外研版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English Using language 构词法课件（33张PPT）

(共33张PPT)
Unit 2
Exploring
English
Word formation构词法
Review the passage Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Lead-in
Match搭配 the words to the types种类 of word formation构词法.
a. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b. …sculpt a sculpture…
c. When we… see rain…, we can say “it’s raining”…
d. WHO
□ 1 abbreviating缩写
□ 2 changing改变 the part of speech词性
□ 3 adding添加 a prefix前缀 or suffix后缀
□ 4 combining结合 two or more更多的 words单词
d
c
b
a
Now look for寻找 more examples例子 of each type in the reading passage.
1. abbreviating:
2. changing the part of speech:
3. adding a prefix or suffix:
4. combining two or more words:
IT, US
when we … see… snow, we can say… “it’s snowing”.
paint-painting, hard-hardly, soft-softly, harm-harmless/harmful, shame-shameless/shameful, visible-invisible
hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
一种语言的词汇绝不能看作是无生命的、完全的整体。词汇是会通过其构词能力不断地生成和再生成的。
构词法
（根据一定的规律构成新单词的方法）
Compounding（合成）
Conversion（转化）
Derivation（派生）
Abbreviation（缩略）
1. 合成法(compounding)：把两个或更多的词合成一个新词，可用连字符连接，也可直接写一起，或者由分开的两个词构成。合成词一般包括：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。
构词法 (Word formation)
1) 合成名词
名词+名词：postman邮递员, notebook笔记本
形容词+名词：blackboard黑板, supermarket超市
名词+动词： sunrise日出, haircut理发，发型
动词-ing形式+名词：reading room阅览室, washing machine洗衣机
名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting书写, papermaking剪纸
动词+名词：pickpocket扒手, workroom工作室
动词+副词：breakup分裂，瓦解
其它形式：get-together聚会, go-between媒人, passer-by路人
2) 合成形容词
形容词+名词+ed: warm-hearted热心的
形容词+v.-ing: good-looking好看的
副词+v.-ing: hard-working努力工作的
名词+v.-ing: English-speaking 说英语的
名词+v.-ed: man-made人造的
副词+v.-ed: well-known 著名的
形容词+名词: mid-east中东的, round-trip往返的
3) 合成代词
代词宾格/物主代词+ self / selves：herself, ourselves
某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body /one / thing：anyone, nothing
4) 合成介词
介词+副词：within在..之内
副词+名词：outside在外面
5) 合成副词
副词+名词：indoors在室内, upstairs在楼上
介词+名词：alongside在旁边, beforehand事先，提前
名词+形容词：sky-high极高地，高昂地
副词+介词：nearby在附近
其它形式：meanwhile同时, headfirst头向前地
6) 合成动词
副词+动词：overhear无意听到, overwork加班,
名词+动词： sunbathe晒太阳
形容词+动词：whitewash掩饰，粉刷, safeguard保护
Find the Compounding words in the reading material and give the meanings.
While we’re doing all this travelling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing
seasick（晕船）; airsick（晕机）; carsick（晕车）; homesick（想家）; homework（家庭作业）; housework（家务事）
【即学即练】
2. 派生法(Derivation)：在一个词根之前或之后加上一个词缀，构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。单词前加前缀，一般不改变词性，只引起意义上的变化。单词后加后缀，一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。如：(dis)agree, agree(ment), （dis）agree(ment)。
常见前缀 含义/功能 例词
in-, il-, im-, ir-, un-, non-, dis- 表否定 incorrect不正确的, illegal违法的, impolite不礼貌的, irrelative不相关的, unnecessary不必要的, non-smoking不吸烟的, dislike不喜欢
mis- 错误地 mislead误导, misunderstand误解, misadventure不幸遭遇
pre- 在……之前 preschool学前, preview预习
re- 再，重新 retell复述, rewrite重写,review复习
inter- 相互 international国际的, interconnect相互联系
常见前缀 含义/功能 例词
a- （形容词前缀）...的 asleep睡着的, alive活着的
en- （动词前缀）使... enrich丰富, enlarge扩大
tele- 远程的 television, telescope望远镜
auto- 自动 automation自动化
co- 共同 cooperate合作, co-worker同事
multi- 多 multicultural多元文化的, multilingual多语言的
kilo- 千 kilogram千克, kilometer千米
常见名词后缀 含义/功能 例词
-er，-or 表具有...特征之人或用于……之物 teenager, cooker, actor
-ment 表结果、状态 replacement替换, disappointment沮丧,
arrangement安排,argument争论
-ion 表状态、行为 examination, condition状况,
reflection反映，action
-hood 表身份、性质、时期 parenthood为人父母, brotherhood手足情谊, childhood童年
-ist 表主义者、从事某种职业 panist, socialist社会主义者
-ship 表性质、关系 ownership所有权, friendship
常见副词后缀 含义/功能 例词
-ly 表示方式 carefully认真地, quickly快速地
-ward（s） 向... towars朝着，forward向前
常见动词后缀 含义/功能 例词
-ise/-fy/-en 使...... realise实现, beautify美化
widen加宽
常见形容词后缀 含义/功能 例词
-ed 感到... interested, confused困惑的
-ful/ive/ous/al 表有……性质的，充满……的 useful有用的, painful痛苦的, positivie积极的 anxious焦虑的
cultural文化的
-less 表示无、没有 careless粗心的, useless无用的
-able 表示可……的，有……性质的 knowledgeable知识渊博的, comfortable舒适的
① They also shared with us many __________
(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were
________(huge) popular with tourists.
② We are so proud of her. It's ____________
(wonder).
