完形填空说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填 空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说 明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答 案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为
复杂。
预计 2024 年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主， 且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中， 考生 应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言
运用能力。
(
1.
快速弄清文章大意
)
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往
生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
(
2.
弄清楚说明的顺序
)
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
(
3.
把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
)
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻 辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支 持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节
的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
(
4.
注重上下文语境
)
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂， 根据全文大意和
词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
(
典例分析
)
典例一
（2023·江苏南通 · 统考二模） Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child’s behavior. Therefore, parents must 4 behave like the type of person they want their child
to become.
What’s more, a parent’s actions can also 5 the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 6 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, 7 , as they become increasingly influenced by peers
groups standards before they reach 13.
A positive attitude and self- image play an important role when children 8 something unexpected. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a 9 effect on a child’s behavior. Children interact such events according to their established attitudes and 10 training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the 11 of their parents or a parent’s early death. But if children feel
12 , they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or 13 .
In the same way, all children are not influenced 14 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. As in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience
depends on how the child 15 it.
1 ．A ．apologize to B ．approve of C ．attend to D ．allow for
2 ．A ．thoughtful B ．characteristic C ．conscious D ．cautious
3 ．A ．time B ．place C ．way D ．extent
4 ．A ．consistently B ．barely C ．concisely D ．originally
5 ．A ．respond B ．imitate C ．convey D ．affect
6 ．A ．positive B ．complex C ．negative D ．concrete
7 ．A ．however B ．therefore C ．anyhow D ．otherwise
8 ．A ．turn down B ．sort out C ．stick with D ．come across
9 ．A ．uplifting B ．permanent C ．temporary D ．distracting
10 ．A ．intense B ．realistic C ．previous D ．educational
11 ．A ．finance B ．marriage C ．assistance D ．divorce
12 ．A ．isolated B ．attended C ．unloved D ．stressed
13 ．A ．punishment B ．discrimination C ．assessment D ．transformation
14 ．A ．even B ．alike C ．at all D ．as a whole
15 ．A ．interprets B ．anticipates C ．accomplishes D ．maintains
典例二
（2023·山东淄博 · 统考三模） ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16 about
their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks,
such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22 essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question.
A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is
limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16 ．A ．requests B ．concerns C ．emotions D ．doubts
17 ．A ．driven B ．followed C ．inspired D ．entertained
18 ．A ．conflicts B ．challenges C ．interests D ．conversations
19 ．A ．manage B ．control C ．assist D ．accompany
20 ．A ．ability B ．chance C ．responsibility D ．purpose
21 ．A ．consulting B ．reaching C ．introducing D ．counting
22 ．A ．cause B ．return C ．exist D ．generate
23 ．A ．added to B ．connected to C ．devoted to D ．owed to
24 ．A ．determined B ．equipped C ．talented D ．alarmed
25 ．A ．save B ．create C ．choose D ．describe
26 ．A ．cautious B ．untrained C ．familiar D ．experienced
27 ．A ．limitations B ．possibilities C ．requirements D ．advantages
28 ．A ．right B ．suitable C ．specific D ．natural
29 ．A ．approaches B ．responses C ．contribution D ．sensitivity
30 ．A ．notice B ．question C ．feeling D ．awareness
（建议用时：20 分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏 · 统考模拟预测）During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were
eager to earn the business of students. 1 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many
students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the 2 of late payment.
3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. 4 , they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 5 a
low-interest loan.
Poor credit 6 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 7 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course
for teens and young adults.
To make the class as 8 as possible, we asked the students what 9 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them
10 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize
We, educators, can help young people 11 life after graduation, as there are many great 12 and developing our course was 13 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth
organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant 14 . And if my 15 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it’s that no one should have to learn
important financial lessons the hard way.
1 ．A ．Attracted B ．Sponsored C ．Required D ．Dominated
2 ．A ．conditions B ．benefits C ．consequences D ．processes
3 ．A ．Displaying B ．Maintaining C ．Abandoning D ．Lacking
4 ．A ．However B ．Therefore C ．Otherwise D ．Instead
5 ．A ．secure B ．guarantee C ．request D ．settle
6 ．A ．turned B ．guided C ．followed D ．tricked
7 ．A ．independence B ．responsibility C ．achievement D ．identity
8 ．A ．touching B ．surprising C ．engaging D ．inspiring
9 ．A ．words B ．titles C ．courses D ．topics
10 ．A ．posing B ．considering C ．examining D ．tackling
11 ．A ．search for B ．pay for C ．prepare for D ．care for
12 ．A ．questions B ．paths C ．examples D ．resources
13 ．A ．easier B ．cheaper C ．safer D ．stricter
14 ．A ．distance B ．disadvantage C ．point D ．corner
15 ．A ．duties B ．abilities C ．ambitions D ．experiences
2.（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测） Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at
the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask ，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 16 cavemen masks caught crows
and 17 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 18 birds.
“We always knew crows 19 us, but could we show it ” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t
20 to them. But when the 21 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责骂) loudly
and dived at their “ 22 ”. The birds had remembered their 23 !
“Crows are constantly 24 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you,
25 the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 26 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 27 from one another. Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year and 28 that adults
even pass this information to their 29 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 30 work.
16 ．A ．picked out B ．put on C ．searched for D ．taken off
17 ．A ．dropped B ．stepped C ．pressed D ．tied
18 ．A ．unhappy B ．beautiful C ．black D ．rare
19 ．A ．hate B ．attack C ．recognize D ．contact
20 ．A ．wave B ．react C ．reply D ．turn
21 ．A ．friendly B ．unkind C ．different D ．same
22 ．A ．enemies B ．professors C ．owners D ．followers
23 ．A ．clothes B ．faces C ．organs D ．figures
24 ．A ．expecting B ．admiring C ．watching D ．tolerating
25 ．A ．estimating B ．changing C ．restoring D ．worsening
26 ．A ．rigidly B ．automatically C ．abnormally D ．threateningly
27 ．A ．resulted B ．heard C ．learned D ．benefited
28 ．A ．promised B ．identified C ．denied D ．clarified
29 ．A ．young B ．neighbor C ．partners D ．opponents
30 ．A ．wings B ．noses C ．legs D ．brains
3.（2023·山东潍坊 · 统考模拟预测）Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer, I felt much more 31 expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 32 . Strangely, I found that the feelings of 33 to be perfectly tolerable; 34 , I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy. A slight change of 35 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured that I’d be 36 for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 37 . I was experiencing
anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more 38 .
You might have 39 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of
senior colleagues. And the more you try to 40 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 41 . Jamie Whitehouse, a research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 42 , leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 43 . If so, then we need not try so hard to
44 a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 45 .
31 ．A ．anxious B ．comfortable C ．cautious D ．hesitant
32 ．A ．exam room B ．video call C ．stage center D ．teacher’s desk
33 ．A ．burden B ．loneliness C ．conflict D ．anxiety
34 ．A ．besides B ．instead C ．therefore D ．otherwise
35 ．A ．voice B ．appearance C ．attitude D ．routine
36 ．A ．paused B ．rejected C ．assessed D ．warned
37 ．A ．knowledge B ．experience C ．process D ．confidence
38 ．A ．astonishing B ．terrifying C ．pressing D ．confusing
39 ．A ．noticed B ．refreshed C ．mentioned D ．supposed
40 ．A ．permit B ．declare C ．hide D ．deserve
41 ．A ．practical B ．inaccurate C ．unpredictable D ．unnecessary
42 ．A ．appealing B ．annoying C ．frustrating D ．convincing
43 ．A ．warmly B ．apparently C ．curiously D ．casually
44 ．A ．remind B ．require C ．wander D ．maintain
45 ．A ．attention B ．expectation C ．emotions D ．appreciation
4.（2023· 山东日照 · 统考一模）A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers(偷猎者) in real time. She won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that 46 movement patterns in thermal videos of humans and elephants. “I’m especially excited by the 47 focusing on endangered species and environmental
science,” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 48 for their tusks(牙). “I was quite taken aback,” Puri said. “Because I always thought, ‘well, poaching is 49 ; how come it really is still
such a big 50 ’”
Over the next two years, Puri 51 the software EISa(short for elephant savior). This wildlife poacher detection solution is based on a 52 process: an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone 53 over a park on a drone and 54 the movements of elephants or humans. The software is four times more 55 than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also decreases the 56 for expensive high-resolution
thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old’s invention has eared 57 from notable scientists. “Puri’s software is quite admirable,” says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist, “It’s quite 58 that a senor high school student has been
able to 59 something like this. Not only the research and the analysis, but also being able to 60
it in the models.”
