译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading 词汇讲解课件（共23张PPT）

(共23张PPT)
Unit 1 reading
New words
1. harm n/vt 伤害 损害
harmful adj 有害的
harmless adj 无害的
be harmful to = do harm to 对……有害
do sb harm = do harm to sb 对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
there is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有坏处
翻译：
摄入大量脂肪对你的健康有害。
Eating a large amount of fat is harmful to your health.
这些物体会释放有害的气体，这些气体可能对我们的健康
有害
This objects gives off harmful gases, which may do harm to
our health.
Everyone knows smoking is _______(harm) to their health, but many of them can’t keep themselves away from it.
Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm ______ health that
they actually speed up the weakening of the human body.
It is absolutely ________(harm) to our bodies if applied properly.
harmful
to
harmless
2. overseas adj 海外的，国外的 adv 在海外，在国外
overseas development/ markets/ trade 海外发展/
市场/贸易
at home and overseas 在国内外
live overseas 在国外生活
go overseas 出国
Every year nine million overseas visitors come to the city.
With the number of homecoming ___________________
(留学生) shooting up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree
holders has gradually faded.
In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous
trees and flowers ____________________(来自海外)
overseas students
from overseas
3. million num 一百万；许多，大量
millionaire n 百万富翁
注意：
当a ,one, two 等具体数字或several, a few 等与million连用时，后面不加s. 若前面没有具体数字或数量时,可用millions of
Up to five million people a year visit the country.
The company has been worth millions of dollars.
____________(million) of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.
Millions
4. length n 长，长度，篇幅，（电影）片长
in length 在长度上
at length 详尽地；最后
go to great lengths 竭尽全力
We have already discussed this plan ________ length, so next
we should spare no effort to carry it out.
All the videos for the students’ self-study must be under 5
minutes _________ length.
The area can be easily worked out if you know the __________
(long) and width.
at
in
length
5. species 种，物种
endangered species 濒临物种
the diversity of species 物种多样性
This region is the home of many species of wild flower.
The endangered species _______(be) facing the danger of extinction, and how to adapt to the changes of the habitat is rather challenging to them.
This species ____________(have) nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
are
has
6. variety n 不同种类，变化，多样性
a great/wide/large variety of 各种各样的
vary from……to… 从…到……变化
vary with 随着……变化
various /varied adj 各种各样的=a wide range of
The wetlands are home to a wide variety of wildlife, so we must make an effort to protect them.
When preparing meals, we need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value.
The new park, where there are various fresh flowers, offers a variety of things to play with. Many visitors, whose ages vary from 1 to 60, go to the park to have fun.
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are _______________(vary)
We spent the whole morning wandering the streets of the small town, visiting a _____________(vary) of shops selling gifts and enjoying a live music show.
A variety of his books ______________(be) published in recent years.
Whether it is in the past, at present, or in the future, time will not vary ___________ the development of the world.
various/ varied
variety
have been
with
7. beneath 在……下面，配不上
beneath the surface 表面之下
the people beneath her 地位比她低的人
At dusk, they discovered a large parcel beneath a pile of leaves.
To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouth-watering.
When the earthquake happened, I felt the ground beneath me shaking violently.
He considers such jobs beneath him.
8. living adj 活着的，在使用的
make a living= earn one’s living 谋生
all living things 所有生物
standard of living / living conditions 生活水平/生活条件
He is the greatest living novelist in England.
It is said that there are more than five thousand living languages in the world.
As the economy develops, the living conditions of people have been improved accordingly.
辨析 living/ live/lively/alive
living adj 活着的。可修饰人或物，做前置定语
live adj 活的。作前置定语，还可表示“现场直播的”
lively adj 生动有趣的，有活力的，活泼的，可修饰人或物，作定语，表语或补语。
alive adj 活着，有活力。可修饰人或物，作表语，补语或后置定语，不可以作前置定语。
The problem must be dealt with in no time, or it will do great harm to the __________________ things in this area.
The rescuers found the little girl still _______ after the earthquake, so they sent her to the hospital at once.
Every week they have to learn a different dance and perform it _________ on Tv on Saturday night.
Schools should be ___________ places where individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential.
living/live
alive
live
lively
9. survive 生存，幸存
survive on 依靠……维持生活
survive sb by …… 比……多活
survival n 生存，幸存，存活
survivor n 幸存者
survival of the fittest 适者生存
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
The front passengers were lucky to survive the car accident without any injury.
Mr Green was one of the survivors who survived the earthquake. He told us he survived on a bottle of water in the ruins. Everyone said his survival was a wonder.
Her father was a soldier and was one of the ____________(survive) of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The basic function of fruits in nature is to spread the seeds of plants to ensure the ___________(survive) of the species.
My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa _______ five years.
How dose the family survive ______ such a small monthly wage
survivors
survival
by
on
10. in turn 可作状语，常位于句中或句末 意思是“轮流，依次，反过来，因此”
by turns 轮流，依次
in one’s turn 轮到某人时
take turns doing/ to do sth 轮流做某事
it’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
in return 作为回报
The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
There were cheers for each of the kids as they perform in turn.
Don’t be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in turn, broaden your horizons.
We usually take turns to clean the room, and today it is my turn to clean it.
11. break down (机器或车辆)坏掉，出故障；使分解；(谈判或协议等)失败；精神崩溃，身体垮了；消除，驱除
--Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
--Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, my health almost breaks down.
What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes.
---The machine is working again!
---Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it has been fixed.
Talks with business leaders broke down last night, because the two sides couldn’t agree on the details.
She hopes to build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures.
12. breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet.
A teacher should try to breathe life into his subject.
We hope new employees can breathe new life into our company and promote its development.
13. disappear 消失，灭绝，失踪
disappearance n 失踪，消失
appear/show up/ turn up 出现，露面
Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage.
There is no proof that the _____________________(disappear)of them has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
By the 1920s, wolves had disappeared __________ the Yellowstone area.
disappearance
from
14. due to 由于，因为
近义短语：on account of ,as a result of, because of, as a consequence of, thanks to , owing to
be due to do 预期做某事
be due to sb 应支付/应给予某人
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
Please make sure you return the book before it’s due.
He is making preparations for the English speaking contest which is due to take place next week.
Have you paid the money that is due to them
15. extinction n 灭绝，绝种
extinct adj 已灭绝的；绝迹的
Measures must be taken to protect the animals which are at the edge of extinction.
The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.
We must protect these endangered animals before they become extinct.
It is better for the sake of evolution to allow creatures to go extinct.
16. impact n 巨大影响，撞击 vt (对某事物)有影响/作用
have an impact/influence/ effect on 对……有影响
impact on/upon 对……有影响
make a difference to 对……有影响
influence/ affect sb/sth 对……有影响
Reading has an impact on the way we see the world.
Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
Her grandma’s death impacted greatly on her childhood years.
What parents say and do will have a great impact on their children.
17. damage n/vt 损害，毁坏
do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
badly/seriously damage 严重损害
slightly damage 轻微损害
It wasn’t a serious accident. That car was only slightly damaged.
It is clear that human beings have done great damage to the environment over the years.
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
18. build up 逐渐增加，扩大，增强……的体质；创建(set up/establish/found)
build up one’s confidence/ muscles/strength/ body
I am very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
Not only does exercise build up body, but also it makes us relaxed and refreshed us.
For all these years I have been working for others. I hope I’ll build up my own business some day.
He has built up a very successful business. Now he is practicing Chinese Kungfu. In his opinion, not only can it build up one’s strength, but it can also build up his confidence.