2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读：练习导学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读：练习导学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-06 12:28:19 | ||
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Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers —17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分)of the smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."
1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A.They fed them.
B.They named them.
C.They trained them.
D.They measured them.
2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A.By drawing a circle.
B.By touching a screen.
C.By watching videos.
D.By mixing two drinks.
3. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys
A.They could perform basic addition.
B.They could understand simple words.
C.They could memorize numbers easily.
D.They could hold their attention for long.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment.
B.Health.
C.Education.
D.Science.
单词梳理
Para 1
1.monkey n.猴子 2.seem to do sth 好像做某事 3.have a way with sb/sth 善于应付某人或某事
Para 2
4.a team of 一队 5.researcher n.研究者 6.train v.训练 7.associate v.联想，联系
8.different adj.不同的 9.symbol n.符号 10.consist of 由…组成 11.selective adj.精挑细选的
12.letter n.字母 13.drop n.滴 14.as 作为 15.reward n.奖品，奖励
16.researcher n.研究者 17.test v.测试 bine v.结合 19.add v.添加
20.symbol n.符号 21.reward n.奖品，奖励
Para 3
22.Harvard Medical School 哈佛医学院 23.scientist n.科学家 24.lead led v.带领 25.team n.团队
26.describe v.描述 27.experiment n.实验 28.cage n.笼子 29.sb be provided with sth 某人被提供某物
30.touch v.触摸 31.screen n.屏幕 32.part n.部分 33.screen n.屏幕
34.symbol n.符号 35.appear v.出现 36.other adj.另一个 37.side n.一边，一侧
38.symbol n.符号 39.inside 在里面 40.circle n.圆圈 41.show showed shown v.展示
42.flash v.显示，闪耀 43.touch v.触摸 44.left adj.左边 45.side n.一边，一侧
46.screen n.屏幕 47.sb be rewarded with sth 某人被奖励了某物 48.seven drops of water 七滴水 49.circle n.圆圈
50.the sum of …的总数 51.example n.例子
Para 4
52.run v.操作 53.hundreds of 数百的 54.test n.测试 55.researcher n.研究者
56.note v.注意到 57.monkey n.猴子 58.higher adj.更高的 59.value n.数值
60.more than 多于，不仅仅 61.half n.一半 62.indicate v.表明，暗示 63.perform v.执行
64.calculation n.计算 65.memorize v.记住 66.value n.数值 bination n.组合
Para 5
68.team n.团队 69.examine v.检查 70.result n.结果 71.experiment n.实验
72.closely adv.细致地 73.notice v.注意到 74.monkey n.猴子 75.tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
76.estimate v.估算 77.underestimate v.低估 78.sum n.总和 pare A with B 拿A和B比较
80.single adj.单个的 81.symbol n.符号 82.close adj.接近 83.in value 在数值上
84.choosing 有选择性的 85.over 高于 86.the sum of …的总和 87.underestimation n低估
88.systematic adj.成体系的，系统的 89.add v.加 90.pay attention to 注意 91.larger adj.更大的
92.of the two 两者之间的 93.add A to B 把A加到B上
Para 6
94.indicate v.表明，暗示 95.certain adj.某个 96.way n.方式，方法 97.quantity n.数量
98.represent v.展现，表现，代表 99.brain n.大脑 100.experiment n.实验 101.pay attention to 注意
102.little adj.小的
题目
103.researcher n.研究者 104.before 在…之前 105.test n/v.测试 106.feed fed v.饲喂
107.name v.命名 108.train v.训练 109.measure v.测量 110.reward n.奖品
111.experiment n.实验 112.draw v.画画 113.circle n.圆圈 114.touch v.触摸
115.screen n.屏幕 116.watch v.观看 117.video n.视频 118.mix v.混合
119.drink n.饮料 120.perform v.执行 121.basic adj.基础的 122.addition n.加法
123.understand v.理解 124.simple adj.简单的 125.word n.单词 126.memorize v.记忆
127.easily adv.简单地 128.hold one's attention 集中注意力 129.for long 很长时间 130.section n.部分
131.appear v.出现 132.entertainment n.娱乐 133.health n.健康 134.education n.教育
135.science n.科学
三.重点句子
1. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols (consist) of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.
