Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (必修第三册)
Unit4 话题 科学家和科学成就
词汇 1.survive v．生存；幸存；比……活的时间长 -----survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物-----survivor n．幸存者 2.intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指 ------intention n．打算，计划 n. 意图，目的；企图 ------intended adj. 打算的；计划的 3.refer v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及 -----reference n.参考，查阅；提到，谈及 4.limited adj.有限的 ----limitless adj. 无限制的----imitation n. 限制；局限 5.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 ---benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处 6.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 ------surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的-----surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 7.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 -----in favour of 支持，赞同 8.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 9. involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 -------involvement n.涉及 10.ignorance n．无知------ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会 --------ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 11.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证 -----permission n. 允许；许可；同意 12.responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 -------responsible adj.负责任的，对……负责的 13.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布 -----declaration n. 宣告
短语 1. put........... at risk 把..........置于危险之中 2. be involved in....... 涉及到.......... 3. put another way 换句话说 4. devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 5. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 6. to the credit of sth. 使……值得赞扬，使……受尊重 7. let sb down 让某人失望 8. all sorts of things 各种事情 9. as to 至于，关于 10. take it for granted that ... 认为……理所当然 11. leave room for 为……留下空间 12. speed up 加速 13. pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 14. by accident 偶然，意外地 15. be charged with........被指责.......... 16. declare for/against...赞成/反对…… 17. take/have responsibility for对……负责 18. be responsible for 对……负责 19. with/without permission得到/未经允许 20. be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
句型 It was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu after many failed experiments. Without her sufficient knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. If he had really done it, he he would have received a deadly electric shock. We scientists take it foe granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
语法 动词 ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
写作 校园科技节介绍
知识点01 重点词汇
1.survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
教材原句：Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。
【用法】
(1)survive vt.& vi.生还；残存；比……活的时间长
survive on... 仅靠……维持生计
survive sb.by... 比某人多活……
(2)survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者
例句：If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small.
如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。
The ceremony is a survival from pre Christian times.
这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。
If cancers are spotted/discovered early，there's a high chance of survival.
如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①She survived her husband ________ twenty years.
②Life became a struggle for __________(survive).
③Luckily，most of the passengers ________(survive)the terrible accident.
④Millions of people survive________ a very limited diet.
【答案】by survival survived on
intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指
教材原句：In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
【用法】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的
be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do... 打算做……
(3)intention n. 意图，目的；企图
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
have no intention of doing sth.＝have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He went to Paris with the_________ (intend)of learning French.
②He intends his son____________(manage)the company.
③I _____________(intend)to do it，but I'm sorry I forgot.
④This is a new book____________(intend)for little children.
【答案】intention to manage had intended intended
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
教材原句：When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
例句：In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。
Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend. 玛西娅把他称为好朋友。
I promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再也不提这事了。
【用法】
(1)refer v. 参考；提到；查阅；涉及
refer...to... 把……提交给……
refer to...as... 把……看作……
(2)reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及； 介绍信，介绍人
in/with reference to 关于
reference book 参考书；工具书
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He made no__________(refer)to his illness but only to his future plans.
②He __________(refer)to as a living Lei Feng.
③The question referred_________ at the meeting is hard to answer.
④I have nothing to say _________reference to that case.
【答案】 reference is referred to in/with
trail n.试验；审判
教材原句：However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited． 然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
【用法】
(1)trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi.& vt.测试，试验
be on trial 正在受审
stand/go on trial 受到审判
on trial 在试验/测试中
trial and error 反复试验
例句：She agreed to employ me for a trial period. 她同意试用我一段时间。
We had the machine on trial for a week. 这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Now he is _________trial for his life.
②She will go_________ trial for murder.
③Children learn to use computer by trial_________error.
【答案】on on and
(2)limited adj.有限的
例句：The amount of money we have is limited.我们拥有的那笔钱是有限的。
Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses. 电影业对女演员来说机会有限。
【用法】
(1)limit vt. 限制 n．[C] 限度，限制
limit...to... 把……限定在……
be limited to 局限于……
there is a limit to... ……是有限度的
(2)limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的
(3)limitation n. 限制；局限
【运用】
单句语法填空
①We are doing our best with the__________(limit)resources available.
②The teacher limited his students _________500 words for their compositions.
