2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】
专题27阅读理解七选五段尾句类讲义（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版
【近年高考考情】
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特征 字数
2023 新高考I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 变得有耐心的方法 1 3 1 完整句 252+51
全国乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内绿植及其好处 0 4 1 有残缺句 282+69
2022 新高考I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 不同文化用餐礼仪 1 3 1 有残缺句 230+87
全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 维持异地友谊办法 3 1 1 有残缺句 248+76
2021 新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 服装交换派对建议 1 4 0 有残缺句 261+49
全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 宴会上如何变得有趣 2 2 1 有残缺句 255+81
2020 新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
全国I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我接纳小技巧 1 3 1 完整句 252+41
全国II卷 说明文 人与社会 表情符号与职场交流 1 3 1 有残缺句 225+77
全国III卷 说明文 人与社会 乔迁聚会相关知识 2 2 1 完整句 248+86
【实用解题妙招】
阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
题型一首段段尾过渡句型
考例1 (2023 新高考II卷) 36题
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes….
…
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第一段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
过渡句典型句式Here are….。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
考例2 (2018 浙江6月卷) 36题
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 36
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第一段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
本空承上启下。根据前一句"The easiest way to...a good neighbor should", 同时结合下文几段的具体做法可知，G项"这里是几个能帮你快速在社区中获得大家的友谊的窍门"能很好地起到过渡作用。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
过渡句典型句式Here are….。根据前一句"The easiest way to...a good neighbor should", 同时结合下文几段的具体做法可知，G项"这里是几个能帮你快速在社区中获得大家的友谊的窍门"能很好地起到过渡作用，所以选G项。
题型二 段尾细节句型
考例3 (2023 全国甲卷) 36题
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
…
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第一段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注文章标题和上一句。
本文本题是Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person，教会做一个有耐心人的办法。根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，另外代词指代也是暗示。They指代traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start。故选G。
考例4 (2022 新高考I卷) 39题
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: …
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person….
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response….
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
39题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第五段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注第二段过渡句和上一句。
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
本题选项中such是题眼，是解题突破口，指代前面提到的想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码等信息。所以选择项G “Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
题型三 段尾总结句型
考例5 (2022 新高考I卷) 39题
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第二段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注段落标题和上一句。
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
小标题+同义复现。上一句讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。同义转换Set a regular date= find a time that works for both of you and stick to it。故选D。
考例6 (2017 全国III卷)39题
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 A better plan for sleep can help. Here is how to make one.
37 Find the right motivation…
Rethink mornings. …
Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 .
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
39题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第四段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注段落标题和上一句。
根据本段中心句“Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.(周末保持你的睡眠/起床时间表)”可知，本段主要建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，上文“But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found(但最近的一项研究发现，周末的补偿实际上会让你在接下来的一周更加困倦。)”指出如果周末没有保持自己的作息时间，而是多睡觉，这实际上让自己下周更困倦，由此可知，此处强调我们应该要保持自己的作息时间，F项“Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.(不管是哪一天，都要坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间。)”符合，对上文做出总结。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
段首主题句+段尾总结句与之呼应。此处强调我们应该要保持自己的作息时间，F项“Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.(不管是哪一天，都要坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间。)”符合，对上文做出总结，故选F。
【高考真题再练】
Passage 1
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 自我接纳的四大策略 293 6 min 1 3 1
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 1 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
● 2 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 3 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 4
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 5 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are
A. Feeling upset again
B. Where do you start
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
1. B。根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境。
2. F。根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句。
3. D。根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D. Remember, you are only human.与上下文衔接最好。
4. C。根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好。
5. A。结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A. Feeling upset again (再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境。
Passage 2
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国IⅠ卷 说明文 表情符号带来交流优势 295 6 min 1 3 1
Emoji（表情符号）and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 1 . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 2 ,encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 3 .
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 4 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
5 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
1. D。根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。
2. A。根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。
3 G。根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。
4. B。根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。
5. F。根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。
Passage 3
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国IIⅠ卷 说明文 乔迁聚会礼物选取及安排 334 6.5 min 2 2 1
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 1 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
2 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
3 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 4
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 5 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
文章大意：本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
1. E。上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的。
2. B。下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项概括了本段内容，引出下文。
3. C。本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。
4. A。本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项表达了此意，与上文衔接。
5. G。上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项符合语境。
Passage 4
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020新高考山东卷 说明文 成为优秀演讲者的策略 333 6.5 min 1 3 1
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 2 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 3
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
5 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
文章大意：本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
1. G。本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。
2. A。下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。
3. 选C。本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。
4. B。本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。
5. D。下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。
Passage 5
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020北京卷 说明文 积极思维能带来身心健康 390 7.5 min 1 2 2
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
2 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文，说明积极思考对人产生的各种益处，是应对苦难时期和提高个人生活质量的有效工具。
1. B。设空处前一句对自我对话进行了解释，空后一意为“同时，积极思考能有助于阻止消极的自我对话并开始形成对于问题的积极看法”;结合上下文语境及B项中的 Negative self-talk与空后一句中的 negative self-talks相呼应可知，B项符合语境，故选B项。
2. D。设空处位于段首，属于段落主旨向。通读全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了积极思考的人和悲观主义者各自的特征，介绍了积极思考的益处。结合选项内容可知，D项正好谈到了积极思考对身心具有许多益处，适合作本段主向，故选D项。
3. C。设空处位于段中，分析设空处前后句句可知，设空处为细节支撑句。空前讲到积极思考的作用，空后举例继续说明其作用，根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处与空前一句所表达的意思应该是一致的，且选项C中的＂It”起到了提示作用，指代前面提到的 Positive thinking”，故选C项。
4. G。设空处前一句讲到，相反，悲观主义者往往把问题看作额外压力的来源。分析各选项特点，F项和G项都出现了代词 “They”，刚好与上文的 “Pessimists”对应。再比较二者意可知，G项符合语境，故选G项。
5. A。设空处前一句讲到，积极思考与无知的乐观没有关系，这是对积极思考作进一步的解释及总结。根据上下文语境并结合各选项意思可知，A项符合语境，且A项中的 “It doesn’t”与上文中的“It doesn’t”遥相呼应，故选A。
Passage 6
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020浙江6月卷 说明文 颜色在家庭装饰中的作用 326 6.5 min 1 3 1
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 1 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 2 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 3
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 4 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
5 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
1. G。设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。
2. D。根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。
3. A。根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。。
4. F。根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。
5. E。根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。
Passage 7
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020浙江1月卷 说明文 全球洁净饮用水来之不易 365 7 min 2 3 0
Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
1 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 2 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 3 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
4 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. 5 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要说明在很多国家，洁净的饮用水来之不易。
1. A。此空作为段首句，起承上启下的作用。第一段讲了人和水的直接关系，第二段讲的是水在生活中的用途，是人和水之间的间接关系。故选A。
2. E。根据空前提到的“并不是全世界很多人都能喝到干净的水”，空后一句提到的“这大概是世界十分之一的人口”，可知，前面一句应该涉及人口数量，故选E。
3. D。空前一句提到“在一些国家，孩子们要步行很远才能取到水”和空后“因此，他们没有时间学习读书写字，不能接受教育”，可知此空承上启下，说明孩子们不能上学的原因是每天要花很多时间去取水。
4. F。由空后的this day可知选F。
5. G。空前提到“在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子们带着6升水步行6公里”，可知这是在效仿取水困难地区的孩子们，人们以这种方式让孩子们体会去很远的地方取水的艰难，让孩子们知道洁净水的珍贵。
【名校好题强化】
【01】（2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考期中）
Living with self-doubt can be very challenging. It limits potential and breaks morale. Here are some strategies that you can use to overcome self-doubt.
● Self-compassion (自我同情) is the key.
We often doubt ourselves when we have the fear of losing, but that is a grave mistake we make. Everyone will make mistakes at some part in their lives, but we have to grow from those mistakes and transform them into a lesson.
Start your day with some positivity, look at yourself in the mirror, and make some positive affirmations (肯定). 1
● Reflect back to your past achievements.
2 Self-reflection is one of the best tools to eliminate self-doubt. It makes you remember that you once achieved something great, and it makes you believe that you can achieve that level of success again through concentrated efforts. Learn from your mistakes and move on, and you are meant for great things!
● 3
“You are known by the company you keep”, is one of the best sayings to explain this strategy. We should be surrounded by people that support and love us, not people that constantly make us doubt ourselves. Good people will help you recover from negative and stressful situations.
●Seek professional help if necessary.
4 This is the time when we should seek professional help. Talk about your feelings often, and let all the negative emotions out, which will make you feel a lot better.