考点：
译：
2. The researchers then tested the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.
考点：
译：
3.Here's Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, led the team, (describe) the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided touch screens.
考点1：
考点2：
考点3：
考点4：
译：
4.After (run) hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, (indicate) that they were performing a calculation, not just (memorize) the value of each combination.
考点1：
考点2：
考点3：
译：
5. When the team (examine) the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended (underestimate) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.
考点1：
考点2：
译：
6. The underestimation was systematic: When (add) two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.
考点：
译：
7.This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."
考点1：
考点2：
译：
四.仿写
1.给我印象最深的是，我们的老师总是营造一种我们可以自由交流的课堂氛围。
2.让我担心的是两周后即将举行的期末考试，所以我必须为它做准备。
3.我想强调的是我们中的每一个人都应该更多地倾听他人。
4.真正要紧的是你是否能全神贯注于你的功课。
5.当看到奶奶苍白的脸和满头的白发，我的眼泪快掉下来了。
答案
一.译文
猴子似乎对数字很有一套。
一组研究人员培训了三只恒河猴去处理26个明显不同的符号。这些符号由数字和精挑细选的字母组成，并且将0-25滴水或果汁作为奖励。然后研究人员测试了猴子是如何组合或添加这些符号以获得奖励的。
哈佛医学院的科学家 Margaret Livingstone，也是这个团队的领导者，是这样描述这个实验的：在它们的笼子里，给猴子们提供了触摸屏。在一部分屏幕上，将出现一个符号，而在另一侧则显示两个符号在一个圆圈里。例如，数字7将在屏幕的一侧出现，另一端是数字9和8。如果猴子触摸屏幕的左侧，它们将获得七滴水或果汁；如果他们选了圆圈，那么在这个例子中，它们将获得数字的总和——17。
在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到：猴子会在一半以上的时间内获得更高的数值。这表明它们正在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每种组合的数值。
当团队更仔细地检查实验结果时，他们注意到，当两个符号的数值接近时，与单个符号相比，猴子们往往会低估总和。这种情况是有选择性的。例如，它们认为13高于8和6的总和。这种低估是有系统的：当两个数字相加时，猴子总是注意两者中较大的一个，然后只加上较小数字的一小部分。
“这表明它们的大脑中有一种表示数量的方式，”Livingstone 博士说。“但在这个实验中，它们正在做的是更多地关注大数字而不是小数字。”
1.研究人员在测试猴子之前对它们做了什么？
A.他们饲喂了它们 B.他们给它们起了名字。
C.他们训练了它们。 D.他们测量了它们。
2.猴子在实验中是如何得到奖励的？
A.通过画一个圆。 B.通过触摸屏幕。
C.通过观看视频。 D.通过混合两种饮料。
3. Livingstone的团队对猴子有什么发现？
A.它们可以做基本的加法。 B.它们能懂简单的单词。
C.它们很容易记性数字。 D.它们可以长时间地保持它们的注意力，
4.这段文字可以出现在报纸的哪一部分？
A.娱乐 B.健康
C.教育 D.科学
二.答案和解析
1.C 细节题。根据文章第二段第一句中A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkey 可知，研究人员在测试猴子之前对它们进行了训练。故正确答案为C。
2.B 细节题。根据第三段第四句中 If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded 可知，在这个实验中，猴子是通过触摸屏幕(touch a screen)的方式以获得相应的奖励的。A项，“通过画圆”；C项，“通过观看视频”；D项，“通过混合两种饮料”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3.A 细节题。根据第三段最后一句中 rewarded with the sum of the numbers 和第四段第一句中 indicating that they were performing a calculation 可知，猴子们可以做简单的加法运算。故正确答案为A。
4.D 推断题。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队对三只猴子进行的实验及其研究发现。如果这篇文章刊登在报纸上，最有可能被放在科学(Science)版块。A项，“娱乐”，B项，“健康”，C项，“教育”，均不符合题意，故A、B、C项均错误。故正确答案为D。
单词梳理
Para 1
1.monkey 2.seem to do sth 3.have a way with sb/sth
Para 2
4.a team of 5.researcher 6.train 7.associate
8.different 9.symbol 10.consist of 11.selective
12.letter 13.drop 14.as 15.reward
16.researcher 17.test bine 19.add
20.symbol 21.reward
Para 3
22.Harvard Medical School 23.scientist 24.lead led 25.team
26.describe 27.experiment 28.cage 29.sb be provided with sth
30.touch 31.screen 32.part 33.screen
