高考英语专项 语法 时态 8 过去完成时 讲解+练习+答案 past perfect

Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时
主谓模块 1：I had been
我在那之前已经是...(结果)/我在那之前已经是...有一段时间了（“可延续性”）
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
I had been a worker. I had not been a worker. Had you been a worker
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
You had been a worker. You had not been a worker. Had you been a worker
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
He had been a worker. He had not been a worker. Had he been a worker
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
She had been a worker. She had not been a worker. Had she been a worker
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
It had been a worker. It had not been a worker. Had it been a worker
Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
We had been workers. We had not been workers. Had you been workers
Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
You had been workers. You had not been workers. Had you been workers
Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
They had been workers. They had not been workers. Had they been workers
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
主谓模块 2：I had done
我在那之前已经做过...(结果) （“非延续性”）
我在那之前已经做...有一段时间了（“可延续性”）
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
I had worked. I hadn’t worked. Had you worked
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
You had worked. You hadn’t worked. Had you worked
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
He had worked. He hadn’t worked. Had he worked
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
She had worked. She hadn’t worked. Had she worked
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
It had worked. It hadn’t worked. Had it worked
Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
We had worked. We hadn’t worked. Had you worked
Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
You had worked. You hadn’t worked. Had you worked
Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
They had worked. They hadn’t worked. Had they worked
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
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时间模块：Time Markers 时间标志词
事件 A 时间标志词 事件 B
Judy went for a walk after she had finished her work.
朱迪去散步了 在这之前 她已经完成了她的工作。
The plane had taken off when Judy arrived at the airport.
飞机（在这之前）已经起飞了 当 朱迪到达机场的时候
Judy had met the movie star before he became famous.
朱迪已经见过这个电影明星 在...之前 他成名
Judy had lived in China for 10 years by the time she met her friend from Ireland.
朱迪已经在中国生活 10 年了 等到 她遇到了她的爱尔兰朋友
标准句子结构
●主谓模块 1+X+时间模块
Judy had been a good student before she moved to the new school.
在朱迪转到那个新学校之前，她就已经是一个好学生了。
●主谓模块 2+X+时间模块
Judy had cleaned up the mess by the time her parents came back home.
等到朱迪的父母回到家的时候，她在那之前已经做完了清洁。
用法总结
The past perfect simple is used to describe one action that happened before another
action in the past.
过去完成时用于描述在过去的过去发生的一个动作。换句话说，现在有两个都是
发生在过去的动作 A 和 B，我们先用一般过去时描述动作 A，如果动作 B 先于 A
发生，为了突出两个动作的一先一后，那么我们就用过去完成时描述动作 B。
用法简化：
最先发生的动作用过去完成时，
其次发生的动作用一般过去时。
In many cases a complete sentence is written in two parts with two different tenses:
所以一般情况下，一个过去完成时的句子由两部分组成，有两种不同的时态：
Use after, as soon as, the moment that, until before using the past perfect simple.
在使用一般过去时描述动作 A 时，我们在使用过去完成时描述动作 B 的句子之
前使用时间标志词：after, as soon as, the moment that, until。
After she had left, I found her bag.
在她已经离开之后，我发现了她的包。
I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking.
直到她已经说完了，我才开始说话。
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Use before, when, by the time before the past simple:
我们在使用一般过去时描述动作 A 的句子之前使用时间标志词：before, when, by
the time。
Before I knew it, she had run out the door.
还没等我反应过来，她就已经跑出门了。
By the time the police arrived, the robbers had already left.
等到警察赶到的时候，那些劫匪已经离开了。
'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time
earlier than before now, e.g.
Just 与过去完成时连用时表示该动作比另外一个动作稍早发生（即两个动作发生
的时间间隔较短）。
The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
当我到达车站时，列车才刚刚开走。
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Exercise 练习
(1) Fill in the blanks. 完成表格。
主谓模块 1：I had been
我在那之前已经是...(结果)/我在那之前已经是...有一段时间了（“可延续性”）
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
I had been a worker.
You had been a worker.
He had been a worker.
She had been a worker.
It had been a worker.
We had been workers.
You had been workers.
They had been workers.
主谓模块 2：I had done
我在那之前已经做过...(结果) （“非延续性”）
我在那之前已经做...有一段时间了（“可延续性”）
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
I had worked.
You had worked.
He had worked.
She had worked.
It had worked.
We had worked.
You had worked.
They had worked.
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(2) 时间模块：Time Markers 时间标志词
事件 A 时间标志词 事件 B
朱迪去散步了 在这之前 她已经完成了她的工作。
飞机（在这之前）已经起飞了 当 朱迪到达机场的时候
朱迪已经见过这个电影明星 在...之前 他成名
朱迪已经在中国生活 10 年了 等到 她遇到了她的爱尔兰朋友
(3) Write down the past participle forms of the following verbs.
