for为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填having broken。
69．句意：图书馆的书按照某一顺序摆放去帮助人们找到他们所需要的。此处引导宾语从句，根据“want”并结合备选词汇可知应用what表示“所需要的”，故填what。
70．句意：在其它的图书馆，可能同一个人写的所有的书被放在一起。此处应填定语，根据“be placed together”并结合备选词汇可知，应是同一个作者的作品放在一起，故填same。
（2023·河南开封·统考一模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
shine besides its little care relax require from because correct
It is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul. However, to have healthy eyes, you have to look after them properly. Your eyes need everyday 71 .
Firstly, a healthy diet is important. Have more fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk. It’s good for your eyes. 72 , a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken.
Secondly, you must have regular and sound sleep. This 73 the eye muscles (肌肉) and gives them the rest they need. Sleep can help the body to repair 74 tired tissues (组织). Usually, you should sleep for at 75 seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under your eyes.
Next, it’s necessary for you to exercise your eyes every day. Blink (眨眼) your eyes 76 time to time to keep your eyes moist (湿润的).
Lastly, you should treat your eyes 77 . Fox example, if you get something in your eye, don’t start rubbing (揉) it. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don’t read or write in poor or bright sunlight 78 sunlight can lead to eye tiredness. Remember to wear sunglasses to stop the sun from 79 directly into your eyes. Too much reading, writing, watching television or working on a computer can also cause eye tiredness, so a good rest is 80 .
If you always take care of God’s most beautiful gift, your life will be very colorful!
【答案】
71．care 72．Besides 73．relaxes 74．its 75．least 76．from 77．correctly 78．because 79．shining 80．required
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何保护我们的眼睛。
71．句意：我们的眼睛需要日常护理。根据“Your eyes need everyday ”可知眼睛需要护理，care作名词时为“护理”。故填care。
72．句意：此外，还应定期服用维生素a和维生素B2。根据上下文可知，吃维生素是对上文吃新鲜蔬菜等的补充，besides意为“此外”，有补充说明的作用。故填Besides。
73．句意：这样可以放松眼部肌肉，让它们得到所需的休息。根据“the eye muscles”可知是放松眼部肌肉，relax“放松”，句子用一般现在时，主语是this，谓语动词用单三。故填relaxes。
74．句意：睡眠可以帮助身体修复疲劳的组织。根据“Sleep can help the body to repair ... tired tissues”可知身体修复它的劳累的组织，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词its“它的”。故填its。
75．句意：通常，你每天至少要睡七到八个小时。根据句意此处要表达“至少”，即“at least”。故填least。
76．句意：不时眨眼以保持眼睛湿润。短语“from time to time”意为“时不时的，经常的”。故填from。
77．句意：最后，你应该正确对待你的眼睛。根据“you should treat your eyes”可知要正确对待眼睛，correct“正确的”，修饰动词应该用副词，故填correctly。
78．句意：不要在昏暗或明亮的阳光下阅读或写作，因为阳光会导致眼睛疲劳。前后两句是因果关系，前果后因，because意为“因为”。故填because。
79．句意：记得戴墨镜，以免阳光直射到你的眼睛里。根据短语“stop the sun from ... directly into your eyes”可知是避免阳光照射进眼睛里，shine表示“照耀”，介词from后加动名词。故填shining。
80．句意：过多的阅读、写作、看电视或在电脑上工作也会导致眼睛疲劳，因此需要好好休息。根据“a good rest is”可知需要好好休息，require“需要”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填required。
（2023·河南安阳·校考二模）
while, however, what, with, use, example, special, offer, everything, different
During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister (宰相) Feng Deyi to recommend (举荐) talented people. 81 , several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone.
“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and perfect people at all,” Feng said.
“People are like objects. 82 we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should be unhappy with yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our time ” said the emperor.
Indeed, each object or tool has its own 83 . A knife is made to cut things 84 chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like an object, each person has a 85 strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at 86 .
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of 87 backgrounds. He 88 them important positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a ‘golden age’”.
A good 89 is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted (晋升) him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal 90 difficult matters and became a well-known person in history.
【答案】
81．However 82．What 83．use 84．while 85．special 86．everything 87．different 88．offered 89．example 90．with
【导语】本文讲述了唐朝时，唐太宗让宰相冯德义推荐人才的事情。
81．句意：然而，几个月过去了，冯没有推荐任何人。“several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone”与前文是转折关系，however“然而”符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。故填However。
82．句意：我们需要做的是充分利用他们的长处。根据句子结构可知，本句为主语从句，to do后缺宾语，故用what“什么”。故填What。
83．句意：事实上，每个物体或工具都有自己的用途。根据“A knife is made to cut things …”可知，后面的距离说明每个物体都有自己的用途，use“用途”符合语境。故填use。
84．句意：刀是用来切东西的，而筷子是用来夹食物的。此空缺少连词连接前后两个句子，while“然而”符合语境。故填while。
85．句意：就像一个物体一样，每个人都有一种特殊的力量。此空缺少形容词修饰名词strength，special“特殊的”符合语境。故填special。
86．句意：我们不可能指望一个人擅长每一件事情。根据“Nobody is perfect”可知，没有人是完美的，所以不能指望一个人擅长每一件事，everything“每一件事情”符合语境。故填everything。
87．句意：考虑到这一点，唐太宗发现了许多不同背景的人才。此空修饰复数名词backgrounds，备选词different“不同的”符合语境。故填different。
88．句意：他提供了一些重要的职位，帮助他们充分发挥自己的才能。根据“them important positions”可知，给他们提供了重要的职位，offer sb sth“给某人提供某物”符合语境。根据“helped”可知时态为一般过去时，offer的过去式为offered。故填offered。
89．句意：一个很好的例子是马周，他在一个贫穷的家庭长大。根据“Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family”可知，马周是最好的例子，example“例子”符合语境。前面有不定冠词“a”，故用其单数形式。故填example。
90．句意：马帮助皇帝处理了困难的事情，成为历史上有名的人物。deal with“处理”，动词短语。故填with。
（2023·陕西西安·西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）
短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次。每空填一个单词。)
It be work slow move bird health breathe close(adj.) anywhere
When my daughter 91 in primary school, she brought home four small twigs (嫩枝) from school to plant. None of them looked very strong, but with hope for the future. I planted them 92 in our backyard that had enough sunlight. Over the years, because of the poor soil, three of them died. Only one survived.
