(共15张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
美 文 导 入
素养解读：《普通高中英语课程标准》要求对学生进行文化素质的培养。文化素质的培养主要是指通过英语教学使学生扩大视野，认识地球和我们所生活的环境，弄清地球的自然资源，把握能源革命的最新发展。通过对本单元课文的学习，同学们要学会在日常生活和学习过程中，注意节约能源，自觉地保护环境，养成良好的环保意识。
主题：生物能源
学科素养：人与自然
难度系数：★★★
Seaweed as Future Source of Fuel and Food
Seaweed has many benefits；it may replace plastic as a future source of fuel and food.Seaweed is classified as algae.It is fast growing，uses energy from the sun，and consumes carbon dioxide and nutrients from seawater.Scientists are suggesting that seaweed may be able to help mitigate(减少；缓解) carbon emissions and climate change.
A seaweed cultivation rig is fixed to the seafloor.It has ropes that are latticed(制成网格的) and have lengths of 50,000 metres or 164,000 feet.The strings are designed so that they can withstand large and rough waves.According to seaweed producer and Ocean Rainforest managing director Mr Gregarsen，the rig’s main structure goes down 10 metres to avoid large breaking waves.
They have cultivation areas in the North Atlantic in Denmark’s territory(领土，领域).According to Mr Gregarsen，the site is rich in nutrients and has deep waters.Also，its temperature ranges from 6 to 11 ℃.All of these factors make the area ideal for seaweed growth.This year，they will be getting in about 200 tons.
Gregarsen’s group is one of many seaweed farms set up in North America and Europe due to increasing demand from various industries，including the food sector.It is gaining demand because it can be used as feed and food，and it can also replace fossil fuel-based plastic packaging products.
Ocean Rainforest has recently been funded by the US Department of Energy to copy its Danish system and build a similar California one.California wants to start industrialised production for use as biofuels(生物燃料).Gregarsen’s company is planning on doubling production this year.They are planning to mechanise their production and make their operation large-scale and more efficient.Gregarsen says only a few companies can make seaweed a profitable venture.
Dried seaweed is used in the manufacture of food，while fermented seaweed is used as animal feed.Seaweed extract(提取物) has many benefits，such as cosmetics，toothpaste，pet food，and medicines.These products have seaweed-derived hydrocolloids(水状胶质；水状胶体) made in many ways.More producers may find seaweed useful.Many firms currently work on making alternatives to plastic and textiles.Soon，seaweed may be used as water capsules，drinking straws，and biodegradable packaging.
○课标词汇
1．replace /r ple s/ vt.取代；代替
2．classify / kl s fa / vt.分类
3．cultivation / k lt ve n/ n．培养；培育
4．withstand /w st nd/ v．承受；抵挡
5．structure / str kt / n．结构；构造
6．demand /d mɑ nd/ n.& vt.要求；需求
7．fund /f nd/ vt.资助 n．资金
8．manufacture / m nju f kt (r)/ n．制造
○重要短语
1．be classified as...被归类成……
2．range from...to...从……到……排列
3．be funded by...被……资助
○句型精析
Scientists are suggesting that seaweed may be able to help mitigate carbon emissions and climate change.
分析：句中的动词suggesting在此处意为“认为”，不表示“建议”，所以其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用的是陈述语气，而没有使用“should＋动词原形”结构。
译文：科学家表示，海藻可能有助于减少碳排放和气候变化。
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
听、读、说有关环境保护话题的语言材料；
掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语和句式；
学会使用关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句；
学会在口头语中如何表达建议或接受建议；
学会写作表达对立观点的议论文；
观看短视频，发表自己的观点，对相关内容发表自己的看法。
【素养提升】
认识世界范围内的资源及能源现状，形成危机意识；
了解世界的环境现状，培养良好的环保意识；
学会用英语就环保话题发表自己的观点和看法。(共24张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇
plastic
mining
item
recycle
informative
mass
varied
hatch
1.________adj.塑料制的
2.________n.采矿业
3.________n.一项，一条
4.________v.再利用，回收利用
5.____________adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
6.________adj.大量的
7.________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
8.________v.(使)孵化
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇
9.________vt.(使)恢复
10.__________n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
11.________vt.包，裹
12._____________n.交通运输系统，运输方式
13.________n.灰尘，尘土
14.________adj.现实的，实际的
15.___________adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
16.___________n.筷子
17.________n.委员会；理事会
restore
packaging
wrap
transportation
dirt
realistic
innovative
chopsticks
council
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇
threat
switch
illegally
hunt
extinct
urgent
species
decrease
1.________n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
2.________v.& vt.转换，改变
3.________adv.非法地，违法地
4.________vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀
5.________adj.灭绝的，绝种的
6.________adj.急迫的
7.________n.物种
8._________vi.& vt.减少；减少的量
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇
blame
affect
solar
stuck
jam
decade
gas
cancer
9.________vt.责怪，指责
10.________vt.影响
11.________adj.太阳光(能)的
12.________adj.卡住的，无法移动的
13.________n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱
14.________n.十年，十年期
15.________n.气体
16.________n.癌症
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇
suit
essay
organic
involve
institute
billion
opponent
instance
17.________vt.适合 n.套装
18.________n.论说文；散文
19.________adj.有机的，绿色的，不使用,化肥的
20.________vt.包含，需要
21.________n.机构；研究院
22.________n.十亿
23.__________n.反对者；对手，敌手
24.________n.例子，实例
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇
claim
drug
sum
committee
temple
carve
25.________vt.声称；断言；主张 n.声称；要求
26.________n.药材；毒品
27.________vt.概括，总结
28.__________n.委员会
29.________n.寺院
30.________vt.雕，刻
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇
valley
scenic
historic
thunderstorm
typhoon
31.________n.山谷
32.________adj.景色优美的
33.________adj.古老的；历史上重要的
34._____________n.雷暴
35.________n.台风
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇
1.__________n.保护→______________vt.保护
2.________vt.破坏；毁掉→__________n.破坏
3.____________adj.不可回收的→___________adj.可回收的→________vt.回收
4.____________adj.农业的→___________n.农业
5.__________adv.极端地；非常→_________adj.极大的；极好的；难以置信的
conserve
conservation
destroy
destruction
unrecyclable
recyclable
recycle
agricultural
agriculture
incredibly
incredible
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇
unusual
6._________adj.异常的→_______adj.通常的→_______ adv.通常地
7.__________n.纪念馆 →__________vt.记住→_______ n.记忆力
8.___________adj.濒危的→_______n.危险→_________ vt.使有危险
9.________adj.可再填充的→______vt.填充→________ vt.再填充
usual
usually
memorial
memorise
memory
endangered
danger
endanger
refillable
fill
refill
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇
aware
10.________adj.意识到的；明白的→________adj.没有意识到的→___________n.意识
11.__________n.收集；收藏品；专辑→________vt.收集→________n.收集者
12.________adj.可重复使用的→_____vt.使用→______ vt.再使用→______n.用户
13.__________n.化学品→__________adj.化学的→ __________n.化学→________n.化学家
unaware
awareness
collection
collect
collector
reusable
use
reuse
user
chemical
chemical
chemistry
chemist
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇
consumer
14._________n.消费者→________vt.消费→__________ n.消费
15.________adj.浪费的；挥霍的→________vt.浪费
16.________adj.烦恼的；生气的→________vt.使烦恼→___________adj.令人烦恼的→___________n.烦恼
17.________n.愤怒→________adj.愤怒的→________ adv.愤怒地
consume
consumption
wasteful
waste
annoyed
annoy
annoying
annoyance
anger
angry
angrily
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇
relate
18.________vi.有关联→________n.关系→________n.亲戚→________adj.有关的
19.________adj.定期的；有规律的→__________adv.定期地；有规律地
20.________adj.残忍的→________n.残忍→________ adv.残忍地
relation
relative
related
regular
regularly
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
switch to
as soon as possible
the amount/number of...
cut down
play a role/part in...
do one’s part...
be bad for...
把……归咎于
1.转变，转换 ________________
2.尽快地 ________________
3.……的数量 _____________________
4.减少 ________________
5.在……中扮演角色；起作用__________________
6.尽自己的职责 ________________
7.对……有害处 ________________
8.be to blame ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
基于……
产卵；下蛋
高危；处境非常危险
彻底毁灭
死于
高达……
简而言之
根据
9.be based on... ________________
10.lay eggs ________________
11.be at high risk ____________________
12.wipe out ________________
13.die from ________________
14.up to... ________________
15.in short ________________
16.according to ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
采取措施
pick up
make sure
end up
agree with
so that
do away with
put out
17.take steps ________________
18.(用车)接送 ________________
19.确保 ________________
20.最终 ________________
21.同意 ________________
22.以便 ________________
23.废除；结束；去掉 ________________
24.扑灭；出版 ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
have an impact on...
be committed to
contribute to
get stuck in...
be compared to...
be related to...
give up
go up
25.对……有影响 __________________
26.致力于 ________________
27.导致；有助于 ________________
28.被困在…… ________________
29.与……相比 ________________
30.与……有关 ________________
31.放弃 ________________
32.上升 ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
make an excuse
take action
be addicted to
apart from/in addition to
according to
suffer from
on the other hand
for instance
33.找借口 ________________
34.采取行动 ________________
35.沉溺于 ________________
36.除了 _____________________
37.根据 ________________
38.遭受 ________________
39.另一方面 ________________
40.例如 ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
fight for
to sum up
get rid of
do harm to
on a grand/large scale
result in
41.争取；好……而战 ________________
42.总之 ________________
43.摆脱，克服 ________________
44.伤害 ________________
45.以很大的规模 ____________________
46.导致 ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语
turn on
at the rate of...
on top of sth
as a result
play a part/role in...
be located in
47.向某人攻击；打开 ____________
48.以……的速度/比例 ____________
49.在……之上；加上 ____________
50.作为一个结果；结果 _______________
51.在……中起作用 __________________
52.位于 ________________
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式
1.It was by Professor Linda Wei，the environmental expert，________ ________？
那是环境专家琳达·魏教授写的，不是吗？
2....there will be no rhinos ________ in the world in 20 years.……二十年后，世界上将没有犀牛了。
3.In the last 500 million years，_______ _______ ______ five times when life on Earth has almost ended.在过去的五亿年里，曾经有五次地球上的生命几乎灭绝。
wasn’t
it
left
there
have
been
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式
4._______ ________ ________ ________ human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.
显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
5.Without forest，we _______ _______ no air to breathe.
没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸。
It
is
clear
that
would
have
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式
6.Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，________ the same number will need at least 18 cars.
一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达九十人，而同样数量的人至少需要十八辆小汽车。
while
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1.The person ________ comes first will get a gift.
第一个来的人会得到一份礼物。
2.Many lessons are now available online，from ________ students can choose for free.许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
3.Don’t get close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
别靠近那栋屋顶正在维修的房子。
who/that
which
whose(共21张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
单元词汇预通关
Ⅰ.中英互译
1．________vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
2．________vi.& vt. 孵化
3．________vt.包，裹
4．________vt.包含，需要
【答案】1.recycle 2.hatch 3.wrap 4．include
5．committee n. ________
6．decade n. ________
7．informative adj. ________
8．stuck adj. ________
【答案】5.委员会 6.十年，十年期 7．有教育意义的；知识性强的 8．卡住的，无法移动的
Ⅱ.选择合适的单词并以其正确形式填空
动词(v.)
destroy，switch，hunt，blame，suit，affect，decrease，restore，relate，sum，carve
1．Don’t let the pain of one season ________ the joy of all the rest.
【答案】1.destroy
2．An unhappy home environment can __________ children’s behaviour.
3．You can’t ____________ anyone else；you alone made the decision.
4．I am confident that we can __________ peace，stability，and respect for the rule of law.
【答案】2.affect 3.blame 4．restore
5．Shopkeepers would ________ into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
6．Some of the potential benefits ________ directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system.
【答案】5.carve 6.relate
名词(n.)
conservation，item，council，threat，species，consumer，transportation，dirt，collection，chopsticks，jam
1．Environmental ___________ has been a hot topic in recent years.
2．The city is providing free __________ to the stadium from downtown.