③There is __________ limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④Families____________(limit)to three free tickets each.
【答案】 limited; to ; a; are limited
5.container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
教材原句：When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；控制，克制
contain oneself 克制自己
例句：Do not fill the container more than two thirds full. 加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。
This container can hold a can of fruit. 这个容器能装一罐水果。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain ____________(he).
②I don't know how much oil is in this old__________(contain).
③The girl went to pick up the bag__________(contain)much money.
④Our school lecture hall ___________(contain)1，000 people.
【答案】himself; container; containing; contains
【辨析】contain，include
contain 表示包含所含之物的全部，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。另外，contain还有“克制，抑制”之意。
include 意为“包含；包括……在内；计入，算入”，指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，在句中常构成分词短语sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。
【运用】
用contain，include进行填空。
①This little book____________all the information that you need.
②I have to prepare food for seven people _________me.
【答案】contains including
6.speed up (使)加速
教材原句：To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a speed of... 以……的速度
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
pick up speed 加速
例句：You notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.你注意到你的呼吸已加快了一点。
This system helps speed up access times. 这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Once outside the station，the train began to speed_________．
②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling _______ high speed.
③This flight is now heading for Paris at ______ speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.
④Many countries are faced with the problem how to speed ________ economic development.
【答案】up; at; a; up
7.pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
教材原句：The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
【用法】
pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清
pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay back 还钱；报复
例句：It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. 那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。
They doubted whether all this work would pay off. 他们怀疑这样干是否划得来。
Their efforts paid off in the end. 他们的努力最终有了回报。
【注意】
pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The efforts made by Jack and his parents ________(pay)off.
②Can you lend me some money？I'll pay you_______ on Friday.
③At last，the young people's hard work ________(pay)off.
④The couple were happy to know that their son's debt __________(pay)off.
【答案】paid; back; paid; had been paid
8.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
教材原句：Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
【用法】
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益，对……有用
(2)benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处
benefit from/by 得益于，得利于
be of benefit to 对……有利
for sb.'s benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益
例句：To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air. 在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。
Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.
在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。
Water is beneficial to both plants and animals. 水对植物和动物都有益。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Your advice is very_________(benefit)to me.
②You must study hard________ the benefit of your own.
③This is an agreement which is great benefit to both parties.
④Both sides have benefited__________ the talks.
【答案】 beneficial; for; of ; from/by
9.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
教材原句：He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
【用法】
(1)surround sb./sth.(with...) (以……)围绕，包围
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
例句：The original builders surrounded the city with a wall. 最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。
To some，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
The coach was surrounded by/with a group of players. 一群运动员围着教练。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①___________(surround)by beautiful rivers，the country has attracted a lot of visitors.
②The policemen decided to search the_____________(surround)area.
③When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself _____________ (surround)by his students.
④There are a lot of fans____________(surround)the young star over there.
【答案】 Surrounded surrounding surrounded surrounding
9.by accident 偶然，意外地
教材原句：One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.
有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上，这远非事实。
【用法】
by accident＝by chance 偶然；无意中；不小心
by design＝on purpose 故意地
例句：As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。
Success in life doesn't happen by accident. 生活的成功并不是偶然发生的。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①I can't find my book.Someone may have taken it ______mistake.
②Your words sound as if I did it _________ design!
③It was __________accident that I met one of my old friends in the street.
④He did it __________ purpose，knowing it would annoy her.
【答案】by by by on
10.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
教材原句：As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易斯·巴斯德所说：“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
【用法】
(1)in favour of 支持，赞同
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙
(2)favourable adj. 给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
例句：I'll ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favour. 我要请史蒂夫接受。他欠我一个人情。
The man asked me to do him a favour the other day. 不久前的一天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。
Are you in favour of the decision 你支持这个决定吗？
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The terms of the agreement are ___________(favour)to both sides.
②The exchange rate is______ our favour at the moment.
③Most people are in favour__________ bringing down the housing prices.
【答案】favourable; in; of
11.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
教材原句：When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key.
当雷雨来临时，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
【用法】
in charge of 主管；负责；掌管
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge 在某人的掌管下；由某人管理
take charge of 负责；掌管；接管
charge sb.with sth./doing sth. 控告某人犯某罪；指责某人做某事
charge...for... 就……向某人索取……费用
例句：How much do you charge a room with a bath 一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
The restaurant charged ￡ 20 for dinner. 这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He was charged with___________(steal)a car last week.
