上海市闸北第八中学2023 学年度第一学期期中卷(2023.11)
高三英语
(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: In Section: A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted.
C. He is hungry. D. He is disappointed.
2. A. Go over his lessons. B. Attend the party.
C. Eat out with friends. D. Take the final exam.
3. A. She is most likely to be arrested.
B. She has forgotten to call the police.
C. She may have lost her driving license.
D. She is lying to the police officer.
4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.
C. Bill failed in the test. D. Mum is worried about Bill’s work.
5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.
C. Drop out of school. D. Quit her present job.
6. A. She gave him a lift home again.
B. She offered him an extra room.
C. She treated him well at her home.
D She spared much time for him.
7. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.
B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.
C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.
D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.
8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.
C. Bungee jumping. D. Diving safety.
9. A. She likes Phillips’ singing very much.
B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.
C. She enjoys the changes of his musicals.
D. She admires other singers more than Phillips.
10. A. American students are too talkative in class.
B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.
C. One can join in schooling in different ways.
D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.
Section B (15%)
Directions: In Section B , you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.
B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.
C. One should try to take control of the difficult situation.
D. One should turn to other people for instant help.
12. A. By motivating himself to take action.
B. By seeking help from his friends.
C. By thinking of the meaning of life.
D. By taking good care of himself.
13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.
B Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happens.
C. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crises.
D. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. In 1969. B. In 2012. C. In 1976. D. In 2016.
15 A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.
B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.
C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U. S.
D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.
16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.
B. For his academic performance in technology.
C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.
D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.
B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.
C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.
D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.
18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.
B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.
C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.
D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.
19 A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.
B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.
C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.
D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.
20. A. Raise people’s awareness of caring for the old.
B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.
C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.
D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about growing old.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Bob Dylan wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature
US music legend Bob Dylan won the Nobel Literature Prize on Thursday, the first songwriter to win the prestigious award in a decision ____1____ surprised prize watchers.
The 75-year-old Dylan —best known for tunes like “Blowin’ in the Wind” and “Like a Rolling Stone” ____2____ (honor) “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”, the Swedish Academy said.
The choice was met by gasps and a long round of applause from reporters ____3____ (attend) the prize announcement. The folk singer has been mentioned in Nobel speculation in the past few years, ____4____ he was never seen as a serious competitor.
“Dylan has the status of ____5____ important symbol. His influence on contemporary music is profound,” the academy wrote in biographical notes about the famously private singer.
The Nobel is the latest award for the singer, who has come a long way from his humble beginnings as Robert Allen Zimmerman, born in 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, and who taught ____6____ to play the harmonica, guitar and piano.
Initially ____7____ (encourage) by the music of folk singer Woody Guthrie, Robert Allen changed his name to Bob Dylan and began performing in local nightclubs.
____8____ dropping out of college, he moved to New York in 1960. His ____9____ (early) album contained only two original songs, but the 1963 breakthrough The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan featured a number of his own songs, ____10____ (include) the classic Blowin’ in the Wind.
Section B (10%)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose
G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food ___11___at the supermarket. Since you really___12___yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it This is where a "choice architect" can help___13___some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to___14___healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with___15___hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ___16___foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains___17___by looking at the lights on the package. A green light ___18___that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be___19___; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in ___20___. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A(15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, ___21___ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the ___22___ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.
Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into ___23___ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to ___24___.
There are many different ways used to ___25___ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, ___26___ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend ___27___ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to ___28___ periodically.
Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ___29___ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ____30____ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a ____31____ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of ____32____loneliness.
Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the ____33____ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ____34____, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals ____35____creative activities.
21. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence
22. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence
23. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar
24. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with
25. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat
26. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing
27. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group
28. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise
29. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease
30. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping
31. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent
32. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving
33. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic
34. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise
35. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered by
Section B ( 22%)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.
But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.
It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.
So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.
How were they able to make this happen It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.
For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.
Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”
36. What led to the setting up of the UIA
A. The low graduation rates B. The great need of low-income students.
C. The inefficiency of learning D. The severe competition between schools
37. The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities ____.
A. find out their own graduation rates
B. share and follow each other’s good practice
C. make joint efforts to aid students financially
D. popularize computer programs among students
38. By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State__________.
A. has found the computer program quite different from theirs
B. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to use
C. has helped students successfully with the computer program
D. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program
39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-Incomes
B. Universities Computing for Better Students and Teachers
C. Universities Working Together to Help Poor Students
D. Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information
(B)
Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.
