高考英语专项 语法 时态 17 转述引语之陈述句 讲解+练习+答案 reported statements

Reported Statements
陈述句转述
When do we use reported speech Sometimes someone says a sentence, for
example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone
else what the first person said.
我们何时使用转述引语呢？假设你的朋友 A 说了一句话，比如“我今晚要去看电
影”。稍后，也许你想告诉朋友 B 之前的朋友 A 说了什么。
Here's how it works:
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy.
We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
那么我们采用如下方式：
我们使用“转述动词”，比如：say, tell。如果这个“转述动词”使用的是一般现
在时，那么就很容易。我们只需在原句前加上 She says 之类的即可。
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
直接引语（原话）：我喜欢冰淇淋。
转述引语（转述）：她说她喜欢冰淇淋。
She says that she likes ice cream.
转述动词 转述引语
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the
'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my'
and 'your'.
上述的情况我们不需要改变句子的时态，需要改变的就是把第一人称 I 改成第三
人称 she，或把 my 改成 your。
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in
the reported speech:
但是，如果“转述动词”使用的是过去时，那么通常我们会对转述引语中的时态
进行变化。
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
直接引语（原话）：我喜欢冰淇淋。
转述引语（转述）：她说过她喜欢冰淇淋。
直接引语的各种时态对应的转述引语的时态
Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech
present
I like ice cream. She said (that) she liked ice cream.
simple
present I am living in
She said (that) she was living in London.
continuous London.
She said (that) she had bought a car OR
past simple I bought a car.
She said (that) she bought a car.
past I was walking She said (that) she had been walking along
continuous along the street. the street.
present I haven't seen
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
perfect Julie.
I had taken
She said (that) she had taken English
past perfect* English lessons
lessons before.
before.
will I'll see you later. She said (that) she would see me later.
would* I would help, but..” She said (that) she would help but...
I can speak perfect She said (that) she could speak perfect
can
English. English.
I could swim when She said (that) she could swim when she
could*
I was four. was four.
shall I shall come later. She said (that) she would come later.
I should call my
should* She said (that) she should call her mother
mother.
might* I might be late. She said (that) she might be late.
She said (that) she must study at the
I must study at the
must weekend OR She said she had to study at
weekend.
the weekend.
* doesn't change. 标*的表示时态不变。
Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the
information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are
general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):
有时，我们不需要将一般现在时变成过去时。如果转述引语的信息属于客观事实，
我们可以不用改变时态。
Direct speech: The sky is blue.
Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.
直接引语：天空是蓝色的。
转述引语：她说天空是蓝色的。
Exercise 练习
Change the direct speech into reported speech. 将下列直接引语变成转述引语。
1 “He works in a bank.” she said.
2 “I don’t have a computer.” she said.
3 “Judy left the party early.” she told me.
4 “I came to Dublin in 2008.” she told me.
5 “We’ll meet the children at seven.” she said.
6 “I’m going to eat this.” she said.
7 “We’re working.” she told me.
8 “Jack is reading a book.” she told me.
9 “She has visited New York three times.” she said.
10 “I haven’t seen that movie before.” she told me.
11 “I’m coming!” she said.
12 “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.” she said.
13 “I had never been there before.” she said.
14 “I didn’t go to the party.” she said.
15 “Tim will be here pretty soon.” she said.
16 “I can help you with that.” she said.
17 “You should go to bed early.” she said.
18 “I don’t like rock music.” she told me.
19 “Jack is leaving for Berlin tomorrow.” she said.
20 “I hadn’t travelled by subway before I came to the city.” she said.
Key 答案
1 She said he worked in a bank.
2 She said he didn’t have a computer.
3 She told me Judy had left the party early.
4 She told me she had come to Dublin in 2004.
5 She said they would meet the children at seven.
6 She said she was going to eat that.
7 She told me they were working.
8 She told me Jack was reading a book.
9 She said she had visited New York three times.
10 She told me she hadn’t seen that movie before.
11 She said she was coming.
12 She said she had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
13 She said she had never been there before.
14 She said she hadn’t gone to the party.
15 She said Tim would be here pretty soon.
16 She said she could help me with that.
17 She said I should go to bed early.
18 She told me that she didn’t like rock music.
19 She said Jack was leaving for Berlin tomorrow.
20 She said she hadn’t travelled by subway before she came to the city.