高考英语专项 语法 时态 21 被动句之单宾语 讲解+练习+答案

The Passive Voice
被动句之单宾语
An active sentence like I drank two cups of coffee has the subject first (the person or
thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing
that the action happens to).
So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'drank' and the object is 'two cups of
coffee'.
先看一个我们常见的主动句：
I drank coffee.
主语 谓语动词 宾语
我 喝了 咖啡。
标准的“主谓宾”（xx做xx）结构的句子中，首先是主语（动作发出者），然后是
动词，最后是宾语（动作接收者），这就是“主动句”。
所以，在以上例子中，主语是“I”，动词是“drank”，宾语是“coffee”。
But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put the object
first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can happen for lots of
reasons (see the explanation further down the page). In this case, we can use a passive,
which puts the object first:
Two cups of coffee were drunk (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary).
但是，我们并不是非得这样造句。有时我们也可能想先说出动作的接收者，或者我
们不想说谁做了什么。这样做有很多原因（请参阅后面的解释）。在这种情况下，
我们就可以使用“被动句”，它将动作接收者放在第一位：
Coffee was drunk.
咖啡 被 喝了。
如果愿意，我们也可以在句子最后面加上by me（由我），表示动作的发出者，当
然这取决于表达的需要：
Coffee was drunk by me
咖啡 被我 喝了。
How to make the Passive in English
各个时态对应的主动句（do）
Past Present Future
过去 现在 将来
Simple I played the game. I play the game.
I will play the game.
一般 He plays the game.
Progressive I will be playing the
I was playing the game. I am playing the game.
进行 game.
I have played the
Perfect game. I will have played the
I had played the game.
完成 He has played the game.
game.
I have been playing the
Perfect
I had been playing the game. I will have been playing
Progressive
game. He has been playing the game.
完成进行
the game.
各个时态对应的被动句（do）
Past Present Future
过去 现在 将来
Simple The game was played The game is played by The game will be played
一般 by me. me. by me.
Progressive The game was being The game is being The game will be being
进行 played by me. played by me. played by me.
Perfect The game had been The game has been The game will have
完成 played by me. played by me. been played by me.
Exercise 练习
Make the sentences passive. 将下列主动句变成被动句。
1 Somebody sends an email.
2 Somebody often steals cars.
3 Somebody loves Judy.
4 She cuts her hair.
5 Somebody found the key.
6 Somebody forgot the book.
7 Somebody closed the door.
8 Judy told me to do so.
9 Somebody has watered the plants.
10 Somebody has killed the President.
11 Somebody has fired Tim.
12 Judy has downloaded all the songs.
13 Somebody will process your application.
14 Somebody will elaborate on that.
15 Somebody will take your order.
16 Tim will prepare everything for you.
17 The Government is planning a new road.
18 Van Gogh was painting Starry Night at that time.
19 Judy had read two books before that.
20 By this time tomorrow we will have completed the work.
21 Somebody should clean up the mess.
22 The traffic might have delayed Jim.
23 People speak English in Ireland.
24 The guy might hit me.
25 Somebody must listen to this.
Key 答案
Make the sentences passive. 将下列主动句变成被动句。
1 An email is sent (by somebody).
2 Cars are often stolen (by somebody).
3 Judy is loved (by somebody).
4 Her hair is cut (by her).
5 The key was found (by somebody).
6 The book was forgotten (by somebody).
7 The door was closed (by somebody).
8 I was told to do so (by Judy).
9 The plants have been watered (by somebody).
10 The President has been killed (by somebody).
11 Tim has been fired (by somebody).
12 All the songs have been downloaded (by Judy).
13 Your application will be processed (by somebody).
14 That will be elaborated on (by somebody).
15 Your order will be taken (by somebody).
16 Everything will be prepared for you (by Tim).
17 A new road is being planned (by the Government).
18 Starry Night was being painted by Van Gogh at that time.
19 Two books had been read by Judy before that.
20 By this time tomorrow the work will have been completed (by us).
21 The mess should be cleaned up (by somebody).
22 Jim might have been delayed by the traffic.
23 English is spoken (by people) in Ireland.
24 I might be hit by the guy.
25 This must be listened to (by somebody).