46 ．A . analyzes B . changes C . repeats D . draws
47 ．A . discovery B . invention C . theory D . concept
48 ．A . trained B . protected C . killed D . raised
49 ．A . dangerous B . harmful C . unnecessary D . illegal
50 ．A . issue B . business C . burden D . effect
51 ．A . used B . created C . downloaded D . sold
52 ．A . similar B . natural C . simple D . gradual
53 ．A . passes B . spreads C . jumps D . flies
54 ．A . detects B . controls C . stops D . directs
55 ．A . expensive B . accurate C . active plex
56 ．A . wish B . value C . need D . preparation
57 ．A . income B . praise C . qualification D . confidence
58 ．A . strange B . essential C . mysterious D . remarkable
59 ．A . achieve B . record C . imagine D . learn
60 ．A . absorb B . repair C . mix D . apply
5. （2023·湖北武汉 · 湖北省武 昌实验 中学校考模拟预测 ）More than anything, this is a book about
unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 61 through the narration (叙述) of Harley, shows
why the power of love can overcome the 62 that is part of every life journey.
Harley takes us along on all his 63 with his owner Jaeger — from growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore 64 . “Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense, which 65 them when something’s not right. Looking
back, I’m glad she paid attention to her 66 warning.”
Through surgery, this smart dog 67 . It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears. But chances of 68 look promising. After this experience, Harley 69 realizes that when someone has cancer, the entire family will 70 . However, all the people playing a part in the process form an
unbreakable connection.
Harley’s 71 with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with their children. But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to 72 this book.
Besides, it helps greatly that the book has a 73 ending.
As Jaeger notes, “The book spreads love to us. This small element can be 74 in the human and
animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That 75 couldn’t be any clearer than in this wonderful book.
61 ．A ．explained B ．presented C ．designed D ．included
62 ．A ．misfortune B ．unease C ．inconvenience D ．discomfort
63 ．A ．packages B ．dreams C ．burdens D ．adventures
64 ．A ．mysteries B ．problems C ．cures D ．challenges
65 ．A ．forbids B ．hits C ．informs D ．warns
66 ．A ．active B ．inner C ．useful D ．sudden
67 ．A ．pushes throughB ．bends down C ．cheers up D ．gets off
68 ．A ．success B ．recovery C ．victory D ．survival
69 ．A ．innocently B ．automatically C ．gradually D ．accidentally
70 ．A ．suffer B ．behave C ．perform D ．delay
71 ．A ．competing B ．battling C ．continuing D ．mixing
72 ．A ．possess B ．close C ．share D ．print
73 ．A ．sad B ．happy C ．ridiculous D ．unusual
74 ．A ．decisive B ．logical C ．attractive D ．influential
75 ．A ．meaning B ．principle C ．message D ．expression
6.（2023·湖南长沙 · 长郡中学校考一模）This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The 76 is in Antarctica, and one of the key 77 is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 78 four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it 79 as a museum. Although employees each have unique 80 , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 81 place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 82 environmental data collection and
wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 83 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 84 for the position. They are mainly 85 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real 86 for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to 87 , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of 88 ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is 89 . The total experience offers both a different 90 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”
76 ．A ．centre B ．position C ．aim D ．unit
77 ．A ．requirements B ．characteristics C ．virtues D ．activities
78 ．A ．persuades B ．instructs C ．encourages D ．hires
79 ．A ．exists B ．transforms C ．doubles D ．develops
80 ．A ．tastes B ．talents C ．roles D ．backgrounds
81 ．A ．temporary B ．historic C ．grand D ．magical
82 ．A ．in favor of B ．in need of C ．in possession of D ．in charge of
83 ．A ．paid B ．sought-after C ．hard-won D ．respectable
84 ．A ．annually B ．weekly C ．monthly D ．daily
85 ．A ．invited B ．devoted C ．related D ．drawn
86 ．A．joy B ．lesson C ．effort D ．shock
87 ．A ．get along B ．show off C ．break through D ．give in
88 ．A ．loneliness B ．eagerness C ．looseness D ．togetherness
89 ．A ．consistent B ．rewarding C ．potential D ．pure
90 ．A ．entrance B ．answer C ．attitude D ．introduction
7.（2022·湖南 · 校联考二模） Changsha, capital of central China’s Hunan Province, is 91 itself into the country’s leading center of 92 manufacturing. The city’s cluster of engineering machinery companies has
been included in China’s first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters.
In recent years, Changsha has 93 promoted the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry, improved the sector’s comprehensive strength and optimized its industrial 94 . The city has continuously 95 its innovation capacity and seen a 96 of major innovation outcomes. It has also promoted the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization, making its 97
manufacturing a 98 .
“As a 99 in building the cluster of engineering machinery companies, the Changsha Construction Machinery Industry Association encouraged companies to 100 over 220 new products and technologies, among which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world, breaking technological 101 ,” said Wu Jingsheng, executive vice president of the association.
The association also 102 in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition held in Changsha and organized five themed forums. It also took part in the first China Construction Machinery Leasing Conference held in the city, which attracted over 1,500 leasing companies for offline activities and over
20,000 enterprises for 103 activities.
“Changsha will build itself into a leading advanced manufacturing cluster in China and 104 an example in this regard, so as to drive 105 industrial development in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province,” said Kang Xiaoping, director of the Changsha municipal
industry and information technology bureau.
91 ．A ．transforming B ．reforming C ．catering D ．devoting
92 ．A ．industrial B ．major C ．advanced D ．apical
93 ．A ．randomly B ．vigorously C ．casually D ．frequently
94 ．A ．pattern B ．standard C ．design D ．prospect
95 ．A ．adjusted B ．renewed C ．enhanced D ．accelerate
96 ．A ．discovery B ．tendency C ．revise D ．stream
97 ．A ．unmanned B ．sensitive C ．special D ．intelligent
98 ．A ．helping hand B ．calling card C ．growing trend D ．pulling arm
99 ．A ．tutor B ．pioneer C ．follower D ．core
100 ．A ．put up B ．set off C ．roll out D ．look into
101 ．A ．steppingstones B ．bottlenecks C ．drawbacks D ．ties
102 ．A ．participated B ．appeared C ．directed D ．starred
103 ．A ．other B ．online C ．relevant D ．vis-à-vis
104 ．A ．build up B ．turn to C ．set up D ．beat down
105 ．A ．coordinated B ．decentralized C ．prosperous D ．healthy
8.（2023 上 · 广东 · 高三校联考开学考试）Every year, I look forward to meeting the Teacher of the Year for
Washington. It’s always fascinating to hear 106 in their field talk about their teaching.
This year’s conversation was 107 though. Unluckily, because of something unexpected, I couldn’t talk with Amy Campbell, this time’s winner, 108 . The meeting had to take place over video chats. Unlike any others, Amy is 109 —and so are her students. That’s because Amy is engaged in special education and
all her students have 110 . So she has to put forward 111 ways to draw them into their schoolwork.
I was 112 by how Amy customized(定制)learning programs. She told me about a schoolboy, who was completely non-verbal, visually damaged, and couldn’t move his arms or legs. Rather than focus on what the boy couldn’t do, Amy 113 what he could do, like nodding and shaking his head. She 114 a writing
system for him to effectively record what he did like his classmates.
Amy’s goal is to create an environment where all her students can 115 well and live happily. Instead of being taught in the 116 model where special students are kept alone, her students are 117 into the school. They have professional places to study and live in. They learn and socialize in the classrooms, eat in the
cafeteria, and play sports in the 118 .
Amy takes great pains to figure out exactly what 119 for each student. Her students with special
needs are 120 treated as the school members. They’re lucky to have her by their side.
106 ．A ．doctors B ．educators C ．sportsmen D ．businessmen
107 ．A ．attractive B ．entertaining C ．different D ．successful
108 ．A ．in person B ．in panic C ．at night D ．at home
109 ．A ．professional B ．unique C ．generous D ．humorous
110 ．A ．advantages B ．principles C ．excuses D ．disabilities
111 ．A ．innovative B ．common C ．abstract D ．ancient
112 ．A ．discouraged B ．interrupted C ．impressed D ．comforted
113 ．A ．forgot B ．hid C ．rejected D ．identified
114 ．A ．fit in with B ．came up with C ．adapted to D ．objected to
115 ．A ．learn B ．play C ．chat D ．sit
116 ．A ．political B ．religious C ．traditional D ．creative
117 ．A ．cheated B ．forced C ．sent D ．integrated
118 ．A ．study B ．gym C ．clinic D ．shelter
119 ．A ．works B ．sings C ．calls D ．stands
120 ．A ．secretly B ．temporarily C ．equally D ．rudely
9.（2023 上 · 广东广州 · 高三执信中学校考开学考试）It’s common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you do. Although social media has its positive aspects, it can also have some serious 121 results. For example, have you ever been bored and decided to check social 122 , only to find out that your best friend is at the Great Wall, one of your classmates is eating delicious noodles at your 123 restaurant, and one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in Sichuan Oh! You’re really
124 ! At least that’s what you might think.
Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life 125 than you
are Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FOMO.
FOMO is a real 126 that over 75% of young people experience from time to time. Social media is the cause, because it’s so easy today to 127 through to see what your friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about. 128 , it would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media. Rather than 129 this basic truth, though, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to those of others on social media. This 130 leaves us feeling dissatisfied. Why We know all the aspects of our lives—both good and bad. But all we see on social media are the 131 moments others share. FOMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that can be hard to 132 . Researchers have found that social media and FOMO can cause feelings of 133 , loneliness and boredom. Researchers advise that we stop looking for 134 on social media. If we let FOMO
135 us, the only thing we’ll really be missing out on is our own life. And life’s too short for that!