● Start journaling events.
In life, there will come many events that we are thankful for, especially our achievements. 5 This journaling of events will be really helpful when you are doubting yourself.
A．Develop new friendships.
B．This will make your day better!
C．They won’t encourage you to be better.
D．Always be in the company of supportive people.
E．It is better to start keeping track or record of them.
F．Sometimes the situation can become too much to handle.
G．Do you remember the time when you achieved something remarikable
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．D 4．F 5．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了克服自我怀疑的策略。
1．上文“Start your day with some positivity, look at yourself in the mirror, and make some positive affirmations (肯定).(以积极的态度开始你的一天，看着镜子里的自己，做出一些积极的肯定)”提到以积极的态度开始你的一天，B项“这会让你的一天更美好”说明上述做法的好处，故选B。
2．根据本段小标题“Reflect back to your past achievements.(回顾你过去的成就)”以及空后一句“Self-reflection is one of the best tools to eliminate self-doubt.(自我反思是消除自我怀疑的最佳工具之一)”可知，本段是关于回顾过去的成就，G项“你还记得你取得非凡成就的时候吗？”符合语境，故选G。
3．空处为本段小标题，根据本段中“We should be surrounded by people that support and love us, not people that constantly make us doubt ourselves.(我们应该和支持我们、爱我们的人在一起，而不是那些不断让我们怀疑自己的人)”可知，本段是说我们要和积极的人在一起，D项“永远和支持你的人在一起”符合主题，故选D。
4．根据空后“This is the time when we should seek professional help.(这是我们应该寻求专业帮助的时候)”可知，空处是描述需要帮助的情况，F项“有时情况会变得难以处理”符合语境，故选F。
5．根据本段主题句“Start journaling events.(开始记录事件)”可知，本段是说记录下生活中的事情，结合上文“In life, there will come many events that we are thankful for, especially our achievements.(在生活中，我们会遇到许多值得感激的事情，尤其是我们取得的成就)”可知，空处应是承接上文，讲述把值得感激的事情记录下来，E项“最好开始跟踪或记录它们”符合语境，E项中的“them”指代上文的“events”，故选E。
【02】（2023上·陕西西安·高三长安一中校考期中）
One of the primary goals of cognitive behavioral therapy (疗法) is finding effective ways to channel your anxiety into productive action. The best possible one is under the care of an experienced mental health care provider. Still, if you are hoping to stop being paralyzed (麻痹) by anxiety and use this energy to fuel and improve your life, you can. 6
Set a goal. Goal-setting is one way to use your anxiety as fuel. Take notice of your anxious thoughts and worries. What are you most concerned about 7 Instead of shaking in your boots, get to work developing a plan that allows you to overcome these fears.
Challenge yourself regularly to build resilience. Think of your resilience to anxiety as a muscle. 8 Rather than avoiding those situations that cause anxiety, gradually expose yourself to them more often. When you do this, you will find that, over time, they lose their power. For instance, if you hate public speaking, you might benefit from signing up for a local Toastmasters club. Doing so will allow you to practice speaking in front of a group more often, which will reduce your anxiety.
9 Anxiety can feel like a live wire in your body. You can’t sit still or focus. Exercise is a great activity to make use of this spare energy. Exercise offers a host of benefits like fighting off illness and helping you manage weight. One of the benefits most helpful to you, however, is its ability to neutralize anxiety and improve your mood.
Perform reality testing. You don’t have to become a slave to your anxious thoughts, giving them permission to get you all worked up. 10 Reality testing involves assessing a situation for errors in thinking. To assess the reality of this situation, you want to ask what evidence is there that says this is true. Did your friends actually call you lame Are they avoiding you
A．Put them to the test instead.
B．What are your biggest fears
C．Burn off nervous energy with physical activity.
D．When you find yourself becoming anxious, check your thought patterns
E．Just transform anxiety into action by using positive strategies.
F．How can you deal with getting fired if it does happen
G．The more you use the muscle, the stronger it becomes.
【答案】6．E 7．B 8．G 9．C 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章旨在教育读者如何将焦虑转化为行动，从而改善生活质量和增强心理韧性。
6．根据上文“finding effective ways to channel your anxiety into productive action(找到有效的方法将你的焦虑转化为富有成效的行动。)”可知，此处上下文说的是找到方法将焦虑转化为行动，与E项“Just transform anxiety into action by using positive strategies(使用积极的策略将焦虑转化为行动)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。
7．根据上文“Take notice of your anxious thoughts and worries.( 注意你焦虑的想法和担忧。)”以及下文“Instead of shaking in your boots, get to work developing a plan that allows you to overcome these fears.(与其坐立不安，不如着手制定一个计划，让你克服这些恐惧。)”可推理出，空白处表示的是要找到你最害怕的东西，与B项“What are your biggest fears (你最害怕的是什么？)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
8．根据上文“Think of your resilience to anxiety as a muscle.(把你对焦虑的抵抗力想象成一块肌肉。)”以及下文“When you do this, you will find that, over time, they lose their power.(当你这样做的时候，你会发现，随着时间的推移，它们会失去力量。)”可知，此处上下文说的是把对焦虑的抵抗力想象成肌肉，在不断的锻炼中让焦虑失去力量，使你对焦虑的抵抗力越来越强，分析选项，G项“The more you use the muscle, the stronger it becomes.(你把肌肉用得越多，它就越强壮)”表达的含义符合语境，故选G项。
9．根据下文“Exercise is a great activity to make use of this spare energy.(锻炼是一项利用这些多余能量的好活动)”可知此处上下文说的是通过锻炼消耗多余的能量，与C项“Burn off nervous energy with physical activity(通过体育活动消耗神经能量)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
10．根据上文“You don’t have to become a slave to your anxious thoughts(你不必成为焦虑思想的奴隶)”以及下文“Reality testing involves assessing a situation for errors in thinking(现实测试包括评估一种情况下的思维错误)”可知，此处上下文说的是不要受制于焦虑，而是将它转化为对现实情况进行测试，与A项“Put them to the test instead(改为对它们进行测试)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【03】（2023上·广东揭阳·高三校考阶段练习）
Strategies to Break Your Procrastination (拖延症) Habit
Do you often have thoughts like “ 11 ” or “That’s so far away; I don’t have to worry about it yet” If you find yourself procrastinating regularly, you’re probably stuck in a habit of procrastination. Try the following methods to break it.
12
Understanding the underlying emotions causing your procrastination is the first step to changing your habit. So take a moment to dive deep into your own thoughts about your work. Are you procrastinating because you hate doing it Or do you want to do well so badly that you’re afraid to start
Forgive your past self
The next step is to let go of the anxiety and stress you may have built up from past procrastination. Sometimes, we store a lot of guilt due to missed deadlines or bad test scores. 13 . So, forgive yourself for past procrastination and let go of old mistakes.
Stop your habit in its tracks
If you recognize that you’re procrastinating again, take a deep breath, reevaluate your situation, and put yourself back on the right track. And as soon as you’ve noticed this procrastination, use that moment to work on whatever it is you need to do right away. 14 .
Take baby steps
Taking the first step to work on a project is almost always the most difficult part. 15 . After taking the first step, you’ll probably build up enough energy to take the next, and the next. Continue splitting up (分解) your goal, project, or task into its smallest parts so you only have to think of one thing at a time.
A．Recognize why you procrastinate
B．Analyze what takes your attention away
C．Oh, it’ll be fine if I save this for tomorrow
D．Take action immediately to stop the habit cycle
E．But once you get going, it’s much easier to keep going
F．You have to start with one small thing — not the whole thing
G．These guilty feelings crowd our heads and make focusing difficult
【答案】11．C 12．A 13．G 14．D 15．E
【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打破拖延习惯的几个策略。
11．根据空格前的部分“Do you often have thoughts like（你经常有这样的想法吗）”以及下文“That’s so far away; I don’t have to worry about it yet (那太远了，我还不必担心)”可知，空格处的句子说的是拖延的想法，因此C项“哦，我把这个留到明天就好了”符合语境，故选C。
12．下文“Understanding the underlying emotions causing your procrastination is the first step to changing your habit (了解导致你拖延的情绪潜在的原因是改变你习惯的第一步)”说明的是要找到造成拖延的原因，因此A项“认识到你拖延的原因” 可以作为本段的主题，故选A。
13．上文“Sometimes, we store a lot of guilt due to missed deadlines or bad test scores (有时，我们会因为错过最后期限或糟糕的考试成绩而感到内疚)”说明的是感到内疚的话题，因此G项“这些内疚感充斥着我们的头脑，使我们难以集中注意力”符合语境，故选G。
14．上文“And as soon as you’ve noticed this procrastination, use that moment to work on whatever it is you need to do right away (一旦你注意到这种拖延，就利用这一刻来做你需要做的事情)”说的是注意到自己拖延时应该怎么做，因此D项“立即采取行动，停止这种习惯循环”承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
15．上文“Taking the first step to work on a project is almost always the most difficult part (在一个项目上迈出第一步几乎总是最困难的部分)”以及下文“After taking the first step, you’ll probably build up enough energy to take the next, and the next (迈出第一步后，你可能会积累足够的能量来迈出下一步，下一步)”说明的是迈出第一步几乎总是最困难部分的话题，因此E项“但一旦你开始行动，就更容易坚持下去” 呼应上下文，故选E。
【04】（2023·全国·模拟预测）
Everyone wants to keep their kitchen clean and have a healthy pantry(食品储藏室)that offers healthy food options year-round. You already do so much for your family’s health. 16
You can smarten up your storage. Whenever possible, you can store pepper, grains, and other pantry foods in glass containers. 17 Plastic food storage containers are a good second best, though plastics are always less desirable from an environmental angle.