Need inspiration
Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.
History lovers Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun—it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously.
Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide
Feeling hungry
A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.
A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies(威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.
Shopping centre
Princes Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners department store.
Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.
Hidden Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.
Need trains to Edinburgh We’ll get you sorted...
40. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ________.
A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping
B. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive
C. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols
D. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols
41. The underlined word “edible” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. beautiful B. eatable C. visible D. delicate
42. This page is most likely to be found at ________.
A. http: //www./en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh
B. https: //www./en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh
C. https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview
D. http: //www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk/discover/about-the-castle
(C)
The battle for women’s right to vote
One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about
The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all– they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t want the vote. This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wicked folly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant to back the cause.
It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands – both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.
However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutally force-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant – smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.
With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions (军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.
43. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote
A. Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands.
B. Women were too weak to fight against enemies.
C. Women had already enjoyed many political rights.
D. Women were not as intelligent as men.
44. According to the passage, why did women’s campaigning arouse debate
A. Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices.
B. Because women were put in prison and abused during the protest.
C. Because most women didn’t want the vote.
D. Because all the emotional behaviors were regarded as improper.
45. The word “militant” (in Line 5, Para.4) probably refers to _______.
A. imposing. B. extreme. C. negative. D. obedient.
46. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.
B. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.
C. The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights.
D. All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act.
Section C(8%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. ____47____
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
____48____ They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. ____49____ The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. ____50____
A. Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks.
B. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
C. One line should be large trees.
D. But here is something interesting about windbreaks.
E. Then the soil will be washed away.
F. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
Section D (10 分)
51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Four-day Workweek
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law required companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone(容易出错的) employees for the same money, which would increase company profits.
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.
Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
第Ⅱ卷(共 40分)
I. Translation (15% )
52. 年轻人对流行歌手相当熟悉。(familiar)(汉译英)
53. 他已经向野生动物保护组织捐赠了所有筹集来的资金。(donate)(汉译英)
54. 当地政府已经发起了一项活动来促进垃圾分类。(campaign)(汉译英)
55. 遍布全世界的年轻人全都自告奋勇去用自己的知识和技能帮助他人。(volunteer)(汉译英)
II. Guided Writing (25%)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below.
下图反映的是网络时代所出现的一种问题，有些孩子沉溺于网上交流而忽视了与父母的沟通。请你根据对该漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文。该文应包含以下要点：
1.你对此现象的看法。
2.我们该如何主动和父母亲沟通。
3.文中不得出现任何个人信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海市闸北第八中学2023 学年度第一学期期中卷(2023.11)
高三英语
(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: In Section: A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted.
C. He is hungry. D. He is disappointed.
2. A. Go over his lessons. B. Attend the party.
C. Eat out with friends. D. Take the final exam.
3. A. She is most likely to be arrested.
B. She has forgotten to call the police.
C. She may have lost her driving license.
D. She is lying to the police officer.
4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.
C. Bill failed in the test. D. Mum is worried about Bill’s work.
5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.
C. Drop out of school. D. Quit her present job.
6. A. She gave him a lift home again.
B. She offered him an extra room.
C. She treated him well at her home.
D. She spared much time for him.
7. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.
B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.
C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.
D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.
8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.
C. Bungee jumping. D. Diving safety.
9. A. She likes Phillips’ singing very much.
B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.
C. She enjoys the changes of his musicals.
D. She admires other singers more than Phillips.
10. A. American students are too talkative in class.
B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.
C. One can join in schooling in different ways.
D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.
Section B (15%)
Directions: In Section B , you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.
B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.
C. One should try to take control of the difficult situation.
D. One should turn to other people for instant help.
12. A. By motivating himself to take action.
B. By seeking help from his friends.
C. By thinking of the meaning of life.
D. By taking good care of himself.
13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.
B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happens.
C. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crises.
D. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. In 1969. B. In 2012. C. In 1976. D. In 2016.
