2024年人教版中考英语语法-比较级和最高级讲解及练习（含答案）

形容词副词比较级和最高级讲解
形容词和副词有三个等级:
1.原级，即原形。
2.比较级，表示“较……”或“更……一些”，两个事物进行比较。
3.最高级，表示“最……”，三个或三个以上的事物进行比较。
原级的用法:
表示双方程度相等，用 “as...as...”结构，意思是“......和......一样”。
如：He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。
I am tall.我很高。 He is tall，too. 他也很高。
I am as tall as he(him). 我和他一样高。
否定形式： not so/ as+adj.+as 和… 不一样
如：The story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个故事一样有趣。
否定形式：The question is not as/so difficult as that one.The question is not as difficult as that one.
比较级的用法:
两个人或事物进行比较时，用比较级。基本句型为：
主语+谓语（系动词）+形容词比较级+than+对比成分。
This apple is bigger than that apple. 这个苹果比那个苹果大。
形容词比较级的常用句型：
比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越......”。如：
It's getting colder and colder.(天越来越冷了)
“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…...就越...…”。如：
The harder you work, the better you'll be. (你越努力学习,就越好。)
数字+倍数 + 比较级+than .... 表示 A是B的......倍
This garden is 9 times larger than that one. (这个花园是那个花园的九倍）
比较级前面可以加 much / a little / a bit/even 等，不能加 very 和 more，比如：
He is much taller. (他高得多)
Peter ran a little faster.（彼得跑得更快一点）
最高级的用法:
表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级。形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the，副词最高级前面的the可以省。
形容词最高级的常用句型(三者或三者以上）：
of+（比较的对象）
1.the+最高级+
in +（比较的范围）
例：I am the tallest in our class. 我是我们班最高的。
He is the tallest of the three.他是三个人中最高的。
2.One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “……中最……的其中之一”
例：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
3.the+序数词+最高级+单数名词 “在……中是第几个……”
例：He is the second tallest student in our class.他在我们班是第二高的学生。
比较级＆最高级变化规则：
1. 一般单音节词末尾
1）在词尾加-er构成比较级 加-est构成最高级
例： tall- taller-tallest great-greater-greatest
2）以不发音的字母e结尾的，加-r -st
例：nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest
3）重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写辅音字母，再加-er -est （辅元辅）
例：big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest
4）以辅音字母+y结尾的,先将y变为i再加-er -est
例：easy-easier-easiest busy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest
5）多音节词,部分双音节词词前加more / most
例：beautiful……more beautiful…… most beautiful
important……more important……most important
6）不规则变化的形容词副词：
bad（坏的）—worse—worst
far（远的）—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest)
good（好的）—better—best
ill（病的）—worse—worst
little（少的）—less—least
many（多的）—more—most
much（多的）—more—most
old（年老的）—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest)
well（好的，身体好的）—better—best
试题:
1.This dog's tail is long,that dog's tail is .
A. long B. longer C.heavier
2.—Which book is , the red one or the white one？
—The red one.
A. thin B.thiner C. thinner
3.Li Lei is student in our class.
A. tall B. taller C.tallest D.the tallest
4. She runs as as me.
A.fast B. faster C.fastest D. the fastest
5. He is ______ me.
A. as tall as B. as taller as C. as tallest as D. as the tallest as
6.Tom than Jim .
A. is taller B.is tall C.am taller D.am tall
7. You study English_______as your brother,but you don’t speak English _______much as he.
A.as hard, such B.as harder, such C.as hard ,so D. as harder , so
8.The air in Beijing is getting much ___ now than a few years ago.
A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.the cleanest
9.Paris is one of ________ cities in the world.
A. more beautifully B. more beautiful
C. the most beautifully D. the most beautiful
10. Guangzhou is the third________ city in China.
A. Big B. biggest C. the big D. the biggest
答案：1-5 BCDAA 6-10ACBDB