It’s time to sharpen your knife skills. Grocery stores offer pre-cut vegetables, which is a wonderful innovation for the short-on-time among us. But if you are able, buying a whole vegetable will save you some money-and your produce will last longer if you don’t cook it immediately.
18 Some foods, like tomatoes, should never be refrigerated, while others, like cucumbers, stay fresh longer if they’re stored in cold conditions. Knowing where each food is happy will help you use your cooling equipment to maximum benefit.
Clean up your cleaning products. Most kitchen cleaning work can be handled without products that have powerful but damaging chemicals which come in plastic containers and put eco-unfriendly substances into the air and near your food. 19 You can use baking soda(小苏打)to clean counters, sinks, and stovetops. Lemon juice, essential oils, and even large pieces of sea salt for cleaning can also help with your cleaning routine.
Share with your local food pantry. A quick online search or phone call can put you in touch with your local food pantry. Learn what they need most and seek out items in your pantry that are not yet past their best-before date or that you aren’t likely to use in the near future. 20 Both sides will get a benefit.
A．You should manage storage temperatures.
B．Then how can you keep just what you need
C．Extend your foods’ shelf life as long as you can.
D．Seek out some simple and mild solution “recipes”.
E．You’ll be reducing your waste and feeding your neighbors at one go.
F．The see-through material will show you when things are running low
G．But could you also pay some attention to keeping an eco-friendly pantry
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．A 19．D 20．E
【导语】本文是说明文。本文就环保食品储藏室问题给出应对策略，倡导健康、环保的生活方式。
16．由上文“Everyone wants to keep their kitchen clean and have a healthy pantry (食品储藏室) that offers healthy food options year-round. (每个人都想保持厨房清洁，有一个健康的食品储藏室，全年提供健康的食品选择。)”可知，下面要说跟“食品储藏室”有关的话题。G项“But could you also pay some attention to keeping an eco-friendly pantry (但你能不能也注意保持一个环保的食品储藏室？)”能承接上文，符合题意。且与上文中的“You already do so much for your family’s health (你已经为家人的健康付出了这么多。)”形成转折关系，且其中的“keeping an eco-friendly pantry”能引出下文的几种做法。故选G。
17．根据段落主旨句“You can smarten up your storage (你可以把你的储物柜变得更聪明。)”和空前的“you can store pepper, grains, and other pantry foods in glass containers. (你可以用玻璃容器储存胡椒、谷物和其他食品。)”可知，本段介绍的是关于食物储存的建议，并提到尽可能使用玻璃容器，因此空处应与玻璃容器有关。故F项“The see-through material will show you when things are running low (透明材料会在电量不足时向您显示)”能承接上文，符合题意。F项中的“The see-through material”指的正是前面提到的玻璃容器。故选F。
18．空处是段落主旨句。通读本段落“Some foods, like tomatoes, should never be refrigerated, while others, like cucumbers, stay fresh longer if they’re stored in cold conditions. Knowing where each food is happy will help you use your cooling equipment to maximum benefit. (有些食物，如西红柿，不应该冷藏，而其他食物，如黄瓜，如果储存在寒冷的条件下，可以保持新鲜更长时间。了解每一种食物在什么地方最好吃，可以帮助你最大限度地利用冷却设备。)”可知，本段讲述了保存食物的温度。A项“You should manage storage temperatures. (你应该控制储存温度)”可以概括本段主旨。故选A。
19．由上文“Clean up your cleaning products. Most kitchen cleaning work can be handled without products that have powerful but damaging chemicals which come in plastic containers and put eco-unfriendly substances into the air and near your food. (清理你的清洁产品。大多数厨房清洁工作都可以不使用含有强力但具有破坏性的化学物质的产品，这些化学物质装在塑料容器中，会把对环境不友好的物质释放到空气中和食物附近。)”可知，下面要说跟“如何选择清洁产品”有关的话题。故D项“Seek out some simple and mild solution “recipes”. (找出一些简单温和的解决方案“诀窍”。)”能承接上文，符合题意。空后“You can use baking soda(小苏打)to clean counters, sinks, and stovetops. Lemon juice, essential oils, and even large pieces of sea salt for cleaning can also help with your cleaning routine. (你可以用小苏打来清洁柜台、水槽和灶台。柠檬汁，精油，甚至大块的海盐也可以帮助你清洁。)”说明可以使用什么。D项中的“simple and mild”与上文中的“powerful but damaging”形成对比，且“recipes”呼应下文列举的清洁方法。故选D。
20．由上文“Share with your local food pantry. A quick online search or phone call can put you in touch with your local food pantry. Learn what they need most and seek out items in your pantry that are not yet past their best-before date or that you aren’t likely to use in the near future. (与当地的食品储藏室分享。快速上网搜索或打个电话就可以联系到当地的食品储藏室。了解他们最需要的是什么，并在你的食品储藏室里找出那些尚未超过最佳食用日期或近期不太可能使用的食品。)”可知，空处应与空前环保所带来的的好处有关，故选E项“You’ll be reducing your waste and feeding your neighbors at one go.(你在减少浪费的同时又可以给邻居提供食物)”能承接上文，符合题意。且空后的“Both sides (双方)”指的就是E项中的“You”和“your neighbors”。故选E。
【05】（2023上·甘肃·高三校考阶段练习）
By making positive (积极的) changes in your life you can become better. However, it may be difficult sometimes to figure out how to do it. 21
22
Recognize what areas you are lacking. For this you can ask a trusted friend or family member for help. Being unaware (不知道) of your weaknesses makes it hard for you to improve. The successful people know where they aren’t strong and they use their strengths to make up for it.
Quit a bad habit.
Quitting a bad habit is good for you. 23 . If you aren’t ready to quit your bad habits right away, start out with small steps. Find a trusted friend that can give you encouragement if you’re struggling.
Break up with negative (消极的) thinking.
24 . This can have a bad influence on your life. Negative thinking really makes you down mentally and physically. Trying to think more positively helps you reduce stress and requires you to stop making excuses.
Treat others with kindness.
Showing other people that you care for them is a great way to be a better person. 25 .Something just like buying a coffee for your classmates can make a huge positive impact on their and your day.
A．Here are some quick and easy ways to help you become a better person. However, it may be difficult sometimes to figure out how to do it.
B．Take care of yourself.
C．Negative friends often complain about things.
D．Do you always see the negative side of things
E．It not only makes you a better person, but it makes you more confident.
F．Know your weaknesses.