②He charged me 50 yuan ________ repairing the mobile phone.
③The company is in the charge________ Miss Green.
④He was charged _________murder.
【答案】 stealing; for; of; with
12.involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加
教材原句：I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？” 我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”
【用法】
involve sb.in(doing)sth.(使)某人参与(做)某事
be involved in 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入；专心地(做)
be involved with 涉及
become involved in 卷入，陷入
get involved with 给……缠住
例句：Many of the crimes involved drugs.许多罪案都与毒品有关。
There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。
How many vehicles were involved in the crash 这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？
【运用】
单句语法填空
①What kind of organizations will be involved in ___________(set)up these projects
②He____________(involve)in reading the novel all morning.
③There was a lot of work ______________(involve)in setting up the festival.
④Parents should involve themselves__________ their children's education.
【答案】setting; was involved; involved; in
13,let sb.down 使某人失望
教材原句：Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。
【用法】
let off 排放；不惩罚，宽恕
let out 泄露；发出叫声
let sb.alone 不要管某人，不打扰某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let in 让……进来
例句：We'll try our best to do it well.We don't want to let him down.
我们会尽全力做好这件事。我们不想让他失望。
Don't worry.Xiao，I won't let you down. 不要担心。肖，我不会让你失望的。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①I'll let him ________ this time but next time he'll be punished.
②I'm counting on you to make it—don't let me ________．
③It remains unknown who let ________the secret.
④When my father is upset，he would rather we let him ________．
【答案】off down out alone
14.ignorance n．无知
教材原句：The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance.科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定。而这种经历是十分重要的。
例句：They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。
I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
【用法】
(1)be in ignorance of sth. 不知某事；对某事不了解
(2)ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
(3)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Sometimes children do dangerous things out of_________ (ignore).
②We are ignorant ___________ your plan.
③The singer held his head and walked past,__________(ignore)his fans.
④She ____________(ignore)him and carried on with her work.
【答案】 ignorance; of/about; ignoring; ignored
15.take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
教材原句：Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
【用法】
take...seriously 认真对待……
take one's time 不用急，慢慢来
take pride in 以……自豪
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take charge of 负责，掌管
take advantage of 利用
例句：I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。
He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He began to take science _________ (serious)only when he did some research in farming.
②We take it for ___________(grant)that everyone should have the chance to be educated.
③I'm going to take advantage _________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
④We take pride __________ offering you the highest standards.
【答案】seriously; granted; of; in
16.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证
教材原句：Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。
【用法】
(1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit(doing)sth. 允许(做)某事
(2)permission n. 允许；许可；同意
ask sb.for permission＝ask permission from sb.请求某人许可
with/without(one's)permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
例句：No one is permitted to go into the building at present. 现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。
Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime，if the weather permits. 如果天气允许，午饭时尽量出去散散步。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The rules of the club don't permit____________(smoke).
②We asked him for __________(permit)to use the car.
③Smoking is not ___________(permit)in the cinema.
④You are not allowed to camp here without ___________(permit).
【答案】smoking;; permission; permitted; permission
17.It is our responsibility as scientist，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom... 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
(1)responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务
【用法】
(1)take/have responsibility for 对……负责
a sense of responsibility 一种责任感
(2)responsible adj. 负责任的，对……负责的
be responsible for 对……负责
例句：Childhood activities help a child develop a sense of responsibility.
儿童时期的活动有助于培养孩子的责任感。
No one admitted responsibility for the attacks. 没有人对这些袭击负责。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①You have ___________(responsible)for clearing up the classroom after class.
②It is their responsibility __________(ensure)that the rules are carried out.
③She feels a strong sense ________responsibility towards her employees.
④He takes the view that children are responsible __________ their own actions.
【答案】responsibility; to ensure; of ； for
18.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
例句：The government has declared a state of emergency.政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
The area has been declared a national park. 该地区已宣布为国家公园。
He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称他已爱上了她。
【用法】
declare war(on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sb./sth.(as/to be)＋n./adj. 宣布某人/物为
declare sth./that... 宣布……
declare for/against...赞成/反对……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……
【运用】
单句语法填空
①They declared him ___________(be)the winner.