【答案】1.conservation 2.transportation
3．Officials were confident there had been no __________ to public health.
4．After two late night discussions，the Security ________ has failed to reach an agreement.
5．The traffic ________ soon cleared once the offending vehicle(肇事车辆) had been removed.
【答案】3．threat 4.Council 5.jam
anger，gas，cancer，essay，institute，billion，opponent，instance，drug，temple，valley
6．She was unable to restrain her desperate ________．
7．We asked Jason to write a(n) _______ about his hometown.
【答案】6.anger 7．essay
8．The town is in a beautiful situation in a wide green ______.
9．Norris twice knocked down his ______ in the early rounds of the fight.
10．Some people believe that having a high academic title at a famous university or a research ________ means success.
【答案】8.valley 9.opponent 10.institute
形容词(adj.)&副词(adv.)
plastic，extinct，incredibly，unusual，mass，solar，innovative，refillable，aware
1．Being tall can make you feel ________ self-confident.
2．The Chinese government has done a lot to control _______ pollution in many cities.
【答案】1.incredibly 2.plastic
3．Smokers are well _____ of the dangers to their own health.
4．They have replanted many areas with rare and ________ plants.
5．We should develop ____________ thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.
【答案】3.aware 4．unusual 5.innovative
anxious，annoyed，regular，organic，chemical，memorial，scenic，historic，agricultural
6．The past participle of ________ verbs ends in “-ed”．
7．For the sake of health，they prefer to buy ______ product.
8．This was not a _______ service but a celebration of his life.
【答案】6.regular 7．organic 8.memorial
9．The foreign minister admitted he was still ________ about the situation in Ukraine.
10．There are many ways to increase ________ efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
【答案】9.anxious 10．agricultural
Ⅲ.一词多义匹配练习
claim A．n.主张；断言 B．n.索取(函)
C．n.所有权要求 D．vt.声称；主张
E．vt.要求 F．vt.夺去 G．vt.赢得；获得
1．The severe flooding has claimed over 500 lives. ( )
2．I make no claim to be a perfect person. ( )
3．Your claim should reach us no later than 31 January. ( )
【答案】1.F 2.A 3.B
4．The back of the form tells you how to claim your refund. ( )
5．Britain’s claim to the territories was found to be unlawful. ( )
6．The situation remains confused as both sides claim success. ( )
7．The report claimed that hundreds of civilians had crossed the border to escape the fighting. ( )
【答案】4.E 5.C 6.G 7.D
Ⅳ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．This means：Be ______ about yourself and others.(realist)
2．It is essential that your diet is _______ and balanced.(vary)
3．Though the city will no longer clamp cars，___________ (illegal) parked vehicles will be towed.
【答案】1.realistic 2.varied 3.illegally
4．It is selling very well，in part because the ________ is so attractive.(package)
5．She was called away from the meeting to take an ________ phone call.(urgency)
6．This kind of training is ineffective，and ________(waste) of scarce resources.
【答案】4．packaging 5.urgent 6.wasteful
Ⅴ.选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空
have a role，do one’s part，die out，wipe out，be to blame，be at risk，set out，stressed out，be related to，for instance，sum up
1．He shouldn’t ______________ under the circumstances.
在这种情况下，他不应该受到指责。
【答案】1.be to blame
2．We would _____________ any enemy that dared to invade our territory.
敌人胆敢来侵犯我们的领土，我们就把它消灭。
3．This is a collective responsibility；all of us ____________ to play.
这是一个需要集体承担的责任，我们大家都可以发挥作用。
【答案】2.wipe out 3．have a role
4．Will you please _____________ your views in a few words now
请你用几句话把你的观点概括一下，好吗？
5．When you feel _____________，you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall.
当你感到压力大的时候，你也可以试着坐直或站直。
【答案】4.sum up 5.stressed out(共36张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Six Viewing Workshop-Check Your Progress
课前自主预习
A．谷，山谷
B．大西洋的
C．雕，刻
D．委员会
E．纪念馆；纪念碑
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The local council has just set up a committee to study recycling. ( )
2．He carved her name on a piece of wood. ( )
3．The Atlantic coast is within sight of the hotel. ( )
4．Building a memorial to Columbus has been his lifelong dream. ( )
5．There was snow on the hill tops but not in the valley. ( )
【答案】1—5 DCBEA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．scenery n.→ __________ adj.景色优美的
2．agriculture n.→ __________ adj.农业的
3．history n.→ __________ adj.古老的；历史上重要的
【答案】1.scenic 2.agricultural 3.historic
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
a memorial to，result in，be located in
1．The house lies in one of the city’s prettiest squares.
＝The house ____________ one of the city’s prettiest squares.
【答案】1.is located in
2．The town built a statue in memory of those killed in the war.
＝The town raised ____________ those killed in the war.
3．Fifty percent of road accidents lead to head injuries.
＝Fifty percent of road accidents __________ head injuries.
【答案】2.a memorial to 3.result in
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．memorial n．纪念碑；纪念馆
adj.(对逝者)纪念的；追悼的
(P65) This site is located in Qufu，Shandong Province，and is a memorial to Confucius.
【翻译】这个遗址位于山东曲阜，是孔子的纪念馆。
(1)memorial n．纪念碑；纪念物；纪念品；纪念馆
(2)memorial adj.(对逝者)纪念的；悼念的
a memorial statue/plaque/prize纪念像/牌/奖
(3)memory n．记忆，记忆力
memorise vt.记下，记住
【语言提升】
a memorial to victims of the Holocaust
大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑
The memorial service will be held at a local church.
悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The painting will be a lasting memorial _____ a remarkable woman.
(2)I don’t try to ________(memory) speeches word for word.
【答案】(1)to (2)memorise
(3)All the guests will receive a __________(memory) prize on their arrival to the party.
(4)The boy has such a good _________(memorial) that he can memorise things easily.
【答案】(3)memorial (4)memory
2．scenic adj.景色优美的
(P65)Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
【翻译】九寨沟风景名胜区
scene n．现场；景色
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
【语言提升】
There is a scenic route across the Alps.
有一条风景优美的路线穿越阿尔卑斯山。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The ______(scene)town is home to many people who make a living by both farming and working as tour guides.
【答案】(1)scenic
完成句子
(2)Reporters were soon ______________ after the accident.
事故发生后，记者们很快就赶到了现场。
(3)_________，both sides are working towards an agreement.
在幕后，双方都在努力达成协议。
【答案】(2)on the scene (3)Behind the scenes
◇句式解读
1．(P65)Up to 2019，there are 55 world heritage sites in China，which has the same number of sites as Italy.
【翻译】截至2019年，中国共有五十五处世界遗产，该数量与意大利相同。
【句式剖析】
本句是一个主从复合句。句中的which引导一个非限制性定语从句，定语从句中含有短语“the same...as...”。
【句式提升】
(1)the same...as...中用as后接同类事物；(2)the same...that...中用that后接同一事物。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
这支钢笔与我昨天丢的一模一样。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。
【温馨提示】
名词前有the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢失的一样。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I have the same book ________________．
我和他有同样的书。
(2)Knowing what to do is not ___________ being able to do it.
知道做什么和能够做什么是不一样的。
【答案】(1)as he has (2)the same as
2．(P66) Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
【翻译】各地的暴风雨越来越严重，更多飓风将袭击美国和中美洲。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America”是“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”的介宾复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
【句式提升】
由介词with引导的介宾复合结构有多种形式。请注意掌握如下六类：
(1)“with＋名词/代词＋动词-ing形式”中的动词-ing形式表示的动作是前面的名词或代词发出的，而且通常表示这个动作正在进行。
He fell asleep at the desk with his radio still working beside him.
他在书桌上睡着了，收音机还在旁边响着。
(2)“with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”中的动词不定式表示这个动作是前面的名词或代词发出的动作，但通常不定式表示这个动作还没有发生。
With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.
由于有许多工作要做，他不允许外出。
(3)“with＋名词/代词＋动词-ed形式”中的动词-ed形式表示该名词/代词是这个动词-ed 形式所表动作的承受者。
A young man was brought in，with his hands tied behind.
一个年轻人被带了进来，他的双手被绑在后面。
(4)“with＋名词/代词＋介词短语”在句中常用作伴随状语或方式状语。
The teacher came into the classroom with some books in his hand.
老师走进了教室，他手里拿着几本书。
(5)“with＋名词/代词＋副词”中的副词主要是由介词转化而来的副词，如on，in，over，out，up，down，off，away等。
He had to go to bed with the last TV play over.
最后一部电视剧结束后，他不得不上床睡觉。
(6)“with＋名词/代词＋形容词”中的形容词表示前面名词或代词所处的状态。
The little boy came back with his hands red with cold.
小男孩回来了，双手冻得通红。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)With his foot ________(bite) by the snake，the old man passed out.
(2)With the woman ________(lead) the way，we had no trouble finding Smith’s house.
(3)With so much homework ________(do)，the boy stayed up late into the night.
【答案】(1)bitten (2)leading (3)to do
(4)You’d better sleep with the window ________(open) so as to let in fresh air.
(5)A middle-aged woman came into the doctor’s office with a baby ________ her arms.
(6)With the light ________，we couldn’t see anything in the dark room.
【答案】(4)open (5)in (6)off/out
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Each of totem poles(图腾柱) is carefully _______(雕) and painted.
2．They have received notice of a ______(台风) approaching.
3．It took them several days to cross the ________(大西洋的) Ocean.
【答案】1.carved 2.typhoon 3.Atlantic
4．We must ________(保护) our forests and woodlands for future generations.
5．We were astonished to find the ________(寺院) still in its original condition.
6．Fortunately the ________(雷暴) had died down before we were safely indoors.
【答案】4．conserve 5.temple 6.thunderstorm
7．A stream is winding its way through the ________(山谷) into the river.
8．He is a member of management ________(委员会) of Liuyang Cultural Industrial Park.
【答案】7．valley 8.committee
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ________(scene) spot is on northwestern outside of Beijing.
2．We，also in tears，looked on as he ____________(proud) displayed his certificate.
3．A program called Everlasting Classics is becoming ______ (increase) popular.
【答案】1.scenic 2.proudly 3.increasingly
4．The opportunities for personal and relationship ________ (grow) are well worth the effort.
5．In Venice，make sure you have some way to check the ________(change) weather every day.
6．The _____(true) is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day.
【答案】4．growth 5.changeable 6.truth
7．Some were in memory of settlers’ former homes，others in honour of ________ (history) events.
8．Even in advanced ________(agriculture) societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.
【答案】7．historic 8.agricultural
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．__________________，black is depressing.
另一方面，黑色令人压抑。
2．They went home in a hurry，____________．
他们又饿又冷，匆忙地回家了。
【答案】1.On the other hand
2．hungry and cold
3．He stared at his friend ________________．
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
4．He died，________________ with five children.
他死了，留下妻子和五个孩子。
【答案】3．with his mouth wide open
4．leaving his wife(共42张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Five Writing Workshop
课前自主预习
A．声称；断言主张；(根据权利而提出的)要求
B．反对者；对手，敌手
C．包含，需要
D．不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
E．例子，实例
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Supermarkets have recognised the increasing popularity of organic food. ( )
2．There have been several instances of the butterfly effect. ( )
3．He claims to have met the famous scientist，but I don’t believe him. ( )
【答案】1—3 DEA
4．In the second game，her opponent hurt her leg and she had to retire. ( )
5．The operation involves putting a small tube into his heart. ( )
【答案】4—5 BC
Ⅱ.预备写作素材
1．Don’t ________ ________ ________ solving the problem. (让我参与)
2．________ ________ ________giving me some advice，he gave me some money.(除了)
【答案】1.involve me in 2.In addition to
3．Missing a meal once won’t ________ ________ ________ your health.(对……有伤害)
4．I’d like to ________ ________ by saying that it’s been a pleasure to work with you.(总结)
【答案】3．do harm to 4.sum up
课堂新知讲练
1．claim vt.声称；断言；主张
n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
(P62) People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
【翻译】为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
(1)claim vt.声称；断言；主张
【语言提升】
I don’t claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
It is/was claimed that...据称……
(2)n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
make a claim for/on/to...要求……
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I don’t _______________(自称是) an old hand in this field.
