2024届高考英语一轮复习 牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world背诵清单学案（含答案）

必修三 Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 知识背诵清单
一、背重点单词
1.________________adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
2.________________vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指
3.________________n.实验，试验；尝试，实践vi.做实验，进行实验；尝试
4.________________n.试用，试验；审讯，审判vi.&vt.测试，试验
5.________________adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的n.一家人，家庭
6.________________vt.延迟，延期
7.________________adj.有益的，有用的充电；
8.________________vt.围绕，环绕；包围
9.________________adj.有才智的；有智力的
10.________________vt.&.vi.收费；控告；谴责n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
11.________________n.赞扬，认可；信用vt.存入金额；把……归于
12.________________n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)
答案：1.deadly 2.intend 3.experiment 4.trial 5.household6.postpone 7.beneficial 8.surround 9.intelligent 10.charge
11.credit 12.mystery
二、用核心词汇
1.contain v.包含；含有；容纳→________________n.容器：集装箱，货柜
2.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→_________________n.足量，充足
3.wise adj.聪明的，有智慧的，明智的→________________n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智→________________adv.聪明地，明智地
4.conduct w.&.vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止n.举止n.传导→_________________n.导体；售票员
5.indicate wt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→________________n.迹象；表明；显示；暗示
6.accident n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→________________adj.意外的，偶然的
7.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；替同；偏祖→________________adj.赞成的；称赞的；有利的→________________adj.&n.特别喜爱的(东西)
8.politics n.政治→_________________adj.政治的→_________________n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
9.electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→________________adj.与电有关的；用电的；发电的→_________________n.电，电能
10.theory n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见→________________adj.理论上的
11.involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→________________adj.有关的；卷入的→________________ n.参与；牵连；包含
12.science n.科学→________________n.科学家→________________adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
13.apply vt.&.vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→________________n.申请→_________________n.申请者
14.ignore v.忽视，不理→_________________adj.无知的；愚昧的→________________n.无知
15.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证→_________________n.许可；允许
16.responsible adj.有责任心的→________________n.责任，负责；职责，义务
17.declare vt.表明，宜称；公布，宜布；申报→________________n.声明，宜告
18.nation n.民族；国家；国民→___________adj.民族的；国家的；国有的→____________n.国籍；民族
19.evolve v.进化→___________n.进化；演变，发展
20.publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布→________________n.出版人(或机构),发行人(或机构)
答案：1.container 2.sufficiency 3.wisdom;wisely4.conduction;conductor5.indication 6.accidental
7.favourable;favourite 8.political;politician9.electrical;electricity 10.theoretical
11.involved;involvement 12.scientist;scientific13.application;applicant 14.ignorant;ignorance
15.permission 16.responsibility 17.declaration18.national;nationality 19.evolution 20.publisher
【语境活用】
1.The_____________area ______________survey on the passengers'_____________on the train.And the passengers are asked what the heat_____________of metal is.(conduct)
2.Being_____________and honest,he is popular among us,and he has a strong sense of_____________(responsible)
3.The_____________is fond of_____________and devotes himself to taking part in _____________activities.(politics)
4.He______________that I should give some _____________of how I did in the test.(indicate)
5.The old blind man asked me to do him a_____________and find his______________book.(favour)
6.It was so hot yesterday,but the_____________fan refused to work and we failed to find someone good at work_____________.(electric)
答案：1.conductors;conducting;conduct;conduction2.responsible;responsibility 3.politician;politics;political
4.indicated;indications 5.favour;favourite 6.electric;electrical
三、记高频词汇
1.intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指
背词条用法 (1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth.本打算做某事 (2)be intended for .. 专为……而设计；专供……使用的 be intended to be/do …为……打算(或设计)的 (3)with an/the intention of ... 怀有……打算
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津高考)I intend to take this opportunity to talk about how I learn English on the Internet. 我想借此机会谈谈我是如何在互联网上学习英语的。 ②(2021·浙江6月高考)My parents had intended to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it. 我父母本来想买一辆新卡车，但是却付不起钱。
2.postpone vt.延迟，延期
背词条用法 postpone sth.(to/until …)推迟某事(到……) postpone doing sth.推迟做某事
背写作佳句 ①The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，新学期的新生军训被推迟到了下周日。 ②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm sorry to say that I have to postpone going to the bookstore with you. 很抱歉，我不得不推迟和你去书店的时间。
3.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
背词条用法 (1)in favour of支持，赞同；有利于 in sb.'s favour有利于某人 (2)do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.给某人以恩惠；帮助某人 ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
背写作佳句 ①(2020·新高考全国卷I)We are all in favour of this kind of races,and hope that our school can hold this kind of activities regularly. 我们都支持这种赛跑活动，并希望我们学校定期举办这类活动。 ②It is also meaningful to make use of what I have learned to do others a favour. 利用我所学的东西帮助他人也是很有意义的。
4.charge vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