②The government has declared war __________ drug dealers.
③It ___________(declare)that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather.
④The doctor finally ____________(declare)that the woman was dead.
【答案】to be; on/against; was declared; declared
知识点02 重点句型
It was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu after many failed experiments.
【句式分析】
本句是It is/was.......that.......强调句，其中也包含了not until句式，表示“直到........才........”
两个句式的组合可以使得句子更加高级。
①It was not until 1974 that his ability to write gelled again. 直到1974年，他的写作才华才又得以发挥。
②It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation. 到桂林一看，果然名不虚传。
【跟踪典例】
①直到那时我才注意到那个男孩什么也看不见。______________________________________
②直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。____________________________________________
【答案】
①It was not until then that I noticed the boy could see nothing.
②It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.
Without her sufficient knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.
【句式分析】
本句是without引起的含蓄虚拟句，表示“如果没有........就可能会........”, 句子中使用的是would have done的虚拟时态，表示对过去发生情况的虚拟。
① Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告，我想必已失败了。
② Without [But for] you, our project wouldn't have succeeded. 如果没有你的话，我们的计划就无法成功了。
【跟踪典例】
① Without your reasonable advice, I ___________（not finish） my paper excellently.
②___________________, we wouldn't have finished the task on time.
【答案】
①wouldn't have fininshed
②Without your help
3.If he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock.
【句式分析】
本句是if引导的虚拟语气句，表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式，从句用一般过去时。如果是对将来情况的虚拟，主句用would+do形式，从句用should+do形式。
① If I had got there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
② If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
【跟踪典例】
①如果我是你，我就会加入他们。
②如果他昨天知道你的地址，他可能已经打电话给你了。
【答案】
① If I were you，I would join them.
② If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.
We scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
【句式分析】
本句是take it for granted that引导的固定句式，表示“认为...........理所当然”，that后面跟一个完整的句子。
① I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然地认为，你回来跟他谈这件事的。
② I take it for granted that they have arrived there already. 我还以为他们已经到这儿了。
【跟踪典例】
①我认为我们应该努力工作，这是理所当然的。
②我们认为知识进展迅速是理所当然的。
【答案】
①I take it for granted that we should work hard.
②We take it for granted that knowledge advances rapidly.
一．语法精讲——动词 ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
（一）动词-ed形式作定语
及物动词的 ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的 ed形式仅仅表示完成。
1．前置定语：单个的动词的 ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
He is a respected teacher in our school.在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。
2．后置定语：动词的 ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。
This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
【注意】
(1)如果被修饰词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的动词的 ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词的 ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(3)动词的 ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。
The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be of great value to us.
获得的经验将对我们很有价值。
The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted.
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
单句语法填空
①Because of pollution，the caught(catch)fish were not fit to eat.
②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students.
③The book, written(write)by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people.
④Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting
（二）动词-ed形式作状语
动词 ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词 ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。
1．作时间状语。
When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．
当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。
2．作原因状语。
Praised in class，Anne felt happy.在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。
3．作条件状语。
If taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effects.如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
4．作伴随状语。
The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.
老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
【注意】
动词 ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。
单句语法填空
①Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star.
②Approached(approach)in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
③The lady returned home, followed(follow)by Holmes.
（三）动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾补的多是及物动词的 ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1．以下两类动词后可接动词的 ed形式作宾补：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。
①I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He found his purse lost.他发现他的钱包丢了。
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。
2．动词的 ed形式作宾补表示的意义。
(1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。
(2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。
【注意】
1.使役动词have接动词的 ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况：
(1)动词的 ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)
(2)动词的 ed形式表示句子主语的经历。
He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历)
2．在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的 ed形式作宾补。
With this sum added，we will have enough money for the trip.
如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。
【过关巩固】
写出下列句中动词 ed形式的作用
①We should drink boiled water. 前置定语
②A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.后置定语
③Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball.时间状语
④Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room.原因状语
⑤Given another chance，he will do it better.条件状语
⑥ The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.伴随状语
⑦We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.宾语补足语
⑧ With all the work done，we went to play basketball. 宾语补足语
【能力提升】
完成句子
①村民们那时种了很多树。
The villagers had many trees planted then.
②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完
However tired I am，I must get the work finished．
③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
She still couldn't make herself understood in English.