G．Small acts of kindness will make other people feel better and lift your spirits as
【答案】21．A 22．F 23．E 24．D 25．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就在生活中如何做出积极的改变，使自己成为一个更完美的人提供了一些快速简单的方法。
21．根据上文“By making positive (积极的) changes in your life you can become better. However, it may be difficult sometimes to figure out how to do it.(通过在生活中做出积极的改变，你可以变得更好。然而，有时可能很难弄清楚如何做到这一点)”以及下文文章就在生活中如何做出积极的改变，使自己成为一个更完美的人提供了一些快速简单的方法。故A选项“这里有一些快速简单的方法可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。然而，有时可能很难弄清楚如何做到这一点。”符合语境，故选A。
22．根据下文“Recognize what areas you are lacking. Being unaware of your weaknesses makes it hard for you to improve.(认识到你缺少哪些方面。不知道自己的弱点会让你很难进步)”可知，认识到你缺少什么。不知道自己的弱点会让你很难提高。所以本段在说明要了解你的缺点。本句为本段的标题。故F选项“了解你的缺点”符合句意。故选F。
23．根据上文“Quitting a bad habit is good for you.(戒掉一个坏习惯对你有好处)”可知，改掉坏习惯对你有好处。故本句要接着说改掉坏习惯的好处。故E选项“它不仅让你成为一个完美的人，而且让你更自信”符合题意。故选E。
24．根据下文“This can have a bad influence on your life.(这会对你的生活产生不好的影响)”可知，这会对你的生活产生不好的影响。可推测本句以设问句的形式来引起对“你总是看到事物消极的一面吗”的注意和思考。然后接着说它对生活的不好影响。故D选项“你总是看到事物消极的一面吗？”符合题意。故选D。
25．根据上文“Showing other people that you care for them is a great way to be a better person.(向别人表明你关心他们是成为一个更好的人的好方法)”可知，向别人展示你对他们的关心是成为一个更完美的人的好方法。所以判断出本句要接说明善意的行为对别人和自身所起的积极作用。故G选项“小小的善举会让别人感觉更好，也会让你精神振奋”符合题意。故选G。
【06】（2023上·江西·高三鹰潭一中校联考期中）
There are plenty of ways to have a lot of fun, relax, and do some good when you have time off and you can pay attention to things in and around your home. Having a little extra time can help you to make things better — not just for the immediate term but for the long term, too. 26
Assess and review your home and garden. Having a vacation from work can be a good time to take a good look at where you live and assess what about the situation works well for you. Reviewing and properly looking at your home and garden can help you relax and appreciate what you already have. 27 Gaining some clarity on your situation can actually give you some peace of mind.
Get to know your neighbors and neighborhood. 28 A little leisure time at home can give us the breathing space to look more closely and perhaps build new connections with either humans or other creatures — as in wildlife with whom we live together. 29 For example, kick off planning for a community garden, or organize a garden harvest exchange.
30 You can have much fun learning new things about gardening or food production, cooking and preservation. You might also consider improving your skills in plant identification, wildlife recognition, etc. These ideas may inspire you to stay at home and use the time to set yourself up for a more sustainable future. You might be surprised by how refreshing it can be.
A．Learn new sustainability skills.
B．Make small, affordable changes for big results.
C．Sustainability skills are always of great significance.
D．You can even put on some neighborhood events or projects.
E．Often, we get into the habit of passing things by without really looking.
F．Here are some suggestions for sustainable ways to use vacation time at home.
G．It can also help you see where things could potentially be changed for the better.
【答案】26．F 27．G 28．E 29．D 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，放假期间，很多人都想外出度假，其实在家度假也有很多好处，本文介绍了一些如何在家里及周围利用好假期的建议。
26．上文“Having a little extra time can help you to make things better — not just for the immediate term but for the long term, too.(有一点额外的时间可以帮助你把事情做得更好——不仅是在短期内，而且从长远来看也是如此)”提到，有一点额外的时间在家和周围可以把事情做得更好，根据下面三段的内容可知，下文是介绍在家里及周围利用好假期的建议，故该空承上启下，F项“下面是对在家利用好假期可持续性办法的一些建议”符合语境，故选F。
27．根据空前“Reviewing and properly looking at your home and garden can help you relax and appreciate what you already have.(审视和正确地看待你的家和花园可以帮助你放松和欣赏你已经拥有的东西)”可知，此处是讲述审视并正确地看待家里合格花园的好处，G项“它也可以帮助你看到需要改进的地方”承接上文，进一步说明好处，故选G。
28．根据空后“A little leisure time at home can give us the breathing space to look more closely(在家的一点闲暇时间可以给我们喘息的空间，让我们更仔细地观察)”可知，闲暇时间可以给我们喘息的空间，让我们更仔细地观察，说明我们平时没有时间观察，E项“通常，我们养成了路过但不会真正去看的习惯”符合语境，故选E。
29．根据空后“For example, kick off planning for a community garden, or organize a garden harvest exchange.(例如，开始规划一个社区花园，或者组织一个花园收获交换)”可知，此处是说举办一些社区活动，D项“你甚至可以参加一些社区活动或项目”符合语境，故选D。
30．根据下文“You can have much fun learning new things about gardening or food production, cooking and preservation. You might also consider improving your skills in plant identification, wildlife recognition, etc.(可以从学习园艺或食物生产、烹饪和保存方面的新知识中获得很多乐趣。你也可以考虑提高你在植物识别、野生动物识别等方面的技能)”可知，本段是说学习一些新的技能，A项“学习新的可持续发展技能”符合语境，故选A。
【07】（2023上·湖南常德·高三汉寿县第一中学校考阶段练习）
Why Cooking Meals at Home Benefits More Than Just Your Wallet
When hunger strikes, the convenience of entering a fast-food restaurant or ordering takeout can be terribly attractive. 31 However, when it becomes a routine, your waistline, your wallet and your health can be badly affected. Here are four reasons to make cooking at home your option.
· It’s cheaper.
You could spend $100 at a fancy restaurant for one dinner, while the same amount of money could buy you groceries for a week. When you shop smart and get creative, you needn’t spend more than $1 on breakfast, $2 on lunch and $4 on dinner to purchase wholesome, healthy foods. Here’s how: 32
· It may reduce your exposure to certain chemicals.
The most surprising benefit of cooking at home can decrease the amount of harmful chemicals you’re exposed to. 33 Common in takeout and fast-food packaging, those chemicals have been associated with many diseases. Food packaging can also contain other damaging compounds (化合物).
·You can better estimate calories.
34 That is why people tend to consume extra calories when dining away from home. On the contrary, you have complete control over the food materials when you cook in your own kitchen. Choosing fiber-packed vegetables and meat containing less fat will help keep your calories under control. So will the way you cook your food. Rather than frying, choose roasting.
· 35
Many chefs use a lot of salt while cooking. While salt can make food tastier, too much of it is linked to serious health issues like heart disease and high blood pressure. At home, you can control the quantity of salt on your plate by seasoning food in other ways, like using lemon juice. The same goes for sugar. You can use smaller quantities of natural sweeteners like honey to add sweetness to your food. Too much added sugar is linked to some diseases as well.
A．You can reduce added salt and sugar.
B．Eating out can make calorie counting tricky.
C．Buy in large quantities and stick to store-brand items.
D．Salt and sugar are both essentials in cooking delicious foods.
E．Relying on food away from home occasionally is totally acceptable.
F．People are always too engaged in their work to cook at home personally.
G．People cooking at home have lower levels of dangerous chemicals in their bodies.
【答案】31．E 32．C 33．G 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在家做饭的好处。
31．根据空前内容“When hunger strikes, the convenience of entering a fast-food restaurant or ordering takeout can be terribly attractive.(当饥饿来袭时，进入快餐店或叫外卖的便利可能非常有吸引力。)”可知，饥饿的时候叫外卖非常有吸引力。而空后内容“However, when it becomes a routine, your waistline, your wallet and your health can be badly affected.(然而，当它成为一种习惯，你的腰围，你的钱包和你的健康可能会受到严重影响。)”则表明外卖对我们的钱包、身体都有影响。选项E“Relying on food away from home occasionally is totally acceptable.(偶尔在外面吃点东西是完全可以接受的。)”承上启下，承接上文的内容，指出偶尔出去吃是可以的；同时引出下文经常在外面吃饭并没有好处。故选E。
32．根据上文内容“When you shop smart and get creative, you needn’t spend more than $1 on breakfast, $2 on lunch and $4 on dinner to purchase wholesome, healthy foods.(当你聪明购物并且有创意时，你不需要在早餐上花超过1美元，在午餐上花2美元，在晚餐上花4美元来购买健康的食物。)”可知，上文提到的是其实不需要花很多钱在吃饭上。而空前内容“Here’s how(方法如下：)”则暗示，空处为具体操作方法。选项C“Buy in large quantities and stick to store-brand items.(大量购买，坚持购买商店品牌的商品。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是聪明购物。故选C。
33．根据上文内容“The most surprising benefit of cooking at home can decrease the amount of harmful chemicals you’re exposed to.(在家做饭最令人惊讶的好处是可以减少你接触的有害化学物质的数量。)”可知，在家做饭可以减少你接触的有害化学物质的数量。选项G“People cooking at home have lower levels of dangerous chemicals in their bodies.(在家做饭的人体内的危险化学物质含量较低。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是在家做饭可以减少接触有害化学物质。故选G。
34．根据空后内容“That is why people tend to consume extra calories when dining away from home.(这就是为什么人们在外出就餐时往往会摄入额外的卡路里。)”可知，空后指的是人们在外面就餐时摄入的卡路里较多。选项B“Eating out can make calorie counting tricky.(外出就餐会让计算卡路里变得棘手。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是在外面就餐摄入的卡路里较多。故选B。
35．空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Many chefs use a lot of salt while cooking. While salt can make food tastier, too much of it is linked to serious health issues like heart disease and high blood pressure. At home, you can control the quantity of salt on your plate by seasoning food in other ways, like using lemon juice. The same goes for sugar. You can use smaller quantities of natural sweeteners like honey to add sweetness to your food. Too much added sugar is linked to some diseases as well.(许多厨师在烹饪时使用大量的盐。虽然盐可以使食物更美味，但过多的盐会导致心脏病和高血压等严重的健康问题。在家里，你可以通过其他方式调味食物来控制盘子里的盐量，比如用柠檬汁。糖也是如此。你可以使用少量的天然甜味剂，比如蜂蜜来增加食物的甜味。过多的添加糖也与一些疾病有关。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是在家做饭可以减少盐和糖的使用。选项A“You can reduce added salt and sugar.(你可以减少添加的盐和糖。)”正是本段主要内容。故选A。
【08】（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
The world continues to struggle with extreme heatwaves, which are becoming even more regular thanks to climate change. 36 Researchers have found that by wearing appropriate clothes, it is possible to save considerable energy, both saving money and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. So what should you wear
When it comes to colour, most people wear white in summer, because white reflects the sun’s rays, rather than absorb the light. 37 When that heat from our bodies hits the white clothing, it is reflected back at us. A study of why Bedouins, who live in desert regions in the Arabian peninsula, Middle East and North Africa wear black robes (袍服) in the desert, found that heat exposure was the same whether they wore black or white robes.
