Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years. 知识点讲解和练习 人教版八年级英语下册（无答案）

Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.
语法版块
现在完成时专题(三) 瞬间与延续
一 . 现在完成时中 for 和 since 用法，它们用于现在完成时里表示动作或状态从 过去某时开始， 一直延续至今，还可能延续下去。
(1)“for+ 时间段”和 “since+过去时间点或过去时间状语从句”都表示时间段，对它们引导 的时间状语都用 how long 提问。
e.g: I have been very sad since last Sunday.(对划线部分提问)
you been very sad
Tina has been away from home for five years. (对划线部分提问)
Tina been away from home
(2)since 是现在完成时的标志。
e.g.Betty hard since last term.That's why her exam results are so good.
A.will work B.worked C.was working D.has worked
(3)句型"Itis/It has been+一段时间+since 从句(从句的谓语动词用瞬间性动词的一般过
去式)"表示
如： The old man died two years ago.
=The old man has been dead
= two years the old man died.
二 . 瞬 间性动词与延续性动词之间的转换：如果现在完成时的句子中含表示时 间段的时间状语(如： since/for 引导的时间状语或状语从句),则谓语只能使用 延续性动词。因此，当句子里的时间状语变为 since/for 的时间状语时，瞬间动 词要变成相应的延续性动词。
(1)直接换成延续性动词 lend/borrow---keep, buy ---have, put on→ wear,
come/go/become---be,catch a cold →have a cold,
(2)转换成be+名词 join the Party--be a member of+团队 be in the Party,join the army---be a
soldier
(3)转换成 be+形容词 die ---be dead,finish ---be over,begin/start ---be on,leave --be away (from),fall asleep ---be asleep,wake up--be awake,fall ill ---be ill,open/close---be open/closed,
marry---be married
(4)转换成 be+介词短语/或其他 get to/arrive/reach ---be(in),join the army--be in the army,go (get)out →be out
e.g.1.The old man died 4 years ago.
=The old man for 4 years.
= 4 years the old man died.
2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.
=He in the Party 2 years.
3.I bought the book 5 days ago.
=I the book 5 days.
三、 注意事项
(1)区别have/has been to 和 have/has gone to
Have/has been(to)表示“去过某地(人现在已经回来了)”通常与once,never,several times
等连用。
Have/has gone(to)表示“去了某地(人还没有回来)”
如 ：They have to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has to Beijing. 他去北京了。(还没有回来)
(2)瞬间动词是不是绝对不能用于完成时呢
A. 在没有 for+ 时间段来限制动作持续时间的时候，可以用瞬间动词的!
1.I have bought the book.
2.He has died /has married /joined the army.
B. 瞬间动词的否定式是一个持续概念，可以和一段时间搭配。
如： I haven't left here(yet)since 1997. 自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
专项练习
一 . 单项选择
1.Dayid Shanghai for more than three months.
A.came to B.has been to C.has been in D.has come to
2.---Is your father a Party member
---Yes,he the party three years ago.He a Party member for three years.
A.joined;has been B.has joined;has been
C.was joined;is D.joined;was
3.---What a nice bike!How long you it ----Just five weeks.
A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had
4.I this book for a week .I have to return it now.
A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept
5.---- your sister in Green China for a long time
----Yes.She joined it five years ago.
A.Has;been B.Have;been C.Has;joined D.Have;join
6.---How long have you from the USA ----For three months.
A.come back B.returned C.go back D.been back
7.I this book for half a year.
A.have bought B.have had C.bought D.had
8.The students are sorry to hear that famous singer for a year.
A.has left B.has gone C,has been away D.has gone away
二 . 同义句：
1.I bought it last week. =I it for
2.We borrowed the book last month.
=We the book ago.
3.He opened the door 5 minutes ago.
=The door by him 5 minutes.
4.My family went there just now.
=My family for a while
5.My brother joined the club last year.
=My brother the club _last year.
6.My grandpa died 5 years ago.
=My grandpa 5 years
7.He became a teacher 2 years ago.
=He a teacher 2 years.
8.We moved to China the day before yesterday.
=We China
9.The movie ended 10 minutes ago.
=The movie for 10 minutes.
10.The film started half an hour ago.
=The film half an hour ago.
11.They woke up ten minutes ago.
=They for ten minutes.
12.He fell asleep one hour ago.
=He one hour ago.
13.My father got back 20 minutes ago.
=My father. for 20 minutes.
= 20 minutes my father back.