It grew very 93 . It looked more like a fat bush than a tree. Later, I noticed that 94 was starting to die. The lower branches (树枝) were becoming bare. Only the top third of the tree was still green. I did my best to save it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer (肥料), but it didn’t 95 .
Later one morning, I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. It would make the yard look cleaner. As I walked over to take a 96 look at it, however, I noticed something 97 within the leaves. It was a robin (知更鸟) patiently building a nest in the top branches. I smiled when I heard the 98 song. I thought maybe this old tree was still useful. It might not be 99 or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a home.
This tree reminded me that all of our lives have a purpose. It doesn’t matter if we are young and strong or old and sickly. Until our last 100 , we have things to do, love to give, and joy to share. We can help to make this world a better and more beautiful place.
【答案】
91．was 92．somewhere 93．slowly 94．it 95．work 96．closer 97．moving 98．bird’s 99．healthy 100．breath
【导语】本文讲述了作者把女儿带回来的树枝种植在后院，最后只有一枝活了下来，但是几年前，它也开始死亡了，作者打算直接把它砍了，却发现了一只鸟在树上筑巢，这提醒了作者每个生命都有它的目的。
91．句意：当我女儿上小学的时候，她从学校带了四根小树枝回家种。根据“she brought home four small twigs ”可知本句为一般过去时；“my daughter”是主语，单三形式；“in primary school”为表语，所以空缺处应为系动词，备选词汇be符合语境，故填was。
92．句意：我把它们种在了后院阳光充足的地方。根据“in our backyard that had enough sunlight”可知备选词汇“anywhere”符合句意，在肯定句中用somewhere，故填somewhere。
93．句意: 它长得很慢。根据“Only one survived.”可知备选词汇slow“慢的”符合语境，此处填副词修饰动词“grew”，副词形式是slowly，故填slowly。
94．句意: 后来，我注意到它开始死去。根据“Only one survived”及“The lower branches（树枝）were becoming bare.”可知这棵树开始死去，用代词it代替，故填it。
95．句意: 我尽了最大的努力给它上了很多肥料来拯救它，但是没有用。根据“I did my best to save it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer”及后面“but”，可知上肥料没有用，结合备选词汇work“起作用”符合语境；didn’t后接动词原形，故填work。
96．句意: 然而，当我走过去仔细看它时，我注意到树叶里有什么东西在动。根据“take a ... look at it”和备选词汇，可知close“近的”符合语境，即考查短语take a closer look at“仔细看”，故填closer。
97．句意: 然而，当我走过去仔细看它时，我注意到树叶里有什么东西在动。根据“It was a robin（知更鸟）patiently building a nest in the top branches. ”及备选词汇可知move“活动”符合语境；根据“noticed”可知此处考查notice sb. doing sth.“注意到某人正在做某事”；故填moving。
98．句意: 当我听到鸟儿的歌声时，我笑了。根据“It was a robin patiently building a nest in the top branches.”可知此处应为鸟的歌声，备选词汇bird“鸟”符合语境；根据“the”和“song”可知用名词所有格形式，故填bird’s。
99．句意: 它可能不健康，也不漂亮，但它仍然给了鸟一个家。此处“or”连接两个并列的形容词，结合备选词汇，health“健康”符合语境，形容词形式是healthy，故填healthy。
100．句意: 直到生命的最后一刻，我们都有事情要做，有爱要给予，有快乐要分享。根据句意此处填“最后一口气”，备选词汇breathe“呼吸”符合语境，“last”为形容词空缺处应用名词，故填breath。
（2023·宁夏·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一个词或短语，每个词或短语限填一次。
movie, or, answer, worry about, they, how, for example, careful, many, change
About 30 years ago, parents started to 101 their kids. This was because their kids were asking for more things—toys, 102 and other things they loved. But how could parents satisfy their kids without spoiling（溺爱）them The 103 to the question was simple—the allowance（零用钱）.
Today, things haven’t 104 too much. Some younger kids can get weekly allowances by doing chores（杂务）around the house. There are also some job chances for older kids. They can do chores for 105 neighbors. They might clean houses 106 walk the dog for them. Weekly allowances help kids learn that money is made through work. It’s something they should think about 107 .
Of course, as a child, you can make money in 108 ways, but how do you manage it
One idea is to save most of it and spend a little. 109 , if you get $5 a week, you could spend $2 and save $3. Then you can decide 110 to spend the $2. You could spend it on the pizza you want. You could also save it until you have enough to buy something that costs more.
【答案】
101．worry about 102．movies 103．answer 104．changed 105．their 106．or 107．carefully 108．many 109．For example 110．how
【导语】本文主要讲述了孩子可以通过做家务获得零花钱，但是同时也需要知道如何花钱。
101．句意：大约30年前，父母开始担心他们的孩子。根据“About 30 years ago, parents started to ... their kids”以及下文和选词可知，父