How is that possible Black coloured fabrics absorb heat coming from the body, which plays a role in cooling your body down. 38 The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin, promoting an upward air current-like a chimney-and providing cooling relief. 39
In terms of material, it’s better to have fabrics that allow water vapour (蒸气) to pass through. Cotton absorbs moisture but it doesn’t dry quickly, so if you’re sweating a lot your clothes will stay wet. 40 Linen is widely worn as it has excellent breath ability due to its large fibres, but like cotton it is slow to dry. Merino wool has been a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts as it’s breathable.
Therefore, it turns out that picking an outfit to stay cool is more complex than simply throwing on a white T-shirt. But the right fabric and appropriate fit work.
A．It means cotton 2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】
专题27阅读理解七选五段尾句类讲义（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版
【近年高考考情】
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特征 字数
2023 新高考I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 变得有耐心的方法 1 3 1 完整句 252+51
全国乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内绿植及其好处 0 4 1 有残缺句 282+69
2022 新高考I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 不同文化用餐礼仪 1 3 1 有残缺句 230+87
全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 维持异地友谊办法 3 1 1 有残缺句 248+76
2021 新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 服装交换派对建议 1 4 0 有残缺句 261+49
全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 宴会上如何变得有趣 2 2 1 有残缺句 255+81
2020 新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
全国I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我接纳小技巧 1 3 1 完整句 252+41
全国II卷 说明文 人与社会 表情符号与职场交流 1 3 1 有残缺句 225+77
全国III卷 说明文 人与社会 乔迁聚会相关知识 2 2 1 完整句 248+86
【实用解题妙招】
阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
题型一首段段尾过渡句型
考例1 (2023 新高考II卷) 36题
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes….
…
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
考例2 (2018 浙江6月卷) 36题
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 36
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
题型二 段尾细节句型
考例3 (2023 全国甲卷) 36题
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
…
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
考例4 (2022 新高考I卷) 39题
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: …
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person….
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response….
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
题型三 段尾总结句型
考例5 (2022 新高考I卷) 39题
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
考例6 (2017 全国III卷)39题
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 A better plan for sleep can help. Here is how to make one.
37 Find the right motivation…
Rethink mornings. …
Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 .
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【高考真题再练】
Passage 1
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 自我接纳的四大策略 293 6 min 1 3 1
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 1 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
● 2 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 3 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 4
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 5 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are
A. Feeling upset again
B. Where do you start
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start
Passage 2
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国IⅠ卷 说明文 表情符号带来交流优势 295 6 min 1 3 1
Emoji（表情符号）and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 1 . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 2 ,encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 3 .
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 4 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
5 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
Passage 3
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020全国IIⅠ卷 说明文 乔迁聚会礼物选取及安排 334 6.5 min 2 2 1
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 1 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
2 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
3 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 4
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 5 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
Passage 4
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020新高考山东卷 说明文 成为优秀演讲者的策略 333 6.5 min 1 3 1
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 2 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 3
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
5 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
Passage 5
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020北京卷 说明文 积极思维能带来身心健康 390 7.5 min 1 2 2
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
2 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage 6
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020浙江6月卷 说明文 颜色在家庭装饰中的作用 326 6.5 min 1 3 1
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 1 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 2 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 3
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 4 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
5 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
Passage 7
年份 体裁 话题 全文词数 建议用时 段首 段中 段尾
2020浙江1月卷 说明文 全球洁净饮用水来之不易 365 7 min 2 3 0
Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
1 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 2 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 3 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
4 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. 5 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
【名校好题强化】
【01】（2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考期中）
Living with self-doubt can be very challenging. It limits potential and breaks morale. Here are some strategies that you can use to overcome self-doubt.
● Self-compassion (自我同情) is the key.
We often doubt ourselves when we have the fear of losing, but that is a grave mistake we make. Everyone will make mistakes at some part in their lives, but we have to grow from those mistakes and transform them into a lesson.
Start your day with some positivity, look at yourself in the mirror, and make some positive affirmations (肯定). 1
● Reflect back to your past achievements.
2 Self-reflection is one of the best tools to eliminate self-doubt. It makes you remember that you once achieved something great, and it makes you believe that you can achieve that level of success again through concentrated efforts. Learn from your mistakes and move on, and you are meant for great things!
● 3
“You are known by the company you keep”, is one of the best sayings to explain this strategy. We should be surrounded by people that support and love us, not people that constantly make us doubt ourselves. Good people will help you recover from negative and stressful situations.
●Seek professional help if necessary.
4 This is the time when we should seek professional help. Talk about your feelings often, and let all the negative emotions out, which will make you feel a lot better.
● Start journaling events.
In life, there will come many events that we are thankful for, especially our achievements. 5 This journaling of events will be really helpful when you are doubting yourself.
A．Develop new friendships.
B．This will make your day better!
C．They won’t encourage you to be better.
D．Always be in the company of supportive people.
E．It is better to start keeping track or record of them.
F．Sometimes the situation can become too much to handle.
G．Do you remember the time when you achieved something remarikable
【02】（2023上·陕西西安·高三长安一中校考期中）
One of the primary goals of cognitive behavioral therapy (疗法) is finding effective ways to channel your anxiety into productive action. The best possible one is under the care of an experienced mental health care provider. Still, if you are hoping to stop being paralyzed (麻痹) by anxiety and use this energy to fuel and improve your life, you can. 6
Set a goal. Goal-setting is one way to use your anxiety as fuel. Take notice of your anxious thoughts and worries. What are you most concerned about 7 Instead of shaking in your boots, get to work developing a plan that allows you to overcome these fears.
Challenge yourself regularly to build resilience. Think of your resilience to anxiety as a muscle. 8 Rather than avoiding those situations that cause anxiety, gradually expose yourself to them more often. When you do this, you will find that, over time, they lose their power. For instance, if you hate public speaking, you might benefit from signing up for a local Toastmasters club. Doing so will allow you to practice speaking in front of a group more often, which will reduce your anxiety.
9 Anxiety can feel like a live wire in your body. You can’t sit still or focus. Exercise is a great activity to make use of this spare energy. Exercise offers a host of benefits like fighting off illness and helping you manage weight. One of the benefits most helpful to you, however, is its ability to neutralize anxiety and improve your mood.
Perform reality testing. You don’t have to become a slave to your anxious thoughts, giving them permission to get you all worked up. 10 Reality testing involves assessing a situation for errors in thinking. To assess the reality of this situation, you want to ask what evidence is there that says this is true. Did your friends actually call you lame Are they avoiding you
A．Put them to the test instead.
B．What are your biggest fears
C．Burn off nervous energy with physical activity.
D．When you find yourself becoming anxious, check your thought patterns
E．Just transform anxiety into action by using positive strategies.
F．How can you deal with getting fired if it does happen
G．The more you use the muscle, the stronger it becomes.