背词条用法 (1)in charge of主管；负责 in the charge of由……负责 take charge of主管；负责 free of charge免费 (2)charge ...for ..为……向……要价 charge sb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事
背写作佳句 ①You can leave the work in the charge of him, for he is always cautious about everything,and never makes any mistakes. 你可以把工作交给他负责，因为他对每件事都很谨慎，而且从不犯任何错误。 ②(2014·全国卷I Thirdly,I wonder how much you will charge us for the six-week course. 第三，我想知道你们六周的课程要收多少钱。
5.involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
背词条用法 (1)involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事；将某人牵涉到(做)某事中 involve doing sth.包括做某事 (2)get/be involved in被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Students should involve themselves in agricultural activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该使自己参与农业活动中，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。 ②(2020·新高考全国卷I)200 students from all grades were involved in this running race. 来自各个年级的200名学生参加了这次赛跑比赛。
6.apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
背词条用法 apply to适用于(to为介词) apply ...to .把……应用于…… apply to do sth.申请去做某事 apply for申请 apply oneself to致力于；集中精力于
背写作佳句 ①(2019·全国卷I)Learning that your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition,I am eager to apply to be a volunteer for the event. 得知你们美术馆要举办中国画展览，我很想申请成为这次活动的志愿者。 ②(2018·北寡高考)I suggest you apply for Beijing University,one of the best universities in China. 我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。
7.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证
背词条用法 (1)permit doing sth.允许做某事 permit sb,to do sth允许某人做某事 (2)without permission未经许可
背写作佳句 ①Students and teachers are not permitted to cycle on the campus. 学生和老师都不允许在校园内骑自行车。 ②Without permission,children are not allowed to swim alone here. 未经允许，儿童不得独自在此游泳。
8.responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
背词条用法 (1)have the/(a)responsibility to do .有责任/有义务做…… bear/take(on)the responsibility for承担对……的责任，为……负责 a sense of responsibility责任感 (2)be responsible for应对……负责；对……有责任
背写作佳句 ①Through this activity,the students developed a strong sense of responsibility and gratitude. 通过这次活动，学生们培养了强烈的责任感和感恩之心。 ②(2020·全国卷D He is so humorous,responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much. 他是如此幽默、有责任心和无私，以至于我非常尊重和喜欢他。
9.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
背词条用法 declare sb./sth.to be 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against声明/表示赞成/反对 declare war(on/against)(向……)宣战 declare that宣布……
背写作佳句 ①Hearing the sports meeting declared open,all the students burst into cheers. 听到运动会被宣布开幕，所有学生都欢呼起来。 ②The residents nearby declared against the building of the factory which is likely to pollute the water and air. 附近的居民宣布反对兴建该工厂，因为它可能会污染水和空气。
四、短语再现
l.___________________偶然，意外地 2.___________________提出，提议，建议
3.___________________很成功；引人注目 4.___________________查阅，参考；提到，谈及
5.___________________(使)加速 6.___________________成功，奏效，达到目的
7.___________________对……有益，有益于…… 8.___________________因……而受到奖励
9.___________________由于，因为，幸亏 10.___________________日日夜夜，夜以继日
11.___________________放弃 12.___________________反复试验
13.___________________利用，动用 14.___________________致力于，研究
15.___________________被卷入，与……有关系 16.___________________换句话说
17.___________________归功于…… 18.___________________使某人失望
19.___________________关于，至于 20.___________________确信，对……有把握
21.___________________想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
答案：1.by accident 2.put forward 3.with a bang 4.refer to5.speed up 6.pay off 7.be beneficial to 8.be awarded for
9.thanks to 10.day and night 11.give up12.through trial and error 13.draw on 14.work on
15.(be)involved in 16.put another way 17.to the credit of18.let sb.down 19.as to 20.be sure of 21.take it for granted
短语活用
1.be beneficial to对……有益，有益于……
背相关短语 benefit from/by从……中受益；得益于 be of benefit to对……有好处，有益于 for the benefit of为了……的利益
背写作佳句 ①Hopefully my suggestion can be beneficial to you. 希望我的建议能对你有益。 ②(2020·新高考全国卷I)The race was of great benefit to the participants,physically and mentally. 这次比赛对参加者的身体和精神都有很大的好处。 ③If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of students and our club. 如果我有幸当选，我会尽一切努力为学生和我们的俱乐部的利益服务。
2.by accident偶然，意外地
背相关短语 by chance=by accident偶然；碰巧 by design=on purpose故意地；蓄意地 by mistake错误地
背写作佳句 ①Success in life doesn't happen by accident.It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do. 人生中成功不是偶然的。它是你对自己着手做的事情倾注了时间和精力的结果。 ②Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake.It's because mine is similar to yours. 很抱歉误拿了你的雨伞，因为我的雨伞和你的雨伞很相似。
3.let sb.down使某人失望
背相关短语 let alone更不用说；更谈不上 let sb./sth.alone不管/不干涉某人/某物 let go(of)放手，松手，放开；使自由 let in放进，让……进来 let off让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸 let out放出；泄露；发出
背写作佳句 ①You can believe in him;he'll never let you down. 你可以信赖他；他从不会让你失望。 ②For most people,it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse,let alone surf the Internet. 对大多数人来说，没有鼠标，想要操作电脑是不可能的，更不用说上网了。
4.put forward提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
背相关短语 put aside储存；(把……)撇开不理；不考虑；放下正在做的事；留出 put ...away把……收拾好；储存 put(.)down(把……)放下；写下；平息(叛乱等) put up修建；举起；抬起；张贴；(为……)提供食宿；提高(价钱) Put up with忍受；容忍
背写作佳句 ①(2016·北素高考)A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.有人提出一个建议，我们应该回收利用教科书。 ②Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket-money to buy books. 鼓励孩子们把一部分零花钱存起来买书。
知识背诵检测
I.单词拼写
1.It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research_______________(表明)that the numbers have been rising for some time
2.Because of the rain,the sports meeting has to be ________________ (延迟)until next week.