121 ．A ．critical B ．negative C ．contradictory D ．skeptical
122 ．A ．contact B ．relations C ．media D ．issues
123 ．A ．favourite B ．accessible C ．extraordinary D ．optional
124 ．A ．missing out B ．figuring out C ．picking out D ．running out
125 ．A ．less B ．further C ．worse D ．more
126 ．A ．problem B ．feeling C ．framework D ．term
127 ．A ．glance B ．look C ．get D ．pull
128 ．A ．Occasionally B ．Initially C ．Unfortunately D ．Oppositely
129 ．A ．resisting B ．realizing C ．distinguishing D ．analyzing
130 ．A ．criterion B ．understanding C ．assessment D ．comparison
131 ．A ．abundant B ．exact C ．similar D ．perfect
132 ．A ．adjust B ．break C ．expect D ．tell
133 ．A ．surprise B ．difficulty C ．depression D ．anger
134 ．A ．benefit B ．dignity C ．happiness D ．substitute
135 ．A ．take away from B ．take in C ．take over D ．take control of
10.（2023·山东淄博 · 统考三模）ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 136
about their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 137 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 138 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 139 you with
tasks, such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 140 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 141 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 142 essays, articles, and poetry has only 143 its appeal. It is also equally 144 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 145 code from natural speech makes it a powerful
partner for both new and 146 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 147 . Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 148 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 149 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 150 of events or news that have occurred since
then. Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
136 ．A ．requests B ．concerns C ．emotions D ．doubts
137 ．A ．driven B ．followed C ．inspired D ．entertained
138 ．A ．conflicts B ．challenges C ．interests D ．conversations
139 ．A ．manage B ．control C ．assist D ．accompany
140 ．A ．ability B ．chance C ．responsibility D ．purpose
141 ．A ．consulting B ．reaching C ．introducing D ．counting
142 ．A ．cause B ．return C ．exist D ．generate
143 ．A ．added to B ．connected to C ．devoted to D ．owed to
144 ．A ．determined B ．equipped C ．talented D ．alarmed
145 ．A ．save B ．create C ．choose D ．describe
146 ．A ．cautious B ．untrained C ．familiar D ．experienced
147 ．A ．limitations B ．possibilities C ．requirements D ．advantages
148 ．A ．right B ．suitable C ．specific D ．natural
149 ．A ．approaches B ．responses C ．contribution D ．sensitivity
150 ．A ．notice B ．question C ．feeling D ．awareness完形填空说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填 空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说 明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答 案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为
复杂。
预计 2024 年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主， 且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中， 考生 应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言
运用能力。
(
1.
快速弄清文章大意
)
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往
生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
(
2.
弄清楚说明的顺序
)
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
(
3.
把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
)
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻 辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支 持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节
的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
(
4.
注重上下文语境
)
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂， 根据全文大意和
词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
(
典例分析
)
典例一
（2023·江苏南通 · 统考二模） Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child’s behavior. Therefore, parents must 4 behave like the type of person they want their child
to become.
What’s more, a parent’s actions can also 5 the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 6 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, 7 , as they become increasingly influenced by peers
groups standards before they reach 13.
A positive attitude and self- image play an important role when children 8 something unexpected. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a 9 effect on a child’s behavior. Children interact such events according to their established attitudes and 10 training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the 11 of their parents or a parent’s early death. But if children feel
12 , they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or 13 .
In the same way, all children are not influenced 14 by toys and games, reading matter, and
television programs. As in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience
depends on how the child 15 it.
1 ．A ．apologize to B ．approve of C . attend to D . allow for
2 ．A ．thoughtful B ．characteristic C . conscious D . cautious
3 ．A ．time B ．place C . way D . extent
4 ．A ．consistently B ．barely C . concisely D . originally
5 ．A ．respond B ．imitate C . convey D . affect
6 ．A ．positive B ．complex C . negative D . concrete
7 ．A ．however B ．therefore C . anyhow D . otherwise
8 ．A ．turn down B ．sort out C . stick with e across
9 ．A ．uplifting B ．permanent C . temporary D . distracting
10 ．A ．intense B ．realistic C . previous D . educational
11 ．A ．finance B ．marriage C . assistance D . divorce
12 ．A ．isolated B ．attended C . unloved D . stressed
13 ．A ．punishment B ．discrimination C . assessment D . transformation
14 ．A ．even B ．alike C . at all D . as a whole
15 ．A ．interprets B ．anticipates C . accomplishes D . maintains
(
【答案】
1
．
B 2
．
B 3
．
C 4
．
A 5
．
D 6
．
C 7
．
A 8
．
D 9
．
B 10
．
C 11
．
D
)
12 ．C 13 ．A 14 ．B 15 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了孩子会受到父母行为的影响，而事件对于孩子的影响取决于孩子
如何解释这些事件。
1 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子们相信自己拥有父母特有的品质和感受时，他们就会认可父母。A. apologize to 向 ……道歉；B. approve of 认可；C. attend to 照料；D. allow for 考虑到。根据下文“when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent.”可知， 此处表示孩子们相信自己拥有了父母
所特有的品质和感受时，他们会认可父母。故选 B。
2 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们相信自己拥有父母特有的品质和感受时，他们就会认可父母。A. thoughtful 深思熟虑的；B. characteristic 特有的；C. conscious 有意识的；D. cautious 小心的。根据下文“Therefore, parents must 4 behave like the type of person they want their child to become.” 以及语境可知，此处表示
父母所特有的品质和感受。故选 B。
3 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母所做和说的事情，以及父母做事和对他们说话的方式，都会强烈 影响孩子的行为。A. time 时间；B. place 地点；C. way 方式；D. extent 程度。根据下文“they do and say to
them”可知，此处表示父母做事和对孩子们说话的方式。故选 C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母必须始终如一地表现得像他们希望孩子成为的那种人。A. consistently 始终如一地；B. barely 几乎没有；C. concisely 简明扼要地；D. originally 原来。根据下文“behave like the type
of person they want their child to become.” 以及常识可知，此处表示父母的表现要始终如一。故选 A。
5 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，父母的行为也会影响孩子通过认同形成的自我形象。 A. respond 回应；B. imitate 模仿；C. convey 传送；D. affect 影响。根据下文“Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.”可知，父母的行为会影响孩子形成的自我形象。
故选 D。
6 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些主要观察到父母消极品质的孩子，很难从自己身上看到积极品质。A. positive 积极的；B. complex 复杂的；C. negative 消极的；D. concrete 具体的。根据下文“qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves.” 以及语境可知，主要观察父母消极品质的孩子很难
看到自己的积极品质。故选 C。
7 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，孩子们可能会改变他们的自我形象，因为他们在 13 岁之前就越来越 受到同龄人团体标准的影响。 A. however 然而； B. therefore 因此； C. anyhow 无论如何； D. otherwise 否则。 根 据 上 文 “What’s more, a parent’s actions can also 5 the self-image that a child forms through identification.” 以及“Children may modify their self-image,”可知，此处表示转折关系，空处应用 however，表
示“然而” 。故选 A。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子遇到意想不到的事情时，积极的态度和自我形象发挥着重要作用。A. turn down 拒绝；B. sort out 分类；C. stick with 坚持；D. come across 偶然遇见。根据下文“something unexpected”
以及语境可知，此处表示当孩子遇见意想不到的事情时。故选 D。
(
9
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孤立的事件，即使是巨大的事件，也不一定会对孩
子的行为产生永久的影
响。
A. uplifting
令人振奋的；
B. permanent
永久的；
C. temporary
临时的；
D. distr
acting
令人分心的。根据下
文
“Children
who
know
they
are
loved
can,
for
example,
accept
the
11
of their
parents
or
a
parent’s
early
death.”
可知，此处表示孤立的事件不一定会对孩子的行为
产生永久的影响。故选
B
。
10
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们根
据他们既定的态度和以前的训练来与这种事件交互。
A. intense
强烈的；
B. realistic
现实的；
C. previous
之前
的；
D. educational
教育的。根据下文
“Children who
know
they
are
loved can, for example, accept the
11
of
their parents
or
a parent’s
early
death.”
可知
，孩子们会根据之前
的训练，例如之前得到爱的感受，与这种事件进行交互。来
故选
C
。
11
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，知道自
己被爱的孩子可以接受父母的离婚或父母的早逝。
A. finance
财务；
B.
marriage
婚姻；
C.
assistance
援助；
D.
divorce
离婚。根据下文
“
of
their
parents
or
a
parent
’
s
early
death.”