【03】（2023上·广东揭阳·高三校考阶段练习）
Strategies to Break Your Procrastination (拖延症) Habit
Do you often have thoughts like “ 11 ” or “That’s so far away; I don’t have to worry about it yet” If you find yourself procrastinating regularly, you’re probably stuck in a habit of procrastination. Try the following methods to break it.
12
Understanding the underlying emotions causing your procrastination is the first step to changing your habit. So take a moment to dive deep into your own thoughts about your work. Are you procrastinating because you hate doing it Or do you want to do well so badly that you’re afraid to start
Forgive your past self
The next step is to let go of the anxiety and stress you may have built up from past procrastination. Sometimes, we store a lot of guilt due to missed deadlines or bad test scores. 13 . So, forgive yourself for past procrastination and let go of old mistakes.
Stop your habit in its tracks
If you recognize that you’re procrastinating again, take a deep breath, reevaluate your situation, and put yourself back on the right track. And as soon as you’ve noticed this procrastination, use that moment to work on whatever it is you need to do right away. 14 .
Take baby steps
Taking the first step to work on a project is almost always the most difficult part. 15 . After taking the first step, you’ll probably build up enough energy to take the next, and the next. Continue splitting up (分解) your goal, project, or task into its smallest parts so you only have to think of one thing at a time.
A．Recognize why you procrastinate
B．Analyze what takes your attention away
C．Oh, it’ll be fine if I save this for tomorrow
D．Take action immediately to stop the habit cycle
E．But once you get going, it’s much easier to keep going
F．You have to start with one small thing — not the whole thing
G．These guilty feelings crowd our heads and make focusing difficult
【04】（2023·全国·模拟预测）
Everyone wants to keep their kitchen clean and have a healthy pantry(食品储藏室)that offers healthy food options year-round. You already do so much for your family’s health. 16
You can smarten up your storage. Whenever possible, you can store pepper, grains, and other pantry foods in glass containers. 17 Plastic food storage containers are a good second best, though plastics are always less desirable from an environmental angle.
It’s time to sharpen your knife skills. Grocery stores offer pre-cut vegetables, which is a wonderful innovation for the short-on-time among us. But if you are able, buying a whole vegetable will save you some money-and your produce will last longer if you don’t cook it immediately.
18 Some foods, like tomatoes, should never be refrigerated, while others, like cucumbers, stay fresh longer if they’re stored in cold conditions. Knowing where each food is happy will help you use your cooling equipment to maximum benefit.
Clean up your cleaning products. Most kitchen cleaning work can be handled without products that have powerful but damaging chemicals which come in plastic containers and put eco-unfriendly substances into the air and near your food. 19 You can use baking soda(小苏打)to clean counters, sinks, and stovetops. Lemon juice, essential oils, and even large pieces of sea salt for cleaning can also help with your cleaning routine.
Share with your local food pantry. A quick online search or phone call can put you in touch with your local food pantry. Learn what they need most and seek out items in your pantry that are not yet past their best-before date or that you aren’t likely to use in the near future. 20 Both sides will get a benefit.
A．You should manage storage temperatures.
B．Then how can you keep just what you need
C．Extend your foods’ shelf life as long as you can.
D．Seek out some simple and mild solution “recipes”.
E．You’ll be reducing your waste and feeding your neighbors at one go.
F．The see-through material will show you when things are running low
G．But could you also pay some attention to keeping an eco-friendly pantry
【05】（2023上·甘肃·高三校考阶段练习）
By making positive (积极的) changes in your life you can become better. However, it may be difficult sometimes to figure out how to do it. 21
22
Recognize what areas you are lacking. For this you can ask a trusted friend or family member for help. Being unaware (不知道) of your weaknesses makes it hard for you to improve. The successful people know where they aren’t strong and they use their strengths to make up for it.
Quit a bad habit.
Quitting a bad habit is good for you. 23 . If you aren’t ready to quit your bad habits right away, start out with small steps. Find a trusted friend that can give you encouragement if you’re struggling.
Break up with negative (消极的) thinking.
24 . This can have a bad influence on your life. Negative thinking really makes you down mentally and physically. Trying to think more positively helps you reduce stress and requires you to stop making excuses.
Treat others with kindness.
Showing other people that you care for them is a great way to be a better person. 25 .Something just like buying a coffee for your classmates can make a huge positive impact on their and your day.
A．Here are some quick and easy ways to help you become a better person. However, it may be difficult sometimes to figure out how to do it.
B．Take care of yourself.
C．Negative friends often complain about things.
D．Do you always see the negative side of things
E．It not only makes you a better person, but it makes you more confident.
F．Know your weaknesses.
G．Small acts of kindness will make other people feel better and lift your spirits as
【06】（2023上·江西·高三鹰潭一中校联考期中）
There are plenty of ways to have a lot of fun, relax, and do some good when you have time off and you can pay attention to things in and around your home. Having a little extra time can help you to make things better — not just for the immediate term but for the long term, too. 26
Assess and review your home and garden. Having a vacation from work can be a good time to take a good look at where you live and assess what about the situation works well for you. Reviewing and properly looking at your home and garden can help you relax and appreciate what you already have. 27 Gaining some clarity on your situation can actually give you some peace of mind.
Get to know your neighbors and neighborhood. 28 A little leisure time at home can give us the breathing space to look more closely and perhaps build new connections with either humans or other creatures — as in wildlife with whom we live together. 29 For example, kick off planning for a community garden, or organize a garden harvest exchange.
30 You can have much fun learning new things about gardening or food production, cooking and preservation. You might also consider improving your skills in plant identification, wildlife recognition, etc. These ideas may inspire you to stay at home and use the time to set yourself up for a more sustainable future. You might be surprised by how refreshing it can be.
A．Learn new sustainability skills.
B．Make small, affordable changes for big results.
C．Sustainability skills are always of great significance.
D．You can even put on some neighborhood events or projects.
E．Often, we get into the habit of passing things by without really looking.
F．Here are some suggestions for sustainable ways to use vacation time at home.
G．It can also help you see where things could potentially be changed for the better.
【07】（2023上·湖南常德·高三汉寿县第一中学校考阶段练习）
Why Cooking Meals at Home Benefits More Than Just Your Wallet
When hunger strikes, the convenience of entering a fast-food restaurant or ordering takeout can be terribly attractive. 31 However, when it becomes a routine, your waistline, your wallet and your health can be badly affected. Here are four reasons to make cooking at home your option.
· It’s cheaper.
You could spend $100 at a fancy restaurant for one dinner, while the same amount of money could buy you groceries for a week. When you shop smart and get creative, you needn’t spend more than $1 on breakfast, $2 on lunch and $4 on dinner to purchase wholesome, healthy foods. Here’s how: 32
· It may reduce your exposure to certain chemicals.
The most surprising benefit of cooking at home can decrease the amount of harmful chemicals you’re exposed to. 33 Common in takeout and fast-food packaging, those chemicals have been associated with many diseases. Food packaging can also contain other damaging compounds (化合物).
·You can better estimate calories.
34 That is why people tend to consume extra calories when dining away from home. On the contrary, you have complete control over the food materials when you cook in your own kitchen. Choosing fiber-packed vegetables and meat containing less fat will help keep your calories under control. So will the way you cook your food. Rather than frying, choose roasting.
· 35
Many chefs use a lot of salt while cooking. While salt can make food tastier, too much of it is linked to serious health issues like heart disease and high blood pressure. At home, you can control the quantity of salt on your plate by seasoning food in other ways, like using lemon juice. The same goes for sugar. You can use smaller quantities of natural sweeteners like honey to add sweetness to your food. Too much added sugar is linked to some diseases as well.
A．You can reduce added salt and sugar.
B．Eating out can make calorie counting tricky.
C．Buy in large quantities and stick to store-brand items.
D．Salt and sugar are both essentials in cooking delicious foods.
E．Relying on food away from home occasionally is totally acceptable.
F．People are always too engaged in their work to cook at home personally.
G．People cooking at home have lower levels of dangerous chemicals in their bodies.
【08】（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
The world continues to struggle with extreme heatwaves, which are becoming even more regular thanks to climate change. 36 Researchers have found that by wearing appropriate clothes, it is possible to save considerable energy, both saving money and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. So what should you wear
When it comes to colour, most people wear white in summer, because white reflects the sun’s rays, rather than absorb the light. 37 When that heat from our bodies hits the white clothing, it is reflected back at us. A study of why Bedouins, who live in desert regions in the Arabian peninsula, Middle East and North Africa wear black robes (袍服) in the desert, found that heat exposure was the same whether they wore black or white robes.
