2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读每日练习导学案（含答案）

阅读理解每日练12
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因)，they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变)
that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation —not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea- dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times,they've also built houses on stilts (支柱)in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C.Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In 2015,Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen.
heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr.Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
2. Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys.
B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach.
D. Off the coast.
3. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.
B. Highlanders' Survival Skills.
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research.
D. The World's Best Divers.
单词梳理
Para 1
1.product n.产品 2.evolution n.进化 3.occur occurred v.发生 4.billions of 数十亿的
5.year n.年 6.ago 之前 7.as 随着 8.scientist n.科学家
9.look into 深入研究 10.deeper adj.更深的 11.find found v.发现 12.example n.例子
13.human n.人类 14.evolution n.进化 15.past adj.过去的 16.thousand years 数千年
17.people n.人 18.highland n.高地 19.adapt to doing sth 适应做某事 20.live v.居住，生活
21.high adj.高的 22.altitude n.纬度 23.cattle-raising adj.养牛的 24.East Africa 东非
25.northern Europe北欧 26.gain v.获得 27.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 28.digest v.消化
29.as 像…一样 30.adult n.成年人
Para 2
31.on Thursday在星期四 32.an article 一篇文章 33.publish v.出版 34.Cell 《细胞》杂志
35.a team of 一组 36.researcher n.研究者 37.report v.报告 38.a new kind of 一种新的…
39.adaptation n.适应 40.air n.空气 41.food n.食物 42.ocean n.海洋
43.a group of 一群 44.sea- dwelling adj.住在海上的 45.Southeast Asia 东南亚 46.evolve into 进化成为
47.diver n.潜水者 48.number v.总计 49.hundreds of thousand成百上千的 50.traditionally adv.传统地
51.live on 住在…上 52.houseboat n.船屋 53.in recent times 最近 54.build built v.建造
55.house n.房子 56.coastal adj.沿海的 57.waters n.水域 58.simply adv.简单地
59.stranger n.陌生人 60.land n.陆地 61.University of Hawaii 夏威夷大学 62.researcher n.研究者
63.study studies v.研究
Para 3
64.first adj.第一 65.meet met v.遇见 66.while 当…时候 67.grow up 长大
68.island n.岛 69.make a living 谋生 70.as 作为 71.diver n.潜水员
72.spearfishing长矛捕鱼 73.harvest v.收获 74.shellfish n.贝类 75.amazed adj.感到吃惊的
76.stay v.停留 77.underwater n.水下，海底 78.long adj.长的 79.local adj.当地的
80.islander n.岛民 81.underwater n.水下，海底 82.walk v.行走 83.under the sea 海底
Para 4
84.then 那个时候 85.graduate student 研究生 86.genetics n.遗传学 87.the University of Copenhagen
88.hear about 听说 89.wonder v.想知道 90.if 是否 91.century centuries n.世纪
92.diving n.潜水 93.lead(led) to 导致 94.evolution n.进化 95.physical adj.身体的
96.characteristics n.特征 97.task n.任务 98.easy easier adj.更容易 99.make sth adj for sb使某事对于某人…
100.there were 有 101.likely adj.可能的 102.a number of 一些 103.other adj.其他的
104.gene n.基因 105.help sb do sth帮助某人做某事 106.dive v.潜水
题目
107.author n.作者 108.by 通过 109.example n.例子 110.environmental adj.环境的
111.adaptation n.适应 112.cattle raiser 养牛人 113.knowledge n.知识 114.human n.人类
115.evolution n.进化 116.recent adj.最近的 117.finding n.发现 118.human n.人类
119.origin n.起源 120.significance n.重要性，意义 121.selection n.选择 122.build built v.建造
123.house n.房子 124.in valleys 在山谷里 125.near rivers 在河边 126.on the beach 在海滩上
127.off the coast沿海岸 128.astonished adj.感到吃惊的 129.be astonished at对…感到吃惊 130.walk on stilts 踩高跷走
131.all day 一整天 132.superb adj.极棒的 133.way n.方法 134.fishing n.捕鱼
135.stay long长时间停留 136.underwater n.水下，海底 137.land n.陆地 138.suitable adj.合适的
139.title n.标题 140.text n.文章 141.body bodies n.身体 142.remodel v.改变形状/结构
143.a life at sea海上生活 144.highlander n.高地人 145.survival adj.生存的 146.skill n.技巧
147.basic adj.基础的 148.method n.方法 149.genetic adj.基因的 150.research n.研究
151.diver n.潜水者
一.重点句子
1.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to (live) at high altitudes.
考点：
译：
2. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变)
that (help) them digest milk as adults.
考点：
名词短语结构：
译：
3.The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times,they (build) houses on stilts (支柱)in coastal waters.
考点：
they 指的是
译：
4.Dr. Jubilado first (meet) the Bajau while (grow) up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, (spearfish) or (harvest) shellfish.
考点1：
考点2：
考点3：
译：
5. We were so amazed that they could stay underwater longer than us local islanders.
考点：
译：
6. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that (make) the task easier for them.