可推知，此处表示父母中其中一位早
逝或者父母离婚。故选
D
。
12
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，
如果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件解释为拒绝或惩
罚的迹象。
A. isolated
偏远的；
B.
attended
出席；
C. unloved
无人喜欢的；
D. stressed
焦虑不安的。根据上文
“Children
who
know
they
are
loved
can,
for
example,
accept
the
11
of their
parents or
a
parent’s
early
death. But if
children feel”
可知，此处表示如果孩子们感
到不被爱。故选
C
。
13
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，如
果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件解释为拒绝或惩罚
的迹象。
A. punishment
惩罚；
B. discrimination
歧视；
C. assessment
评估；
D. transformation
转型。根据上文
“But if
children feel
12
, they may interpret
such
events
as
a
sign
of
rejection
or”
可知，此处表示孩子
们感
受到不被爱，可能会将事件理解为拒绝或者惩罚的迹象。故选
A
。
14
．考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。句意：同样，并非所有的孩子
都会同样受到玩具、游戏、读物和电视
节目的影响。
A. even
甚至；
B. alike
同样地；
C. at all
全然；
D.
as
a whole
整体而言。根据上文
“Children
who
know
they
are
lov
ed
can,
for
example,
accept
the
11
of
their parents
or
a
parent’s
early
death.
But
i
f
children feel
12
, they
may
interpret
such
events
as
a
sign
of
rejection
or
13
.”
以及语境可知， 此处
表示并不是所有的孩子都会同样受到影响。故选
B
。
15
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像在家庭关系发生巨大变化的情
况下一样，一项活动或经历的影响取决
于孩子如何解释它。
A.
interprets
解释；
B.
anticipates
预期；
C. accomplishes
完成；
D.
maintains
维持。根据
上文
“But if
children feel
12
, they
may
interpret
such
events
as
a
sign
of
rejection
or
13
.”
可
知，
此
处表示事件的影响取决于孩子如何解释它。故选
A
。
)
典例二
（2023·山东淄博 · 统考三模） ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16 about
their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks,
such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22 essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question.
A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is
limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16 ．A ．requests B ．concerns C ．emotions D ．doubts
17 ．A ．driven B ．followed C ．inspired D ．entertained
18 ．A ．conflicts B ．challenges C ．interests D ．conversations
19 ．A ．manage B ．control C ．assist D ．accompany
20 ．A ．ability B ．chance C ．responsibility D ．purpose
21 ．A ．consulting B ．reaching C ．introducing D ．counting
22 ．A ．cause B ．return C ．exist D ．generate
23 ．A ．added to B ．connected to C ．devoted to D ．owed to
24 ．A ．determined B ．equipped C ．talented D ．alarmed
25 ．A ．save B ．create C ．choose D ．describe
26 ．A ．cautious B ．untrained C ．familiar D ．experienced
27 ．A ．limitations B ．possibilities C ．requirements D ．advantages
28 ．A ．right B ．suitable C ．specific D ．natural
29 ．A ．approaches B ．responses C ．contribution D ．sensitivity
30 ．A ．notice B ．question C ．feeling D ．awareness
(
【答案】
16
．
B 17
．
A 18
．
D
19
．
C 20
．
A 21
．
B 22
．
D 23
．
A 24
．
C 25
．
B
26
．
D 27
．
A
28
．
C 29
．
B 30
．
D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
ChatGPT
拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们开展对话，协助
我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
16
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们
对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧。
A. requests
请求；
B. concerns
担忧；
C. emotions
情绪；
D.
doubts
怀疑。根据下文
“their
impact
on
everything ha
ppening
in
our
society”
和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的一切的事物，我
们应该会有担忧。故选
B
。
17
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
ChatGPT
是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
)
似人类的对话等等。 A. driven 驱动；B. followed 跟随；C. inspired 启发；D. entertained 使有兴趣。根据下文
“by AI technology”和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱动自然语言的处理。故选 A。
18 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT 是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类 似人类的对话等等。A. conflicts 冲突；B. challenges 挑战；C. interests 利益；D. conversations 对话。根据下 文“The language model can answer questions”可知， ChatGPT 可以回答用户的问题， 所以应该是允许用户进行
类似人类的对话。故选 D。
19 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写电子邮件、论文 和代码。A. manage 管理；B. control 控制；C. assist 协助；D. accompany 陪伴。根据上文“a natural language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，在这些任务上 ChatGPT 作为自然
语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。故选 C。
20 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来 增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。 A. ability 能力；B. chance 机会；C. responsibility 责任；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions”可推知，
这应该是 ChatGPT 具有的能力。故选 A。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来 增长最快的应用程序， 在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。A. consulting 咨询；B. reaching 达到；C. introducing 介绍；D. counting 计数。根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT 成为有史以来
增长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达到了 1 亿用户。故选 B。
22 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。 A. cause 引起； B. return 返回；C. exist 存在；D. generate 生成。根据上文“composing emails, essays, and code”可推知， ChatGPT
可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选 D。
23 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。 A. added to 增加；B. connected to 连接；C. devoted to 致力于；D. owed to 欠。根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能力会
增加 ChatGPT 的吸引力。故选 A。
24 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。A. determined 坚定的； B. equipped 装备齐全的；C. talented 有才能的；D. alarmed 惊慌的。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”可 知， ChatGPT 是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务方面表现出色， be talented in 是固定短语，
意为“在……方面表现出色，在……方面有才能” 。故选 C。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的程 序员的强大合作伙伴。 A. save 保存；B. create 创造；C. choose 选择；D. describe 描述。根据上文“coding”可
知， ChatGPT 会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创造代码。故选 B。
26 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的 程序员的强大合作伙伴。 A. cautious 谨慎的；B. untrained 未经训练的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. experienced 有
经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说，ChatGPT 都是强大的合
(
作伙伴。故选
D
。
27
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但
ChatGPT
仍然有
局限。
A. limitations
局 限；
B. possibilities
可能性；
C. requirements
要求；
D. advantages
优势。根据下文
“Such restricti
ons”
可知，此
处在讨论
ChatGPT
的局限。故选
A
。
28
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它才
能理解输入的问题。
A. right
正确的；
B. suitable
合适的；
C. specific
特定的；
D.
natural
自然的。根据下文
“as
it
requires
rewording
to
understand
the
input
question
”
可知，
ChatGPT
需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，所
以应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问题。故选
C
。
29
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。
A. approaches
方法；
B. responses
回应；
C. contribution
贡献；
D. sensiti
vity
敏感性。根据上文
“The
language model
can
answer
questions”
可知，
ChatGPT
会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是提
供的回复没有质量。故选
B
。
30
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。
A. notice
通知；
B. questio
n
问题；
C. feeling
感觉；
D. awareness
意识。根据上文
“Another major limitation is that
its
data
is
limited
up
to
2021.”
可
知，
ChatGPT
的数据只更新到
2021
年，所以应该是不了解
2021
年之后的事情，
have awareness o
f
sth.
意为
“
了
解
……”
。故选
D
。
)
（建议用时：20 分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏 · 统考模拟预测）During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were eager to earn the business of students. 1 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many
students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the 2 of late payment.
3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. 4 , they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 5 a
low-interest loan.
Poor credit 6 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 7 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course
for teens and young adults.
To make the class as 8 as possible, we asked the students what 9 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them
10 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize
We, educators, can help young people 11 life after graduation, as there are many great 12 and developing our course was 13 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth
organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant 14 . And if
my 15 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, important financial lessons the hard way. it’s that no one should have to learn
1 ．A ．Attracted B ．Sponsored C ．Required D . Dominated
2 ．A ．conditions B ．benefits C ．consequences D . processes
3 ．A ．Displaying B ．Maintaining C ．Abandoning D . Lacking
4 ．A ．However B ．Therefore C ．Otherwise D . Instead
5 ．A ．secure B ．guarantee C ．request D . settle
6 ．A ．turned B ．guided C ．followed D . tricked
7 ．A ．independence B ．responsibility C ．achievement D . identity
8 ．A ．touching B ．surprising C ．engaging D . inspiring
9 ．A ．words B ．titles C ．courses D . topics
10 ．A ．posing B ．considering C ．examining D . tackling
11 ．A ．search for B ．pay for C ．prepare for D . care for
12 ．A ．questions B ．paths C ．examples D . resources
13 ．A ．easier B ．cheaper C ．safer D . stricter
14 ．A ．distance B ．disadvantage C ．point D . corner
15 ．A ．duties B ．abilities C ．ambitions D . experiences
(
【答案】
1
．
A 2
．
C 3
．
D 4
．
B
5
．
A 6
．
C 7
．
B 8
．
C 9
．
D 10
．
B 11
．
C
12
．
D 13
．
A
14
．
B
15
．
D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过自己的经历讲述了对于学生来讲，金融素养教育的重要性。
1
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被那些各种各样
的只讲述了部分情况的信用卡的奖励计划所吸引，很多学生
申请了很多张信用卡，且没有理解到逾期还款的后果。
A.
Attracted
吸引；
B.
Sponsored
赞助；
C.
Required
要求；
D.