How is that possible Black coloured fabrics absorb heat coming from the body, which plays a role in cooling your body down. 38 The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin, promoting an upward air current-like a chimney-and providing cooling relief. 39
In terms of material, it’s better to have fabrics that allow water vapour (蒸气) to pass through. Cotton absorbs moisture but it doesn’t dry quickly, so if you’re sweating a lot your clothes will stay wet. 40 Linen is widely worn as it has excellent breath ability due to its large fibres, but like cotton it is slow to dry. Merino wool has been a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts as it’s breathable.
Therefore, it turns out that picking an outfit to stay cool is more complex than simply throwing on a white T-shirt. But the right fabric and appropriate fit work.
A．It means cotton does not do so great with this.
B．Cotton is considered as the most comfortable material.
C．The clothing we wear is a vital component in how we stay cool.
D．So the fit of the clothing is actually more important than the colour.
E．So if you are considering what to wear, then stick with white T-shirt.
F．However, heat doesn’t just come from the sun — it comes from our bodies too.
G．The Bedouin’s secret is wearing loose-fitting black clothing, especially if it’s windy.
【09】（2022上·江苏无锡·高三统考期末）
If you are someone who struggles with exam anxiety, know that you aren’t alone.
Some levels of stress are normal, and they do serve a purpose. Stress can improve your work performance, think more quickly and more efficiently. 41 These high levels of stress and anxiety have harmful effects on both your mental health and your performance. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to try and relieve this.
Simply being aware of what is causing your anxiety -can help to lessen the effects. Try to take some time to reflect on what could be causing your anxiety. 42 In terms of exam anxiety, it could be linked to a few different factors. For example, if you’re someone that tends to be a bit of a perfectionist, you might experience higher levels of exam anxiety. 43 .
Most of the time, the key to exam anxiety is making full preparations. Make an early start on your revision. Starting 6 weeks before the exam is usually recommended. 44 Take enough time to do yourself justice.
45 Studying constantly will make you worn out, and you may even feel burnt out —long before you even get the chance to sit the exam. Make sure that you have at least one day off from revision a week. Take regular breaks for exercise to help keep your brain active. And always remember to eat nutritious, high-quality foods and drink enough water.
Hopefully, you will be free from exam anxiety in the future.
A．Also, try not to neglect your self-care.
B．In addition, your mental health matters the most.
C．It is completely normal to experience exam anxiety.
D．Once you address the causes, it puts you in a better position to treat it.
E．That being said, sometimes stress can turn into anxiety, which is overwhelming.
F．But this can change depending on where you feel you are in your studies and the study level.
G．This often means you set yourself up for failure, due to the fear of never feeling “good enough”.
【10】（2023上·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习）
Healing From Negative Childhood Experiences
Relaxed Control
It feels great to know that our lives are in control: physically, emotionally, mentally, socially, spiritually, and temporally. An optimistic attitude pushes us to take constructive actions in these areas and to enjoy the resulting sense of control. 46 There will most certainly be circumstances that we simply can’t control. When this happens, relaxed control says, “I’ll accept what is beyond my control to change or fix right now.”
Compassion
Compassion is sorrow for a person’s suffering coupled with a desire to relieve that passion brings healing (治愈) kindness to each moment of life. We can feel compassion, rather than condemnation (谴责), toward offenders, who suffer for their weakness. We can feel compassion, rather than cruel judgments, towards ourselves, who haven’t yet learned all that life has to teach us. 47
The Long View of Suffering
Franklin taught, “That which hurts instructs.” 48 It can help us to realize, and take pride in knowing, that we can survive very difficult circumstances. Hard times can lead us to have compassion for ourselves and empathy (移情) for those who are similarly suffering. All experience can be profitable. Though most tough survivors say that they would not choose the suffering they endured, they also would not trade the lessons gained from their suffering.
Sense of Humor
Humor is the ability to amuse or be amused; to be playful; to find the fun in any situation. 49 We can notice the absurd (荒谬), the incongruities (不协调) of life and people. To laugh at ourselves kindly is to think, “I’m more than my imperfections and weaknesses.” Laughing along with others says, “We’re in this together; we’re not alone; it’ll be okay.”
The healing attitudes are chosen. They help us heal and live a happier, more satisfying life. 50 But they don’t fall in our lap without effort. Like a beautiful plant, they are patiently, relentlessly cultivated. Looking back, the effort will seem enormously worthwhile.
A．Suffering is not all bad.
B．However, life is uneven.
C．Mentally step out of your negative experience.
D．Doing so provides you with choices as to how to act.
E．We can laugh at the funny things we all do sometimes.
F．It is liberating to realize that they are within everyone’s reach.
G．Compassion toward self and others can indeed soften our battles in life.
【11】（2023上·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考阶段练习）
The Importance of Handwriting is Becoming Better Understood
As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year, many will study with reliance on computers to take notes and write papers. 51 University professors complain of rampant distractions in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.
52 Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to imparting a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas.
The benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The arrangement of squiggles (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory. 53
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in superior note-taking.When primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls take notes, handwriting forces students to synthesise (合成) ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing. 54
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s “Common Core” curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it, thanks to campaigning by researchers and handwriting supporters. 55 England’s national curriculum already prescribes teaching the rudiments of cursive by age seven.
A．However, note-taking by hand takes longer time.
B．One solution to the complaints may be handwriting.
C．A line of research shows the benefits of computers replacing handwriting.
D．Some parents are disturbed that their children are playing games on laptops in class.
E．And those taking notes by hand also perform better on tests when they review notes.
F．In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices.
G．People might remember a word they wrote down in class as being at the bottom-left on a page.
【12】（2023上·江苏南通·高三统考开学考试）
With a tough economy, it’s difficult to meet our employees’ expectation of salary increases. 56 Well, here are some important factors that help employees improve their work efficiency, in addition to money.
Recognizing a person’s strong contribution is important, which can take many forms. Examples include taking someone to lunch and letting them know how much you value their performance. You publicly recognize someone’s performance with details of what they did. 57 These should be done at annual events in the presence of their peers.
Another one is motivational climate. Take a look around at the work environment and do whatever you can to make it a more pleasant place. There are many ways to upgrade a working environment, which will be appreciated by employees working there long hours a day. 58 Make it clear that you’re doing this “in recognition of your strong contributions” until the business improves.
You can invite them to a party to simply celebrate their good work. Do some team-building exercises that are fun and motivating. Bounce some ideas off them of how to achieve your business goals. 59
60 To achieve this, keep your door open. Show your care about them. Take an interest in their families, their hobbies, and their development. Open up to them and listen more. Of course it takes time and effort to build good relationships with people. But it’s worth the investment.
A．Certificates of honor can even be presented.
B．How can we motivate them to keep dynamic
C．What can we do to have them stay on the job
D．Trustworthy people are far more likely to cooperate.
E．What can also inspire employees is trust and understanding.
F．Conduct group brainstorms about ways to increase sales figures.
G．If you aren’t sure what to do, ask your employees what they’d like.
【13】（2023上·江苏盐城·高三江苏省东台中学校考阶段练习）
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. 61 It is about being intentional with everything you do—your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
● Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. The way you spend your time determines the course of your life. If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about your time. 62
● Know yourself better.
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. 63 Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.
● Learn to be grateful.
Gratitude takes you a long way towards conscious living. It opens you up to a happier and a fulfilled mindset. Most people are unhappy because they see only the negatives in life. However, everyone has something to be grateful for. Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. 64
● Believe in yourself.
It is the key to making the right choices, yet not regretting the wrong ones. The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts. 65 Care for it and follow it to make it stronger down the line.
Conscious living is a skill you need to learn as you go, so be willing to make the effort and master it. You will absorb it soon and be a happier person in the long run.
A．Accept the person you are.
B．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
C．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
D．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
E．Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate it for positive activities.
F．It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves.
G．Spending time alone and thinking deeply are effective measures that enable you to identify the inner voice.
【14】（2023上·湖北黄冈·高三统考开学考试）
Self-Improvement
Life can be a whirlwind of responsibilities and stress, but the right focus goes a long way towards ensuring you become a better person. 66 Keep reading to learn how you can go about your self-improvement journey.
67 Everyone needs something to live for, so think about what you want in life. Not only can struggling for something make you a happier and better person, but it can also help you find your purpose. Use a pen and paper and write down the short and long-term goals you would like to achieve.
Forgiving yourself and others can help you improve relationships. To be a better person, it’s important to have a go at forgiving any hatreds you’re holding. Allow yourself time to forgive your past mistakes and recognize what they’ve taught you. 68 You may not be able to forget what they’ve done, that’s okay, but forgiveness can give you peace of mind.
