(共41张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
Read the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.
The main theme is .
pollution in Norgate
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each person with points of view.
1.Host A.Factories have brought economic benefits to Norgate.
2.Smith B.Fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government.
3.Brown C.We should build a better future and a cleaner world for our children.
4.Archer D.For health and safety reasons alone,heavy industry has to go.
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What role does Archer play
A.Host.
B.Chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
C.A local resident.
D.Senior manager of a local factory.
B
2.Which of the following does Mr.Smith disagree with
A.The river is dirty and smelly.
B.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey.
C.Businessmen also try to control the amount of pollution they produce.
D.It’s also given him a cough that he can’t get rid of.
C
3.What does the committee do for protecting the environment in Norgate
A.Making environmental policies for businesses to observe,like strict clean-up requirements.
B.Working alone to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
C.Helping Norgate’s economy and creating job opportunities for local residents.
D.Caring deeply about the environment and the community.
A
4.What is the Host’s attitude towards the situation in Norgate
A.Negative. B.Neutral.
C.Optimistic. D.Doubtful.
C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What kind of pollution in cities do you know
2.What can you do to protect your city from being polluted
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the points of Mr.Brown.
(1)We’ve been taking various measures,including the use of new technologies,to reduce pollution in the production process,even though these measures raise our production costs.
(2)In defence of the factories,however,I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the Host’s view.
(1)It’s our duty to leave a better,cleaner and healthier planet to our children.
(2)It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
The TV host invites three guests to News that Matters to discuss how 1. (achieve) a balance between environmental protection and economic development.
James Smith,a local resident,protests 2. heavy industry. He thinks Norgate has become seriously 3. (pollute) over the past 20 years.Factories have caused water and air pollution and 4.__________ (endanger) public health.For health and safety reasons alone,he thinks heavy industry has to go.
to achieve
against
polluted
endangered
However,Vincent Brown says that in 5. (defend) of the factories, they are responsible businessmen and that they have taken a lot of measures 6. (reduce) pollution in the production process even though production costs are raised.Besides,they have created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy 7. (growth).
Julie Archer,an environmental protection expert,says that 8.__________ people try to work hand in hand with factories and the government,a balance between the environment and development can be achieved.The 9._________ (fortune) of our environment and our economy are inseparable.10._________ is our duty to protect our environment while we aim for economic development.
defence
to reduce
grow
if
fortunes
It
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. 宾语从句 引导时间状语从句
I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.
宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
我想,当我说我们非常关心环境时,我已经代表所有的工厂经理说话了。
2.We’ve been taking various measures,including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process,even though these measures raise our production costs.
引导让步状语从句
[尝试翻译]
我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术来减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施会提高我们的生产成本。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对
2. n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处
3. n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理
4. n.政策,方针;原则
5. n.策略,行动计划;策划,部署
6. vt.回收利用,再利用
7. adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的
protest
profit
process
policy
strategy
recycle
former
8. n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏
9. vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药
10. n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的
11. n.结果,后果;重要性
12. adj.更多的,更进一步的
adv.较远,更远;进一步
vt.促进,增进
poverty
poison
chemical
consequence
further
识记阅读词汇
1.resident n.
2.chief n.
adj.
3.committee n.
4.smog n.
5.branch n.
6.subway n.