15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.
B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.
C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U. S.
D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.
16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.
B. For his academic performance in technology.
C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.
D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.
B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.
C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.
D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.
18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.
B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.
C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.
D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.
19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.
B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.
C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.
D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.
20. A. Raise people’s awareness of caring for the old.
B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.
C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.
D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about growing old.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Bob Dylan wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature
US music legend Bob Dylan won the Nobel Literature Prize on Thursday, the first songwriter to win the prestigious award in a decision ____1____ surprised prize watchers.
The 75-year-old Dylan —best known for tunes like “Blowin’ in the Wind” and “Like a Rolling Stone” ____2____ (honor) “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”, the Swedish Academy said.
The choice was met by gasps and a long round of applause from reporters ____3____ (attend) the prize announcement. The folk singer has been mentioned in Nobel speculation in the past few years, ____4____ he was never seen as a serious competitor.
“Dylan has the status of ____5____ important symbol. His influence on contemporary music is profound,” the academy wrote in biographical notes about the famously private singer.
The Nobel is the latest award for the singer, who has come a long way from his humble beginnings as Robert Allen Zimmerman, born in 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, and who taught ____6____ to play the harmonica, guitar and piano.
Initially ____7____ (encourage) by the music of folk singer Woody Guthrie, Robert Allen changed his name to Bob Dylan and began performing in local nightclubs.
____8____ dropping out of college, he moved to New York in 1960. His ____9____ (early) album contained only two original songs, but the 1963 breakthrough The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan featured a number of his own songs, ____10____ (include) the classic Blowin’ in the Wind.
【答案】1. that##which
2. was honored
3. attending
4. but 5. an
6. himself
7. encouraged
8. After 9. earliest
10. including
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了音乐传奇鲍勃迪伦因为诗意的歌词而获得诺贝尔文学奖，并讲述了他的音乐历程。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：周四，美国音乐界传奇人物鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖，成为首位获得这一著名奖项的词曲作者，这一决定令观察人士感到意外。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是decision，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that或which。
【2题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：瑞典文学院表示，现年75岁的迪伦因“在伟大的美国歌曲传统中创造了新的诗意表达”而获奖。由said和句意可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时。句子主语The 75-year-old Dylan和honor“给与……的光荣”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The 75-year-old Dylan为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was honored。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：出席颁奖仪式的记者们对这一选择报以喘息和长时间的掌声。本句谓语为was met，此处为非谓语动词，且reporters与attend“出席”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填attending。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：在过去的几年里，这位民谣歌手一直在诺贝尔奖的猜测中被提及，但他从未被视为一个严肃的竞争对手。前后句意存在转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
【5题详解】
考查冠词。句意：迪伦有一个重要的象征地位。泛指“一个重要的象征地位”，所以用不定冠词，icon是以以元音音素开头的，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
