八下unit2 SectionA Grammar Focus_4c -2023-2024学年八年级下册英语同步精美课件（人教版）

(共23张PPT)
Unit 2
I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A
Grammar Focus-4c
Learning Objectives
To learn to use phrasal verbs;
To learn the functions of infinitives.
用作宾语 (hope to do)
用作状语(work to help kids learn to read)
用作宾语补足语(ask them to come)
对疑问词的限定(how to care for ourselves)
形容词后的不定式结构(be able to do)
Revision
Complete the passage.
Mario and Mary ________ ________ several hours each week ________ ________ others. Mario wants ______ ______ an animal doctor. He __________ at an animal hospital. He wants _______ _______ more about _______ _______ care for animals.
give up
to help
to be
volunteers
to learn
how to
Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself _____ ______ _______ of four. Last year, she decided ______ ______ ______ for a volunteer after-school ________ program. Mary still works there once a week _______ _______ kids learn to read. Volunteering there is a dream ________ ________ for her. She can do what she _______ _______ _______ and helps others at the same time.
at
the age
to
try out
reading
to
help
come true
love to do
Grammar Focus
根据所给汉语意思把句子补充完整。
1.我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d ________________ homeless people.
2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访孩子们, 为他们加油打气。
You _____________ hospitals _________ you visit the kids and cheer them up.
3.她自愿一周去一次那里帮助孩子们学习读书。
She __________ there once a week __________ kids learn to read.
like to help
could ask to let
volunteers
to help
4. 她决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者选拔。
She decided to ____________ a volunteer after-school reading program.
5. Mario相信这会帮助他获得他未来的梦想工作。
Mario believes it can help him _________ his future dream job.
6. 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I’m making some signs ___________ around the school.
try out for
to get
to put up
Language points
动词不定式
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的，有时to可以省略，它是非谓语动词的一种。
动词不定式在句子中不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，其否定结构是“not to +动词原形”。
e.g. Tell him not to be late.
动词不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。本节课我们主要探讨不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语等情况。
什么是宾语？
宾语，也称受词，是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。
I broke the glass.
动作的发出者
（主语）
动作（谓语）
动作的承受者
（宾语）
不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语
(1) 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语，这类动词有agree, decide, forget, fail, hope, learn, try, plan, refuse, want, wish等。
e.g. Amy agreed to go for a picnic with us.
I forgot to close the window when I left the room.
We failed to arrive on time because of bad traffic yesterday.
Peter plans to go on a visit to Beijing next month.
(2) 在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语, 而将真正的宾语(即动词不定式)后置。
e.g. She finds it difficult to finish the work by herself.
什么是宾语补足语？
宾语补足语就是用来对宾语加以补充说明的文字,和宾语一起构成复合宾语。
I asked her to call Mr. Smith.
动作的发出者
（主语）
动作（谓语）
动作的承受者（宾语）
不定式作宾语补足语
对宾语的补充
不定式作宾语补足语
(1) 一些动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成v. + sb. + to do sth.。这类动词有advise, allow, ask, encourage, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。
e.g. The doctor advised me to run every morning.
My sister taught me to speak English.
Do you want me to take you to the train station
(2) 使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch等)后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
e.g. The children made me tell the story again.
I often see them play football on the playground.
状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份，状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
I got up early this morning to catch the bus.
不定式作状语
起得早的目的是为了赶公交车——目的状语
动作的发出者
（主语）
动作（谓语）
不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语时，可表示目的、结果、原因等。
e.g. To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的)
The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果)
Jack was happy to get the good news. (表示原因)
what, which, who, where, when, how等疑问词与不定式连用。
e.g. Nobody told us what to do next.
I don’t know where to go.
The question is when to start.
1. —What are you going to do this summer vacation
—I plan ________ my grandparents.
A. visit B. visited C. to visit
2. Our teacher expect us _________ such traditional Chinese books.
A. read B. reading C. to read
单项选择。
3. My parents want me _____ a doctor.
A. to be B. is C. to am
4. She told me study hard.
A. be B. to C. for
5. Who will read the book for us
A. volunteer B. volunteers C. volunteer to
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off
1. I want to ________ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to ________ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put off
call up
put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off
3. Our class is trying to ______________ some ideas to ___________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ___________ signs around the school and ___________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will ___________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs __________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what __________ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do __________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time
to make
to do
to help
be worried about
=worry about担心，焦虑
in one’s free time
在某人的空闲时间
to help these people is a good way _________ our free time. For example, we can make plans __________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to spend
to visit
to move
筹钱
one of+the/one's+名词复数 ...之一
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer ______________________________
_______________________________________________.
2. At 12: 00 midnight, I called my friend ______________
_______________________________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help _____________________
_______________________________________________.
to help kids with their homework.
to ask an
important question
my mom with housework
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want .
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) .
to go camping with my friends.
not to do that.
lonely 情感上的孤独，寂寞
alone 独自一人（但不定感觉寂寞）
Summary
“动词+副词”型短语动词，注意代词常放中间。
动词不定式作宾语（v.+ to do sth.）
动词不定式作宾语补足语（v.+sb.+to do sth.）
动词不定式作状语（表目的、结果、原因等）
Homework
Make sentences with the phrases below.
help (to) do, want to do
learn to do, decide to do
paln to do, volunteer to do