(2)Scientists are _____________________(宣称一个重大的突破) in the fight against cancer.
【答案】(1)claim to be
(2)claiming a major breakthrough
(3)____________________(据称) some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
(4)She________________________(要求更多的时间) to be with her daughter.
【答案】(3)It was claimed that
(4)made a claim for more time
2．sum up 概括，总结
(P62) To sum up, despite producing cheap food，factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
【翻译】总而言之，尽管工厂化养殖能生产出廉价的食物，但它对地球和动物本身都有害。
(1)to sum up总之，总而言之(常用动词不定式放在句首作状语，修饰后面的句子)
(2)下面这些不定式短语也是习惯性地放在句首作状语：
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
to make a long story short简而言之
to be frank坦率地说
【语言提升】
To sum up，students should try their best to learn the lessons well.
总之，学生们应该尽力地把功课学好。
To be honest，that’s all the money I have.
说实话，那就是我所有的钱。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________________，I’m not interested in it.
实话告诉你，我对此没有兴趣。
【答案】(1)To tell you the truth
(2)________________，you still need to improve your skills.
坦率地说，你还需要提高技能。
(3)________________，I prefer to travel with a companion.
总之，我更喜欢结伴旅行。
【答案】(2)To be frank (3)To sum up
◇句式解读
(P64) It’s not likely for humans to get rid of roads，power or pipelines now.
【翻译】现在，人类不太可能摆脱道路、电力或管道。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的不定语复合结构“to get rid of roads，power or pipelines now”。
【句式提升】
It is not likely for sb对某人来说，是不可能的。
It is likely that...有可能发生……
be likely to do sth 可能做某事
be likely to be...可能会……
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
票价可能会很贵。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)__________(可能) the weather will turn out fine tomorrow.
(2)I’m afraid that our manager _______(可能回来) tomorrow.
(3)Your mother _____(可能会生气) when she hears the news.
【答案】(1)It is likely that
(2)is likely to come back
(3)is likely to be/get angry
写作高效提升
◎话题短语
1．a heated debate热烈的讨论
2．be in favour of sth赞成某事
3．be opposed to sth反对某事
4．hold the belief/idea/view持有某种观点
5．do harm to...对……有害处
6．There is no denying that...不可否认……
7．Different people have different ideas about...
不同的人对……有不同的看法。
8．share the same point/idea持有相同的观点
◎话题佳句
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．Recently a survey has been carried out on which is more important in...
最近，做了一项关于……更重要的调查。
2．People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards...
人们对……采取了不同的态度。
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．Some people hold the view that...
有些人认为……
2．However，others are opposed to it，thinking...of more significance.
然而，另一些人则持反对意见，认为……更重要。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．Every coin has two sides.From my point of view，I argue for the former.
事物都有两面性。在我看来，我赞成前者。
2．All things considered，we can see that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
从各方面考虑，我们可以看到利大于弊。
◎写作范例
现在越来越多的人加入了减肥行列，最近你们班就此事展开了讨论。60%的同学赞成，40%的同学反对。请你写一篇英语短文，短文应包括下表中的内容：
赞成 反对
1.减肥使人身材苗条、漂亮 1.减肥浪费时间、精力和钱
2.正确减肥有利于身体健康 2.吃减肥药会损坏身体健康
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
赞成 反对
3.坚持减肥有助于锻炼人的意志 3.过分看重减肥的人往往缺乏自信
你的看法……(内容由自己拟定) 参考词汇：毅力perseverance
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1．明确体裁为议论文。
2．文章的时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。
3．文章的结构框架为：
第一段：介绍讨论减肥的话题；
第二段：陈述两种对立的观点及理由；
第三段：表达自己的观点及原因。
4．重点词汇
(1)减肥________________
(2)进行，开展 ________________
【答案】(1)lose weight (2)carry out
(3)持有不同的观点________________
(4)在我看来________________
(5)支持________________
(6)在……中起重要的作用_____________
(7)采取措施做某事________________
(8)众所周知……________________
【答案】(3)hold different opinions (4)as far as I’m concerned (5)in favour of (6)play an important part/role in... (7)take measures to do sth (8)It is known to us that...
5．完成句子
(1)________________，more and more people are beginning to lose weight in different ways now.
我们知道，现在越来越多的人开始用不同的方式减肥。
(2)Recently，our class has had a ________________ it.
最近，为此我们班就此展开了一场激烈的辩论。
【答案】(1)As we know
(2)heated debate about
(3)About 60% of the students are __________ it.
大约60%的学生赞成(减肥)。
(4)They think one can stay slim and look beautiful _________.
他们认为一个人可以通过减肥保持苗条和美丽。
(5)Taking exercise every day and ______________ can help to train a person’s perseverance.
每天锻炼和节食有助于锻炼一个人的毅力。
【答案】(3)in favour of (4)by losing weight
(5)going on a diet
(6)They __________ it is a waste of time，energy and money.
他们认为这是浪费时间、精力和金钱。
(7)Whoever frequently takes weight-loss pills often ________.
频繁地吃药减肥的人往往缺乏自信。
【答案】(6)hold the view that (7)lacks confidence
(8)将句(2)改为被动句
___________________________________
(9)用定语从句合并(3)和(4)句
___________________________________
【答案】(8)Recently，a heated debate about it has been carried out in our class.
(9)About 60% of the students are in favour of it，who think one can stay slim and look beautiful by losing weight.
【写作实践】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As we know，more and more people are beginning to lose weight in different ways now.Recently，a heated debate about it has been carried out in our class.
About 60% of the students are in favour of it，who think one can stay slim and look beautiful by losing weight.If one does this in a proper way，it can stop one from getting fat and can keep one healthy.Besides，taking exercise every day and going on a diet can help to train a person’s perseverance.However，the others have different ideas.They hold the view that it is a waste of time，energy and money.
Some often try to lose weight by taking weight-loss pills.As a result，their health gets damaged badly.What’s worse，whoever frequently takes weight-loss pills often lacks confidence.
In my opinion，if one is too fat and often falls ill，he or she should try to lose weight with the help of a doctor.
◎写作练笔
在高中毕业填报志愿的时候，我们要选择自己的专业。选专业是按照自己的兴趣，还是依据就业前景(prospect)呢？哪个更重要呢？某英文报社对此在你们班进行了调查。以下是你所在班级同学的观点。
请你给该报写一篇小短文，反映同学们的观点并表达你的看法。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
支持兴趣的理由 支持就业前景的理由 你的看法
1.大学会过得快乐 2.热爱未来的工作 1.就业压力大 2.选择一份好工作很重要 ……
One possible version：
Recently a survey has been carried out on which is more important in choosing a major in college: interest or job prospect.
Some students prefer interest and they hold the view that choosing a major they like will ensure them a happy college life and give them more motivation to study.Therefore，they will have the opportunity to get a job satisfying their interest.However，others are opposed to it，thinking job prospect of more significance.
They think college graduates are under great pressure in finding a job，so job prospect should be taken into consideration.After all，getting a good job is very important for graduates.
Every coin has two sides. From my point of view，it’s up to you to decide which is more important. Once you make the decision，try to stick to it and you will surely have a bright future.(共74张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Four Lesson 3
课前自主预习
A．定期的，有规律的
B．适合；套装
C．十年，十年期
D．卡住的，无法移动的
E．烦恼的，生气的
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．He said his car had got stuck in the snow. ( )
2．I suggest that we have regular meetings on a regular basis. ( )
3．Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade. ( )
4．He was dressed in a dark grey suit. ( )
5．I was so annoyed with him for turning up late. ( )
【答案】1—5 DACBE
Ⅱ.猜短语填空
stressed out，be related to，be addicted to，get stuck in
1．His legs got trapped in the hole.He couldn’t move.
＝His legs __________________ the hole.He couldn’t move.
2．I was really very anxious before the exam.
＝I was really____________ before the exam.
【答案】1.got stuck in 2.stressed out
3．I don’t think happiness is connected with wealth.
＝I don’t think happiness ______________ wealth.
4．Frankly speaking，I can’t stop using my car.
＝To be frank，I ______________ my car.
【答案】3．is related to 4.am addicted to
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.根据课文内容完成下面表格
THE ROAD TO DESTRUCTION
【答案】1.gone up 2.average
Statistics related to vehicles The number of cars has 1.________ by 25%，with the total number of 32 million cars.
An average of 2,500 people have died in road accidents on yearly 2.________.
【答案】3.impact 4.causes 5.Air pollution 6.keep you fit
Cars’ 3.______ Traffic 4._____________ global warming as vehicles give off greenhouse gases. 5.________ results in about 30,000 deaths every year. Advice from a friend Use your legs Walk or cycle short journeys.Leg power can save money，6._______________ and help live longer.
【答案】7．transport 8.kinder
Advice from a friend Use public 7.______ 90 people can travel in the same bus，but they have to occupy at least 18 cars if they travel by car.
Think before you go Think whether it is necessary to make the journey.
Share cars It is much cheaper and 8.______ to the environment.
【答案】9.action 10.heavy traffic
Advice from a friend Take 9.______ Talk to neighbours about the 10._______. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit.
Ⅱ.判断正误
( )1.People always get stuck in traffic jams every day.
( )2.Twenty years ago，there were 32 million cars on the road in Britain.
( )3.2,500 people die every year in vehicle accidents in the world on average.
( )4.Air pollution and cancer are related to traffic.
【答案】1－4 TFFT
Ⅲ.阅读理解
( )1.Why does the writer mention the excuses in the first paragraph
A．To show us that cars are bad for us.
B．To find the cause of being late.
C．To give a reason for using cars.
D．To complain the traffic jams.
【答案】C
( )2.What is NOT mentioned about the advantages of using your legs in the text
A．Saving your money.
B．Helping you live longer.
C．Keeping you fit.
D．Avoiding the crowds.
【答案】D
( )3.What does the writer advise people to do
A．Do what they want to do.
B．Use public transport.
C．Drive their car alone.
D．Avoid long journeys.
【答案】B
( )4.What can we infer about the writer from the last paragraph
A．He can’t go without cars.
B．He has a beautiful daughter.
C．He gives his son a busy schedule.
D．He will take action immediately.
【答案】A
Ⅳ.根据课文内容，用下面表达的正确形式填空
make excuses，get stuck in，be addicted to，protect the environment，do a lot of harm，pick up sb，cause global warming，share cars
Many people often 1.______________ a traffic jam when they go to work.How annoyed and stressful they often feel！But the problem is that the number of cars is still going up.
【答案】1.get stuck in
Traffic pollution has been found to 2.______________ and climate change to a large degree.Too many cars 3.____________ to the environment and our health.Some advice has been given for people to help 4.______________，for example，using public transport or 5.______________，
【答案】2．cause global warming 3．do a lot of harm
4．protect the environment 5．sharing cars
doing your shopping in the shop just around the corner instead of driving to the other side of town.However，people 6.___________ using cars.They 7.____________ for using their cars，“I need to 8.__________ my daughter.What can I do？”
【答案】6.are addicted to 7．make excuses 8.pick up
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．be/get stuck in陷入，困住
(P58) How often do we get stuck in traffic jams
【翻译】有多少次我们碰到交通阻塞而动弹不得？
【语言提升】
be/get stuck in陷入，困住(指某种不利的环境或困境)；被难住，答不上来
stick vt.(stuck，stuck) 粘住，卡住
We were stuck in traffic for over an hour.
我们遇上堵车，堵了一个多小时。
The wheels were stuck in the mud.车轮陷到了泥里。
be stuck in表示一个状态；而get stuck in则表示一个动作。
stick to sth坚持某事
stick to doing sth坚持做某事(这时to是一个介词，其后的动词要用动名词形式)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Much to the family’s surprise，Dennis stuck ________ his promise!
(2)________(stick) in the middle was a pot of purple mums(菊花).
【答案】(1)to (2)Stuck
(3)I stuck to ________(work) out 30 minutes a day，and I didn’t disturb my normal routine.
(4)I got out of bed early and set off on time but then the bus got stuck ________ the traffic.