④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
二．写作训练——校园科技节介绍
假定你是李华,你校昨天举行了年度校园“科技节”(Science& Technology Festival)。请根据以下提示写一篇新闻报道, 给校英语报投稿。内容包括:
1.活动内容;
2. 你的感想。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【答案】
Science and Technology Festival
Our school held the annual Science Technology Festival yesterday and I found it to be a hugely rewarding experience.
Activities included technological knowledge quizzes,student research exhibitions and advanced technology lectures. My classmates and I really enjoyed the activities and deeply appreciated the efforts of the organizers. I took part in the"Create Your Own Robot" competition, which was a great learning opportunity. The hands-on experience really helped me to better understand the theory behind robots.
Thanks to the festival, I have a much clearer understanding of technology and its applications than before. It has motivated me to focus on science as a career, and hopefully make a meaningful contribution to our society.
To sum up, it was a meaningful activity. I can't wait for the next festival to come.Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (必修第三册)
Unit4 话题 科学家和科学成就
词汇 1.survive v．生存；幸存；比……活的时间长 -----survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物-----survivor n．幸存者 2.intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指 ------intention n．打算，计划 n. 意图，目的；企图 ------intended adj. 打算的；计划的 3.refer v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及 -----reference n.参考，查阅；提到，谈及 4.limited adj.有限的 ----limitless adj. 无限制的----imitation n. 限制；局限 5.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 ---benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处 6.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 ------surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的-----surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 7.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 -----in favour of 支持，赞同 8.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 9. involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 -------involvement n.涉及 10.ignorance n．无知------ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会 --------ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 11.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证 -----permission n. 允许；许可；同意 12.responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 -------responsible adj.负责任的，对……负责的 13.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布 -----declaration n. 宣告
短语 1. put........... at risk 把..........置于危险之中 2. be involved in....... 涉及到.......... 3. put another way 换句话说 4. devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 5. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 6. to the credit of sth. 使……值得赞扬，使……受尊重 7. let sb down 让某人失望 8. all sorts of things 各种事情 9. as to 至于，关于 10. take it for granted that ... 认为……理所当然 11. leave room for 为……留下空间 12. speed up 加速 13. pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 14. by accident 偶然，意外地 15. be charged with........被指责.......... 16. declare for/against...赞成/反对…… 17. take/have responsibility for对……负责 18. be responsible for 对……负责 19. with/without permission得到/未经允许 20. be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
句型 It was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu after many failed experiments. Without her sufficient knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. If he had really done it, he he would have received a deadly electric shock. We scientists take it foe granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
语法 动词 ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
写作 校园科技节介绍
知识点01 重点词汇
1.survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
教材原句：Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。
【用法】
(1)survive vt.& vi.生还；残存；比……活的时间长
survive on... 仅靠……维持生计
survive sb.by... 比某人多活……
(2)survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者
例句：If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small.
如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。
The ceremony is a survival from pre Christian times.
这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。
If cancers are spotted/discovered early，there's a high chance of survival.
如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①She survived her husband ________ twenty years.
②Life became a struggle for __________(survive).
③Luckily，most of the passengers ________(survive)the terrible accident.
④Millions of people survive________ a very limited diet.
intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指
教材原句：In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
【用法】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的
be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do... 打算做……
(3)intention n. 意图，目的；企图
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
have no intention of doing sth.＝have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He went to Paris with the_________ (intend)of learning French.
②He intends his son____________(manage)the company.
③I _____________(intend)to do it，but I'm sorry I forgot.
④This is a new book____________(intend)for little children.
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
教材原句：When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
例句：In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。
Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend. 玛西娅把他称为好朋友。
I promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再也不提这事了。
【用法】
(1)refer v. 参考；提到；查阅；涉及
refer...to... 把……提交给……
refer to...as... 把……看作……
(2)reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及； 介绍信，介绍人
in/with reference to 关于
reference book 参考书；工具书
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He made no__________(refer)to his illness but only to his future plans.
②He __________(refer)to as a living Lei Feng.
③The question referred_________ at the meeting is hard to answer.
④I have nothing to say _________reference to that case.
trail n.试验；审判
教材原句：However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited． 然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
【用法】
(1)trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi.& vt.测试，试验
be on trial 正在受审
stand/go on trial 受到审判
on trial 在试验/测试中
trial and error 反复试验
例句：She agreed to employ me for a trial period. 她同意试用我一段时间。
We had the machine on trial for a week. 这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Now he is _________trial for his life.