34.symbol 35.appear 36.other 37.side
38.symbol 39.inside 40.circle 41.show showed shown
42.flash 43.touch 44.left 45.side
46.screen 47.sb be rewarded with sth 48.seven drops of water 49.circle
50.the sum of 51.example
Para 4
52.run 53.hundreds of 54.test 55.researcher
56.note 57.monkey 58.higher 59.value
60.more than 61.half 62.indicate 63.perform
64.calculation 65.memorize 66.value bination
Para 5
68.team 69.examine 70.result 71.experiment
72.closely 73.notice 74.monkey 75.tend to do sth
76.estimate 77.underestimate 78.sum pare A with B
80.single 81.symbol 82.close 83.in value
84.choosing 85.over 86.the sum of 87.underestimation
88.systematic 89.add 90.pay attention to 91.larger
92.of the two 93.add A to B
Para 6
94.indicate 95.certain 96.way 97.quantity
98.represent 99.brain 100.experiment 101.pay attention to
102.little
题目
103.researcher 104.before 105.test 106.feed fed
107.name 108.train 109.measure 110.reward
111.experiment 112.draw 113.circle 114.touch
115.screen 116.watch 117.video 118.mix
119.drink 120.perform 121.basic 122.addition
123.understand 124.simple 125.word 126.memorize
127.easily 128.hold one's attention 129.for long 130.section
131.appear 132.entertainment 133.health 134.education
135.science
6
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers —17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分)of the smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."
1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A.They fed them.
B.They named them.
C.They trained them.
D.They measured them.
2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A.By drawing a circle.
B.By touching a screen.
C.By watching videos.
D.By mixing two drinks.
3. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys
A.They could perform basic addition.
B.They could understand simple words.
C.They could memorize numbers easily.
D.They could hold their attention for long.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment.
B.Health.
C.Education.
D.Science.
单词梳理
Para 1
1.monkey n.猴子 2.seem to do sth 好像做某事 3.have a way with sb/sth 善于应付某人或某事
Para 2
4.a team of 一队 5.researcher n.研究者 6.train v.训练 7.associate v.联想，联系
8.different adj.不同的 9.symbol n.符号 10.consist of 由…组成 11.selective adj.精挑细选的
12.letter n.字母 13.drop n.滴 14.as 作为 15.reward n.奖品，奖励
16.researcher n.研究者 17.test v.测试 bine v.结合 19.add v.添加
20.symbol n.符号 21.reward n.奖品，奖励
Para 3
22.Harvard Medical School 哈佛医学院 23.scientist n.科学家 24.lead led v.带领 25.team n.团队
26.describe v.描述 27.experiment n.实验 28.cage n.笼子 29.sb be provided with sth 某人被提供某物
30.touch v.触摸 31.screen n.屏幕 32.part n.部分 33.screen n.屏幕
34.symbol n.符号 35.appear v.出现 36.other adj.另一个 37.side n.一边，一侧
38.symbol n.符号 39.inside 在里面 40.circle n.圆圈 41.show showed shown v.展示
42.flash v.显示，闪耀 43.touch v.触摸 44.left adj.左边 45.side n.一边，一侧
46.screen n.屏幕 47.sb be rewarded with sth 某人被奖励了某物 48.seven drops of water 七滴水 49.circle n.圆圈
50.the sum of …的总数 51.example n.例子
Para 4