【答案】(3)working (4)in
2．stressed out焦虑的
(P58) How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry
【翻译】又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？
【语言提升】
(1)be/feel stressed out 紧张的，有压力的
①这个结构常用作谓语；
②如果在句中作定语、宾补或状语，则这个短语中的系动词be或feel要去掉。
(2)stress n．压力
be under stress在压力下
under the stress of...在……的压力下
lay/place/put stress on...强调/重视……
(3)stress vt.强调，着重
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
(4)stressful adj.有压力的(主要用于修饰物)
stressed adj.感到有压力的(修饰或说明人)
be stressed about sth对某事感到有压力
The boy felt stressed out in the doctor’s room.
这个孩子在医生的诊所里感到非常紧张。
【语境助记】
Jerry is stressed out.He has been under stress for one month. He has so much stressful work to do that he feels desperately stressed.
杰里非常的紧张。这一个月来都处于压力之下。他有这么多压力大的工作要做，因此他感到心力交瘁。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)But living in a city can be ________(stress).And the longer we live in it，the more stress we have，leading to increases in mental illnesses like depression and loneliness.
(2)With competition rising these days，people are ________ more stress.
【答案】(1)stressful (2)under
(3)They have also found that people who received hugs were less stressed ________.
(4)Yesterday the researchers also ________(stress) that every country，whether developed，developing or poor，should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.
【答案】(3)out (4)stressed
3．figure n．人物；(绘画或故事中的)人，动物；塑像
(P58) Here are some figures about Britain...
【翻译】以下是一些关于英国的数据……
【语言提升】
(1)figure还可以表示：数字；图形；图表；身材；人影
keep one’s figure保持身材
have a good figure身材好
figure skater 花样滑冰运动员
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已经成为一个知名人物。
We saw a bronze figure of a horse there.
我们在那儿看到了一座马的铜像。
(2)figure v．认定，认为；计算
figure＋that从句 认为
figure out 弄明白，弄懂，弄清楚；计算(数量或成本)
Where did you get those figures
你是从哪儿得到那些数字的？
The results are shown in Figure 3.结果在图表3中显示。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)She ________(保持身材) by having a balanced diet and doing sports regularly.
【答案】(1)keeps her figure
(2)Have you____________(计算出) how much the trip will cost
(3)Many people have____________(明白) a good life is often a less complicated life.
(4)Now she was just staring at me as if confused，as if trying to__________________(弄懂我).
【答案】(2)figured out (3)figured out that
(4)figure me out
4．be related to 与……有关
(P59) Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
【翻译】有些癌症与交通污染有关。
【语言提升】
(1)be related to意为“与……有关”，相当于be connected with。其中的to为介词，且related前可用strongly，closely等词修饰。
Education levels are strongly related to income.
教育程度和收入有很大关系。
【温馨提示】
如果在句中作定语、状语或宾补，则要用形容词短语related to。这时的related相当于一个形容词。
(2)relation n．关系
related adj.有关系的，有联系的
unrelated adj.无关的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)One way to make exercise feel more like a hobby is to actively set goals and attend events ________(relate) to it.
(2)As we improve our writing ability，we improve our ability to think — to build an argument，to frame issues in forceful ways，to weave seemingly ________(related) facts into a coherent (连贯的) whole.
【答案】(1)related (2)unrelated
(3)The _______(relate) between the original book and this new film is very little.
(4)In Chinese culture，each year is related _______ an animal and has an animal name.
【答案】(3)relation (4)to
5．to be frank坦率地说
(P59) To be frank，I’m addicted to my car.
【翻译】坦率地说，我对(使用)我的车上瘾了。
【语言提升】
to be frank这个短语常放在句首作状语，修饰后面的整个句子。
常用不定式在句中作状语的短语还有：
to tell the truth说实话
to be honest说实话
to be exact确切地说
frankly speaking(＝to be frank 坦率地说)这个短语也用在句首，修饰句子，speak只能用-ing形式。
类似的用法还有：
To be frank，I’m not interested in the story at all.
坦率地说，我对这个故事一点都不感兴趣。
【温馨提示】
以上短语均为独立成分，即这些短语在句子里没有逻辑主语而独立存在，常用于句首以表达说话人的态度、观点等，因此它们不受句子主语的限制，其形式是固定的，如speaking不能换成spoken或to speak。写作时适当运用这些短语会为文章增色不少。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)_______(be) frank，when it was my turn to speak，I really had my heart in my mouth.
(2)________(frank)，my eyes get a little watery just thinking about it.
【答案】(1)To be (2)Frankly
(3)________(frank) speaking，I prefer staying at home to watch TV to going to the cinema.
(4)________(general) speaking，when taken according to the instructions，the drug has no side effect.
【答案】(3)Frankly (4)Generally
同义句转换
(5)Frankly speaking，I don’t think he is qualified for the job.
________ ________ ________，I don’t think he is qualified for the job.
(6)To be honest，this film is very boring.
________ ________，this film is very boring.
【答案】(5)To be frank (6)Honestly speaking
6．suit vt.适合；n.套装
(P59)Do whichever of these things that suit you.
【翻译】做任何一件适合你的事。
【语言提升】
(1)suit vt.适合；满足(某人)需要，对(某人)方便，合(某人)心意；适合，适宜；(尤指服装、颜色等)相配
suit one’s need/taste满足某人的需要；适合某人的口味
suit sth to sth/sb使某物适合某物/某人
be suited for/to...适合做……；对……适宜(注意，这个短语中的to是一个介词)
suit sb(fine) (很)合某人的意；对某人来说(很)合适
(2)suit n．一套外衣，套装
(3)suitable adj.适合的
be suitable for...适合……
Jill’s new hairstyle doesn’t really suit her.
吉尔的新发型不太适合她。
She was wearing a black trouser suit.
她穿着一套黑色衣裤装。
【易混辨析】
suit/fit/match
(1)suit多指衣服等的颜色、款式或花样适合；还可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
(2)fit多指衣服等大小、尺寸、形状等方面的合适，通常意为“合身，适合”。
(3)match多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很搭配，显得很协调。也可指两个人或两群人在能力、性格等方面很相配。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)These bicycles are the most expensive to rent，but are very ________(suit) for carrying packages and even some of your luggage along with you.
(2)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited ________ communication and trade.
【答案】(1)suitable (2)for/to
选词填空：match/suit/fit
(3)First of all，the colour of the hat should _______ the colour of your skin and hair.
(4)It was because I grew so fast that many clothes my mom bought me didn’t ________ me any longer.
【答案】(3)match (4)fit
(5)As we know，a red jacket doesn’t ________ green trousers. But when a little girl wears them，they ________ her very well.
(6)The lifestyle of the city seems to ________ her — she looks very well.
【答案】(5)match；suit (6)suit
◇句式解读
1．(P58) How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry
【翻译】又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？
【句式剖析】
本句中的“stressed out，tired and angry”是三个并列的形容词，在句中作伴随状语，说明主语所处的状况。
【句式提升】
形容词通常在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。但有时，形容词也可以像副词一样在句中作状语。形容词作状语，可表示如下含义：
(1)表示原因(这类状语通常放在句首)
Much interested，he agreed to give it a try.
他很感兴趣，同意试一试。
(2)表示时间(这类状语也要放在句首)
Ripe (When ripe)，these apples are sweet.
这些苹果成熟了，很甜。
(3)表示伴随或方式(这类状语通常放在句尾，说明主语所处的一种状况)
I went home，tired and exhausted.我回到家，筋疲力尽。
Crusoe went home，full of fear.克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I play tennis with my best friend，______________(既快乐又兴奋).
(2)With no answer，I went back to my room，____________ (失望又难过).
【答案】(1)happy and excited
(2)disappointed and sad
(3)__________(由于怕黑)，she didn’t dare to go out at night.
(4)____________(又累又饿)，we were unable to move a step forward.
【答案】(3)Afraid of darkness
(4)Tired and hungry
2．(P59) Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.
【翻译】一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达九十人，而同样数量的人至少需要十八辆小汽车。
【句式剖析】
本句中的while是一个并列连词，连接两个并列的分句，表示比较或对比关系。
【句式提升】
(1)while作并列连词的用法
while作并列连词时，表示对比，意为“但是，而”，用来连接两个句子。
I like tea while she likes coffee.
我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。
(2)while作从属连词的其他用法：
①作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，常位于句中。
My children kept silent while I was writing.
当我写作的时候，我的孩子们总会保持安静。
②作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，多位于句首。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不认为这些问题不能解决。
【针对练习】
判断下列各句中while的功能与含义
(1)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.________
【答案】(1)并列连词，连接两个句子，意为“而”。
(2)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.________
(3)While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects are positive.________
【答案】
(2)从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
(3)从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
3．(P61) But the problem is that the number of cars is still going up.
【翻译】但问题是，汽车的数量仍然在增加。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“that the number of car is still going up”是一个由that引导的表语从句，解释主语的内容。
【句式提升】
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。that引导表语从句时，在从句中无具体含义，也不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。
What impressed me most at the concert was that such a little boy could play the violin so well.
音乐会上让我印象最深刻的是那么小的一个男孩小提琴竟拉得这么好。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
(2)The only problem is ________ we keep getting lost！But people in Tianjin are very friendly and helpful.
【答案】(1)that (2)that
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．How do you measure the volume of rare ________(气体)
2．Eating too much junk food may increase ________(癌症) risk.
3．________(道路施工) always cause traffic jam in the city centre.
【答案】1.gas 2.cancer 3.Roadworks
4．Many robots tend to get twisted together or get ________ (卡住的).
5．________(定期的) colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.
6．At the sight of this cruelty，they could hardly contain their ________(愤怒).
【答案】4．stuck 5.Regular 6.anger
7．There are as many as 20 jobs available in this company，and you are free to choose whichever you think _______(适合) you best.
8．I thought it was another chance to repay someone for a favour I’d been given ________(十年) earlier.
【答案】7．suits 8.decade
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This situation can be ________(easy) changed if you take my advice.
2．You can get a good view of ________(variety) landscapes along the river by ship.
3．His desire for wealth and power led him to his ________ (destroy).
【答案】1.easily 2.various 3.destruction
4．________(anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on.
5．His fame only grew after his ________(die).He was unable to earn a living from the paintings.
6．Conversation soon turned into ________(complain) about stress in work and life.
【答案】4．Anxiously 5.death 6.complaints
7．They studied whether or how air ________(pollute) might affect the body’s response to stress.
8．I was getting more and more ________(annoy) and of course，the more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate.
9．Your cellphone number may be more important than any other ________(person) information in the eyes of thieves.
10．It’s normal for teens to want to stay connected with friends and ________(society) circle.
【答案】7．pollution 8.annoyed 9.personal 10．social
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They returned home，________________．
他们安然无恙地回家了。
2．__________________，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.
一般来说，照相机价格越贵，质量就越好。
【答案】1.safe and sound
2．Generally speaking
3．Science ___________ great advances in the last fifty years.
在过去的五十年里，科学进步得很快。
4．________________ in the rain with one hundred and fifty thousand other people
和十五万人在雨中跳舞怎么样？
5．_________ tourists to the resort increased by 10% last year.
去年到这个胜地旅游的人数增加了10%。
【答案】3.has made 4．What/How about dancing
5．The number of(共62张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Three Lesson 2
课前自主预习
A．委员会；理事会
B．意识到的，明白的
C．新颖的，创新的，革新的
D．包，裹住
E．可再填充的
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Runners are encouraged to carry refillable water bottles. ( )
2．She wrapped the baby in a blanket. ( )
3．She was an imaginative and innovative manager. ( )
4．This play is supported by a grant from the local arts council. ( )
5．Were you aware of the risks at the time？ ( )
【答案】1—5 EDCAB
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．consume v.→ __________ n．消费者
2．transport v.& n.→ __________ n．交通运输系统，运输方式
3．realist n.→ __________ adj.现实的，实际的
【答案】1.consumer 2.transportation 3．realistic
4．collect v.→ __________ n．收集；收藏品；专辑
5．usable adj.→ __________ adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的
6．waste v.& n.→ __________ adj.浪费的；挥霍的
【答案】4.collection 5.reusable 6．wasteful
Ⅲ.预备话题素材
1．They have ________ ________ taking action to protect the environment.(开始)
2．Most of the packaging ______ ______ ______ landfill.(最终成为)
3．It ________ ________ walking along the countryside road. (感觉真好)
【答案】1.set about 2.ends up as 3．feels good
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．set out动身，出发
(P110) In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme，Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste.
