The Skills of Rational Cloze（语法填空技巧）
By Melisa Zhang
I.Teaching aims
1.Introduce some useful skills of the rational cloze.
2.Aim to improve the students’ skills of filling in the blanks.
II. Teaching steps
Step 1. Lead in
1.Watch an episode (片段) of Kungfu Panda 3
2. Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets.
Master：As I hoped when I sent the message to _______(you) father.
Po: You _______ (send) the universe mail Whoa.
Master : Yes. Because the universe needed you.
Po: Me
Master: You _________ (final) became the panda you were always _________(mean) to be.
Po: But how’d you know I could
Master: _______the first day we _______(meet), I saw _______future of Kungfu and the past. I saw the Panda ________could unite them both. That is ________I chose you, Po. Both ______(side) of a Yin and Yang and my true _________(succeed).
Step2. 方法指导 -------“放大招”之有提示词 （动词，名词，形容词）
1. 给动词时，首先，分析是填动词（谓语动词, 非谓语动词 ）还是名词或形容词.
1）给动词时，若横线处不填动词，应考虑名词或形容词.
① The medicine had many side effects, which proved the ______ was harmful. Therefore, the factory reduced _______ of the medicine. (produce)
② Mary was too _________ to tell her family the ________ scene.(frighten)
归纳①横线处用作主语，宾语或横线前有形容词，物主代词，指示代词，冠词等限定词时应填_________词
②若横线位于be动词后,系动词后或名词前，应填_________词.
2) 给动词时，若横线处应填动词,应考虑填谓语动词还是非谓语动词
① Jack said the employee _________________(work) at the restaurant in Alaska for two years.
② I can still remember I _______________(punish)by my dad because I stole my father’s money.
③ There_______(be) ice cream and sweets shops.
④ We must practise speaking and _____________( write) the language whenever we can.
⑤ John left his town ______ (work) in the big city.
⑥ I got the gift __________ (buy) by my father.
归纳: ① 若句中缺少谓语动词，则所给动词为谓语动词，应考虑_______ ______ 和_________三种形式.
②若句中有谓语动词，应考虑横线处是做_________谓语还是_________谓语。
③若横线处不做谓语，则应做非谓语，考虑______________, ___________,__________三种形式。
V-ing表________,或_________或作为_______，常放在动词或介词后做_______或放句首做______.
V-ed形式表________或_________通常在句中做后置定语或状语.
To do形式表________或_______，也作__________状语或_________状语.
2.词类转换： 形、副、动、名等转换
1）给出动词
① On December 10th, the ______ (die) of the boy in the fire shocked his mother.
②Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them with __________(patient).
③ My first ____________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
④ Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for ___________(survive) in an earthquake.
归纳：横线处用作主语，宾语或横线前有形容词，物主代词，指示代词，冠词等限定词时应填__________
2）给动词或形容词
① This gave him a _________(value) reason about the cause of the disease.
② She said she was hungry after a whole _______ (tire) day.
③ They seemed to be too nervous and were too __________(anxiety) to leave.
④ He was _________ (bad) hurt by what she said, so he looked unhappy all the day.
⑤ Many countries are trying to think__________(serious) about the ways to improve our environment.
⑥ The problem seems much ________（ easy）than we all expect.
归纳：①横线放在be动词或系动词后.或放名词前修饰名词时应填________,若有than一类词,应填_______.②若修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，则横线处应填__________;
Step3 小试牛刀
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 1. _____（build）by the Pueblo Indians are admired by even
2. ___most modern architects. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3. ________(able) to “air condition” a house without 4. ________( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out the heat 5._____ ____(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6.____ _____ (cool) the house during the hot day;7._ _______ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8. _______(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 9. _______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10. _______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
Step4假设你是命题人
请从以下两篇文章中选择一篇段来命制10空的语法填空，7处有提示词，3处无提示词
要求：思考哪些词设为空格？若有提示词，给出什么提示词？
Florence
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\NSE\\NSE-SH3\\Template\\Normal\\temp3.html ) the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\NSE\\NSE-SH3\\Template\\Normal\\temp3.html ) and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\NSE\\NSE-SH3\\Template\\Normal\\temp3.html ) in the city.