【6题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：诺贝尔奖是为这位歌手颁发的最新奖项，1941年出生于明尼苏达州德卢斯的罗伯特·艾伦·齐默曼出身卑微，他自学了口琴、吉他和钢琴。who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the singer，本空指主语本身，所以用反身代词，主语who指代先行词the singer，是个男的，故用himself“他自己”，作taught的宾语。故填himself。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初受到民谣歌手伍迪·格思里音乐的鼓舞，罗伯特·艾伦改名为鲍勃·迪伦，并开始在当地的夜总会表演。本句谓语为changed，此处为非谓语动词，且Robert Allen与encourage“鼓舞”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填encouraged。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：大学辍学后，他于1960年搬到了纽约。根据句意可知，要填的词为after“在……之后”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填After。
【9题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：他最早的专辑中只有两首原创歌曲，但1963年的突破之作《自由的鲍勃·迪伦》收录了许多他自己的歌曲，包括经典的《在风中飘荡》。表示“最早的”作定语修饰名词album，所以用形容词最高级earliest。故填earliest。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：他最早的专辑中只有两首原创歌曲，但1963年的突破之作《自由的鲍勃·迪伦》收录了许多他自己的歌曲，包括经典的《在风中飘荡》。表示“包括”用介词including。故填including。
Section B (10%)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose
G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food ___11___at the supermarket. Since you really___12___yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it This is where a "choice architect" can help___13___some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to___14___healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with___15___hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ___16___foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains___17___by looking at the lights on the package. A green light ___18___that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be___19___; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in ___20___. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
【答案】11. G 12. C 13. I 14. F 15. E 16. B 17. K 18. J 19. A 20. H
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是“choice architect”，还有一种是“交通灯系统”。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，你没有时间仔细计划菜单和阅读超市的食品标签。结合句意表示“标签”用名词label，作宾语，超市食物不止一种，故label引用复数形式。所以选G。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：既然你真正的想致力于健康的生活方式，一点点小的帮助都是很方便的。结合句意表达“致力于”用动词短语commit oneself to sth.，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语动词用原形。所以选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：这里有一个“choice architect”可以帮助你缓解自己做这件事的负担。结合句意表达“减轻”用动词relieve，根据help do sth.“帮助做某事”可知，此处应用动词原形。所以选I。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：政府不会通过法律强加健康的生活方式，例如抽烟。结合句意表达“强加”用动词impose，have to后面用动词原形。所以选F。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个想法结合了选择的自由和选择建筑师的温和暗示，他们的目标是帮助人们活得更长、更健康、更幸福。结合句意表达“温柔的，温和的”应用形容词gentle，作定语修饰名词hints。所以选E。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：英国和瑞典政府已经介绍了所谓的“交通灯系统”来将食物分类为健康或不健康。结合句意表达“分类”用动词classify，表目的应用不定式，to后接动词原形。所以选B。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：消费者通过简单的看看包装上的灯就可以看见产品包含的脂肪糖和盐。结合句意表示“简单地”应用副词simply，作状语，修饰动词see。所以选K。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。结合句意表示“发信号，表示”应用动词signal，空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和下文are判断为一般现在时，主语a green light为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。所以选J。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。结合句意表示“警觉的”应用形容alert，作表语。所以选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。结合句意表达“适度”应用名词moderation，作宾语，抽象概念，不可数。所以选H。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A(15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, ___21___ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the ___22___ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.
Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into ___23___ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to ___24___.
There are many different ways used to ___25___ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, ___26___ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend ___27___ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to ___28___ periodically.
Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ___29___ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ____30____ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a ____31____ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of ____32____loneliness.
Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the ____33____ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ____34____, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals ____35____creative activities.
21. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence
22. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence
23. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar
24. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with
25. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat
26. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing
27. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group
28. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise
29. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease
30. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping
31. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent
32. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving
33 A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic
34. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise
35. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered by
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了产生孤独的原因，解决孤独的方法。最后作者还提到，孤独对创意的工作是有某种程度上的积极作用的。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是分手、离婚或失去任何重要的长期关系的常见后果，但通常是暂时的。A. type 类型；B. concern 担心，关心；C. consequence 结果，后果；D. evidence证据。根据上下文，前句提到“孤独”有很多种原因。划线前的it指的就是“孤独”，而后面提及的“分手，离婚或者失去任何重要的长期关系”是会造成一个结果即孤独。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，孤独可能是因为失去一个特定的人，也可能是因为退出社交圈。A. withdrawal 撤退，收回；B. absence 缺席；C. disappearance 消失；D. presence 存在，出席。分析上下文，上文提到了 “失去任何重要的长期关系” 和此处项呼应表示退出社交圈。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：孤独感也可能是任何社会破坏性事件的结果，比如从家乡搬到陌生的社区导致思乡。A. informal 非正式的；B. uncertain 不确定的；C. relevant 相关的；D. unfamiliar 不熟悉的。根据上下文，划线后面提到了 “思乡” ，是因为不熟悉陌生的社区导致的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：孤独感也可能发生在人口密度较低的地方，那里与之交往的人相对较少。A. turn to 求助于；B. interact with 交流，互动；C. long for 渴望；D. share with与……分享。根据上下文，划线前提到“人口密度低”，所以与人的互动会比较少。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有许多不同的方法用来治疗孤独。A. release 释放，开放，发泄；B. observe 观察，遵守，庆祝；C. monitor 监督；D. treat 治疗。根据上下文，从第5空开始，后文再讲述治疗孤独的方法。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在治疗过程中，重点是了解问题的原因，扭转由问题引起的消极思想、感觉和态度，并探索帮助患者感到相互联系的方法。A. reversing 颠倒，完全改变；B. directing 指导；C. measuring 丈量；D. pursuing 追求，追逐。根据上下文，此处的动词和前句的“了解问题”以及后句的“探索方法”构成内在的逻辑。先了解原因，扭转思想，感觉和态度再探索方法。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些医生还建议将团体治疗作为与其他患者联系和建立支持系统的手段。A. long-term 长期的；B. sightseeing 观光的，旅游的；C. patient 耐心的；D. group团体的。分析上下文，根据划线后提到“和其他患者的相互联系和建立支持系统”可知，这是一种“群体治疗方法”。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些病人可能对某种药物产生耐药性，需要定期更换。A. quit 离开，放弃；B. evolve 发展，进化；C. switch 开关，转换；D. exercise 锻炼，练习。分析上下文，划线前提到因为“可能对某种药物产生耐药性”，所才需要定期“更换”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究和调查表明，狗、猫、兔子和豚鼠等动物同伴的存在可以缓解一些患者的孤独感或抑郁情绪。A. confirm 确认，证实；B. protest 抗议；C. enhance 加强；D. ease 减轻。分析上下文，此处讲的是另外一种治疗办法---利用动物的陪伴。下文提到养宠物还有很多其他的健康益处，比如降低血压。所以可知，动物同伴给患者带来了好处，可以缓解患者的孤独感或抑郁情绪。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了动物本身提供陪伴之外，与其他宠物主人交往的机会也可能增加。A. socializing 社交，交际；B. interfering 妨碍；C. comparing 比较，对照；D. coping 复制，抄写。分析上下文，养动物的人会和其他宠物主人交流，因此会增加与其他宠物主人交往的机会。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。此外，其他一些替代方法可能包括锻炼、节食等，许多患者发现这些方法对缓解症状有恢复作用。A. historic 历史性的，有历史意义的；B. restorative 有助于复原的，恢复健康的；C. decisive 决定性的，果断的；D. permanent 永久的，永恒的。分析上下文可知，此处仍在讲述治疗孤独症的方法。此处的锻炼，节食等都是有助于缓解孤独，恢复健康的。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究结果还表明，纠正不适应的社会认知提供了减少孤独的最佳机会。A. promoting 促进，晋升；B. enhancing 加强；C. reducing 减少；D. striving 努力，奋斗。分析上下文，根据划线前提到“纠正不适应的社会认知”可知，也是治疗孤独的方法，可以减少孤独。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：然而，孤独有时在创作过程中扮演着重要的角色。A. creative 有创意的；B. musical 音乐的；C. artistic 艺术的；D. poetic 诗歌的。分析上下文，根据后文提到了 “creative expression” 和 “creative activities” 可知，第13空A选项和他们相呼应，都在强调创作过程。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着孤独本身就保证了这种创造力，相反，它可能对艺术家的题材产生影响，更有可能出现在从事创作活动的个人身上。A. however 然而；B. therefore 因此；C. rather 相反；D. otherwise 否则。分析上下文，划线前提到“孤独本身无法保证创造力”，而后文提到“只是对艺术家的题材产生影响”。此处前后两句表示“对立”。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：更有可能出现在从事创作活动的个人身上。A. restricted to 限制；B. engaged in 从事，忙于；C. concerned about 担心，关心；D. altered by 改变。分析上下文，前句提到孤独对艺术的影响体现在艺术家的题材和个人身上，此处的个人是“从事”创作的人。也是和前文提到的poet和musicians等。故选B项。
Section B ( 22%)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
In the world of higher education in the United States competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.
But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.
It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.
So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.
How were they able to make this happen It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.
For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.
Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”
36. What led to the setting up of the UIA
A. The low graduation rates B. The great need of low-income students.
C. The inefficiency of learning D. The severe competition between schools
37. The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities ____.
A. find out their own graduation rates
B. share and follow each other’s good practice
C. make joint efforts to aid students financially
D. popularize computer programs among students
38. By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State__________.
A. has found the computer program quite different from theirs
B. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to use
C. has helped students successfully with the computer program
D. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program
39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-Incomes
B. Universities Computing for Better Students and Teachers
C. Universities Working Together to Help Poor Students
D. Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密歇根州立大学和其他10所大学创建了一个名为“大学创新联盟”(UIA)的组织，主要是用于帮助低收入家庭的毕业生共享与毕业率这个问题相关的信息。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem.可知这里problem指的是第三段But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education. 低收入家庭的大学生完成学业的可能性低于其他学生。故选A项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段How were they able to make this happen It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.他们是怎么做到的 首先，每所大学都要审视自己的情况，找出哪些是对的，哪些是错的。可知UIA的运作方式是各成员大学分享和遵循彼此的良好做法。故选B项。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious.可知计算机程序的顾问可以帮助有不同困难的学生，也就是说密歇根州立大学已经利用计算机程序成功地帮助学生。故选C项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文描述尤其是在第四段So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income.可知，这些大学创建了一个名为“大学创新联盟”(UIA)的组织，目的是为了帮助这些低收入家庭的学生顺利毕业。故选C项。
(B)
Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.
Need inspiration
Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.
History lovers Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun—it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously.
Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide
Feeling hungry
A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.
A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies(威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.
Shopping centre
Princes Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners department store.
Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.
Hidden Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.
Need trains to Edinburgh We’ll get you sorted...
40. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ________.
A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping
B. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive
C. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols
D. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols
41. The underlined word “edible” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. beautiful B. eatable C. visible D. delicate
42. This page is most likely to be found at ________.
A. http: //www./en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh
B. https: //www./en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh
C. https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview
D. http: //www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk/discover/about-the-castle
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Shopping centre”下面的“Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.(哈维·尼科尔斯：一个奢华的代名词，哈维·尼克斯深受时尚界人士的喜爱。古奇、维多利亚·贝克汉姆和马克·雅可布会试图将你与现金分开。)”可推测出，在哈维·尼科尔斯可以找到许多高端的品牌。故选C。
【41题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“A satisfying dinner”和画线词前的“With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, home-grown fresh fruits”可知，这里说的是餐饮的食材来自当地的种植者，其中有自家种植的新鲜水果，由此可推测出，这里说的是可以食用的鲜花。edible意为“可食用的”，与eatable意思接近。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章开头图片中的“Edinburgh—the fourth most beautiful city in the world(爱丁堡——世界上第四美丽的城市)”以及第一段“Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.(这里有一些我们最喜欢的用餐、观光和购物地点。)”和下文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方的概述，C选项中的edinburgh-overview意为“爱丁堡概述”，由此可推知，这一页有可能在https: //www./our-destinations/edinburgh-overview网址中找到。故选C。
(C)
The battle for women’s right to vote
One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about
The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all– they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t want the vote. This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wicked folly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant to back the cause.
It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands – both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.
However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutally force-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant – smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.
With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions (军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.
43. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote
A. Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands.
B. Women were too weak to fight against enemies.
C. Women had already enjoyed many political rights.
D. Women were not as intelligent as men.
44. According to the passage, why did women’s campaigning arouse debate
A. Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices.
B Because women were put in prison and abused during the protest.
C. Because most women didn’t want the vote.
D. Because all the emotional behaviors were regarded as improper.
45. The word “militant” (in Line 5, Para.4) probably refers to _______.
A. imposing. B. extreme. C. negative. D. obedient.
46. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.
B. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.