考点：
名词短语结构：
译：
二.仿写
1.当进入大学的时候，你可以通过积极参加各种社团活动来适应大学的新环境。
2.在近20年间，中国经历了飞速地发展。
3.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
4.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到他们的路。
5.北京的冬天要比上海的冬天冷得多。
答案
一.译文
我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。随着科学家深入研究我们的基因，他们发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子。埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。东非和北欧的养牛人已经获得了一种突变，可以帮助他们像成年人一样消化牛奶。
周四在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一个研究小组报告了一种新的适应方式，不是对空气或食物的适应，而是对海洋的适应。东南亚的一群生活在海上的人已经进化成了更好的潜水员。这些人被称为巴焦人，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们传统上住在船上；最近，他们还在沿海水域的高跷上建造房屋。夏威夷大学研究巴焦人的研究员朱比尔多说：“他们对这片土地只是一个陌生人。”
朱比尔多博士是在菲律宾萨马尔岛长大的，第一次见到巴焦人。他们以潜水员、长矛捕鱼或捕捞贝类为生，“我们很惊讶他们能在水下呆得比我们当地岛民长得多。”朱比尔多博士说，“我能看到他们在海底行走。”
2015年，时任哥本哈根大学遗传学研究生的梅丽莎拉多听说了巴焦人。她想知道几个世纪的潜水是否会导致身体特征的进化，从而使这项任务变得更容易，“这似乎是自然选择作用于一个种群的最佳机会，”拉多博士说。她还说可能还有其他一些基因可以帮助巴焦人潜水。
1.作者想通过第一段中的例子告诉我们什么
A.养牛人的环境适应。 B.人类进化的新知识。
C.人类起源的最新发现。 D.食物选择的重要性。
2.巴焦人在哪里建造他们的房子
A.在山谷。 B.在河边。
C.在海滩上。 D.沿海岸。
3.为什么年轻的朱比尔多对巴焦人感到惊讶
A.他们可以踩着高跷走一整天。 B.他们钓鱼的方法很好。
C.他们可以在水下呆很长时间。 D.他们既生活在陆地上也生活在水中。
4.哪个是适合这篇文章的标题
A.为适应海上生活而进行的身体重塑。 B.高地人们的生存技能。
C.遗传学研究的基本方法。 D.世界上最好的潜水员。
二.答案和解析
1. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句 As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. 可知，随着科学家深入研究我们的基因，他们发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子，随后举2例说明，故文章第一段中作者想通过举例告诉我们人类进化的新知识，故B项正确。A项，“养牛者对环境的适应”，C项，“人类起源的最新发现”，D项，“食物选择的意义”，均不符合题意。故正确答案为B。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句 They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters.可知，他们传统上住在船屋上；最近，他们还在沿海水域的支柱上建造房屋。D项符合文意。故正确答案为D。
3. C 细节理解题。文章第三段第二句They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish, "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders."表明，他们以潜水、鱼叉捕鱼或采贝类为生，“他们能比我们这些本地的岛民在水下待的时间长得多，这使我们很惊奇”，其中amazed与题干 astonished同义。故正确答案为C。
4. A 主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，文章开头讲述了科学家深入研究我们的基因后发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子，从第二段到第四段主要围绕Bajau族群人适应海洋生活的例子。A项意为“为适应海上生活而重新塑造的躯体”，符合文章中心。B项“高地人的生存技能”，C项“遗传研究的基本方法”，D项“世界上最好的潜水员”，均不能准确完整概括文意。故正确答案为A。
单词梳理
Para 1
1.product 2.evolution 3.occur occurred 4.billions of
5.year 6.ago 7.as 8.scientist
9.look into 10.deeper 11.find found 12.example
13.human 14.evolution 15.past 16.thousand years
17.people 18.highland 19.adapt to doing sth 20.live
21.high 22.altitude 23.cattle-raising 24.East Africa
25.northern Europe 26.gain 27.help sb do sth 28.digest
29.as 30.adult
Para 2
31.on Thursday 32.an article 33.publish 34.Cell
35.a team of 36.researcher 37.report 38.a new kind of
39.adaptation 40.air 41.food 42.ocean
43.a group of 44.sea- dwelling 45.Southeast Asia 46.evolve into
47.diver 48.number 49.hundreds of thousand 的 50.traditionally
51.live on 52.houseboat 53.in recent times 54.build built
55.house 56.coastal 57.waters 58.simply
59.stranger 60.land 61.University of Hawaii 62.researcher
63.study studies
Para 3
64.first 65.meet met 66.while 67.grow up
68.island 69.make a living 70.as 71.diver
72.spearfishing 73.harvest 74.shellfish 75.amazed
76.stay 77.underwater 78.long 79.local
80.islander 81.underwater 82.walk 83.under the sea
Para 4
84.then 85.graduate student 86.genetics 87.the University of Copenhagen
88.hear about 89.wonder 90.if 91.century centuries
92.diving 93.lead(led) to 94.evolution 95.physical
96.characteristics 97.task 98.easy easier 99.make sth adj for sb
100.there were 101.likely 102.a number of 103.other
104.gene 105.help sb do sth 106.dive
题目
107.author 108.by 109.example 110.environmental
111.adaptation 112.cattle raiser 113.knowledge 114.human
115.evolution 116.recent 117.finding 118.human
119.origin 120.significance 121.selection 122.build built
123.house 124.in valleys 125.near rivers 126.on the beach
127.off the coast 岸 128.astonished 129.be astonished at 130.walk on stilts
131.all day 132.superb 133.way 134.fishing
135.stay long 136.underwater 137.land 138.suitable
139.title 140.text 141.body bodies 142.remodel
143.a life at sea 144.highlander 145.survival 146.skill
147.basic 148.method 149.genetic 150.research
151.diver
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