52.run v.操作 53.hundreds of 数百的 54.test n.测试 55.researcher n.研究者
56.note v.注意到 57.monkey n.猴子 58.higher adj.更高的 59.value n.数值
60.more than 多于，不仅仅 61.half n.一半 62.indicate v.表明，暗示 63.perform v.执行
64.calculation n.计算 65.memorize v.记住 66.value n.数值 bination n.组合
Para 5
68.team n.团队 69.examine v.检查 70.result n.结果 71.experiment n.实验
72.closely adv.细致地 73.notice v.注意到 74.monkey n.猴子 75.tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
76.estimate v.估算 77.underestimate v.低估 78.sum n.总和 pare A with B 拿A和B比较
80.single adj.单个的 81.symbol n.符号 82.close adj.接近 83.in value 在数值上
84.choosing 有选择性的 85.over 高于 86.the sum of …的总和 87.underestimation n低估
88.systematic adj.成体系的，系统的 89.add v.加 90.pay attention to 注意 91.larger adj.更大的
92.of the two 两者之间的 93.add A to B 把A加到B上
Para 6
94.indicate v.表明，暗示 95.certain adj.某个 96.way n.方式，方法 97.quantity n.数量
98.represent v.展现，表现，代表 99.brain n.大脑 100.experiment n.实验 101.pay attention to 注意
102.little adj.小的
题目
103.researcher n.研究者 104.before 在…之前 105.test n/v.测试 106.feed fed v.饲喂
107.name v.命名 108.train v.训练 109.measure v.测量 110.reward n.奖品
111.experiment n.实验 112.draw v.画画 113.circle n.圆圈 114.touch v.触摸
115.screen n.屏幕 116.watch v.观看 117.video n.视频 118.mix v.混合
119.drink n.饮料 120.perform v.执行 121.basic adj.基础的 122.addition n.加法
123.understand v.理解 124.simple adj.简单的 125.word n.单词 126.memorize v.记忆
127.easily adv.简单地 128.hold one's attention 集中注意力 129.for long 很长时间 130.section n.部分
131.appear v.出现 132.entertainment n.娱乐 133.health n.健康 134.education n.教育
135.science n.科学
三.重点句子
1. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols (consist) of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.
考点：
译：
2. The researchers then tested the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.
考点：
译：
3.Here's Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, led the team, (describe) the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided touch screens.
考点1：
考点2：
考点3：
考点4：
译：
4.After (run) hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, (indicate) that they were performing a calculation, not just (memorize) the value of each combination.
考点1：
考点2：
考点3：
译：
5. When the team (examine) the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended (underestimate) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.
考点1：
考点2：
译：
6. The underestimation was systematic: When (add) two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.
考点：
译：
7.This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."
考点1：
考点2：
译：
四.仿写
1.给我印象最深的是，我们的老师总是营造一种我们可以自由交流的课堂氛围。
2.让我担心的是两周后即将举行的期末考试，所以我必须为它做准备。
3.我想强调的是我们中的每一个人都应该更多地倾听他人。
4.真正要紧的是你是否能全神贯注于你的功课。
5.当看到奶奶苍白的脸和满头的白发，我的眼泪快掉下来了。
答案
一.译文
猴子似乎对数字很有一套。
一组研究人员培训了三只恒河猴去处理26个明显不同的符号。这些符号由数字和精挑细选的字母组成，并且将0-25滴水或果汁作为奖励。然后研究人员测试了猴子是如何组合或添加这些符号以获得奖励的。
哈佛医学院的科学家 Margaret Livingstone，也是这个团队的领导者，是这样描述这个实验的：在它们的笼子里，给猴子们提供了触摸屏。在一部分屏幕上，将出现一个符号，而在另一侧则显示两个符号在一个圆圈里。例如，数字7将在屏幕的一侧出现，另一端是数字9和8。如果猴子触摸屏幕的左侧，它们将获得七滴水或果汁；如果他们选了圆圈，那么在这个例子中，它们将获得数字的总和——17。