C. The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights.
D. All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act.
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国女性为争取投票权的斗争。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights;”可知，妇女在精神上不如男人（不如男人聪明）；她们的“自然领域”是在家里（做家务和为丈夫服务）；她们不能为国家而战（太软弱，不能与敌人作战），以上三点是妇女没有资格投票的原因，而不包括妇女已经享有很多政治权利，故C项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed”可知，然而，妇女的运动仍然是一个争论的话题，虽然大多数历史学家都认为，这些运动最初在动员妇女和强调不公正方面非常有效，但随后出现了一系列大规模游行，由此可知，妇女运动引起争论是因为所有的情感行为都被认为是不恰当的，故D项正确。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes.”可知，她们砸碎商店的窗户，纵火焚烧信箱、图书馆，甚至房屋，这些都说明她们的行为变得越来越极端，由此可知画线词词义为“极端的”，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions (军需品) factories, engineering works.”可知，妇女停止了争取投票权的运动，超过100万妇女在家外新就业，她们在军火工厂、工程厂工作，由此可知，妇女不再为投票而抗议是因为她们得到了更多的工作机会，故A项正确。
【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，画线词后出现的破折号往往是重要线索，因为破折号后的内容往往是对画线词的解释说明或举例说明，例如本篇第3题，根据破折号后的“smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes.”可知，她们砸碎商店的窗户，纵火焚烧信箱、图书馆，甚至房屋，这些都说明她们的行为变得越来越极端，由此可知画线词词义为“极端的”，故B项正确。
Section C(8%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. ____47____
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
____48____ They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. ____49____ The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. ____50____
A. Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks.
B. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
C. One line should be large trees.
D. But here is something interesting about windbreaks.
E. Then the soil will be washed away.
F. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. C 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防风林的作用和特点。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants.(防风林是由树木和其他植物形成的屏障)”可知，上文提到了防风林的概念，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。选项B“农民在田地周围种植这些障碍物”符合语境，介绍了防风林通常出现在哪儿，故选B。
【48题详解】
根据后文“They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.(当它们允许一些风穿过田地周围树木或植物的屏障时，它们似乎效果最好。如果不是，那么靠近地面的空气运动将抬升土壤。然后土壤就会被吹走)”可知，后文提到允许风穿过屏障的效果最好，可知是在介绍防风林原理的一些相关知识。故选项D“但这里有一些关于防风林的有趣之处”可以反映本段的主题，介绍一些关于防风林的有趣之处，故选D。
【49题详解】
根据上文“There should be at least two lines in each windbreak.(每个防风林至少要有两行)”以及后句后文“The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves.(第二行，就在它旁边，可以是较矮的树和其他有叶子的植物)”可知，上文提到防风林有两行，后文提到了第二行，可知本句是在说明第一行。故选项C“一行应该是大树”符合语境，介绍防风林的构成，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture.(树木减少了风和雨的破坏性影响。它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。树木可以为农业提供另一种有价值的服务)”可知，本句承接上文，说明树木提供的另一种有价值的服务具体是什么。故选项F“它们可以为放牧动物提供遮阳处”可以承接上文，介绍树木的另一个作用，故选F。
Section D (10 分)
51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Four-day Workweek
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law required companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone(容易出错的) employees for the same money, which would increase company profits.
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.
Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
【答案】 Working for four days a week with less pay would be beneficial at three levels. First, companies could increase profits by hiring more energetic and alert employees without increasing payroll costs. Second, the country would have lower unemployment rates with more people at work. Finally, employees would improve the quality of their lives with more free time. (57 words)
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以一项新的工作制度“每周工作四天”为话题，讲述了该工作制度在三个层次能够带来的好处。如果员工可以每周工作四天，工资是正常工资的80%，这将有利于整个经济，也有利于个人公司和决定接受这一选择的员工。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①If a law required companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
②The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work.
③For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates.
④Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
2.缜密构思
将每个要点简化重组。
3.遣词造句
①Working for four days a week with less pay would be beneficial at three levels.
②Companies could increase profits by hiring more energetic and alert employees without increasing payroll costs.
③The country would have lower unemployment rates with more people at work.
④Employees would improve the quality of their lives with more free time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Working for four days a week with less pay would be beneficial at three levels.(用一个简单句概括了第一段内容。“working for four days a week with less pay”为动名词作主语；用“at three levels”对后文提及的三个方面“the economy as a whole”，“the individual companies”以及“the employees”进行高度概括总结，表达比较高级。)
[高分句型2]：First, companies could increase profits by hiring more energetic and alert employees without increasing payroll costs. (用一个复杂的简单句概括了第二段内容。其中，“by doing”为“介词+动名词”作方式状语，“without doing”为伴随状语等的用法比较高级。)
第Ⅱ卷(共 40分)
I. Translation (15% )
52. 年轻人对流行歌手相当熟悉。(familiar)(汉译英)
【答案】Young people are quite familiar with pop singers.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“年轻人”可表示为young people，在句中作主语，谓语应用复数；“对……相当熟悉”可表示为be quite familiar with，为固定搭配；“流行歌手”可表示为pop singers，作介词with的宾语。根据句意，这里陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：Young people are quite familiar with pop singers.