Dominated
支配。根据后文
“
various
rewards
programs
”
和
“
many
students
signed
up
for
one
or
more
cards”
可知，很多学生申请了不止一张信用卡是因为被信用卡提出的奖励
计划所吸引，故选
A
。
2
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。
A. conditions
情况；
C. benefits
好处；
C. consequences
后果；
D. pro
cesses
过程。根据后文
“late payment”
和
“
they faced challenges later in life”
可知， 因逾期还款，
之后他们会面临麻烦，
故此处指学生没有意识到信用卡逾期还款的后果，故选
C
。
3
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：缺乏基本的金融素养也就意味着大学生以不良信用开始他们的成年生活。
A. Displaying
展示；
B. Maintaining
保持；
C. Abandoni
ng
抛弃；
D. Lacking
缺乏。根据空后
“meant many
college
students
started
off
their
adult
lives
with
poor
credit
”
可知，意味着他们以不良信用开始他们的成年生活，故此
处指缺乏基本的金融素养，故选
D
。
4
．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们就会在今后的生活中面临着问题，当他们需要借钱时，
他们无法
)
低利息贷款。A. However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Instead 相反。根据前文“ 3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit.”和后 文“they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 5 a low-interest
loan.”可知，空前提到了他们的不良信用，空后将无法贷款，构成因果关系，故选 B。
5 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. secure 确保，为（债务或贷款） 作抵押；B. guarantee 保证；C. request 要求 ；D. settle 解决 。根据空前 “they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but
couldn’t”可知，他们因信用不良，因此无法贷款，故 secure a loan 意为“贷款” ，故选 A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信用不良一直跟随着我度过大学， 直到我的教学生涯。A. turned 转弯；B. guided
指导；C. followed 跟随；D. tricked 欺骗。根据后文“That has fueled my sense of 7 to teach the next
generation of students about personal finance.”可知， 激起了我决定教学生个人理财的想法， 是因为信用不良一
直伴随着我，故选 C。
7 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 这也让我感觉教学生个人理财是我的责任。A. independence 独立；B. responsibility 责任；C. achievement 成就；D. identity 身份。根据后文“It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.”可知，我帮助开发了适合青少年和青年人的个人理财课程，是因为我觉得
我有责任教会学生个人理财，故选 B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让课程尽可能的吸引人， 我问学生他们对什么话题感兴趣。A. touching 感人的；B. surprising 惊人的；C. engaging 吸引人的；D. inspiring 鼓舞人心的。根据后文“we asked the students what 9 interested them.”可知，我问学生对什么话题感兴趣的目的是为了让我的理财课程有吸引力，
故选 C。
9 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. words 话语；B. titles 标题；C. courses 课程；D. topics 话题。根据 后文“They were curious to know about buying homes and cars.”可知，他们对买房和买车感到好奇，故此处指
我问他们感兴趣的话题是什么，故选 D。
10 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的课程，专为 14-21 岁的人设计，让他们考虑了几个问题：我应该省下 多少钱来买这些东西？我应该优先购买什么？A. posing 提出；B. considering 考虑；C. examining 检查；D. tackling 解决。根据后文“How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize ” 可知，前文提到学生对买车和买房感兴趣，故此处我让学生考虑应该省下多少钱来买车买房，哪一个可以
优先购买，故选 B。
11 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们教育者帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，这也就是为什么我 希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育，因为有很多资源，开发这门课程比我想象中更加简单。A. search for 寻找；B. pay for 支付；C. prepare for 为……做准备；D. care for 照顾。根据后文“which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.”可知，我希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提
供金融教育，是因为我们作为教育者，应该帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，故选 C。
12 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. questions 问题；B. paths 路径；C. examples 例子；D. resources 资
源。根据后文“developing our course was 13 than I had expected”可知， 开发这门课程比我想象中更简
(
单，是因为有很多的资源，故选
D
。
13
．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：同上。
A. easier
更简单的；
B. cheaper
更便宜的；
C.
safer
更安全的；
D.
stricter
更严格的。根据后文
“
which
is
why
I
hope
more
schools
and
youth
organizations
will
offer
financial
education.”
可知， 正是因为开发这门课程，
实施起来比我想象中更简单，
所以我呼吁更多的学校和青年机构
能够提供金融教育，故选
A
。
14
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金融素养不应该是选修课程，因为
它会让那些没有该素养的人处于不利地
位。
A. distance
距离；
B. dis
advantage
不利条件， 劣势；
C. point
点；
D.
corner
角落。根据前文
“Financial
literacy
shouldn
’
t
be
optional
”
可知，金融素养课程不应该是选修课，是因为它会让没有金融素养的人处于劣势，故
选
B
。
15
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果说我作为学生和教师的经历教会了
我什么的话，那就是没有人应该通
过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程。
A. duties
责任；
B. abilities
能力；
C. ambitions
抱负心；
D. experiences
经历。根据后文
“it’s that no one should have to learn important
fin
ancial
lessons the hard
way”
可知， 我认为不应
该有人通过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程，
是因为我作为学生和教师的经历
教会了我这一点，
故选
D
。
)
2.（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测） Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at
the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask ，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 16 cavemen masks caught crows
and 17 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 18 birds.
“We always knew crows 19 us, but could we show it ” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t
20 to them. But when the 21 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责骂) loudly
and dived at their “ 22 ”. The birds had remembered their 23 !
“Crows are constantly 24 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you,
25 the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 26 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 27 from one another. Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year and 28 that adults
even pass this information to their 29 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 30 work.
16 ．A ．picked out B ．put on C ．searched for D ．taken off
17 ．A ．dropped B ．stepped C ．pressed D ．tied
18 ．A ．unhappy B ．beautiful C ．black D ．rare
19 ．A ．hate B ．attack C ．recognize D ．contact
20 ．A ．wave B ．react C ．reply D ．turn
21 ．A ．friendly B ．unkind C ．different D ．same
22 ．A . enemies B . professors C . owners D . followers
23 ．A . clothes B . faces C . organs D . figures
24 ．A . expecting B . admiring C . watching D . tolerating
25 ．A . estimating B . changing C . restoring D . worsening
26 ．A . rigidly B . automatically C . abnormally D . threateningly
27 ．A . resulted B . heard C . learned D . benefited
28 ．A . promised B . identified C . denied D . clarified
29 ．A . young B . neighbor C . partners D . opponents
30 ．A . wings B . noses C . legs D . brains
(
【答案】
16
．
B 17
．
D 18
．
A
19
．
C 20
．
B 21
．
D 22
．
A 23
．
B 24
．
C 25
．
A
26
．
D 27
．
C
28
．
B 29
．
A 30
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了
Marzluff
博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何
工作的。他
们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行
跟踪，发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同
时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
16
．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山
顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在他们
的腿上绑上了塑料带子。
A.
picked
out
挑选出；
B
. put on
穿上；
C. searched
for
搜寻；
D. taken
off
脱下。由
上文
“Wearing a caveman mask(
面具
)”
可知，此处指戴上面具，故选
B
。
17
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山
顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在它们
的腿上绑上了塑料带。
A. dropped
掉落；
B. stepped
迈；
C. pressed
按压；
D. tied
系上。由下文
“the
crows they
had caught and banded(
他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦
)”
可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带
子，故选
D
。
18
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。
A. unhappy
不高兴的；
B. beautiful
漂亮的；
C. black
黑色的；
D. rare
稀少的。由
上文
“caught crows”
可知，乌鸦被捕所以不开心，故选
A
。
19
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
“
我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来吗？
”
Marzluff
博士说，
他是一位被亲切地称为
Crowman
的教授。
A. hate
讨厌；
B. att
ack
攻击；
C. recognize
识别；
D. contact
联系。
由下文
“the crows scolded (
责骂
) loudly”
和实验内容可知，
研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦
腿上绑上塑料带子，
然后
将它们放了，之后戴上面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说
明乌鸦能认出他们，故选
C
。
20
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员不戴口罩在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦没有反
应。
A. wave
挥舞；
B. react
反应；
C. reply
回复；
D. turn
转弯。由下文
“to them”
可知，此处指乌鸦没有任何
反应，
react to
固定搭配，意为
“
对
……
的反应
”
，故选
B
。
21
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向
它们的
“
敌人
”
俯冲下去。
A. friendly
友好的；
B. unkind
不友善的；
C. different
不同的；
D.
same
同样的。由下文
“humans walked
by while wearing the masks”
和常识可知，为了保证实验
的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选
D
。
)
(
22
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的
“
敌人
”
俯
冲下去。
A. enemies
敌人；
B. profes
sors
教授；
C. owners
主人；
D. followers
追随者。由下文
“the
crows
scolded(
责
骂
) loudly and dived at thei
r”
和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知， 乌鸦把他们当成敌人， 在认出他们之后去攻
击他们，故选
A
。
23
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。
A. clothes
衣服；
B. faces
脸；
C.
organs
器官；
D.
figures
人物。由下文
“They look, they think, they eyeball you”
可知
，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。故选
B
。
24
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
“
乌鸦一直在观察我们，
”
Marzluff
博士说。
A.
expecting
期盼；
B.
admiring
钦佩；
C. watching
观看；
D.