【翻译】在政府公布其新环境计划的这一周，凯文·麦凯布和艾丽西亚·斯图尔特讨论了食品包装浪费的问题。
set out(＝set off)出发，动身
set out阐明，(有条理地)陈述
set out for someplace (＝set off for some-place) 动身去某处
set out (怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
set out to do sth(＝set about doing sth)开始做某事
set off出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发
set up设立，建起；创建
【语言提升】
In order that we could get there on time，we should set out early.为了能按时到那里，我们应该早点出发。
After dinner，I decided to set out/off for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。
set foot in/on进入，访问，参观(某地)
set down(＝put down) 写下，记下
set aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或金钱)
On arriving at the village，the professor set out to study/set about studying the customs of the natives.
一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
The teacher asked us to set out our points in a logical order，and I did well.
老师要求我们有条理地陈述观点，我表现得不错。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)That’s why Elian set out ________________(discover) how much caffeine causes high blood pressure.
(2)I got out of bed early and set ________ on time，but then the bus got stuck in traffic.
【答案】(1)to discover (2)out/off
(3)But suppose there had been a new shop set ________ in the town，and when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture.
(4)After dinner，Candida set out ________ the supermarket to buy some chocolate.
(5)She gave me an extra binder that she had and she got out a piece of paper，and set about ________(write) my name “Zoe” in a cool font(字体).
【答案】(3)up (4)for (5)writing
用set的相关短语填空
(6)He was the one who first ________ the stories of the Celtic storytellers.
(7)Be open to making new friends as soon as you __________ campus.
(8)We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
【答案】(6)set down (7)set foot in/on (8)set out
2．pick up拿起，拾起
(P110) When I picked them up，I was amazed that each coconut was wrapped in clear，thin plastic.
【翻译】当我把它们拿起来的时候，我惊讶地发现每个椰子都用透明的薄塑料包裹着。
(1)pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来
(2)pick up捡起，拾起，拿起
(3)pick up (碰巧或廉价地)买到；(偶然)得到，听到，学会
(4)pick up搭载；(开车)接人；接收(信号、声音、图像等)；取回，收集；接电话；使(精神等)恢复；改善，好转
【语言提升】
He just picked himself up and went on running.
他站起来继续跑。
The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
那个男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
She picked up a valuable first edition at a village book sale.
她在乡村图书展销会上买到一本珍贵的首版书。
She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
她居住在墨西哥时学会了西班牙语。
I picked up my coat from the cleaner’s.
我从干洗店取回了外衣。
The phone rang and rang but nobody picked up.
电话铃响了又响，但没人接。
Trade usually picks up in the spring.
贸易一般在春天回升。
【针对练习】
写出下面句子中pick up的含义
(1)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.________
(2)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.________
【答案】(1)获得 (2)接听(电话)
(3)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by email，so you can pick it up. ________
(4)Visitors can pick up one of 1,000 free books to read while enjoying the fresh air and sunshine from the Book Garden’s rooftop park.________
【答案】(3)收取 (4)拿起
(5)We had to pick up all the rubbish that we could find on the seaside.________
(6)It’s picking me up at the office at six and will bring me home after the meeting.________
【答案】(5)捡起 (6)(用车)接送
3．aware adj.意识到的，明白的
(P111) Two friends，Lisa and Amy are discussing how to become more environmentally aware.
【翻译】丽莎和艾米两个朋友正在讨论如何增强环保意识。
(1)be/feel/become aware of sth注意到/意识到某事物
be/feel/become aware that...注意到/意识到……
as far as I’m aware (＝as far as I know) 据我所知
make sb aware of...使某人注意到/意识到……
(2)unaware adj.不知道，未意识到，未察觉
be unaware of...不知道……；没意识到……
【语言提升】
We should be aware that a lot of animals are endangered.
我们应该知道许多动物处于濒危状态。
As far as I am aware，he doesn’t know the truth.
据我所知，他不知道真相。
(3)awareness n．[U]意识，知道
raise/promote(one’s)awareness of...提升(某人)在……方面的意识
develop an awareness of...逐渐懂得
a lack of awareness 缺乏认识
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public ________(aware) about environmental protection.
(2)They both smiled；neither seemed likely to be aware ________ my absence for a long time.
(3)The young lady had not read the letter and so was ________ (aware) of its contents.
【答案】(1)awareness (2)of (3)unaware
完成句子
(4)As soon as I saw a large crowd at the street corner，I ________________(意识到) something unusual happened.
(5)________________(据我所知)，no proper investigation has ever been carried out into the subject.
(6)If humans have no ______________(保护的意识)，natural resources will run out soon.
【答案】(4)was/became aware that (5)As far as I’m aware/ As far as I know (6)awareness of protection
4．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑
(P111) It’s rubbish collection day tomorrow.
【翻译】明天是垃圾收集日。
(1)have a collection of...收集……；收藏……
(2)collect vt.收集；收藏
collector n．收藏家；收集者
collective adj.集体的；共同的；总体的
【语言提升】
He has a good collection of ancient coins.
他收藏了相当多的古代硬币。
The collection of these stamps took him ten years.
收集这些邮票花了他十年时间。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The unwilling parent organises the meal schedule，sends out emails，and ________(collect) money for end-of-season gifts.
【答案】(1)collects
(2)Many people have the hobby of_________(collect) things，e.g.stamps，postcards or antiques.
(3)We all bear______________ (collect) responsibility for this decision.
【答案】(2)collecting (3)collective
5．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的
(P111) I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment.
【翻译】一想到我们对环境造成的影响，我就会感到焦虑。
(1)be anxious for sb/about sth(＝be worried about...)
为……担心/担忧
【语言提升】
be anxious for...(＝be eager for...)渴望……
be anxious (for sb) to do sth渴望(某人)做某事
(2)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
(3)anxiety n．担心；忧虑；渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
Parents are naturally anxious for their children.
父母自然会为儿女担心。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She was anxious ________(know) what had happened.
(2)When they are facing many uncertainties，it is natural for parents to feel anxious ____________ their children’s academic performance.
【答案】(1)to know (2)about
(3)The only person I could think of was Mort.Without hesitation，I headed for the store，knocked at the door and waited ________(anxious).
(4)If you’re worried about your study，share your ________ (anxious) with your teacher.
【答案】(3)anxiously (4)anxiety
6．end up结束
(P111) Our oceans are full of plastic waste，and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result.
【翻译】我们的海洋里充斥着塑料垃圾，导致动物和鸟类因为吞食塑料而死亡。
end up最终成为……；最后处于……
end up doing sth以做某事……结束
end up＋adj.以某种状态结束
end up with...以……结束(侧重以某种方式结束)
end up in...以……(状况)告终(侧重以某种结果结束)
end up as...最终成了……(侧重以某种身份结束)
【语言提升】
Their long struggle ended up in failure.
他们长时间的斗争以失败告终。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up ________(get) a fulltime job with the company.
【答案】(1)getting
(2)Joining the firm as a clerk，he got rapid promotion，and ended up ________ a manager.
(3)The meeting began at 7 o’clock，and ended up ________ a speech by Mrs Black.
(4)There are those，you know，who，by circumstance，end up ________(home).
【答案】(2)as (3)with (4)homeless
完成句子
(5)Just as she puts it，be thankful for what you have and you’ll ______________________________．
正如她所说的那样，对你所拥有的心存感激，这样你最终会拥有更多。
(6)If you go on like this，you’ll ____________ sooner or later.
如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
【答案】(5)end up having more (6)end up in prison
7．put out扑灭；倒干净
(P111)I’ll put out our bins.
【翻译】我要把垃圾桶倒干净。
put out倒干净；腾空；扑灭；
伸出；出版
【语言提升】
Please put out your hand.请伸出你的手。
The firemen have already put out the fire.
消防员已经把火扑灭了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We had planned to hold the sports meeting tomorrow.Now it seems that we have to put it ________.
【答案】(1)off
(2)Hi，guys，put _______ your toys and come to have dinner.
(3)The line is very busy，so I can’t put ________.
(4)I really can’t put up ________ so much noise.
(5)The manager didn’t agree to the idea which was put ______ by the old worker.
(6)They put ________ the lights on the Christmas tree.
【答案】(2)away (3)through (4)with (5)forward (6)up
◇句式解读
1．(P111) Supermarkets want to make sure that coconuts reach the consumer in the best condition.
【翻译】超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
【句式剖析】
make sure意为“确信、确定”，其后接that引导的宾语从句。
【句式提升】
(1)make sure (that)从句
确保……；核实/弄清……
(2)make sure of
查明，弄清楚；确保，设法保证
They scored another goal and made sure of victory.
他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。
【针对练习】
选择填空：make sure/make sure of
(1)To ________ you get enough vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside.
(2)You’ll have to ________________ your own safety when you are volunteering in that area.
【答案】(1)make sure (2)make sure of
翻译句子
(3)在国外，你要确保一直带着你的护照。
___________________________________
(4)我建议早点去图书馆，以确保有个好座位。
___________________________________
【答案】(3)Make sure (that) you have your passport with you all the time in a foreign country.
(4)I suggest going to the library early to make sure of a good seat.
2．(P111)...the packaging should be changed so that it’s recyclable.
【翻译】……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
【句式剖析】
本句中的so that意为“以便，为了”，在句中引导一个表示目的的状语从句。
【句式提升】
在使用so that引导目的状语从句的时候，我们应注意如下几点：
(1)so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”。此时，从句谓语常含有should，would，could，might，can等情态动词。其同义短语in order that也引导目的状语从句，但 so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
Bring it closer so that/in order that I can see it more clearly.
拿近一些，好让我看得更清楚。
(2)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或“in order to/so as to”结构。注意：so as to不能放在句首，而in order to可放在句首。
【温馨提示】
so that除了引导目的状语从句外，还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，此时从句中通常没有情态动词。
【针对练习】
判断下列句子中so that引导的从句类型
(1)I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly，so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.______
(2)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.________
【答案】(1)目的状语从句 (2)目的状语从句
(3)The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be put off until the next month.________
一句多译
为了避开交通堵塞，他早早就离开了。
(4)He left early _____________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
【答案】(3)结果状语从句 (4)so that/in order that
(5)____________ he could avoid the traffic jam，he left early.
(6)He left early ____________ avoid the traffic jam.
(7)____________ avoid the traffic jam，he left early.
【答案】(5)In order that (6)in order to/so as to/to
(7)In order to/To
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We packed the books in a large ________(塑料盒).
2．That piece of ________(灰尘) is out of your eye now.
3．I have trouble using ________(筷子)correctly in China.
4．He loaned the museum his entire ________(收藏品).
【答案】1.carton 2.dirt 3.chopsticks 4．collection
5．The first kind of air ________(运输方式) was the balloon.
6．They can’t treat me like that；I’m not going to ________ (吞下) it.
7．This is an ______(新颖的) approach to language teaching.
【答案】5.transportation 6.swallow 7．Innovative
8．They will hold a _______(委员会) to discuss the proposal.
9．If you’re a loner，it’s time to come out of your ________ (贝壳) and make some small talk with a stranger.
10．It really doesn’t have to be big.As a matter of fact you should always have ________(实际的) expectations.
【答案】8.council 9.shell 10．realistic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He struck me as a very serious but _______(friend) person.
2．Mobile payment has won over ________(consume) with its convenience.
3．One of the liveliest talks was about the ________(argue) they had with their parents.
【答案】1.friendly 2.consumers 3．arguments
4．Have a handy container prepared，such as a ________ (refill) bottle you can take with you.
5．Our government should strive to launch campaigns to raise people’s ________(aware) of protecting the earth.
6．In the museum，we can see many ancient ________ (collect) related to Confucius.