③All the football _________(play) on the
playground cheered loudly.
NMET 2019
traditional
hugely
wonderful
players
1. 按所给词的正确形式填空
rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________
nation(形容词)_______ farm(人)__________
recent(副词)________ friend(形容词)________
hope(形容词)_______ job(否定形容词)_________
visit(名词)__________ access(形容词) ________
eight(八十)________ true(名词)___________
kind(名词)_______ China(形容词)________
2. 按括号内的要求改写下列单词
rainy
national
recently
hopeful/hopeless
visitor
eighty
kindness
disagree
farmer
friendly
jobless
accessible
truth
Chinese
3. 转化法(Conversion)：有些名词可作动词，有些形容词可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的方法叫转化法。
1) 动词转化为名词
有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如attempt试图, laugh大笑。有些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化，如：
wind (v. 上发条→n.风）
tear（v. 撕开→ n. 泪水），
record（v. 记载，录制→ n. 记录）。
2) 名词转化为动词
face n. 脸→ v. 面对
nurse n. 护士→ v. 护理
water n. 水→ v. 浇水
e.g. She gave me a glass of water. 她给了我一杯水。
You should water the flowers twice a week.
你应该每周给这些花浇两次水。
3) 形容词转化为动词、名词或副词
narrow adj. 窄的→ v. 使……变窄
red adj. 红色的→ n. 红色
fast adj. 快的→ adv. 迅速地
e.g. The stairs were very narrow.楼梯非常狭窄。
He narrowed his eyes and gazed at the horizon.
他眯起眼睛凝望着地平线。
We painted the door bright red.我们把门漆成鲜红色。
I like the way the artist uses red in this painting.
我喜欢画家在这幅作品中对红色的运用。。
请大家判断词性转化类型,然后翻译句子
(1) Let me have a try.
(2) You could shoulder the task.
(3) You should try your best to better your performance.
(4)They are discussing the content of the story.
v.-n.
让我来试一试。
n.-v.
你可以承担这项任务。
adj.-v.
你应该尽最大努力让自己有更好的表现。
adj.-n.
他们正在讨论这个故事的内容。
【即学即练】
4. 缩略法( Abbreviation)：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。
1) 首字母缩写
Very Important Person VIP
Chief Executive Officer CEO
China Central Television CCTV
World Trade Organization WTO
Virtual Reality VR
Photoshop PS图像处理
2) 单词截短 (Clipping)（截头，去尾，截头又去尾）
telephone – phone
advertisement – ad广告
influenza -- flu流感
Divide the following words according different word formation.
Abbreviation: _____________________________________________
USA DJ PM
watermelon schoolwork USA sunshine toothache impossible bookstore national mooncake DJ restroom chopstick impolite textbook warmth bathroom disagree PM butterfly snowman
Compounding: _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Derivation:
_________________________________________________
watermelon schoolwork sunshine toothache
bookstore mooncake restroom chopstick textbook
Bathroom butterfly snowman
impossible national impolite warmth disagree
watermelon schoolwork USA sunshine toothache impossible bookstore national mooncake DJ restroom chopstick impolite textbook warmth bathroom disagree PM butterfly snowman
Complete完成 the passage with the help of在...的帮助下 word formation and get the main idea of each paragraph.
When you open a dictionary字典, you often come across遇到 a lot of unfamiliar不熟悉的 words. You might think this is a bit scary有点可怕. But many of them are formed形成 using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
What is called word formation.
Words formed by combining 结合other words are called compounds, for example, __________ (a friend that you contact 联系by writing, traditionally传统上 using a pen) and ____________ (known by many people).
penfriend
well-known
What are called compounds and some examples.
Prefixes前缀 and suffixes后缀 often have fixed固定的 meanings. If you add添加 un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means opposite相反的. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s _________, and if someone isn’t happy they’re _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns名词. For example, if somebody has improved提高 a lot, they have made great ______________.
incorrect
unhappy
improvement取得巨大进步
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings.
Some nouns名词 and adjectives形容词 can be used as被用作 verbs动词, or the other way round或者反过来. When we calm somebody down, they become ________. And we can give someone a present by ____________ it.
calm
presenting
The part of speech can be changed.
And sometimes a word is made up of 由...组成the first letters字母 of several words: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as ________, and ________ is short for是...的简称 “as soon as possible尽可能快的”.
It is impossible to.....不可能 know the meaning含义 of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess猜测 their meanings.
WTO
ASAP
Abbreviating
How word formation can help us.
summary
构词法
(word formation)
合成法
(combining two or more words)
派生法
(adding a prefix or suffix)
转化法
(changing the part of speech)
缩略法
(abbreviating)
前缀
(prefix)
后缀
(suffix)
首字母缩写
截短法