tolerating
忍受。由下文
“They look”
可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故选
C
。
25
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在看、在思考、在观察你， 然后估计形势。
A. estimating
估计；
B.
changing
改变；
C. restoring
恢复；
D. wo
rsening
变坏。由上文
“They look, they think, they eyeball you,”
和下文
“situation”
可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选
A
。
26
．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，只有被
捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。
A. rigidly
严格地；
B.
automatically
主动地；
C.
abnormally
不正常地；
D.
threateningly
威胁地。由下文
“
But
in
later
tests
,
a(
an
)
increasing number of
crows began
scolding them,”
可知，
乌鸦攻击他们，
对他们产生有威胁性的行为，
故选
D
。
27
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌鸦们互相
得知（信息）。
A. resulted
导致；
B. heard
听到；
C. learned
学习；
得知；
D. benefited
使受益。由下文
“pass this informatio
n”
可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故选
C
。
28
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年乌
鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。
A. promised
承诺；
B. identified
发现；
C. denied
否认；
D. c
larified
澄清。
由上文
“Dr. Marzluffand his team followed banded crows for a year”
和下文
“that
adults
even pass
this
information
to
their”
可知，
Marzluff
博士和他的团队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选
B
。
29
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年乌
鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
A. young
幼崽；
B. neighbor
邻居；
C. partners
伙伴；
D. opponents
对手。
由上文
“adults even pas
s this information to their”
可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，故选
A
。
30
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士的实验让他
研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。
A. wings
翅膀；
B. noses
鼻子；
C. legs
腿；
D. brains
大脑。由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知，
Marzluf
f
博士的实验
让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选
D
。
)
3.（2023·山东潍坊 · 统考模拟预测）Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer, I felt much more 31 expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 32 . Strangely, I found that the feelings of 33 to be perfectly tolerable; 34 , I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy. A slight change of 35 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured that I’d be 36 for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 37 . I was experiencing
anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more 38 .
You might have 39 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of
senior colleagues. And the more you try to 40 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 41 . Jamie Whitehouse, a research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 42 , leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 43 . If so, then we need not try so hard to
44 a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 45 .
31 ．A . anxious fortable C . cautious D . hesitant
32 ．A . exam room B . video call C . stage center D . teacher’s desk
33 ．A . burden B . loneliness C . conflict D . anxiety
34 ．A . besides B . instead C . therefore D . otherwise
35 ．A . voice B . appearance C . attitude D . routine
36 ．A . paused B . rejected C . assessed D . warned
37 ．A . knowledge B . experience C . process D . confidence
38 ．A . astonishing B . terrifying C . pressing D . confusing
39 ．A . noticed B . refreshed C . mentioned D . supposed
40 ．A . permit B . declare C . hide D . deserve
41 ．A . practical B . inaccurate C . unpredictable D . unnecessary
42 ．A . appealing B . annoying C . frustrating D . convincing
43 ．A . warmly B . apparently C . curiously D . casually
44 ．A . remind B . require C . wander D . maintain
45 ．A . attention B . expectation C . emotions D . appreciation
(
【答案】
31
．
B 32
．
C 33
．
D 34
．
B 35
．
A 36
．
C 37
．
D 38
．
C 39
．
A
40
．
C
41
．
D 42
．
A 43
．
A 44
．
D 45
．
C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者恐惧公开演讲，而且害怕别人看出自己紧张
和不自信。然
而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。
研究指出压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，
让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。
31
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名作家，
比起站在舞台中央，
我更愿意在纸上表达自己。
A. anxious
焦虑的；
B.
comfortable
舒服的，
自在的；
C.
cautious
谨慎的；
D.
hesitant
犹豫的。根据上文
“
Like
many
people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(
和许多人一样，
公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧
)”
可知， 作者更喜欢
在纸上表达自己，即纸上表达自己更自在。故选
B
。
32
．考查名词短语辨析。句意：作为一名作家， 比起站在舞台中央，
我更愿意在
纸上表达自己。
A. exam room
考场；
B. video call
视频电话；
C. stage
center
舞台中央；
D.
teacher’s
desk
老师的课桌。根据上文
“Like
many
people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(
和许多人一样，
公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧
)”
可知， 作者不喜欢
公开演讲，站在舞台中央，故选
C
。
33
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人
)
会如何看待我紧张的情绪。 A. burden 负担；B. loneliness 孤独；C. conflict 冲突；D. anxiety 焦虑。根据后文
“others would perceive my nervous energy”可知，这里指焦虑的感受。故选 D。
34 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人 会如何看待我紧张的情绪。A. besides 此外；B. instead 相反；C. therefore 因此；D. otherwise 否则。根据后 文“I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy.”可知，作者可以忍受焦虑的感
觉，反而却是别人如何看自己的紧张情绪让作者更加关心，故选 B。
35 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏 自信的非语言信号。A. voice 嗓音；B. appearance 外表；C. attitude 态度；D. routine 路线。根据后文“the unconscious biting of my lip”可知，这里是在描述作者紧张时的活动，公开演讲肯定是嗓音有变化，故选 A。 36 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏 自信的非语言信号。A. paused 暂停；B. rejected 拒绝；C. assessed 评估；D. warned 警告。根据后文“for any
non-verbal signal”可知，作者确信他人会评估自己缺乏自信的肢体语言。故选 C。
37 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏 自信的非语言信号。 A. knowledge 知识；B. experience 经历；C. process 过程；D. confidence 自信。结合上文 可知，作者害怕公开演讲，且担心别人发现自己的紧张情绪，作者会无意识的咬嘴唇，这都是缺乏自信的
表现。故选 D。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的焦虑感到焦虑——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。A. astonishing 惊人的；B. terrifying 可怕的；C. pressing 紧迫的；D. confusing 令人困惑的。根据上文“I was experiencing anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more”可知，作者对自己的焦虑感到焦虑
——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。故选 C。
39 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在面试或重要的工作会议上，你可能已经在资深同事面前注意到了这一点。 A. noticed 注意到；B. refreshed 使恢复精神；C. mentioned 提及；D. supposed 认为。根据后文“this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of senior colleagues”此处指在面试或重要的工作会议上， 在资
深同事面前注意到自己的焦虑情绪，故选 A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你越试图隐藏自己的情绪， 别人就会越明显地感觉到。A. permit 允许；B. declare 宣布；C. hide 隐藏；D. deserve 值得。根据后文“your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others”可知，越
是试图隐藏自己的焦虑，别人就会越明显地感觉到。故选 C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而， 根据一项引人注目的新研究， 这些担忧可能是不必要的。A. practical 实际的；B. inaccurate 不准确的；C. unpredictable 不可预测的；D. unnecessary 不必要的。后文提到“压力的 明显迹象通常很有吸引力， 让别人更有可能喜欢我们， 热情地对待我们”说明担心别人如何看待自己焦虑的
想法是不必要的。故选 D。
42 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员 Jamie Whitehouse 表示，压力的明显迹象通 常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。 A. appealing 吸引人的； B. annoying 恼人的；
C. frustrating 令人沮丧的；D. convincing 令人信服的。根据后文“leaving others more likely to like us”可知，压
(
力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，故选
A
。
43
．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员
Jamie Whiteh
ouse
表示，压力的明显迹象通常
很有吸引力， 让别人更有可能喜欢我们， 热情地对待我们。
A. warmly
热情地；
B.
apparently
显然；
C.
curious
ly
好奇地；
D. casually
随意地。结合上文
“leaving others mor
e likely to like us and treat us”
可知，压力的明显迹象
通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热
情地对待我们。故选
A
。
44
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的扑
克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。
A.
remind
提醒；
B.
require
需要；
C.
wander
漫游；
D.
maintain
维持， 保持。根据后文
“a calm-and-collected poker face”
指努力保持一张冷静和镇静的扑克脸
，
故选
D
。
45
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的扑
克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。
A.
attention
注意力；
B.
expectation
期待；
C.
emotions
情感；
D. appreciation
感激。结合上文提到紧张可以让他人对我们很热情，说明别
人能理解自己的情感。故
选
C
。
)
4.（2023· 山东日照 · 统考一模）A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers(偷猎者) in real time. She won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that 46 movement patterns in thermal videos of humans and elephants. “I’m especially excited by the 47 focusing on endangered species and environmental
science,” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 48 for their tusks(牙). “I was quite taken aback,” Puri said. “Because I always thought, ‘well, poaching is 49 ; how come it really is still
such a big 50 ’”
Over the next two years, Puri 51 the software EISa(short for elephant savior). This wildlife poacher detection solution is based on a 52 process: an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone 53 over a park on a drone and 54 the movements of elephants or humans. The software is four times more 55 than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also decreases the 56 for expensive high-resolution
thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old’s invention has eared 57 from notable scientists. “Puri’s software is quite admirable,” says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist, “It’s quite 58 that a senor high school student has been able to 59 something like this. Not only the research and the analysis, but also being able to 60
it in the models.”