【答案】4.refillable 5．awareness 6.collections
7．Mr Rose calmly shared his rule in life with all the reporters who were ________ (anxious) awaiting his reply.
8．These ________(environmental) smart ideas will turn your home lawn into a small garden.
9．The energy shortage of the world results partly from _____ (waste) use by the industrialised countries.
10．Children will have enough time to catch the school bus，and the husband will never forget to change his _______(dirt) shirt.
【答案】7.anxiously 8.environmentally 9.wasteful 10.dirty
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．____________ to make the same mistake.
犯同样的错误是愚蠢的。
2．He has few friends ____________ his life is lonely.
他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。
【答案】1.It is stupid 2.so that
3．You can’t be too careful ______________．
开车时越小心越好。
4．That carpet is wearing well，____________？
这地毯很耐用，是不是？
5．________________.Where do I go to sign up for that tour
那听起来好极了。我到哪里去报名参加呢？
【答案】3.when driving 4.isn’t it 5.That sounds fantastic(共133张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
A．太阳光(能)的
B．(使)孵化
C．各种各样的，形形色色的
D．影响
E．(使)恢复
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The hen must find a warm place to hatch her eggs. ( )
2．After a week in bed，she was fully restored to health. ( )
3．The divorce affected every aspect of her life. ( )
4．With its varied climate，the country attracts both winter and summer sports enthusiasts. ( )
5．Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. ( )
【答案】1—5 BEDCA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．usual adj.→ __________ adj.异常的；不平常的
2．increase v.→ __________ vi.& vt.减少
n．减少；减少的量
3．danger n.→ __________ adj.濒危的
【答案】1.unusual 2.decrease 3．endangered
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
be at risk，be to blame，have a bad effect on，die out，wipe out
1．Some of the traditional customs are disappearing in China.
＝Some of the traditional customs are ____________ in China.
2．The villages were all destroyed completely in the war.
＝The villages were all __________ in the war.
【答案】1.dying out 2.wiped out
3．The driver should bear the blame for the traffic accident.
＝The driver __________________ for the traffic accident.
4．The cars have a bad influence on the environment.
＝The cars ________________________ the environment.
5．All houses near the seas are in danger of flooding.
＝All houses near the seas __________________ of flooding.
【答案】3．was to blame 4．have a bad effect on
5.are at risk
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.根据课文完成表格，每空不多于三个单词
The Sixth Extinction
【答案】1.Explanation 2.Historical examples
Topic introduction 1.________ of extinction.
2.___________： the third mass extinction，the fifth extinction.
【答案】3.volcanic eruption 4.dying out
5．negatively affected
Topic introduction Reasons for extinction: 3._________，asteroids hitting the earth from space，changes of sea level，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea，global warming.
Major concerns Species are 4.____________ at a rapid speed.
A study by scientist.
Conclusion: Human activity has 5.__________ the earth.
【答案】6.three quarters 7.How to avoid
8.endangered species 9.lifestyles 10.farming methods
Consequence of the sixth mass extinction Up to 6._____________ of all species on the earth could die out.
7.________？ Save 8.____________________.
Change our 9.______________.
Improve 10.____________________.
Ⅱ.判断正误
( )1.Over 90 percent of all ever living species extincted in the last 500 million years.
( )2.It is natural for species to die out usually.
( )3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs，entire species will be wiped out.
( )4.In order to avoid the sixth extinction，we need to stop travelling around.
【答案】1－4 FTFF
Ⅲ.阅读理解
( )1.What is one of the reasons for extinction
A．Sleep of volcano. B．Changes in sea levels.
C．Rise in oxygen. D．Drop in temperature.
( )2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to reasons of species death
A．Ages. B．Ways.
C．Numbers. D．Rates.
【答案】1－2 BD
( )3.What would happen if 75% of all species on Earth could die out
A．We would be at risk of dying out.
B．We would not have enough food to eat.
C．We would have no place to live in.
D．We would have no clean water to drink.
【答案】A
( )4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction
A．By producing more species.
B．By stopping destroying the planet.
C．By taking action to protect ourselves.
D．By moving to another planet immediately.
【答案】B
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
In the last 500 million years，there have been five times 1.______ life on Earth has almost ended.Many 2._______(scientist) say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.There is 3._______ long list of reasons why so many species 4._______(die) out.
【答案】1.when 2.scientists 3.a 4.are dying
This time，human activity will be 5.______(blame) because human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 6.________(fast) than normal and has 7.________(negative) affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.If a sixth mass extinction 8.________(occur)，
【答案】5.to blame 6.faster 7.negatively 8.occurs
we would also be 9.________ risk of dying out as our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.In order to avoid the sixth extinction，we need to take steps to stop 10.________(destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
【答案】9.at 10.destroying
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．wipe out 彻底毁灭
(P52) Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
【语言提升】
wipe out是个多义词语，可以表示：
(1)彻底消灭，全部摧毁(具体的物品)
(2)去除，擦掉(抽象的东西)
wipe sth down (用湿布)彻底揩擦干净
wipe sth off/from sth 从……除掉(或抹掉)
The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.
这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。
Please wipe the dust off the chair.
请把灰尘从椅子上擦掉。
wipe sth on/with sth 擦拭；抹；揩；蹭
wipe sth away＝wipe sth out把某物清除掉
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)A volcanic eruption nearly __________________________ of Montserrat in 1997.
在1997年的一次火山喷发差点把蒙特色拉特这个小岛给毁灭了。
【答案】(1)wiped out the small island
(2)A disease has _________________.
一场疾病把他所有的记忆都抹去了。
(3)A big fire _________________.
一场大火把那座小木屋烧毁了。
【答案】(2)wiped out all his memories
(3)wiped out the small wooden house
单句语法填空
(4)Locusts are pests but they aren’t easily wiped ________ by their enemies.
(5)Then I wiped the dust _______ all the furniture and mopped the floors.
【答案】(4)out (5)off
2．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的
(P52) Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
【语言提升】
(1)unusual adj.不寻常的；罕见的；独特的；与众不同的
not unusual 常见的；普遍的
It is unusual (for sb) to do sth
做某事对某人来说是不寻常的。
It is unusual that sb do sth
某人做某事是不寻常的。
(2)unusually adv.不寻常地
usual adj.通常的
than usual 比平时
as usual 像平常那样
usually adv.通常地
It’s not unusual for him to feel very angry in a situation like this.
在像这样的情况下他觉得非常生气并不罕见。
He was an unusual man with great business talents.
他不同凡响，很有商业天赋。
It is not unusual that she often reaches out her helping hand.
她经常伸出援手，这并不罕见。
【温馨提示】
un-是常见的否定前缀，常可加在形容词前表示相反的状态。常见的有：unknown(未知的)，unsafe(不安全的)，unpleasant(使人不愉快的)，unhappy(不高兴的)等。
【语境助记】
It is unusual that the rain suddenly falls today，but he still goes running in the park as usual.He usually says，“Once you have got into the habit of exercising，you will stick to it.”
不寻常的是，今天突然下起雨来，但是他仍然像往常一样在公园里跑步。他经常说，“你一旦养成了锻炼的习惯，就会坚持。”
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Chopsticks are ________(usual) two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.
【答案】(1)usually
(2)This time，we stayed together，in case anything else ________(usual) happened.
(3)But a few days ago，this ancient town was _______(usual) full of people.
【答案】(2)unusual (3)unusually
3．mass adj.大量的
(P52) These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
【翻译】这些包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次物种大灭绝，它杀死了90%到96%的物种。
【语言提升】
(1)mass n．大量，许多；团，块，堆；群众，民众
a mass of许多，一堆
masses of许多，大量的(泛指)
the mass of大量的(特指)
in mass整个地，全部地
the masses群众，平民百姓
There is a mass of snow in front of the house.
房子前面有一堆雪。
(2)mass adj.大量的；群众的，民众的；大规模的
【温馨提示】
a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。“a mass of/masses of＋n.” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A mass ________ colours — from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon and then to the most vivid pink — shone like a carpet before us.
(2)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land ________(mass) as far south as Newfoundland.
【答案】(1)of (2)masses
(3)It’s time to have lunch，so I think there surely are _______ (mass) of people in the dining room.
(4)With forests destroyed，masses of fertile soil ________(be) being washed away each year.
【答案】(3)masses (4)is
4．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
(P52) The reasons for extinctions are varied.
【翻译】物种灭绝的原因多种多样。
【语言提升】
(1)varied adj.不同的，多变的，各种各样的，形形色色的(＝various)
(2)vary vi.(根据情况)变化，改变；(大小、形状等)相异，不同
Representatives from varied parts of the country have arrived in Beijing.
来自全国各地的代表们到达了北京。
vary with...随……而变化
vary from...不同于……
vary in...在……方面不同；有差异
vary from...to...从……到……不等/不同
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The three groups of violinists ________(vary) a lot in their practice times last month.
(2)World Wildlife Day celebrates biodiversity，including wild fauna and flora，in all its ________(vary) and beautiful forms.
【答案】(1)varied (2)varied
(3)I like reading books very much，especially storybooks，varying from Chinese stories ________ English stories.
(4)Changes in price normally vary _______ changes of supply and need.
(5)Though Lucy and Lily are twins，they vary ____________ characters.
【答案】(3)to (4)with (5)in
5．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量
(P52) According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
【翻译】根据科学家的说法，它们包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量减少和全球变暖。
【语言提升】
(1)decrease vi.& vt.(使大小、数量等)减少，减小，降低
decrease by...减少了……(表示减少的比例)
decrease to...减少到……(表示减少后的数量)
decrease in...在……方面减少
(2)decrease n．减少，降低(可数或不可数)
a decrease in...在……方面减少
on the decrease在减少
(3)increase vi.& vt.(使)增长，增多，增加 n．增长，增多，增加
increase to...增加到……(表示增加后的量)
increase by...增加了……(表示增加了多大的比例)
an increase in...在……方面增加
on the increase在增加
People planted trees on the waste hills to decrease soil erosion.
人们在荒丘上种植了树木，以减少水土流失。
The number of the students in our school has decreased to 1,200.
我们学校的学生数量已减少到一千二百人。
The demand for corn is on the decrease each year in this country.
这个国家对玉米的需求量在逐年减少。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)In recent years，some Inuit people in Nunavut reported increases ________ bear sightings around human settlements.
(2)In September，an Australian Senate committee reported that there was no question the koala’s population is ________ the decrease.
【答案】(1)in (2)on
(3)Also power walking _______(decrease) the risks of serious diseases like high blood pressure，heart attacks and certain types of cancers.
(4)The accidents have decreased ________ 20% since the measures were taken.
(5)The crime rate in this area has decreased ______ the lowest level nowadays.
【答案】(3)decreases (4)by (5)to
6．die out灭绝，死光
(P52) Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
【翻译】虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
To our sadness，many old customs are gradually dying out.
让我们伤心的是，许多旧习俗都在渐渐消失。
【语言提升】
die off相继死去，先后死去
die down逐渐变弱，逐渐平息
die from/of...死于……
die away逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
be dying for sth/to do sth渴望某物/做某事
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We are dying ________(explore) the ancient ruins in that country.
(2)We’re hoping that the storm can die ________ before we go out sailing.
(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over，the cattle will die ________.
【答案】(1)to explore (2)down (3)off
7．blame vt.责怪，指责
(P52) This time，human activity will be to blame.
【翻译】这一次，人类活动应受到指责。
【语言提升】
(1)blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
blame sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame for (doing) sth因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义)
(2)blame n．责任，责备
take/bear the blame for sth 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth) on...把(某事的)责任归咎于……
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
【语境助记】
He is blamed for the big mistake，but he blamed it on others.In fact，it is he，not others，that is to blame for it.
他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，要对此负责。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Our task now is not ________(blame) the past，but to plan for the future.
(2)Joel blamed Harry _______ using all of the bug spray.Harry told Joel he smelled terrible，and Joel realised her mistake.
(3)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ________ the alarm clock.
【答案】(1)to blame (2)for (3)on
8．affect vt.影响
(P53) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.