3.The________________ (事故)was similar to the one that happened in 1973.
4.According to our rules,smoking is not_______________(允许)in our office
5.The new technology,if_______________(应用)to farming,will help increase the grain output.
6.He________________(出版)a collection of short stories when he was still at college.
7.Scientists_______________(宣布)war on AIDS in order to make a breakthrough in treating it.
Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出加黑部分的汉语意思)
1.I should have charged my cellphone last night.Now the battery is running out._______________
2.While all the desserts are pretty good,the clear standout is the lemon pie._______________
3.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant(不情愿的)to invest in sufficient training for his staff._______________
4.Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race,religion or nationality._______________
5.Conventional wisdom has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand._______________
6.(熟词生义)He has been riding in horse trial for less than a year._______________
7.(熟词生义)It is hoped that government officials declare all they have earned in a year,which is thought to be helpful to prevent corruption._______________
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.As we know,taking positive attitudes towards life is________________(benefit)to our bodies and minds.
2.The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in _______________(science )research
3.Sometimes,people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and_______________(ignore).
4.As is well known,many_______________ (dead)accidents result from carelessness and irresponsibility.
5.In our country,everyone has rights and_______________(free)to express his thoughts and ideas.
6.Bessie has always subscribed to the view that children should be given_______________(responsible)from an early age.
7.I'm sorry to say that I can't finish the work within the_______________ (limit)time.
8.It's illegal to read people's private letters without ___________(permit).
IV.选词填空
show off, work on, pay off, come up, speed up, by accident, refer to, put forward
1.I never thought I would meet her again at a party ___________after so many years.
2.The subject of exercise and nutrition ___________at last week's class meeting.
3.Henry hasn't missed a chance to___________his muscles to others since being praised for his strong figure.
4.The theory he___________about the black hole isn't understood by most people.
5.The driver___________to make up for the hour he'd lost in the traffic jam.
6.I'm greatly confident that efforts will ___________finally if I never give up.
7.The speaker made full preparations and gave the speech without___________his notes.
8.He has spent the last two years___________a book about environmental protection.
V.关联词汇用准用活
1.用活——同义试试看(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇)
①The message you want to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.
②The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides.
③Research shows that eating habits are changing fast.
④He decided to put off the expedition until the following day due to the bad weather.
⑤The study carried out by researchers aimed at learning about the negative effects of sugar on people's health.
2.用准——易错对对碰
(1)contain VS include
①Everyone took part in the fight against the flood,____________old people.
②The orange juice ____________a number of additives.
(2)in charge VS in charge of VS in the charge of
①He is the vice-president______________________sales.
②It is particularly worrying that nobody seems to be___________.
③The woman puts the baby___________the baby-sitter while she is out.
VI.完成句子
1.______________________I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.(强调句)
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
2.Without qinghaosu,about 200 million patients ______________________the pain of malaria.(虚拟语气)
没有青蒿素，大约两亿病人可能会遭受疟疾之苦。
3.It______________________for college students to master a foreign language.(be of+抽象名词)
对大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
4.______________________,she nearly ran into a tree.(形容词短语作状语)
陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。
5.______________________bad health if you keep smoking.(be likely to do sth.)
如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
参考答案：I.1.indicates 2.postponed 3.accident 4.permitted5.applied 6.published 7.declare
Ⅱ.1.充电 2.突出的东西 3.充分的 4.国籍 5.智慧6.选拔赛 7.申报
Ⅲ.1.beneficial 2.scientific 3.ignorant 4.deadly5.freedom 6.responsibility 7.limited 8.permission
IV.1.by accident 2.came up 3.show off 4.put forward5.sped up 6.pay off 7.referring to 8.working on
V.1.①intend ②beneficial ③indicates ④postpone⑤conducted2.(1)①including ②contains
(2)①in charge of ②in charge ③in the charge of
VI.1.It was not until then that 2.might suffer from
3.is of great importance 4.Lost in thought
5.You are likely to suffer from