46 ．A ．analyzes B ．changes C ．repeats D ．draws
47 ．A ．discovery B ．invention C ．theory D ．concept
48 ．A ．trained B ．protected C ．killed D ．raised
49 ．A ．dangerous B ．harmful C ．unnecessary D ．illegal
50 ．A ．issue B ．business C ．burden D ．effect
51 ．A ．used B ．created C ．downloaded D ．sold
52 ．A . similar B . natural C . simple D . gradual
53 ．A . passes B . spreads C . jumps D . flies
54 ．A . detects B . controls C . stops D . directs
55 ．A . expensive B . accurate C . active plex
56 ．A . wish B . value C . need D . preparation
57 ．A . income B . praise C . qualification D . confidence
58 ．A . strange B . essential C . mysterious D . remarkable
59 ．A . achieve B . record C . imagine D . learn
60 ．A . absorb B . repair C . mix D . apply
(
【答案】
46
．
A 47
．
B 48
．
C 49
．
D 50
．
A 51
．
B 52
．
C 53
．
D
54
．
A 55
．
B
56
．
C
57
．
B
58
．
D
59
．
A
60
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了
17
岁的少年安妮卡
·
普里发明了一种低成本的工具，
可以实时发现大
象偷猎者。介绍了其发明经过和科学家的看法。
46
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以机器学习驱动的软件模型获得了
202
2
年佩吉
·
斯克里普斯科学传播奖，
该软件分析了人类和大象热视频中的运动模式。
A. analyzes
分析；
B. changes
改变；
C. repeats
重复；
D. draws
画画。根据后文
“movement patterns in thermal videos of
humans and elephants”
指分析运动模式。故选
A
。
47
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：普里说
:“
这项专注于濒危物种和环境科学的发明让我特别兴奋。
”A. discovery
发现；
B. invention
发明；
C. the
ory
理论；
D. concept
概念。根据后文
“The
17-year-old’s invention”
可知这是一
项发明。故选
B
。
48
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，
普里意识到，
大
象仍在被猎杀以获取象牙。
A. trained
训练；
B. protected
保护；
C. killed
杀死；
D. raised
筹集。根据后文
“for their tusks”
可知，大象仍在被猎杀以
获取象牙。故选
C
。
49
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：
“
因为我一直在想，
’
嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问
题？
’”A. dangerous
危险的；
B. harmful
有害的；
C. unnecessary
不必
要的；
D. illegal
非法的。根据上文
“poaching
is”
指偷猎是非法的。故选
D
。
50
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：
“
因为我一
直在想，
’
嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问题？
’”A. issu
e
问题；
B. business
生意；
C. burden
负担；
D. effect
影响。此处指非法偷猎这一问题。故选
A
。
51
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，普里创造了
软件
EISa(
大象救世主的缩写
)
。
A. used
使
用；
B. created
创造；
C. downloaded
下载；
D. sold
出售。结合后文
“The
17-year-old’s inventi
on”
可知，这个软
件是他创造的。故选
B
。
52
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一
个简单的过程
:
一个连接在手
机上的
EISa
摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。
A.
similar
相似的；
B.
natural
自然的；
)
(
C. simple
简单的；
D. gradual
逐渐的。根据后文
“an EISa
camera
attached to
a m
obile phone”
可知，过程只需要
一个连接在手机上的
EISa
摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，很简单。故选
C
。
53
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个
简单的过程
:
一个连接在手机
上的
EISa
摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。
A. passe
s
通过；
B. spreads
传播；
C.
jumps
跳跃；
D. flies
飞。根据后文
“over a park on a dron
e”
可知，是无人机飞过公园。故选
D
。
54
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个
简单的过程
:
一个连接在手机
上的
EISa
摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。
A. detects
发现；
B. controls
控制；
C.
stops
停止；
D. directs
指导。根据后文
“th
e movements of
elephants or humans”
指无人机检测大象或人类的运动。故
选
A
。
55
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法准确
4
倍。
A.
expensive
昂贵的；
B.
accurate
精确的；
C.
active
活跃的；
D.
complex
复杂的。根据前后文
“
The
software
is
four
times
more
…
than
existing state-of-the-art detection methods”
指该软件比现有的最先
进的检测方法准确
4
倍。故选
B
。
56
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。
A.
wish
希望；
B.
value
价值；
C. need
需要；
D. preparation
准备。根据后文
“for expensive high-res
olution thermal cameras”
可知，软件
只需要无人机，即还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。故选
C
。
57
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个
17
岁的发明受到了著名科学家的赞扬。
A. in
come
收入；
B. praise
赞美；
C. qualification
资格；
D. confidence
自信。根据后文
“Puri’s software is quite
admirable”
可知， 发明受到了赞扬。
故选
B
。
58
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能取得这样的成就，真是太了不起了。
A. s
trange
奇怪的；
B.
essential
必要的；
C. mysterious
神秘的；
D. remarkable
非凡的。结合上
文
“Puri’s software
is
quite
admirable”
可
知，科学家认为他的发明是出色卓越的。故选
D
。
59
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能取得这样的成就，真是太了不起了。
A. achieve
实
现；
B. record
记录；
C. imagine
想象；
D. learn
学习。根据后文
“something like this. Not
only the
research
and
the
analysis, but
also being able to”
指取
得这样的成就。故选
A
。
60
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅是研究和分析，而且能够应用到模型中。
A. absorb
吸收；
B. repair
修理；
C. mix
混合；
D. apply
应用。根据后文
“it in
the models”
指应用到模型中。故选
D
。
)
5. （2023·湖北武汉 · 湖北省武 昌实验 中学校考模拟预测 ）More than anything, this is a book about
unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 61 through the narration (叙述) of Harley, shows
why the power of love can overcome the 62 that is part of every life journey.
Harley takes us along on all his 63 with his owner Jaeger — from growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore 64 . “Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense, which 65 them when something’s not right. Looking
back, I’m glad she paid attention to her 66 warning.”
Through surgery, this smart dog 67 . It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears. But
chances of 68 look promising. After this experience, Harley 69 realizes that when someone has cancer, the entire family will 70 . However, all the people playing a part in the process form an
unbreakable connection.
Harley’s 71 with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with their children. But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to 72 this book.
Besides, it helps greatly that the book has a 73 ending.
As Jaeger notes, “The book spreads love to us. This small element can be 74 in the human and
animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That 75 couldn’t be any clearer than in this wonderful book.
61 ．A ．explained B . presented C . designed D . included
62 ．A ．misfortune B . unease C . inconvenience D . discomfort
63 ．A ．packages B . dreams C . burdens D . adventures
64 ．A ．mysteries B . problems C . cures D . challenges
65 ．A ．forbids B . hits C . informs D . warns
66 ．A ．active B . inner C . useful D . sudden
67 ．A ．pushes throughB . bends down C . cheers up D . gets off
68 ．A ．success B . recovery C . victory D . survival
69 ．A ．innocently B . automatically C . gradually D . accidentally
70 ．A ．suffer B . behave C . perform D . delay
71 ．A ．competing B . battling C . continuing D . mixing
72 ．A ．possess B . close C . share D . print
73 ．A ．sad B . happy C . ridiculous D . unusual
74 ．A ．decisive B . logical C . attractive D . influential
75 ．A ．meaning B . principle C . message D . expression
(
【答案】
61
．
B 62
．
A 63
．
D 64
．
C 65
．
D 66
．
B 67
．
A 68
．
B
69
．
C 70
．
A
71
．
B
72
．
C
73
．
B
74
．
D
75
．
C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克
里斯蒂
·
杰格
(Christy Jaeger)
撰写的《哈利的丑角之心》这本书的
书评。
61
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂
·
杰格
(Chris
ty Jaeger)
撰写，通过哈利的叙述
呈现，展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。
A. explained
解释；
B. presented
呈现；
C.
designed
设计；
D. included
包括。根据
“shows why the power of
love can
overcome
the 2 that is
part of
every life
journey.”
可知，空处表示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选
B
。
62
．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。
A. misfortune
不幸；
B. unease
不安；
C. inconvenience
不便；
D. discomfort
不适。根据
“
Then
one
day
,
Harley
is
diagnosed
with
bone
cancer
.”