【翻译】显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
【语言提升】
(1)affect vt.影响；感染；假装
affect vt.(感情上)深深打动(一般用被动形式)；使悲伤(或怜悯等)
affect vt.(指疾病)侵袭，感染
(2)affection n．影响；喜爱，钟爱
have/show affection for sb/sth钟爱某人或某物
affections爱情
He was deeply affected by the music.
那段音乐深深打动了他。
The disease is beginning to affect her brain.
疾病开始侵袭她的大脑。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It is certain that people’s views on happiness________ (affect) greatly by their own life experience.
(2)His mother had a deep________(affect) for him.
【答案】(1)are affected (2)affection
9．up to高达
(P53) If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
【翻译】研究这一问题的科学家们认为，如果第六次物种大灭绝发生，地球上多达四分之三的物种将会灭绝。
【语言提升】
up to意为“高达”，表达“某个数量”，还可以表示：
(1)“达到……程度”
(2)“直到……为止”，相当于till或until
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up to then直到那时(常与过去完成时连用)
(3)“(体力或智力上)能胜任”
(4)“是(某人)的责任，由……决定，取决于”
It’s up to sb to do sth
做某事是某人的职责。/做某事由某人决定。
It’s up to sb＋whether/how/when...
是否/如何/何时/……由某人决定。
I’m afraid Tim just isn’t up to the job.
我恐怕蒂姆干不了这份工作。
It’s up to you.(交际用语)由你决定。
Our team played up to its best in the last football league.
我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Almost one in ten admits spending up ________ three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails.
(2)Up to now，the programme ________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
(3)It is up to you ________(decide) when to go shopping.
【答案】(1)to (2)has saved (3)to decide
10．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
(P53) Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.
【翻译】当然，由于我们人类的生存依赖如此多的物种，我们也会面临灭绝的危险。
【语言提升】
(1)at risk (from/of sth) 有危险；冒风险
(2)at the risk of doing sth冒着……的风险
(3)at risk to oneself/sb/sth冒着伤及……的危险
(4)do sth at your own risk (常见于告示)自担风险；责任自负
(5)run a risk (of sth/of doing sth)冒风险；有……的危险
(6)run the risk (of sth/of doing sth)冒……的危险；冒险(做某事)
(7)take a risk/take risks to do sth冒险(做某事)
(8)reduce/cut the risk of (doing) sth减少(做)某事的危险
(9)lower the risk of (doing) sth降低危险
Valuables are left at their owner’s risk.
贵重物品需看管，否则风险自负。
Investment is all about running risks.
投资就是要冒风险。
That’s a risk I’m not prepared to take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)This method can shorten the time of operation，_________ (减少手术风险)，and produce a suitable repair result for patients.
(2)__________________(冒着失去积蓄的风险)，Jack invested in a start-up company that he believed in.
【答案】(1)reduce/cut the risk of operation
(2)the risk of losing his savings
11．survive v．幸存；存活
(P53) Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸；没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。
【语言提升】
(1)survive on sth依靠……生活
(2)survive vt.幸存，幸免于难。其宾语通常是war，accident，flood，fire，earthquake，air crash等。
(3)survive vt.比……活(或存在)的时间长
survive sb by＋时间段 比某人多活……
(4)survival n．幸存，生存，存活(不可数)
survivor n．幸存者，生还者(可数)
How do you survive on such a low salary
你是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的？
She survived her husband by ten years.
她比她的丈夫多活了十年。
【语境助记】
Mr Green was one of the survivors who survived the earthquake.Everyone said his survival was a wonder.格林先生是这次地震的幸存者之一。每个人都说他的幸存是一个奇迹。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)They are adaptable foragers that learn to survive ________ a wide range of food sources.
(2)We depend on wildlife and on the planet’s rich biodiversity for our ________(survive) and well-being.
(3)The only ________(survive) of a shipwreck was washed up on a small island where no one lived.
【答案】(1)on (2)survival (3)survivor
12．lay vt.&vi.产(卵)
(P53) Only one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay eggs.
【翻译】在那些鸟中，只有一只叫作“老蓝”的雌性鸟能下蛋。
【语言提升】
lay vt.(指轻轻地或小心地)放置，安放，搁
lay aside放弃；把……放在一边
lay down放下；中断(工作)，辞(职)
lay off解雇
lay out摆开，展开；布置，策划
lay the table(相当于set the table) 摆餐具
lay stress on...强调……
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
She laid the baby down gently on the bed.
她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。
【易混辨析】
lay& lie
动词 意义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie 说谎 lied lied lying
lie 平躺 lay lain lying
lay 放置 laid laid laying
lay 下蛋 laid laid laying
【针对练习】
用lay的相关短语的正确形式完成句子
(1)The factory had to _____________ some workers due to the financial crisis.
(2)She _____________ all her new clothes on the bed and tried them on one by one.
(3)When supper was ready，her mother told her to ________.
【答案】(1)lay off (2)laid out (3)lay the table
用lay或lie的适当形式填空
(4)He ________ a hand on my shoulder for comfort just now.
(5)She found Irene ________ on the bed crying pitiably.
(6)It is not that he _____________ exactly，but he did tend to exaggerate(夸大).
【答案】(4)laid (5)lying (6)lied
◇句式解读
1．(P52) In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
【翻译】在过去的五亿年里，曾经有五次地球上的生命几乎灭绝。
【句式剖析】
不少同学对本句中的“there have been five times”结构感到困惑，他们认为there be结构是不可以同have连用的。实际上，表示“有”的there be结构，不同于用作实义动词的have。本句的have是一个助动词，同后面的been构成现在完成时。
【句式提升】
(1)there be结构有各种时态。there be结构中的be动词可以根据具体情况，有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、used to结构等。
There used to be a tower by the river.
河边曾经有一座塔。
(2)there be结构还可以根据具体的情况，同情态动词或seem，happen，remain等连用。
There seems to be someone crying in the next room.
隔壁似乎有人在哭。
There happened to be a bus waiting at the bus stop.
在公交车站碰巧有一辆公共汽车等着。
(3)there be句型中，be动词有时可用lie，stand，live，exist等替换，表示某个时候或某地有某物。
There stands a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Between the two buildings _________________ in which a few children are swimming.
在这两幢楼之间有一个游泳池，里面有几个孩子在游泳。
(2)The moment our class meeting was over，______________ a heated discussion.
班会一结束，接着就是一场激烈的讨论。
【答案】(1)there lies a swimming pool (2)there followed
(3)______________ no ideal solution to these tough problems.
对于这些棘手的问题似乎没有理想的解决办法。
(4)________________ lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.
如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
【答案】(3)There seems to be (4)There will still be
2．(P53) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.
【翻译】显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语。其后接的is clear是一个系表结构。后面的that从句是真正的主语。
【句式提升】
(1)It is＋形容词(表语)＋that从句(真正的主语)。在这个结构中，that从句的谓语部分通常是“should＋动词原形”。
It is necessary that you should behave well at school.
在学校你应该表现好一点。
(2)这句型中的表语，除了是形容词外，还可以是名词。
It is your duty that you should take good care of your parents.
照顾好你的父母是你的职责。
(3)这个句型中的that从句可以转换成动词不定式短语for sb to do sth。
(4)出现在这个句型中的形容词通常有：important，necessary，basic，wrong，possible，impossible，vital，natural，common，strange，normal，fundamental等。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)________ is impossible that the small boy should have made the same mistake once again.
(2)It is quite true ______ Mike got the first prize in the speech contest last week.
(3)It is necessary ________ you to give up smoking in order to keep healthy.
(4)It is vital for us ________(keep) the environment clean.
【答案】(1)It (2)that (3)for (4)to keep
3．(P53) Without forest，we would have no air to breathe...
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸……
【句式剖析】
本句的介词without引出的条件是一个假设的条件，句子的谓语动词用了虚拟语气。
【句式提升】
without后接虚拟条件时，谓语动词要使用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词有如下三种形式：
(1)与现在事实相反，谓语部分：would/could/might (not) do sth。
Without air，man couldn’t exist on the earth.
没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存。
(2)与过去事实相反，谓语部分：would/could/might (not) have done sth。
Without your help，I would have failed the exam last week.
没有你帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了。
(3)与将来事实相反，谓语动词：would/could/might (not) do sth。
Without your ticket，I wouldn’t be able to go to the concert tomorrow.要是没有你的票，我明天就不能去听音乐会了。
【温馨提示】
并不是without所在的句子谓语动词一定要用虚拟语气。如果它表示一种真实的情况时，就不能用虚拟语气。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Without your help，_________________(我就不能完成我的工作) yesterday.
(2)Without the Internet，_________________(我们的生活就不会那么方便) today.
【答案】(1)I couldn’t have finished my work
(2)our life wouldn’t be so convenient
4．(P53) To help them survive, people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live.
【翻译】为了它们的生存，人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并移除捕杀它们的小动物，例如岛上的老鼠和猫。
【句式剖析】
本句中“To help them survive”为动词不定式作目的状语，表明人们恢复栖息地和移除小动物的目的。
【句式提升】
(1)动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……；以便……”，常用to do，in order to do，so as to do等结构。to do和in order to do放在句首或句中都可以，so as to do只能放在句中。
They work hard in order to / so as to make a better life.为了过上更好的生活，他们努力工作。
(2)用动词不定式作目的状语时，需要注意以下三点：
①动词不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词表示的动作。
I said that to encourage him.我那样说是为了鼓励他。
②动词不定式表示否定时，in order或so as不能省略，即要用in order not to或so as not to形式。
She walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.她轻轻地走着，以免惊动婴儿。
③不定式作目的状语可以转换为so that / in order that或so...that...引导的目的状语从句。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He shouted and waved in order ______(notice).
【答案】(1)to be noticed
同义句转换
(2)He practised hard in order to reach the final.
He practised __________________ he could reach the final.
He practised hard ________________ he could reach the final.
【答案】(2)so hard that；so that/in order that
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
请认真理解句意，体会画线单词在句中的作用和语法功能。
1．Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
2．In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
3．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming and overfishing.
4．These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
5．Tom won the first prize in the competition，which made his parents very happy.
6．I have kept in mind everything that you told me.
【我的领悟】
1．句1中，where是一个关系副词，引导一个________从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示一种情况。where在从句中作________。
2．句2中，when是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示时间。when在从句中作________。
3．句3中，why是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示原因。why在从句中作________。
4．句4中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个非限制性的定语从句，对先行词________进行补充说明。which在从句中作________。
5．句5中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句。其先行词是前面的________。which在从句中作________。
6．句6中，that是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。that在从句中作________。
keys：1.定语；Extinctions；地点状语
2．times；时间状语 3.reasons；原因状语 4.Great Dying；主语 5.整个句子；主语 6.everything；宾语
□限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、两类定语从句的不同
所谓限制性定语从句就是对先行词进行修饰、限制的定语从句。这类从句如果去掉了，则句子的意思不完整。非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行一个补充说明，去掉这个从句，句子意思依然完整。这两类定语从句主要有如下不同：
区别一：形式不同。限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二：功能不同。限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People who take physical exercise live longer.(若把从句去掉句子意思不完整)
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week.(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
他的女儿现在在波士顿，她下星期回来。
区别三：翻译不同。在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而非限制性定语从句常与主句分开。
He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim，who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
区别四：含义不同。 比较下面的两个句子：
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(不止一个姐姐)
I have a sister，who is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。
Peter drove too fast，which was dangerous.(which指drove too fast)
彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
He changed his mind，which made me very angry.(which指整个主句)
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
注意：下列情形只能用非限制性定语从句：
1．当“不定数量词 (如some，several)/数词＋of which/ whom” 表示“整体中的一部分”的概念时。
2．当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
二、非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词，但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句一般由关系代词which或as引导，as引导的非限制性定语从句常用在as is said/ known/expected/mentioned/reported/announced等结构中。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the Earth once every month.
2．that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday，which pleased her a lot.
3．why 不用在非限制性定语从句中，需用for which代替。
I told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the party last week.
4．在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
5．关系代词省略。关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
She is the new student (whom/who/that) I want to introduce to you.
□追踪练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
2．We have entered into an age __________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
【答案】1.whose 2.when
3．Their baby is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
4．Now lrene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened with her late husband Les.