14.He put on the coat 5 minutes ago.
=He the coat 5 minutes ago.
= 5 minutes he the coat.
15.The leaves turned yellow last week.
=The leaves for
16.He left 5 days ago.=He 5 days ago
Section A
一 、语言版块
1.Jeff's family is having a yard sale.
a yard sale 意为“庭院拍卖会”
sale 相关短语：减价出售 待售
( )--Excuse me,I want to buy the sweater on the model(模特).
--I'm sorry.It's not ,but we have some other kinds of sweaters.
A.cheap B.expensive C.on sale D.for sale
2.Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
(1)bring back “使……回忆起；拿回来”动副短语，代词放中间
请把它们带回来。Please
(2)memory c.n. “回忆；记忆” 许多美好的回忆
3.You can also give old things away to people in need.
(1)give away “捐赠” 动副短语
修好自行车后，单车男孩吉米把它们捐赠给了一个儿童之家。After fixing up the bikes,Jimmy the Bike Boy to a children's home.
(2)in need “在困难中的”介词短语，可作后置定语或表语
(be)in need of 急需某物
患难见真情。 A friend is a friend indeed.
在你需要帮助的时候我会来的。I'll come when you help.
扩展：在危险中 当众
4.You can have it for 75 cents.
“花75美分你就能买到它。”
(1)花…买到某物： have/buy sth. for+ 钱
at the price of+ 钱
在我们的店里你可以花2元钱买到任何东西。
You can 2 yuan in our shop.
=You can 2 yuan in our shop.
(2)cent c.n. “美分”
一美元是一百美分。1 dollar is 100
有复数形式： dollar,pound,cent
无复数形式： yuan
5.And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.
check “检查” check out “察看；观察；核实；结账” checkin “登记；报道”
上交试卷前请检查一遍你的答案。 Please before you hand in the paper.
警察已经查看过所有的犯罪记录了。 The police have already all the crime records.
你最好现在就去宾馆登记以便住个好房间。 You'd better go to the hotel now to to get a good room.
6.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.
“我们决定每人卖五件不再使用的东西。
no longer “不再(句中)” 强调时间不再延续
=not …any longer(句末)
快点儿!我不能再等了。Hurry
=Hurry 【辨析】 no more=not …any
up!I
up!I
more 强调次数和程度“不再增加 ”
这地方太糟糕了，我不会再来了。
The place is so bad.I come here.
=The place is so bad.I come here
7.For example,he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday,…
(1)own vt.拥有 e.g.这本书是我的。 I this book.=This book is .
=This book me.
owner n.拥有者 e.g. 祝贺一等奖得主。
Congratulations to the first prize!
(3)adj.(表强调)自己的
某人自己的 +own 单独；独自 =
eg. 这是我自己的想法。This is idea.
孩子们需要有他们自己的空间。Children need room.
7.My daughter was more understanding,although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.
(1)part with sth./sb. “与…分开；分离”
在你进大学的第一天，父母很难与你分别。
It will be hard for your parents to on your first day at university.
(3)certain adj. “某种；某些；无疑的”
因为某些原因，她迟到了。She was late for
你确定吗 Are you that = Are you __that
8.As for me,I didn't want to give up my football shirts,but,to be honest,I have not played
for a while now.
(1)as for+n./代词宾格 “至于…,就…来说”
我喜欢弹吉他，但至于钢琴，我并不很感兴趣。
I like playing the guitar,but .I'm not
(2)to be honest 说实在的，诚实地说 adv.
一个诚实的男孩 boy
(3)for a while “好一会儿”
我好久没看见他了。 I haven't seen him
我在那儿待了一小会儿。 I stayed there
Section B
一、语言板块
1.I've been away for the past years.(P77)
have been away (延续) --- (瞬间)
have been away from+ 地点(延续) +地点(瞬间)
e.g:I left my hometown last summer.
=I my hometown since last summer.
e.g:Tracy left Hong Kong three months ago.
=Tracy Hong Kong three months.
=. three months ago.
Udrey Hepburn never the eyes of the public(公众)since she was a young girl.
A.has;been away B.has;been away from C.has;left for D.has,lef
复习与拓展： leave for+地点
2.It's full of interesting places to see and things to do.(P77)
1)be full of=be filled with
青少年们精力充沛。
Teenagers are energy.
=Teenagers are. energy.
The city draws everyone's attention.
