牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage课件(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
M3U1
Grammar and Usage
---Ellipsis (省略)
Jack and Henry are talking about a documentary on environmental protection. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below.
A——Exploring the rules
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental
protection on TV yesterday
A Exploring the rules
纪录片 n.
环境的 adj.
保护 n.
建议推荐 =suggest
全球的 adj.
极端的 adj. extremely
温室
事项 项目 n.
干旱 n.
热浪 酷暑 n.
问题的解决措施
采访 面试 n.
问题 主题 n.
应用 申请 n.
现代的 adj.
科技技术 n.
小册子 n.
提出 想出n.
创造性的想法
El-lip-sis
省略
替代此so等的省略
介词的省略
动词不定式的省略
宾语从句中的省略
定语从句中的省略
状语从句中的省略
Types
类型
简单句中的省略
复合句中的省略
并列句中的省略
其他省略
Ellipsis
Functions
功能
concise 简洁
closely-linked 联系紧密
highlighted 突出
Are you hungry
Yes, I am (hungry).
省略前文出现过的东西
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。
1. 省略共同的主/宾。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面相同的部分。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
3. 若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
——Why didn’t you come to class yesterday
你昨天为什么没来上课？
——(I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
因为我生病了。
省略主句
在though, when/while, if,unless, as if/ as though好像, whether等引导的状语从句中，① 如果从句主语与主句主语一致，同时从句中含有动词be时，通常可省去从句的主语和be.
②当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉
状语从句中的省略
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
状语从句中的省略
以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
He can run more quickly than his father (can).
Wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than (they spend energy to live) in summer.
虚拟条件句中有had, were, should 常省略if， 并将had, were,should提前构成倒装。
If I were you, I would never take Shelly somewhere dangerous.
→ Were I you, I would never take Shelly somewhere dangerous.
宾语从句中的省略
宾语从句中的 "that" 通常可以省略（但在正式写作中建议保留，以增加句子的清晰度。若有and或or连接的多个宾语从句，则只能省略第一个that。）
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should take advantage of it well. 他说这篇文章很重要，我们应该好好利用它
在suggest, request, require, order, advise等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
I suggest that we (should) set off at once.
我建议我们立刻出发。
动词不定式的省略
一感：feel; 二听：hear，listen to; 三让：make，let，have; 四看：see，notice，watch，observe; 半帮助：help。
I observe a man enter the shop.
The lecture has us write a composition every week.
动词不定式做宾语或宾补时，后句的动词不定式结构中，常省略与前句重复的部分
You don’t have to do it if don’t want to do it.
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
be busy (in) doing sth
spend some time (in) doing sth
stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
There is no sense/point (in) doing sth
It's no good/use (in) doing sth
注意：表示时间的介词at,on,in在next, last, this, yesterday, tommorrow等词前，
一般省略。
介词的省略
常见的介词省略的固定结构有：
They all fought for a new life tommorrow.
Can you keep me in your mind forever
I think so.
I don't think so.
We are dying, are we
so/not可用来省略上文中的一部分或整个句子。
I guess so.
I guess not.
guess/hope/be afraid 的否定形式只能用not 形式，不能用don't...so.
替代词so/not等的省略
We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
repeating
Work out the rules
in short responses;
in infinitive phrases;
after some conjunctions like if, when and while;
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in ___________ (informal/formal) speech.
informal
P7 B1
Check your answers.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago. ^
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
would like to.
in the water
we should make every effort to ensure ......
that
Task 1
P7 B2
前句重复省略
简洁
前句重复
前句重复
前句重复
宾语从句that
前句重复
if状语从句省略
P7 B2
组织 v.
组织 团体机构 n.
致力于做...
垃圾 n.
垃圾 n.
在地上
devide... into...把...分为
打扫干净
完全地 adv.
sign up (for)报名参加...
be willing to 愿意做
腰带n.
奖章勋章n.
What if ＋句子 要是....怎么办呢？
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with one word
or the correct forms of the words in the brackets.
Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空)
China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空)
than
feeding
“Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
When ________ (combine) with berries 浆果or slices切片 of other fruits, frozen冻着的 bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)
asking
combined
Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when _______ (tap) early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019全国I, 阅读理解D)
but
tapped
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am _______ my dogs,” says Ehlers. (2019全国II, 完形填空)
One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
to
to speak
Exercise 2
Find out ellipsis in the following sentences
and add the words that are left out.
What is she reading None of your business! (2019全国II, 阅读理解C)
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. (2018全国I, 阅读理解B)
It’s
she
she is
But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you What antique shop ” (2019浙江, 阅读理解A)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smart phones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
are you from
who are
The ticket had a strict no-transfer policy, but since passport information was not required when booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can use it. (2017全国III, 完形填空)
And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less (2018全国III, 阅读理解D)
Elizabeth Gallagher was
less
less
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, wrong number!” and move on. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. (2017全国I, 阅读理解C)
it’s a
presented
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. (2020全国I, 完形填空)
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. (2017浙江, 语法填空)
are
what
she was
she
Exercise 3
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. (2020全国II, 阅读理解B)
研究者们分析了53对亲子在家的日常活动录像，他们发现在26个月龄到46个月龄之间玩拼图的孩子，在54月龄对其进行评估时表现出了更好的空间技能。
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. (2019全国II, 七选五)
你肯定需要克服一些困难，有些困难是可以预料的，但是有些困难是意料之外的。
My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. (2020浙江, 七选五)
不管是什么天气，也不管是什么季节，我的父母都很重视让他们的两个孩子在外面玩一段时间。
Do you want a room that’s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day (2018全国I, 七选五)
你想拥有一间充满活力的房间吗？你想拥有一间专业的房间吗？或是你是否只是想在度过漫长的一天之后找个地方放松一下？
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world. You can, too! (2017北京, 完形填空)
汉娜是很多对世界产生影响的年轻人中的一位。你也能够做到！
Exercise 4
Finish the writing task using ellipsis.
(2018全国I)
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 到达时间；
2. 合适的礼物；
3. 餐桌礼仪。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Sample writing
Dear Terry,
Glad to receive your letter, in which you asked for some customs when paying a visit to a Chinese friend. Here, I’d like to offer you some advice.
To begin with, you’d better get to his or her house on time. If possible, you can arrive a little earlier than the appointed time. What’s more, it’s polite to bring an appropriate gift like some fruits. As for table manners, never talk with your mouth full while eating or knock the bowl with chopsticks.
All in all, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. I hope you can have fun and enjoy yourself in your friend’s home.
Yours,
Li Hua