②She will go_________ trial for murder.
③Children learn to use computer by trial_________error.
(2)limited adj.有限的
例句：The amount of money we have is limited.我们拥有的那笔钱是有限的。
Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses. 电影业对女演员来说机会有限。
【用法】
(1)limit vt. 限制 n．[C] 限度，限制
limit...to... 把……限定在……
be limited to 局限于……
there is a limit to... ……是有限度的
(2)limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的
(3)limitation n. 限制；局限
【运用】
单句语法填空
①We are doing our best with the__________(limit)resources available.
②The teacher limited his students _________500 words for their compositions.
③There is __________ limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④Families____________(limit)to three free tickets each.
5.container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
教材原句：When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；控制，克制
contain oneself 克制自己
例句：Do not fill the container more than two thirds full. 加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。
This container can hold a can of fruit. 这个容器能装一罐水果。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain ____________(he).
②I don't know how much oil is in this old__________(contain).
③The girl went to pick up the bag__________(contain)much money.
④Our school lecture hall ___________(contain)1，000 people.
【辨析】contain，include
contain 表示包含所含之物的全部，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。另外，contain还有“克制，抑制”之意。
include 意为“包含；包括……在内；计入，算入”，指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，在句中常构成分词短语sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。
【运用】
用contain，include进行填空。
①This little book____________all the information that you need.
②I have to prepare food for seven people _________me.
6.speed up (使)加速
教材原句：To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a speed of... 以……的速度
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
pick up speed 加速
例句：You notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.你注意到你的呼吸已加快了一点。
This system helps speed up access times. 这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Once outside the station，the train began to speed_________．
②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling _______ high speed.
③This flight is now heading for Paris at ______ speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.
④Many countries are faced with the problem how to speed ________ economic development.
7.pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
教材原句：The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
【用法】
pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清
pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay back 还钱；报复
例句：It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. 那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。
They doubted whether all this work would pay off. 他们怀疑这样干是否划得来。
Their efforts paid off in the end. 他们的努力最终有了回报。
【注意】
pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The efforts made by Jack and his parents ________(pay)off.
②Can you lend me some money？I'll pay you_______ on Friday.
③At last，the young people's hard work ________(pay)off.
④The couple were happy to know that their son's debt __________(pay)off.
8.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
教材原句：Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
【用法】
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益，对……有用
(2)benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处
benefit from/by 得益于，得利于
be of benefit to 对……有利
for sb.'s benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益
例句：To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air. 在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。
Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.
在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。
Water is beneficial to both plants and animals. 水对植物和动物都有益。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Your advice is very_________(benefit)to me.
②You must study hard________ the benefit of your own.
③This is an agreement which is great benefit to both parties.
④Both sides have benefited__________ the talks.
9.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
教材原句：He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
【用法】
(1)surround sb./sth.(with...) (以……)围绕，包围
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
例句：The original builders surrounded the city with a wall. 最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。
To some，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
The coach was surrounded by/with a group of players. 一群运动员围着教练。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①___________(surround)by beautiful rivers，the country has attracted a lot of visitors.
②The policemen decided to search the_____________(surround)area.
③When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself _____________ (surround)by his students.
④There are a lot of fans____________(surround)the young star over there.
9.by accident 偶然，意外地
教材原句：One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.
有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上，这远非事实。
【用法】
by accident＝by chance 偶然；无意中；不小心
by design＝on purpose 故意地
例句：As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。
Success in life doesn't happen by accident. 生活的成功并不是偶然发生的。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①I can't find my book.Someone may have taken it ______mistake.
②Your words sound as if I did it _________ design!
③It was __________accident that I met one of my old friends in the street.
④He did it __________ purpose，knowing it would annoy her.
10.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
教材原句：As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易斯·巴斯德所说：“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
【用法】
(1)in favour of 支持，赞同
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙
(2)favourable adj. 给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
例句：I'll ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favour. 我要请史蒂夫接受。他欠我一个人情。
The man asked me to do him a favour the other day. 不久前的一天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。
Are you in favour of the decision 你支持这个决定吗？
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The terms of the agreement are ___________(favour)to both sides.