（2）Venice
Venice in Italy is situated on a hundred small islands and it was chosen because it is the most romantic Europe city. It is unique because of its beautiful canals and bridges. New Married honeymoon couples love to go for a ride in a gondola(平底船)，the famous boat which is the symbol of Venice.
In the past, Venice was an important port. Marco Polo left from there when he travelled to China in 1271.It was also a great artistic centre during the Renaissance.
Step5 Summary
What have we learnt in this lesson
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Step6 Homework
请将以上文章中另一篇命制成一则语法填空题(10空)。
附：
I.“解题四步走”口诀
一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；
二步开始填答案，容易做的先做完；
难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；
四步复读很关键，保证全文意连贯。
II.英文翻译赏析
做人凡事要静，静静来，静静去，静静努力，静静收获，切忌喧哗（亦舒）You should carry yourself quietly in everything, making your appearance quietly and retiring from the stage quietly, taking pains quietly and making gains quietly. Hype noise in anything is unnecessary.
懂得选择，学会放弃，耐得住寂寞，经得起诱惑。
Learn to choose, to forsake, to endure loneliness, to resist temptation.
生活不能等待别人来安排, 要自己去争取和奋斗;而不论其结果是喜是悲,但可以慰藉的是,你总不枉在这世界上活了一场。(路遥《平凡的世界》) Life is not to wait, but to strive and achieve. Whatever the result, favorable or unfavorable, it’s comforting that you have lived a life of your own.
把回想留给未来吧。就像把梦留给海，把风留给夜海上的帆。（顾城）Reflection is for the future, just as dream is for the sea and wind is for the sail on the night ocean.
PAGE
3(共30张PPT)
语法填空解题技巧
I. Teaching contents:
The skills of rational cloze.
II. Teaching aims
To know how to do the rational cloze.
III. Teaching steps:
Step 1. Lead in
Step 2. Guide of skills
Step 3. Presentation
Step 4. Summary
Step 5. Homework
PANDA
Kung Fu
3
Master：As I hoped when I sent the message to your father.
Po: You sent the universe mail Whoa.
Master : Yes. Because the universe needed you.
Po: Me
Master: You finally became the panda you were always meant to be.
Po: But how’d you know I could
Master: On the first day we met, I saw the future of Kungfu and the past. I saw the Panda who could unite them both. That is why I chose you, Po. Both sides of a Yin and Yang and my true successor.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
语 法
填 空
10
空
___空
(有提示词)
___空
（无提示词）
send ------ sent
mean ------meant
meet ------ met
succeed-----successor
side ------ sides
you ------ your
final ------ finally
动
词
代词
形容词
副词
7
3
the
who /that
on
变
填
冠
代
介
语 法
填 空
名词
连
怎么变 ？
我有妙招
放大招了！！
1. 给出动 词
2. 词类转换（形,副,动,名）
方法指导 之 有提示词 (7空)
要求：1.独立学习“step2方法指导”
2.完成相关习题
1. 给动词时,先分析该填动词(谓语动词, 非谓语动词 )还是名词 或 形容词
1）给动词时，若横线处不填动词,应考虑填名词或形容词.
①The medicine had many side effects, which proved the product was harmful. Therefore, the factory reduced production of the medicine. (produce)
② Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene.(frighten)
归纳
1) 若横线处用作主语,宾语或横线前有限定词时，应填名词或动名词.
2)若横线位于be动词,后系动词后或名词前，应填形容词.
2) 给动词时，若横线处应填动词,应考虑做谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
① Jack said the employee had worked at the restaurant in Alaska for two years.
② I can still remember I was punished by my dad because I stole my father’s money.
③ There are many ice cream and sweets shops.
④ We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.
⑤ John left his town to work in the big city.
⑥ I got the gift bought by my father.
若句中缺少谓语动词,则所给动词为谓语动词,应考虑时态,语态和主谓一致三方面.
若句中有谓语动词,且横线前无连词且横线不在从句内则应做非谓语，考虑V-ing，V-ed和to do 三种形式。
V-ing表主动或进行或作为动名词，常放在动词或介词后做宾语或放句首做主语.
V-ed形式通常表被动或完成,在句中做后置定语或状语
To do形式表主动,将来, 常作目的状语或结果状语.
若句中有谓语动词,还应考虑横线处是否做______谓语或________谓语.