A.is filled with chances B.is full of chances C.full of chances D.filled of chances
2)places to see: things to do
to do 作 定语， 表示： “
值得纪念的周末 要去实现的梦想
要完成的作业 可以吃的东西
3.It's been around for at least 20 years.(P77)
It's been around for as long as I can remember. (P107)
1)has/have been around 在这里表示“已经存在”
e.g: 这个古镇已经存在了上千年了。
This ancient town for years.
2)for as long as I can remember 自我记得起
自我记得起， 他就一直是一个三好学生。
He a merit student as long as 自我会读书开始，西游记就一直是我最喜欢的书。
The journey to the west my book as as I can .
4.It serves the best food in town.(P107)
serve v. 服务；招待(过去式 过去分词 现在分词 ，）
n. 服 务 (最友好的服务 )
n. 仆人 (人类的仆人 ）
搭配： serve sb. sth.=serve sth. to sb.
我们用火鸡来招待客人。 We turkey the our guest
=We our guests
未来将会有一些机器人正在为我们上菜。
There will be some robots dishes
先到先得
5.search v./n.搜索；调查 (过去式： 过去分词 、
vi.search for sb./sth. 寻找；搜寻 近义：. “寻找”(较通俗)
我们正在寻找一个更好的解决问题的方法。
We are a better way to solve the problem.
vt. search sp.for sb./sth. 搜寻某地，寻找某物或者某人
警方搜了他的家，寻找丢失的孩子。
The police_ his house the lost child.
练习题：
--Where is your English teacher
--He the Internet some information in the computer room
A.will search;for B.has searched;for C.searched;of D.is searching;for
他们正在努力寻找答案。
They are working hard to answers.
6.Among these is Zhong Wei,a 46-year-old husband and father.
among prep.
1)表示“在……当中”
汤姆坐在学生之间。Tom the students
他正在站在人群之中。 He is the
2)表示“其中之一”,相当于 one of them
今年有许多同学获得奖项。Alice就是其中之一。
There are a lot of students winning the prize,and Alice is Harry Potter 是最受欢迎的小说之一。
Harry Potter_ the most popular novels
= the most popular novels Harry Potter
伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
London ig in the world.
3)用于最高级，此时可以和o 互换
珠峰是世界上最高的山峰。
Qomolangma is all the mountains.
在所有人当中，他是最擅长说英谓。
He does English all.
区别： between prep.在两者之间： 两两之闹
汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。
e.g.Tom Mary and Frank.
There is a supermarket the hotel and the hospital.
Can you tell me which is the lallest the four boys
每天三餐之间吃药 Take medioine meals.
The government has built many roads cities.
A.among B,in C.betweon D.to
7.a 46-year-old husband and father “一位46岁的丈夫和父亲”
=a husband and father
1)a husband and father 表示
a husband and a father 表示
2)46-year-old:
一个为期两个月的假期 a holiday = boliday 步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程 walk /drive /ride
= a walk /drive / ride
8.It's a shame,but I just don't have the time.
shame u.n. 意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”
c.n.表“可耻的人或事；可惜(遗憾)的事”
adj. 可耻的
无耻的
1)常用 ashame 表示“一种可耻的事情或者遗憾的事情”
-I didn't have enough money to buy the guitar I wanted。
-It's 真遗憾啊。
多么可耻(遗憾)啊!
2) It's a shame that + 从句 …真遗憾
你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遇憾。 that you can't stay for dinner 3) Its a shame for sb.to do sth.
It's a shame (cover)this beautiful table with a tableclorh.
9.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowas bave changed.
a.regard v. 看特
regard …as…… “将··视为…;把…当做… ”
=treat….as … =consider …as …
我把他当朋友看待。 I him my fniend.
我们以前都认为他是一个诚实的孩子。We all him an honest boy.
同义词； consider v.1) 认为；视为 搭配： consider…as…/coosiser tbe…
我们都认为他是一个智慧的老人。 We all him __a wise old man.
=We all him _a wise old man. 皇后认为她自己是世界上最美丽的女人。
The queen the most beautiful lady in the world.
2 ) 考 虑 = +sth./doing/ 宾语从句
请考虑我的建议。Please my advice.=Please my advice.
我正在考虑换份工作。I am my job.
他昨天考虑去夜间动物园观察动物。 He the animals in the Night Safari.
他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。
He how to solve the problem.
b.do sth with great interest 带着巨大的兴趣做某事
他带着巨大的兴趣参观了这个厕所博物馆。
He the Museum of toilets
10.“I noticed that's true of my hometown,”adds Zhong Wei.