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1 choose _____________ 7 have _____________
2 teach _____________ 8 hear _____________
3 take _____________ 9 want _____________
4 enjoy _____________ 10 pay _____________.
5 keep _____________ 11 stop _____________
6 spend _____________ 12 forget _____________
(4) Complete the sentences with the right form of the verb in brackets.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1 After the company _____Joe, he began to work on his first project. (hire)
2 _____you _______ the news before you saw it on TV (hear)
3 Michael didn’t want to see the movie because he _______ the book yet. (not read)
4 The concert ______ already _______when we _______ the stadium. (begin/ enter)
5 Until Anna ________ Mark, she ____ never ______in love. (meet, be)
6 Bill __________ for years before he finally _______. (smoke / quit)
7 _______ Sara ever _______to New York by herself before then (drive)
8 How many fish ______ the boys _____ by the time it started raining (catch)
9 The teacher ________ the students to go to the beach yesterday. (forbid)
10 Tim was pretty tired because he ___________ (not sleep) well the night before.
(5) Put the words in order according to the passage.
参照短文，将下列乱序的单词重新组成短文中的句子。（注意字母的大小写和标
点符号。）
Judy’s daddy went to Dublin in 1999.
He had never travelled so far before.
Before he booked his trip to Dublin,
he had saved money since 1994.
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To tell the truth, before his trip to Dublin,
he had never been out of his homeland.
He spent many days touring the city
He’s excited about seeing his favorite band.
The city was big. Sometimes he got lost
and hoped people would give him a hand.
That was easy because he had learned
English for 2 years before he went to Ireland.
By the time he left Dublin, he had toured
many beautiful places including the U2 Center.
Before he went to Dublin, he had only seen
those places on TV as far as he could remember.
1 before far so traveled never had he
_________________________________________________________________
2 TV on places those seen only had he Dublin to went he before
_________________________________________________________________
3 had he Dublin to trip his before never homeland his of out
been
_________________________________________________________________
4 places beautiful many toured had he Dublin left he time the
by
_________________________________________________________________
5 Ireland to went he before years 2 learned had he for English
_________________________________________________________________
(6) Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
用下划线勾出句中用错的动词并改正在句后的括号里。
1 Before I knew it, she have run away. ( )
2 By the time Judy gets to the party, everyone had gone home. ( )
3 After I had use the phone, I paid the bill. ( )
4 It had happened so quickly that I don’t notice. ( )
5 We have just gotten home, when we heard the blast outside. ( )
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Key 答案
(1)(2)答案见讲解部分。
(3) Write down the past participle forms of the following verbs.
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1 choose ____chosen_________ 7 have _____had________
2 teach ___taught__________ 8 hear ______heard_______
3 take _____taken________ 9 want _____wanted________
4 enjoy _____enjoyed________ 10 pay _____paid________.
5 keep _____kept________ 11 stop _____stopped________
6 spend _____spent________ 12 forget ______forgotten_______
(4) Complete the sentences with the right form of the verb in brackets.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1 After the company __had hired___Joe, he began to work on his first project. (hire)
2 __Had___you __heard_____ the news before you saw it on TV (hear)
3 Michael didn’t want to see the movie because he ___hadn’t read____ the book yet.
(not read)
4 The concert ___had___ already ___begun____when we __entered_____ the
stadium. (begin/ enter)
5 Until Anna ___met_____ Mark, she __had__ never __been____in love. (meet, be)
6 Bill ___had smoked_______ for years before he finally ___quit____. (smoke / quit)
7 ___Had____ Sara ever __driven_____to New York by herself before then (drive)
8 How many fish ___had___ the boys __caught___ by the time it started raining
(catch)
9 The teacher ___forbade_____ the students to go to the beach yesterday. (forbid)
10 Tim was pretty tired because he ___hadn’t slept________ (not sleep) well the
night before.
(5) Put the words in order according to the passage.
参照短文，将下列乱序的单词重新组成短文中的句子。（注意字母的大小写和标
点符号。）
1 before far so traveled never had he
He had never traveled so far before.
2 TV on places those seen only had he Dublin to went he before
Before he went to Dublin, he had only seen those places on TV
3 had he Dublin to trip his before never homeland his of out
been
Before his trip to Dublin, he had never been out of his homeland.
4 places beautiful many toured had he Dublin left he time the
by
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By the time he left Dublin, he had toured many beautiful places.
5 Ireland to went he before years 2 learned had he for English
He had learned English for 2 years before he went to Ireland.
(6) Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
用下划线勾出句中用错的动词并改正在句后的括号里。
1 Before I knew it, she have run away. ( had )
2 By the time Judy gets to the party, everyone had gone home. ( got )
3 After I had use the phone, I paid the bill. ( used )
4 It had happened so quickly that I don’t notice. ( didn’t )
5 We have just gotten home, when we heard the blast outside. ( had )
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