②The exchange rate is______ our favour at the moment.
③Most people are in favour__________ bringing down the housing prices.
11.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
教材原句：When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key.
当雷雨来临时，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
【用法】
in charge of 主管；负责；掌管
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge 在某人的掌管下；由某人管理
take charge of 负责；掌管；接管
charge sb.with sth./doing sth. 控告某人犯某罪；指责某人做某事
charge...for... 就……向某人索取……费用
例句：How much do you charge a room with a bath 一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
The restaurant charged ￡ 20 for dinner. 这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He was charged with___________(steal)a car last week.
②He charged me 50 yuan ________ repairing the mobile phone.
③The company is in the charge________ Miss Green.
④He was charged _________murder.
12.involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加
教材原句：I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？” 我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”
【用法】
involve sb.in(doing)sth.(使)某人参与(做)某事
be involved in 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入；专心地(做)
be involved with 涉及
become involved in 卷入，陷入
get involved with 给……缠住
例句：Many of the crimes involved drugs.许多罪案都与毒品有关。
There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。
How many vehicles were involved in the crash 这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？
【运用】
单句语法填空
①What kind of organizations will be involved in ___________(set)up these projects
②He____________(involve)in reading the novel all morning.
③There was a lot of work ______________(involve)in setting up the festival.
④Parents should involve themselves__________ their children's education.
13,let sb.down 使某人失望
教材原句：Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。
【用法】
let off 排放；不惩罚，宽恕
let out 泄露；发出叫声
let sb.alone 不要管某人，不打扰某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let in 让……进来
例句：We'll try our best to do it well.We don't want to let him down.
我们会尽全力做好这件事。我们不想让他失望。
Don't worry.Xiao，I won't let you down. 不要担心。肖，我不会让你失望的。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①I'll let him ________ this time but next time he'll be punished.
②I'm counting on you to make it—don't let me ________．
③It remains unknown who let ________the secret.
④When my father is upset，he would rather we let him ________．
14.ignorance n．无知
教材原句：The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance.科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定。而这种经历是十分重要的。
例句：They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。
I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
【用法】
(1)be in ignorance of sth. 不知某事；对某事不了解
(2)ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
(3)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
【运用】
单句语法填空
①Sometimes children do dangerous things out of_________ (ignore).
②We are ignorant ___________ your plan.
③The singer held his head and walked past,__________(ignore)his fans.
④She ____________(ignore)him and carried on with her work.
15.take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
教材原句：Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
【用法】
take...seriously 认真对待……
take one's time 不用急，慢慢来
take pride in 以……自豪
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take charge of 负责，掌管
take advantage of 利用
例句：I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。
He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①He began to take science _________ (serious)only when he did some research in farming.
②We take it for ___________(grant)that everyone should have the chance to be educated.
③I'm going to take advantage _________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
④We take pride __________ offering you the highest standards.
16.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证
教材原句：Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。
【用法】
(1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit(doing)sth. 允许(做)某事
(2)permission n. 允许；许可；同意
ask sb.for permission＝ask permission from sb.请求某人许可
with/without(one's)permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
例句：No one is permitted to go into the building at present. 现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。
Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime，if the weather permits. 如果天气允许，午饭时尽量出去散散步。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①The rules of the club don't permit____________(smoke).
②We asked him for __________(permit)to use the car.
③Smoking is not ___________(permit)in the cinema.
④You are not allowed to camp here without ___________(permit).
17.It is our responsibility as scientist，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom... 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
(1)responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务
【用法】
(1)take/have responsibility for 对……负责
a sense of responsibility 一种责任感
(2)responsible adj. 负责任的，对……负责的
be responsible for 对……负责
例句：Childhood activities help a child develop a sense of responsibility.
儿童时期的活动有助于培养孩子的责任感。
No one admitted responsibility for the attacks. 没有人对这些袭击负责。
【运用】
单句语法填空
①You have ___________(responsible)for clearing up the classroom after class.
②It is their responsibility __________(ensure)that the rules are carried out.
③She feels a strong sense ________responsibility towards her employees.
④He takes the view that children are responsible __________ their own actions.
18.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
例句：The government has declared a state of emergency.政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
The area has been declared a national park. 该地区已宣布为国家公园。
He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称他已爱上了她。
【用法】
declare war(on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sb./sth.(as/to be)＋n./adj. 宣布某人/物为
declare sth./that... 宣布……
declare for/against...赞成/反对……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……
【运用】
单句语法填空
①They declared him ___________(be)the winner.