1)notice v.注意到；察觉(过去式 ;过去分词 现在分词 )
如果注意到任何陌生人，请马上拨打911.
If you please call 911 at once.
搭配： notice sb.do sth. 注意某人做了某事(强调全过程)
notice sb.doing sth. 注意某人正在做某事 (强调正在进行)
她注意到那个男孩在跟踪她 She the boy her.
我注意到Tom 拿走了这本书 I Tom away this book.
当我路过教室的时候，我注意到Jack正在抄作业。
I Jack others'homework when I passed by the classroom.
notice that+ 从句：我注意到他们躲在桌子底下。
that are under the table. 刚才我没有注意到交通灯变成绿色了。
I that the traffic lights
notice n. 告示； 通知 告示牌
11.Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.
a.count-counted-counted 1) v. 数数；计算
我在3岁的时候就能够数数了。I at the age of three.
我还没有数过教室里面有多少人。
I how many people in the classroom.
你应该把我算进去。 You should me .
2) count down :
人们开始倒数新年前的日子。
People started to before the new year.
3) make sth.count
让每一天都过得有意义吧! Let's each day !
b.century c.n, 意为“世纪；百年”,复数
一百年是一个世纪。 A hundred years a
几个世纪以前，这里还是一个贫穷的小山村。
It was a poor village here
搭配： 在第几世纪 in+the+ 序数词+ century
在21 世纪 20世纪中期
21 世纪早期 19世纪晚期
一位18世纪中期的作家 a writer
12.According to Zhong Wei,however,some things will never change.
according to +n./pron./从句 “依照，按照”,位于句首或者句尾
根据这篇文章 根据第一段 我会根据你的建议完成这项工作。
I will finish the work
根据他所说的话，她是一位伟大的妻子和母亲。
,she is a great wife and mother.
13.In my hometown,there was a big old tree opposite the school.
opposite 1) adj. 对面的；另一边的
在河的对面 on the of the river
2)prep. 在…的对面 =
Jane的房子在一个公园对面
Jane house is a park. =Jane's house is a park. 3)搭配 be opposite to 和…相反/相对
你所说的和事实正好相反。What you said the fact. 这和我所期望的完全相反。It is quite what I
14.Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree ,especially
during the summer holidays.
especially adv., 意为“尤其；特别；格外”,
在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。
鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是冬天。
Flowers are always welcomed,
青少年都很注重时尚，尤其是女孩子。
Teenagers are very fashion conscious, .
Kate 在家很吵闹，尤其当有客人来的时候。
Kate is very noisy at home,
区别： special adj. “特别的，特殊的”。
specially adv. “专门地”
我有一份特殊的礼物给你。 I have a gift for you. 这个聚会是专门为你举办的。This party is held for you.
--I think winter is a beautiful season, when it snows. ---Me,too.
A.specially B.especially C.special
15.sweet memory 甜蜜的回忆 复数 sweet memories
memory c.n. 回忆
我的家乡在我们心中留下了温柔而甜蜜的回忆
My hometown has in our hearts.
1o.His nometown is stili the place that noras ain nis cnidnood.-
hold 1)v. 拥有；抓住；握住；
他手上正握着一本书。He a book in his hand.
2)“举行；主持”,
他们明天会举行一场会议讨论这个问题。
They will _to this problem tomorrow.
3)搭配： hold on 坚持；不要挂电话
hold on(to sth.) 坚持(某事);抓紧某物；
-----May I speak to Mr.Smith
,(请不要挂)
无论你遇到什么困难，你都应该坚持。
No matter ,you should 抓紧这条绳子! the rope
二 、佳句仿写
1.Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.
我们的家乡给我们心中留下温柔和甜蜜的回忆。
美句翻译：这次经历在我心里留下了美好的回忆。
This experience in my .
佳句原创：
2.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometown have changed.
许多像钟伟一样的人带着巨大的兴趣看待他们的家乡发生怎样的变化。
美句翻译：我带着巨大兴趣来看待中国是如何迅速发展的。
I regard how China has in a
我带着巨大的兴趣读着我最喜欢的书。
I read my favorite book
佳句原创： 3.His hometown is still a place that holds all his childhood memories.
他的家乡仍然是一个拥有他所有童年记忆的地方。
美句翻译： 重庆是一座拥有很多美食记忆的城市。
Chongqing is a city that a lot of of 佳句原创：