并列
从 句
2. 词类转换： 形、副、动、名等转换
① On December 10th, the death of the boy in the fire shocked his mother. (die)
②Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them with patience. (patient)
③ My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.(impress)
④ Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.(survive)
若横线处用作主语，宾语或 横线前有形容词，物主代词，指示代词，冠词等限定词时应填名词或动名词
① This gave him a valuable reason about the cause of the disease.
② She said she was hungry after a whole tiring day.
③ They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave. (anxiety)
④ He was badly hurt by what she said, so he looked unhappy all the day.
⑤ Many countries are trying to think seriously about the ways to improve our environment. (serious)
⑥ The problem seems much easier than we all expect.
横线放在be动词或系动词后.或放在名词前时应填形容词, 若有than一类词，应填比较级
修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，应填副词.
给动词或形容词
7空
(有提示词)
动词
词类
转换
变
V谓
时态,语态,主谓一致
V非
doing, done, to do
V ----
n /adj. ----
并列谓语/从句谓语
找逻辑主语
n / adj.
v/adj/adv
7空
(有提示词)
动词
词类
转换
变
V ----- n / adj.
V
V谓
时态,语态,主谓一致
V非
doing, done, to do
V ----
V/ adj. ----
n/adj. ----
并列谓语/从句谓语
找逻辑主语
n / adj.
adv.
v/adj/adv
小试牛刀
The adobe dwellings (土坯房)1._______（build）by the Pueblo Indians are admired by even 2._____most modern architects. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3.______(able) to “air condition” a house without 4.______( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out the heat 5._____ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat enough
built
the
ability
using
slowly
“解题四步走”口诀
一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；
二步开始填答案，容易做的先做完；
难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；
四步复读很关键，保证全文意连贯。
6.____ (cool) the house during the hot day;7.____ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8._____ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 9._____ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10.______thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
to cool
At
goes
natural
how
假如你是命题人！
根据短文命制一篇语法填空题(10空)
注意：7空有提示词
3空无提示词
1. 将设为空格的词下划线
2. 提示词写在旁边
Presentation
无提示词（3个）
有提示词
( 7 个）
1. 谓语（时态—语态—主谓一致）
2. 非谓语（doing—done—to do)
3. 词类转换(动—名/形/副）
冠、代、连、介及 连接副词
填
变
考查方式
(7+3)
数一数，学了多少 妙招？
Summary
：
1.给动词时,先分析是填动词，名词 还是形容词.
2. 给动词时，
1)若横线用作主语或宾语或位于限定词后,则填______.
2)若横线位于, be动词系动词后或名词前，则填________.
3. 给动词时,
若填动词, 应考虑填___________或___________.
1) 谓语动词,考虑 ______, ________, __________.
2) 非谓语考虑______, ________, __________三种形式。
4.给名词或形容词-------填形容词/副词
1)若横线前有than一类词，应填_________
2)若修饰动,名，形，副词或句子，应填_______
名词
形容词
时态，语态，主谓一致
doing , to do , done
比较级
副词
谓语动词
非谓语动词.
词类转换
请将The Magic of Mask 的另一段命制 一则语法填空题(10空).
Homework
KUNG FU
PANDA
Thank You
End
PANDA
冠词：
代词：
连词(并列句)：
介词：
引导词(从句)：
连接性副词：
无提示词 (3空)
且听下回分解
把握语意,
分析句子结构
a/an, the.
they, him, our, themselves…
and, but, or…
in, on, to, for…
who, that, what…
however, therefore…
填
2) 给动词时，若横线处应填动词,应考虑做谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
① Jack said the employee had worked at the restaurant in Alaska for two years.
② She was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties.
③ There are many ice cream and sweets shops.
④ We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.
⑤ John left his town to work in the big city.
⑥ I got the gift bought by my father.
若句中缺少谓语动词,则所给动词为谓语动词,应考虑时态,语态和主谓一致三方面.
若句中有谓语动词,且横线前无连词且横线不在从句内则应做非谓语，考虑V-ing，V-ed和to do 三种形式。
V-ing表主动或进行或作为动名词，常放在动词或介词后做宾语或放句首做主语.
V-ed形式通常表被动或完成,在句中做后置定语或状语
To do形式表主动,将来, 常作目的状语或结果状语.
若句中有谓语动词,还应考虑横线处是否做______谓语或________谓语.
并列
从 句
