高考英语专项 语法 时态 18 转述引语之疑问句 讲解+练习+答案 reported questions

Reported Questions
疑问句转述
So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and
negative sentences. But how about questions
Direct speech: Where do you live
How can we make the reported speech here
上一节我们掌握了对陈述句的转述，那如果直接引语是疑问句，如：Where do you
live ，我们又该如何进行转述呢？
In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the
same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once
we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to
change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit confusing Maybe this
example will help:
事实上，这和陈述句的转述没什么不同。时态的变化相同，我们只保留疑问词。
不过重要的是，一旦我们把这个“疑问句”告诉别人，这个“疑问句”就不再是
一个疑问句了。所以我们需要把疑问句改成普通的陈述句。还是没懂？我举例帮
助你理解：
对于含 be 的直接引语：
（直接引语）：Where are you （你在哪里？）
（转述引语）：She asked me where I was. （她问我 我在哪里。）
以下为步骤分解。
第 1 步：将直接引语（即疑问句）中的 be 动词 are 移到主语 you 之后（因为要
转换成陈述句，普通的陈述句应该是主语在前，be 动词跟随其后），于是得到这
个结果
where you are
第 2 步：把人称代词 you 改成 I（A 问你，你把 A 的问题转述给 B， 那么“你”
就变成了“我”，那么相应的 be 动词要变成 am），得到这个结果
where I am
第 3 步：加入“主语+转述动词”结构，得到这个结果
She asked me where I am.
第 4 步：按照上节所学“陈述句的转述”对 where I am 这个句子的时态进行处理，
得到最终的结果
She asked me where I was.
对于含 do 的直接引语：
（直接引语）：Where do you live （你住在哪里？）
（转述引语）：She asked me where I lived. （她问我 我住在哪里。）
以下为步骤分解。
第 1 步：去掉直接引语（即疑问句）中的助动词 do（因为要转换成陈述句，普
通的陈述句不需要助动词），于是得到这个结果
where you live
第 2 步：把人称代词 you 改成 I（A 问你，你把 A 的问题转述给 B， 那么“你”
就变成了“我”），得到这个结果
where I live
第 3 步：加入“主语+转述动词”结构，得到这个结果
She asked me where I live.
第 4 步：按照上节所学“陈述句的转述”对 where I live 这个句子的时态进行处
理，得到最终的结果
She asked me where I lived.
综上所述，当你的转换越来越熟练后，你可以逐渐省略第 2 步和第 3 步，直接由
第 1 步进入到第 4 步。
Here are some more examples:
再举几个例子：
Direct Question 直接引语 Reported Question 转述引语
Where is the Post Office, please She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing She asked me what I was doing.
She asked me who that fantastic man had
Who was that fantastic man
been.
But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question We don't have any question
words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':
我们知道疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，刚才针对的是特殊疑问句，接下
来讲解一般疑问句的情况。一般疑问句没有类似 what, where,when 等特殊疑问词
可用，那么我们使用什么词呢？我们使用 if（是否）。
对于含 be 的直接引语：
（直接引语）：Are you a student （你是一名学生吗？）
（转述引语）：She asked me if I was a student. （她问我 我是否是一名学生。）
以下为步骤分解。
第 1 步：将直接引语（即疑问句）中的 be 动词 are 移到主语 you 之后（因为要
转换成陈述句，普通的陈述句应该是主语在前，be 动词跟随其后），于是得到这
个结果
you are a student
第 2 步：把人称代词 you 改成 I（A 问你，你把 A 的问题转述给 B， 那么“你”
就变成了“我”，那么相应的 be 动词要变成 am），得到这个结果
I am a student
第 3 步：加入“主语+转述动词”结构，再加上 if，得到这个结果
She asked me if I am a student.
第 4 步：按照上节所学“陈述句的转述”对 I am a student 这个句子的时态进行
处理，得到最终的结果
She asked me if I was a student.
对于含 do 的直接引语：
（直接引语）：Do you live here （你住在这里吗？）
（转述引语）：She asked me if I lived here. （她问我 我是否住在这里。）
以下为步骤分解。
第 1 步：去掉直接引语（即疑问句）中的助动词 do（因为要转换成陈述句，普
通的陈述句不需要助动词），于是得到这个结果
you live here
第 2 步：把人称代词 you 改成 I（A 问你，你把 A 的问题转述给 B， 那么“你”
就变成了“我”），得到这个结果
I live here
第 3 步：加入“主语+转述动词”结构，再加上 if，得到这个结果
She asked me if I live here.
第 4 步：按照上节所学“陈述句的转述”对 I live here 这个句子的时态进行处理，
得到最终的结果
She asked me if I lived here.
No problem Here are a few more examples:
没问题了吧？再举几个例子。
Direct Question 直接引语 Reported Question 转述引语
Do you love me He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you living here She asked me if I was living here.
最后总结，在对疑问句进行转述时，一定要注意两个方面的转换：
1. 疑问句中人称的转换
2. 疑问句中时态的转换
Exercise 练习
Change the direct speech into reported speech. 将下列直接引语变成转述引语。
1 “Where is he ” she asked me.
2 “What are you doing ” she asked me.
3 “Why did you go out last night ” she asked me.
4 “Who was that handsome guy ” she asked me.
5 “How is your mother ” she asked me.
6 “What are you going to do next Monday ” she asked me.
7 “Where will you live after graduation ” she asked me.
8 “What were you doing when I saw you ” she asked me.
9 “How was your trip ” she asked me.
10 “How often do you go to the supermarket ” she asked me.
11 “Do you live in China ” she asked me.
12 “Did he arrive on time ” she asked me
13 “Have you been to Dublin ” she asked me.
14 “Can you help me ” she asked me.
15 “Are you working tomorrow ” she asked me.
16 “Will you come later ” she asked me.
17 “Do they like coffee ” she asked me.
18 “Is this your daughter ” she asked me.
19 “Did you find your cell phone ” she asked me.
20 “Have you heard of him before ” she asked me.
Key 答案
1 She asked me where he was.
2 She asked me what I was doing.
3 She asked me why I had gone out last night.
4 She asked me who that handsome guy had been.
5 She asked me how my mother was.
6 She asked me what I was going to do next Monday.
7 She asked me where I would live after graduation.
8 She asked me what I had been doing when she saw me.
9 She asked me how my trip had been.
10 She asked me how often I went to the supermarket.
11 She asked me if I lived in China.
12 She asked me if he had arrived on time.
13 She asked me if I had been to Dublin.
14 She asked me if I could help her.
15 She asked me if I was working tomorrow/the next day.
16 She asked me if I would come later.
17 She asked me if they liked coffee.
18 She asked me if this/that was my daughter.
19 She asked me if I had found my cell phone.
20 She asked me if I had heard of him before.