②The government has declared war __________ drug dealers.
③It ___________(declare)that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather.
④The doctor finally ____________(declare)that the woman was dead.
知识点02 重点句型
It was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu after many failed experiments.
【句式分析】
本句是It is/was.......that.......强调句，其中也包含了not until句式，表示“直到........才........”
两个句式的组合可以使得句子更加高级。
①It was not until 1974 that his ability to write gelled again. 直到1974年，他的写作才华才又得以发挥。
②It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation. 到桂林一看，果然名不虚传。
【跟踪典例】
①直到那时我才注意到那个男孩什么也看不见。______________________________________
②直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。____________________________________________
Without her sufficient knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.
【句式分析】
本句是without引起的含蓄虚拟句，表示“如果没有........就可能会........”, 句子中使用的是would have done的虚拟时态，表示对过去发生情况的虚拟。
① Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告，我想必已失败了。
② Without [But for] you, our project wouldn't have succeeded. 如果没有你的话，我们的计划就无法成功了。
【跟踪典例】
① Without your reasonable advice, I ___________（not finish） my paper excellently.
②___________________, we wouldn't have finished the task on time.
3.If he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock.
【句式分析】
本句是if引导的虚拟语气句，表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式，从句用一般过去时。如果是对将来情况的虚拟，主句用would+do形式，从句用should+do形式。
① If I had got there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
② If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
【跟踪典例】
①如果我是你，我就会加入他们。
②如果他昨天知道你的地址，他可能已经打电话给你了。
We scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
【句式分析】
本句是take it for granted that引导的固定句式，表示“认为...........理所当然”，that后面跟一个完整的句子。
① I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然地认为，你回来跟他谈这件事的。
② I take it for granted that they have arrived there already. 我还以为他们已经到这儿了。
【跟踪典例】
①我认为我们应该努力工作，这是理所当然的。
②我们认为知识进展迅速是理所当然的。
一．语法精讲——动词 ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
（一）动词-ed形式作定语
及物动词的 ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的 ed形式仅仅表示完成。
1．前置定语：单个的动词的 ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
He is a respected teacher in our school.在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。
2．后置定语：动词的 ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。
This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
【注意】
(1)如果被修饰词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的动词的 ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词的 ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(3)动词的 ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。
The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be of great value to us.
获得的经验将对我们很有价值。
The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted.
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
单句语法填空
①Because of pollution，the caught(catch)fish were not fit to eat.
②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students.
③The book, written(write)by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people.
④Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting
（二）动词-ed形式作状语
动词 ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词 ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。
1．作时间状语。
When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．
当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。
2．作原因状语。
Praised in class，Anne felt happy.在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。
3．作条件状语。
If taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effects.如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
4．作伴随状语。
The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.
老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
【注意】
动词 ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。
单句语法填空
①Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star.
②Approached(approach)in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
③The lady returned home, followed(follow)by Holmes.
（三）动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾补的多是及物动词的 ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1．以下两类动词后可接动词的 ed形式作宾补：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。
①I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He found his purse lost.他发现他的钱包丢了。
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。
2．动词的 ed形式作宾补表示的意义。
(1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。
(2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。
【注意】
1.使役动词have接动词的 ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况：
(1)动词的 ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)
(2)动词的 ed形式表示句子主语的经历。
He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历)
2．在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的 ed形式作宾补。
With this sum added，we will have enough money for the trip.
如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。
【过关巩固】
写出下列句中动词 ed形式的作用
①We should drink boiled water.
②A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.
③Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball.
④Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room.
⑤Given another chance，he will do it better.
⑥ The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.
⑦We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.
⑧ With all the work done，we went to play basketball.
【能力提升】
完成句子
①村民们那时种了很多树。
The villagers_________________ then.
②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完
However tired I am，I must _______________________．
③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
She still couldn't ________________ in English.
④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
She __________________________ by policemen.
二．写作训练——校园科技节介绍
假定你是李华,你校昨天举行了年度校园“科技节”(Science& Technology Festival)。请根据以下提示写一篇新闻报道, 给校英语报投稿。内容包括:
1.活动内容;
2. 你的感想。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