5．They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】3.where 4．which 5.who/that
6．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
7．The students benefiting most from college are those _____ are totally engaged in academic life.
8．The reason ________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
【答案】6.that/which 7．who 8.why
9．However，Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island ________ he began to plant trees.
10．The village lay near some wetlands ________ became his second home.
【答案】9.where 10.which/that
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．One afternoon，________________________(那时我还在上小学)，I was walking by the school playground.
2．In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ______________________(为他们创设的).
【答案】1.when I was in primary school
2．which/that is created for them
3．She and her family bicycle to work，_______________(这有助于他们保持健康).
4．Kate，____________________________(我和她共用一个房间)when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.
5．The stadium __________________________(它的旁边有一家电影院) will be reconstructed.
【答案】3．which helps them keep fit
4.whom I shared a room with 5.beside which stands a theatre
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Chicks are ________(孵化) from the eggs.
2．He gathered a huge ________(大量的) of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.
3．She is popular with her students as her teaching methods are ________(不平常的).
【答案】1.hatched 2.mass 3.unusual
4．They have invented a new car，which is powered by ________(太阳能的) batteries.
5．We ought to ensure something that ________(使恢复) our lost energy and cheers us up.
6．Another disadvantage of the Internet was that it was _____ (影响) people’s private lives.
【答案】4．solar 5.restores 6.affecting
7．This has been the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different ________(物种).
8．Businessmen feel worried that growing ecommerce will ________(减少) their share of the market.
【答案】7.species 8．decrease
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The glass appears to reflect light ________(natural).
2．Every mother has affection ________ her children.
3．This rare bird has become an ________(endanger) species.
4．They demanded the _______(restore) of all their lost lands.
【答案】1.naturally 2.for 3.endangered 4．restoration
5．A ______(vary) and ancient food culture should be famous worldwide.
6．We can’t afford to overlook such serious _______(pollute) to the environment.
7．On the other hand，there are always some people who view this gap ________(negative).
【答案】5.varied 6.pollution 7．negatively
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We __________________ the goal without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们就不能实现目标了。
2．We don’t find the book by association.__________，we don’t find the book by referring to its contents.
我们不是通过关联来找书，也就是说，我们不会通过其内容来查找。
【答案】1.couldn’t have achieved 2.That is
3．That is a beautiful campus ______ I made my dreams come true.那就是成就我梦想的美丽校园。
4．He has found a good job ____________ he is qualified.
他已经找到了他所胜任的一份好工作。
5．The man ________ has made up his mind to win will not say “impossible”．
决心取得胜利的人不会说“不可能”。
【答案】3．where 4.for which 5.who(共46张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period One Topic Talk
课前自主预习
A．猎取，猎杀
B．灭绝的，绝种的
C．紧急的，急迫的
D．一项，一条
E．转换，改变
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The most urgent thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building. ( )
2．She started studying English，but switched to law in her second year. ( )
3．Many tribes became extinct when they came into contact with Western illnesses. ( )
4．Several items of clothing lay on the floor. ( )
5．Cats like to hunt mice and birds. ( )
【答案】1—5 CEBDA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．conserve v.& n.→ __________ n．保护
2．information n.→ __________ adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
【答案】1.conservation 2.informative
3．legally adv.→ __________ adv.非法地，违法地
4．incredible adj.→ __________ adv.非常，极端地
5．recycle vi.&vt.→ __________ adj.不可回收的
【答案】3．illegally 4.incredibly 5.unrecyclable
Ⅲ.预备话题素材
1．We each should _______ ________ ________ in changing current urgent situations.(发挥作用)
2．If we want a better place to live in，we need to________ ________ ________ to protect it.(尽我们的职责)
3．________ ________ ________ ________ (非法猎捕野生动物) will be punished severely.
【答案】1.have a role 2.do our part
3．Illegally hunting wild animals
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
(P110) After the lecture，I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet.
【翻译】讲座结束后，我明白了石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。
(1)make threats against sb对某人进行威胁
under threat受到威胁
(2)threatening adj.恐吓的，威胁的
threatened adj.受到威胁的
threaten vt.威胁到；危及；威胁，恐吓
【语言提升】
There is a real threat of war.
的确有可能发生战争。
He threatened to take his boss to court.
他扬言要把他的老板告上法庭。
【温馨提示】
-en作后缀可用于构成动词，常表示“使，使成为，变得”等含义。常见的此类动词还有：shorten 使缩短；deepen加深，使变深；broaden使变宽，加宽；sharpen使锋利，削尖；strengthen加强；frighten使害怕。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Wildlife has been greatly ______(threat) in the modern age.
(2)Our neighbour threatened __________(call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
(3)Some cultures see direct eye contact as impolite or _______ (threaten)behaviour，while Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty.
【答案】(1)threatened (2)to call (3)threatening
2．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变
(P110) We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.
【翻译】我们确实需要尽快转向到(其他)不同形式的能源。
switch to切换到；变成
switch on＝turn on打开(电器)
switch off关闭(电器)；不再想着；不再注意；失去兴趣
switch over 换台；换频道
switch (from A) to B (由A)转变成B
【语言提升】
To keep fit，you can switch to morning or lunchtime exercise.
为了保持健康，你可以转变到早上或午间锻炼。
What happens when you switch on a computer
当你开启电脑时，发生了什么？
【针对练习】
用switch相关短语的正确形式填空
(1)Please ________________ the radio to listen to news and the weather forecast.
(2)Be sure to ________________ the light when you leave the office.
【答案】(1)switch on (2)switch off
(3)We’d better take the train into the city centre，then a bus，____________ the tram(有轨电车)，then maybe a taxi.
(4)This play is too boring.Will you please ________________ to CCTV 5 to watch the live football match
【答案】(3)switching to (4)switch over
3．cut down削减，砍倒
(P110)I think we should cut down the use of unrecyclable plastic to protect our planet.
【翻译】我认为我们应该减少使用不可回收塑料来保护我们的地球。
(1)cut down砍倒
(2)cut down还可以表示“减少”，其后面也可以直接接宾语。
cut...down (to...) 减少……(至……)
cut down on...减少(在某个方面的开支)
【语言提升】
(3)cut构成的其他短语：
cut up切碎
cut off切断
cut in插话；插入
cut out切掉；删去；关掉
Desertification is also formed because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
人们伐树掘草也会造成荒漠化。
Cut down on fatty foods if you want to lose weight.
你如果想减肥，就得少吃高脂肪食物。
【针对练习】
用cut的相关短语填空
(1)Experts think the amount of homework for the students should be ________.
(2)The water supply has been ________ temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
(3)It is impolite to ________ when other people are talking.
(4)I have been advised to ________ the poem from my article.
【答案】(1)cut down (2)cut off (3)cut in (4)cut out
◇句式解读
1．(P109—110) It was by Professor Linda Wei，the environmental expert，wasn’t it
【翻译】那是环境专家琳达·魏教授写的，不是吗？
【句式解读】
本句是一个附加疑问句，由陈述部分“It was by Professor Linda Wei，the environmental expert”和附加疑问部分“wasn’t it”构成。
【句式提升】
附加疑问句由陈述部分和附加疑问部分组成。其中附加疑问部分用于表示反问、疑问或强调等。附加疑问句的基本用法如下：
(1)附加疑问句的构成：“肯定的陈述部分＋否定的附加疑问部分”或“否定的陈述部分＋肯定的附加疑问部分”。
(2)附加疑问部分的主语：一般用与前面陈述部分的主语一致的人称代词
(3)回答：对“否定的陈述部分＋肯定的附加疑问部分”的肯定回答仍然用yes，否定回答用no，但是yes译为“不”，no译为“是的”。
【归纳拓展】
附加疑问句的其他常见情况：
(1)当陈述部分的主语是everybody，everyone，someone，nobody，somebody等时，附加疑问部分的主语通常用they。
Everyone knows the answer，don’t they
每个人都知道答案，不是吗？
(2)陈述部分为含有定语从句或主语从句的主从复合句时，附加疑问部分的主语和谓语一般和主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
He is not the man who gave us a report，is he
他不是给我们做报告的那个人，是吗？
(3)当陈述部分为there be结构时，附加疑问部分仍由there和be来构成。
There’s no water，is there 没有水了，是吗？
(4)当陈述部分中有seldom，hardly，never，few，nothing，little等表示否定意义的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
You have nothing against it，have you
你没有什么反对的，对吗？
(5)当陈述部分是 “I/We＋think/believe/suppose/expect...＋宾语从句”时，附加疑问部分的主语和谓语往往和从句的主语和谓语保持一致，但要注意否定转移。
I don’t think he is a suitable man for the job，is he
我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选，不是吗？
(6)“祈使句＋附加疑问部分”型附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you。
Don’t close the door，will you
别关门，好吗？
(7)以Let’s开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we；以Let us开头的陈述句，附加疑问部分用will you。
Let’s meet at the school gate，shall we
我们校门口见，好吗？
【针对练习】
补全下面的反意疑问句
(1)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent(无辜的)，____________？
(2)He hardly gets up late，____________？
(3)Everyone is here，__________？
【答案】(1)is there (2)does he (3)aren’t they
(4)Let us do it now，______________？
(5)—Mike seldom has breakfast at home，________？
—No，but he did this morning.
(6)I don’t think Michael has finished the report，_________？
【答案】(4)will you (5)does he (6)has he
2．(P110)...there will be no rhinos left in the world in 20 years.
【翻译】二十年后，世界上将没有犀牛了。
【句式解读】
本句中的left是leave的动词的-ed形式，意为“剩下”。它在此作定语，修饰前面的名词rhinos。
【句式提升】
(1)动词的-ed形式作定语分为前置和后置两种情况：
①前置定语：单个的动词的-ed形式作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，但有些单个的动词的-ed形式习惯上放在所修饰词语的后面，如left。
②后置定语：动词的-ed形式短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This is one of our required subjects.这是我们的必修课之一。
(2)动词的-ed形式作定语常用来修饰名词或代词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。动词的-ed形式表示被动、完成(不及物动词的动词的-ed形式只表示完成)。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A survey _________(make)at the end of last month suggests that 80% of the students in our school will study science in the future.
【答案】(1)made
(2)Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time he __________(spend) with his students.
(3)The producer comes regularly to collect cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
【答案】(2)spent (3)returned
翻译句子
(4)我上周从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
____________________________________________
【答案】(4)I borrowed a book (which/that was) written by Mark Twain from the library last week.
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The next __________(一项) on the agenda is the publicity budget.
2．Coal ____________(采矿业) has always been a dangerous occupation.
3．I looked inside his ________(塑料制的) bag and saw some carrots with soil.
【答案】1.item 2.mining 3.plastic
4．We’re in the process of ___________(转换) over to a new system of invoicing.
5．These books，while they seem like ________(有教育意义的)，are not necessarily truthful.
6．A big jump in energy ________(保护) could be achieved without much disruption of anyone’s standard of living.
【答案】4．switching 5.informative 6.conservation
7．They leave business cards informing them what they can and can’t ______(回收利用)，and let them know how their efforts work.
8．One winter day while he was ________(猎取)，he saw the tracks of animals in the snow.
【答案】7．recycle 8.hunting
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ______________(hunt) agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow.
2．__________(urge) measures have been taken to prevent car emission.
3．They were charged with bringing goods into the country ________(illegal).
【答案】1.hunter 2.Urgent 3.illegally
4．Some experts appealed to people to rescue many species from ________(extinct).
5．Some of the greatest problems we face today are the serious ________(destroy) of our environment.
6．But the rising sea level and the carbon pollution causing warming oceans are ________(threat) their existence.
【答案】4．extinction 5.destruction 6.threatening
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I ____________________ him the secret.
我渴望去告诉他这个秘密。
2．I was very lucky __________________ so cheap.
我很幸运，能以这么便宜的价格买到这本书。
【答案】1.have an urge to tell
2．to get the book
3．I hope I can get a good mark and that_______________.
我希望我能取得一个好成绩，然后我能上大学。
4．The way ________________ is vitally important.
抚养子女选用何种方式是极其重要的。
【答案】3.I can go to college
4.we choose to bring up children