Everyone has flaws, but you can concentrate on improving yours. Notice how your behavior and attitude affect others. Are people generally happy or sad around you 69
Answering these questions and analyzing your interactions with them can help you discover and perfect your weaknesses.
Imagine what someone’s been through can give you a new perspective. Empathy is one of the first steps to being a better person because it builds your compassion. Not only does cultivating empathy help you be more sensitive toward other people, but it also helps you form lasting relationships and feel less isolated. 70
A．Do friends come to you for help or advice
B．Then, forgive those who have hurt you in the past.
C．Are people around you talented in improving themselves
D．Learning from one’s mistakes is a step to forgiving oneself.
E．Positive aspirations can give you something to thrive for.
F．Being empathic helps you gain a friend while challenging your perspective.
G．There’s something you can do every day to better yourself in different ways.
【15】（2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考开学考试）
Being highly critical or talking down to yourself are examples of self-criticism that highlight your own weaknesses. You may feel you don’t meet your own personal standards or expectations. Fortunately, you can improve this pattern of self-criticism by changing your thought patterns and practicing positive affirmations (情感上的支持或鼓励).
●What is self-criticism
Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation. 71 For some individuals, self-criticism can have a negative effect on day-to-day mood and may be a factor for depression and other forms of mental illness.
● Can self-criticism be good
72 If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.
● 73
People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.
● Examples of self-Criticism
When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language. 74 They may say, “I am easily disappointed with myself.” “I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate,” and “I stop caring about myself.”
● How can self-criticism be overcome
To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine. 75
A．Self-criticism isn’t always bad.
B．Where does self-criticism come from
C．If so, please step outside your comfort zone.
D．Self-criticism is associated with little progress.
E．It’s also important to seek professional help as needed.
F．Examples of self-criticism include phrases and negative self-talk.
G．As a result, they’re unsure of their thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
【16】（2023上·江苏南通·高三统考开学考试）
The World Book Day, also called World Book and Copyright Day, falls on April 23rd. 76 Reading extensively exposes you to new ideas and knowledge, improves your concentration and memory, and enhances your creativity and critical thinking skills.
Despite the importance of reading, many students today don’t have a good habit of reading. There are a few reasons for this: lack of time and motivation, abundance of digital distractions and failure to stick to reading. However, these challenges can be overcome with your conscious efforts.
First, you need to make time for reading by limiting time spent on social media or other leisure activities. Start with just 15—30 minutes a day of reading and you can work your way up to longer sessions. 77 Many libraries also have digital book options if you prefer e-readers or audiobooks.
Second, build the habit by scheduling reading time each day and sticking to it. 78 Even just having a regular routine on certain days of the week, such as reading Monday to Friday after dinner for example, can help you cement(巩固，加强) it as a habit.
Finally, track your progress to stay on track. Set monthly reading goals to achieve and record the books you read, how long the sessions were and any key insights gained. It is a traditional way to write on a notebook. 79 .
By making reading a priority, limiting distractions, setting a regular schedule, and tracking your progress, you can successfully develop the habit of reading. 80 So take the first step to cultivate this important habit today. Your future self will surely thank you for it.
A．Today using an app may make it easier to achieve.
B．The goal of the day is to engage people in reading.
C．Habits are formed through consistency and repetition.
D．Developing a habit of reading is particularly unnecessary.
E．Protecting the copyright is likely to be the focus of the day.
F．A lifelong love of reading will enrich your life in so many ways.
G．Find books you are genuinely interested in to help build motivation.
【17】（2023上·广东·高三金山中学校联考期中）
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the North-brook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. 81
Shocked at how much money kids spend Maybe you haven’t checked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. To some, such luxurious spending on the changeable young might seem unbearable. 82 Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenomenon after some research.
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. Teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music- and skin-filled shows on MTV, and you’ve got a large number of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids. 83 But also, spending money is often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Marshall says, even for those families who can afford such luxurious spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.
84 Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want. And don’t be afraid to just say no. Most of the parents are working nine-to-five or even working overtime to make ends meet. Therefore, shoulder the responsibility of instructing the kids to tell right from wrong, and developing healthy habits of spending money is of great importance. 85
A．Why do some parents give in
B．How did they persuade parents to pay
C．Teaching kids how to budget and save is key.
D．Kids shouldn’t always take money for granted.
E．Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.
F．We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are.
G．There is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home.
【18】（2023上·广东广州·高三广州市第三中学校考阶段练习）
Adaptations are currently popular in the movie industry. We’re all familiar with film adaptations of books. 86 Book adaptations of films aren’t that common, but it’s a medium that certainly takes skills to master.
The most well-known version of a film being adapted to books is via the novelisation (小说化). Movie novelisations went through a boom period before the internet era. Fans wanted to know more about the fictional worlds and experience the story again in a new way. 87 Thus, the novelisation was a great solution.
Meanwhile, the screen to page process has also opened up the possibility of sequels (续篇). Perhaps there simply wasn’t financial investment to create a follow-up to a film. Maybe a sequel idea simply felt more appropriate for a novel. 88 In recent years for example, the film Heat, released in 1995 has received its own novel. ET: The Book of the Green Planet continued the extra-terrestrial’s journey after the completion of the film’s narrative.
But what are the benefits of reading a novel instead of waiting for the big screen version Well, a novel can take its reader deeper into the mind of the characters that the film had to represent in a more visual way. 89 Although a film might characterize a fantastic scene or a specific costume choice, it doesn’t always tell why those things are important. Novelisations and sequels can take that extra step and shine a light on some of those movie-making choices.
Book adaptations of films obviously won’t ever replace cinema, and there’s no need to choose one or the other. 90
A．But what about book adaptations of films
B．Besides, descriptions can be more detailed too.
C．For a time, they were everything for cinema lovers.
D．Films being adapted to books has been talked repeatedly.
E．But they couldn’t simply google it, or immediately purchase the production on tape.
F．Regardless, some terrific films have been expanded upon thanks to this medium.
G．Actually, these two mediums are considerably interdependent and complementary.
【19】（2023上·河北邢台·高三校联考期中）
When the sun goes down in the evening and you are sitting outside at home, you may not be able to see many flowers in the yard without artificial lighting. 91 . That is the one you can enjoy by the light of the moon.
92
The plants with silver or multi-colored leaves, white or light-colored flowers, or flowers that open only at night are good choices for a moon garden. Another way to enjoy plants in the evening is to choose ones with a pleasing smell. Plant them along a walkway or near a seating area outdoors, where you can enjoy them up close, or within view of a window.
Select plants depending on season or temperature
You can begin the garden early with early bloomers, like lily of the valley. Make the season last longer into the autumn with late bloomers like chrysanthemum. In very warm places, try planting frangipani to fill your evenings with pleasure. 93 .
Group your plants together
For the best visual effect, plant in groups of three, five or seven of the same kind of plant. That is a good gardening method in general because it avoids creating a disorganized mixture of plants and flowers. But it is more important in a moon garden. 94 .
Add some small lights
There is one more thing to increase how much you can see your moon garden—add some small lights that face the plants. 95 . Think about using other light-colored design elements as well, such as fencing, plant supports, stones, water features and glass balls.
A．Insects that visit flowers at night love them
B．Plant some plants that show well in moonlight
C．They will increase the appeal of your moon garden
D．However, with some planning, you can have a moon garden
E．You certainly don’t want your single plants to get lost in the dark
F．Find the plants that work best in your climate by talking with a local expert
G．These plants can be seen after sunset and especially shine under a full moon
【20】（2023上·广东·高三校联考开学考试）
Tips for you to overcome comparison
Identify your triggers (诱因) and avoid them. To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that cause your behavior. Do you feel discontent with your life after looking at luxury goods 96 Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations or avoid them altogether.
97 When you minimize your abilities, it becomes easier to compare yourself to others. To avoid this negative behavior, make a list of your strengths and talents. By acknowledging your best qualities, you can learn to love yourself.
Keep a gratitude journal. To start journaling, reflect on the little things that bring you joy and write down why you’re grateful for them. Keeping a gratitude journal can increase your chances of overcoming comparison, but you may forget about it if you have a busy schedule. 98
Work on improving your abilities. Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses”, reflect on the areas you can improve. 99 Besides, don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By prioritizing yourself, you can boost your self-confidence and find your place and value.
Appreciate others instead of envying them. 100 If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your advantage.
A．Write down your positive qualities.
B．Do you set goals to achieve your dream
C．Consider the advantage that others can bring you.
D．Recognize everyone’s circumstances are entirely unique.
E．Take classes or workshops to develop your skills and techniques.
F．Is there someone who constantly makes you feel bad about yourself
G．Set a reminder to write at least once a week so you can actively express appreciation.