可知，
Harley
的
生命旅程中遭遇了不幸。故
)
选 A。
63 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——从成长，接受训 练，到参加狗展。 A. packages 包裹；B. dreams 梦想；C. burdens 负担；D. adventures 冒险。根据“from growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows.”可知，此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。
故选 D。
64 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A. mysteries 神秘的事物； B. problems 问 题 ； C. cures 治 疗 ；D. challenges 挑 战 。 根 据 “Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.” 和
“Fortunately”可知，有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选 C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶格告诉我， 每个人都有第六感， 当事情不对劲时， 它会发出警告。A. forbids
禁 止 ；B. hits 打 击 ； C. informs 通 知 ；D. warns 警 告 。 根 据 “I’m glad she paid attention to her 6
warning.”可知，第六感会发出警告。故选 D。
66 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active 积极的；B. inner 内心的；C. useful 有用的；D. sudden 突然的。根据“everyone has a sixth sense, which 5 them when
something’s not right.”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选 B。
67 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过手术，这只聪明的狗狗成功了。 A. pushes through 排除困难办好某事； B. bends down 弯腰；C. cheers up 使高兴起来；D. gets off 下车。根据“Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore
4 .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功度过了难关。故选 A。
68 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。 A. success 成功；B. recovery 恢复；C. victory 胜利；D. survival 生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears.”和“but”可知，上下文形 成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会看起来很有希
望” 。故选 B。
69 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到 影响。 A. innocently 天真地；B. automatically 自动地；C. gradually 逐渐地；D. accidentally 偶然地。根据“After this experience”可知， 经过这次经历， 哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症， 整个家庭都会受到影响。故选 C。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer 遭受；B. behave 表现；C. perform 表演；D. delay 推迟。根据“when
someone has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选 A。
71 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注，他们会考虑和孩子一起读这 本书。 A. competing 竞争；B. battling 斗争；C. continuing 继续；D. mixing 融合。根据“Harley is diagnosed with
bone cancer.”可知，此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选 B。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但耶格提供了如此积极的视角， 这本书更值得分享。A. possess 拥有；B. close 关闭；C. share 分享；D. print 打印。根据“But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective”可知，此处评价这本
书值得分享。故选 C。
73 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。 A. sad 难过的；B. happy 高
兴的； C. ridiculous 荒唐的； D. unusual 不同寻常的。根据“Through surgery, this smart dog 7 ”可知，
(
狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选
B
。
74
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如耶格所指出的，
“
这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小小的元素
可以影响
人类和动物世界。
”A. decisive
决定性的；
B. logical
符合逻辑的；
C. attractive
吸引人的；
D. influential
有影
响的。根据
“Love can defeat all.”
可知，爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选
D
。
75
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这本精彩的书中，这个信息再清楚不过了。
A. meaning
意义；
B. principle
原则；
C. message
信息；
D. expression
表达。根据
“Love can defeat all.”
可知，这本书传达爱能够战胜一切这
个信息。故选
C
。
)
6.（2023·湖南长沙 · 长郡中学校考一模）This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The 76 is in Antarctica, and one of the key 77 is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 78 four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it 79 as a museum. Although employees each have unique 80 , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 81 place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 82 environmental data collection and
wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 83 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 84 for the position. They are mainly 85 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real 86 for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to 87 , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of 88 ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is 89 . The total experience offers both a different 90 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”
76 ．A ．centre B ．position C ．aim D ．unit
77 ．A ．requirements B ．characteristics C ．virtues D ．activities
78 ．A ．persuades B ．instructs C ．encourages D ．hires
79 ．A ．exists B ．transforms C ．doubles D ．develops
80 ．A ．tastes B ．talents C ．roles D ．backgrounds
81 ．A ．temporary B ．historic C ．grand D ．magical
82 ．A ．in favor of B ．in need of C ．in possession of D ．in charge of
83 ．A ．paid B ．sought-after C ．hard-won D ．respectable
84 ．A ．annually B ．weekly C ．monthly D ．daily
85 ．A ．invited B ．devoted C ．related D ．drawn
86 ．A．joy B ．lesson C ．effort D ．shock
87 ．A ．get along B ．show off C ．break through D ．give in
88 ．A ．loneliness B ．eagerness C ．looseness D ．togetherness
89 ．A ．consistent B .
90 ．A ．entrance B .
rewarding
answer
C ．potential D ．pure
C ．attitude D ．introduction
(
【答案】
76
．
B 77
．
A 78
．
D 79
．
C
80
．
C 81
．
B 82
．
D 83
．
B 84
．
A 85
．
D
86
．
A
87
．
A
88
．
D
89
．
B
90
．
C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，
在那里员工不
仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物，还要负责数金鹅。
76
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲， 其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。
A. centre
中心；
B. position
职位；
C. aim
目标；
D. unit
单位。根据上文
“This year, hundreds of
people
around
the
world
are
applying
for
a desired
job
to
run
Port
Lockroy
,
the
world
’
s
most
remote
post
office
. (
今年，世界各地有数百人
正在申请一份理
想的工作，以经营世界上最偏远的邮局洛克罗伊港。
)”
可知，此处表示该职位在南极洲，故选
B
项。
77
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。
A. requirements
要求；
B. characteristics
特征；
C. virtues
美德；
D. activities
活动。根据空后
“is the
ability to
count penguins(
企鹅
)”
可
知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。故选
A
项。
78
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年， 英国南极遗产信托基金都会雇用四名邮递员从
11
月到
3
月住在岛上。
A. persuades
说服；
B. instructs
指示；
C. encourages
鼓励；
D. hi
res
雇用。根据上文
“applying
for
a
desired
job”
和下文
“employees”
可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，故选
D
项。
79
．考查动词词辨析。句意：除了是一家拥有近
80
年历史
的英国邮局外，它还兼作博物馆。
A. exists
存在；
B. transforms
转移；
C. doubles
双倍；
D. dev
elops
发展。前面提到洛克雷港是一个
“post office”
，空后又提到
“as
a museum”
，故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。
double as
表示
“
兼作
”
，故选
C
项。
80
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名
胜和照顾成千 上万的游客。
A. tastes
品味；
B. talents
人才；
C. roles
职能，角色；
D. backgrounds
背景。根
据下文
“they are
cooperatively responsible for preserving the 6 place and
caring
for the thousands
of
tourists.”
可知，此处
表示员工各司其职，故选
C
项。
81
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史
名胜和照顾成
千上万的游客。
A. temporary
暂时的；
B. hi
storic
历史的；
C. grand
大的；
D. magical
魔法的。根据上文
“a nearly
80-year-old British-owned”
和空前
“preser
ving”
可知，空处表示有历史意义的地方。故选
B
项。
82
．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责环境数据收集和野生动物监测。
A. in favor of
赞成；
B. i
n
need of
需要；
C. in possession of
占有；
D. in
charge
of
负责。根据空
前的
“also”
可知，本空应与前面的
“responsible
for”
在含义上接近，故用
in charge of
表示
“
负责
”
，故选
D
项。
83
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它仍然还是很抢手。
A. paid
有偿的；
B
. sought-after
抢手的；
C. hard-won
来之不易的；
D. respectable
受人尊敬的。根据前文
“there’s not
much time for relaxation and rest”
可
知这份工作没有多少时间休息和放松，再结合
“S
till(
尽管如此
)”
可知，它仍然很抢手，故选
B
项。
)
(
84
．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年收到数百份该职位的申请。
A. annu
ally
每年；
B.
weekly
每周；
C.
monthly
每月；
D.
daily
每天。根据上文中的
“
This
year
,
hundreds
of
people
-
desired
job
”
和下
文中的
“the 2019-2020 season”
可知，此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年都会收到大量申请该职位的信。故
选
A
项。
85
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们主要被洛克罗伊港吸引，因为它的历史和科学意义。
A. i
nvited
邀请；
B. devoted
投入；
C. related
相关
；
D. drawn
吸引。根据空后
“both for
its history
and
its
scientific
significance”
可
知，求职者们是被它的历史和科学意义吸引。故选
D
项。
86
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。
A.
joy
喜悦；
B. lesson
教训；
C. effort
努力；
D. shock
休克。根据前文
“Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying”
可知该职位很抢手，
但是
Lucy
Dorman
申请成
功了，再结合下文中的
“I really love”
可知
，此处表示对她来说，获得这个职位很让她开心。故选
A
项。
87
．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易地离开对方。
A. get alo
ng
相处；
B. show off
炫耀；
C. break through
突破；
D. give in
屈服。根据前文
“a real
sense
of
community”
和下文中
的
“you
can’t get away from each other
very easily.”
可知，此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选
A
项。
88
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
“
我真的很喜欢那种团结
”
，她说。
A. loneliness
孤独；
B. eagerness
渴望；
C.
looseness
松弛；
D. togetherness
和睦相处。据前文
“a re
al sense
of
community”
和下文中的
“you
can’t
get
away
from
each other very easily.”
可知，此处表示
L
ucy Dorman
喜欢那种和睦相处，故选
D
项。
89
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。
A.
consistent
持续的；
B.
rewarding
有
益的；
C.
potential
有潜力的；
D.
pure
纯粹的。根据空前的
“
what
you
can
achieve
here
”
和下文中的
“
The
total
experience offers. your function on the planet.”
可知，此
处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。故选
B
项。
90
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整体体验既提供了对世界的不同看法，也提供了对您在地球上的功能的新
观点。
A.
entrance
入口；
B.
answer
回答；
C.
attitude
看法；
D.
introduction
介绍。
根据空前
“
offers
both
a different”
及空后的
“a new viewpoint”
可知，空处应为与
“a new viewpoint”
相对应
，，
表
示对世界的不同看法，
故选
C
项。
)
7.（2022·湖南 · 校联考二模） Changsha, capital of central China’s Hunan Province, is 91 itself into the country’s leading center of 92 manufacturing. The city’s cluster of engineering machinery companies has
been included in