53. 他已经向野生动物保护组织捐赠了所有筹集来的资金。(donate)(汉译英)
【答案】He has donated all the funds that he raised to the wildlife conservation organization.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、动词和名词。“向……捐赠……”可表示为donate...to...，根据句中的“已经”可知，这里应用现在完成时，主语为“他”（he），谓语要用单数；“野生动物保护组织”可表示为the wildlife conservation organization，为名词短语，作介词to的宾语；“筹集来的”修饰“所有资金”（all the funds），可用that引导的定语从句表示，其中动词“筹集”可表示为raise，且这里表示过去，应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：He has donated all the funds that he raised to the wildlife conservation organization.
54. 当地政府已经发起了一项活动来促进垃圾分类。(campaign)(汉译英)
【答案】The local government has launched a campaign to promote garbage classification.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词、时态和非谓语动词。“当地政府”可表示为the local government，在句中作主语，谓语应用单数形式；“发起”可表示为launch，为及物动词，在句中充当谓语，根据句中的“已经”可知，这里应用现在完成时；“活动”可表示为campaign，为可数名词，在句中作宾语；“促进”可表示为promote，为及物动词，根据句意可知，这里表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语；“垃圾分类”可表示为garbage classification，为名词短语，在句中作宾语。故本句可翻译为：The local government has launched a campaign to promote garbage classification.
55. 遍布全世界的年轻人全都自告奋勇去用自己的知识和技能帮助他人。(volunteer)(汉译英)
【答案】Young people all over the world volunteer to help others with their knowledge and skills.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、动词、非谓语动词和名词。“遍布全世界的”可翻译为all over the world，为介词短语，作定语修饰“年轻人”（young people）；“自告奋勇……”可翻译为volunteer to do...，volunteer为及物动词，不定式作宾语；“用”可用介词with表示，其后跟名词作宾语；“知识”可翻译为knowledge，作宾语；“技能”可翻译为skills，作宾语；“帮助”可翻译为help，为及物动词；“他人”可表示为others。故本句可翻译为：Young people all over the world volunteer to help others with their knowledge and skills.
II. Guided Writing (25%)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below.
下图反映的是网络时代所出现的一种问题，有些孩子沉溺于网上交流而忽视了与父母的沟通。请你根据对该漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文。该文应包含以下要点：
1.你对此现象的看法。
2.我们该如何主动和父母亲沟通。
3.文中不得出现任何个人信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
As is shown in the picture, a teenage boy is enjoying chatting online so much that he refuses to talk with his mother, which vividly describes a common phenomenon among teenagers.
This phenomenon makes me lost in thought. Our parents, burdened with family and work pressure, work day and night to support the family. They spare no effort to bring us up as well. Obviously, they have been devoting themselves selflessly to us, without expecting any reward. However, many of us children should be addicted to chatting online, ignoring what our parents need and how they feel.
As their children, we should communicate with our parents regularly to better know each other’s updates. When we have problems, we can turn to them for help in time. Only in this way will the relationship between us and our parents become better and better.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文，要求考生根据漫画写一篇短文，陈述自己对此现象的看法，并就如何主动和父母亲沟通发表看法。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
拒绝：refuse→reject/decline
担负：(be) burdened with→shoulder
不遗余力……：spare no effort to do…→go to great lengths to do…
风险：devote oneself to→be devoted to/be dedicated to
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Our parents, burdened with family and work pressure, work day and night to support the family.
拓展句：Our parents, who are burdened with family and work pressure, work day and night to support the family.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As is shown in the picture, a teenage boy is enjoying chatting online so much that he refuses to talk with his mother, which vividly describes a common phenomenon among teenagers.(使用了As引导非限制性定语从句、动名词作宾语、so…that…引导结果状语从句、不定式作宾语、which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】However, many of us children should be addicted to chatting online, ignoring what our parents need and how they feel. (使用了动名词作宾语、现在分词作状语、what和how引导宾语从句)