在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到：猴子会在一半以上的时间内获得更高的数值。这表明它们正在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每种组合的数值。
当团队更仔细地检查实验结果时，他们注意到，当两个符号的数值接近时，与单个符号相比，猴子们往往会低估总和。这种情况是有选择性的。例如，它们认为13高于8和6的总和。这种低估是有系统的：当两个数字相加时，猴子总是注意两者中较大的一个，然后只加上较小数字的一小部分。
“这表明它们的大脑中有一种表示数量的方式，”Livingstone 博士说。“但在这个实验中，它们正在做的是更多地关注大数字而不是小数字。”
1.研究人员在测试猴子之前对它们做了什么？
A.他们饲喂了它们 B.他们给它们起了名字。
C.他们训练了它们。 D.他们测量了它们。
2.猴子在实验中是如何得到奖励的？
A.通过画一个圆。 B.通过触摸屏幕。
C.通过观看视频。 D.通过混合两种饮料。
3. Livingstone的团队对猴子有什么发现？
A.它们可以做基本的加法。 B.它们能懂简单的单词。
C.它们很容易记性数字。 D.它们可以长时间地保持它们的注意力，
4.这段文字可以出现在报纸的哪一部分？
A.娱乐 B.健康
C.教育 D.科学
二.答案和解析
1.C 细节题。根据文章第二段第一句中A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkey 可知，研究人员在测试猴子之前对它们进行了训练。故正确答案为C。
2.B 细节题。根据第三段第四句中 If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded 可知，在这个实验中，猴子是通过触摸屏幕(touch a screen)的方式以获得相应的奖励的。A项，“通过画圆”；C项，“通过观看视频”；D项，“通过混合两种饮料”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3.A 细节题。根据第三段最后一句中 rewarded with the sum of the numbers 和第四段第一句中 indicating that they were performing a calculation 可知，猴子们可以做简单的加法运算。故正确答案为A。
4.D 推断题。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队对三只猴子进行的实验及其研究发现。如果这篇文章刊登在报纸上，最有可能被放在科学(Science)版块。A项，“娱乐”，B项，“健康”，C项，“教育”，均不符合题意，故A、B、C项均错误。故正确答案为D。
单词梳理
Para 1
1.monkey 2.seem to do sth 3.have a way with sb/sth
Para 2
4.a team of 5.researcher 6.train 7.associate
8.different 9.symbol 10.consist of 11.selective
12.letter 13.drop 14.as 15.reward
16.researcher 17.test bine 19.add
20.symbol 21.reward
Para 3
22.Harvard Medical School 23.scientist 24.lead led 25.team
26.describe 27.experiment 28.cage 29.sb be provided with sth
30.touch 31.screen 32.part 33.screen
34.symbol 35.appear 36.other 37.side
38.symbol 39.inside 40.circle 41.show showed shown
42.flash 43.touch 44.left 45.side
46.screen 47.sb be rewarded with sth 48.seven drops of water 49.circle
50.the sum of 51.example
Para 4
52.run 53.hundreds of 54.test 55.researcher
56.note 57.monkey 58.higher 59.value
60.more than 61.half 62.indicate 63.perform
64.calculation 65.memorize 66.value bination
Para 5
68.team 69.examine 70.result 71.experiment
72.closely 73.notice 74.monkey 75.tend to do sth
76.estimate 77.underestimate 78.sum pare A with B
80.single 81.symbol 82.close 83.in value
84.choosing 85.over 86.the sum of 87.underestimation
88.systematic 89.add 90.pay attention to 91.larger
92.of the two 93.add A to B
Para 6
94.indicate 95.certain 96.way 97.quantity
98.represent 99.brain 100.experiment 101.pay attention to
102.little
题目
103.researcher 104.before 105.test 106.feed fed
107.name 108.train 109.measure 110.reward
111.experiment 112.draw 113.circle 114.touch
115.screen 116.watch 117.video 118.mix
119.drink 120.perform 121.basic 122.addition
123.understand 124.simple 125.word 126.memorize
127.easily 128.hold one's attention 129.for long 130.section
131.appear 132.entertainment 133.health 134.education
135.science
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