居民,住户
首领,最高领导人
主要的;首席的
委员会
雾霾,烟雾
(政府或机构)部门;分部;树枝;支流;分支
地铁;地下人行道
串记拓展词汇
1.entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地→ adj.全部的,整个的,完全的
2.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→ v.保卫,防御→ adj.防御的,戒备的
3.various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的→ n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→ v.变化,改变;(使)不同
4.economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的→ n.经济
5.official n.官员,要员 adj.公务的;正式的,官方的→ adv.正式地,官方地→ n.办公室
entire
defend
defensive
variety
vary
economy
officially
office
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-ous
形容词后缀-ous通常与名词结合,构成形容词,表示“具有……的,充满……的”。如:
joy→joyous humor→humorous
danger→dangerous fame→famous
mountain→mountainous
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
2. 往往,趋向
3. 防护
4. 处理
5. 伤害
6. 混淆,弄乱;搅匀
7. 对……产生影响
8. 使发生(或存在)
get rid of
tend to
in defence of
deal with
do harm to
mix up
have an effect on
give rise to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.recycle vt.回收利用,再利用
【佳句背诵】Denmark recycles nearly 85% of its paper.[环境保护]
丹麦回收了近85%的纸张。
2.various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
【佳句背诵】He decided to leave school for various reasons.[学校生活]
他因为各种原因决定离开学校。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.get rid of摆脱,丢弃;扔掉
rid sb.of使某人摆脱,帮某人去除
be rid of摆脱
【佳句背诵】It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes,score clothes from your friends,and have a party all at the same time.[课外生活]
这是处理你的旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服,同时举办派对的最好方法。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world
hunger.
②You’d better get rid that bad attitude and work hard,young man.
③多亏了英国发明的静音机,你可以在不打扰男孩或他父母的情况下消除声音。
Thanks to the Silence Machine,a British invention,you ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ _______without upsetting the boy or his parents.
of
of
can get
rid of the sound
2.protest vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对
(1)protest about/against/at 对……提出抗议,反对
protest sth./that...坚持声称……/申辩……
(2)under protest抗议中;无奈地
without protest心甘情愿地;不反对地
【佳句背诵】Martin Luther King was a worldwide symbol of non-violent protest against racial injustice.[人物介绍]
马丁·路德·金是全世界非暴力抗议种族不平等的象征。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Thousands of people crowded the narrow street last Saturday to protest
the government’s travel ban.
②She wrote a letter of apology but only protest.
③人们向政府抗议城市交通太过拥挤。
People________ ________ ________ _________ ________the traffic in the city was too heavy.
against/about/at
under
protested to the government that
3.profit n.利润,收益;好处 vi.&vt.获益,得到好处
(1)make a profit获利;赚钱
for profit为了赢利
at a profit获利地
(2)profit from/by从……中获益
profit sb.使某人获益,使某人得到好处
(3)profitable adj.有益的;赚钱的;有利可图的
【佳句背诵】Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasn’t driven primarily by profit.[人物介绍]
虽然她早年就创立了自己的公司,但她的主要驱动力并不是利润。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/单句写作
①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.
②On the basis of our sales forecasts,we may begin to make a profit next year.
③I’m sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.
④认为艺术团体不能获利是错误的。
It is wrong to assume that art groups cannot ________ ________ ________.
对……有用/好处
利润,收益
获益
make a profit
4.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
(1)in defence/defense of= in one’s defence/defense 保卫,为……辩护
(2)defend vt.保卫
defend oneself 为自己辩护
defend...from/against保护……使不受……,保卫
(3)defensive adj.防御的,戒备的
【佳句背诵】Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear defence actions we knew.[情景描写]
惊恐万分的,我和埃利尝试了我们所知道的所有对熊的防御措施。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①The boy often plays a (defend) game,waiting for his opponent to make a mistake.
②I have to say in (defend) of the boy that he actually didn’t break the school rule.
defensive
defence/defense
③What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is_____________
(defence) an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
应该训练孩子保护自己免遭某些交通事故的侵害。
→④Children should be trained some traffic accidents.(defend v.)
→⑤Children should be trained some traffic accidents.(defence n.)
defending
to defend themselves against
in defence/defense of
5.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性
(1)in consequence = as a consequence/result因此,结果
in consequence of = as a consequence/result of由于……的结果
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
consequently adv.因此;结果
【佳句背诵】I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences.[家庭教育]
我想知道父母是否应该不管结果总是说实话。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①His financial embarrassment is (consequence) upon his careless spending.
② (consequence),she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners,which can reduce oral bacteria.
The farm was flooded,and as a result,most of the harvest was lost.
→③The farm was flooded,and ,most of the harvest was lost.
→④The farm was flooded,and ,most of the harvest was lost.
→⑤The farm was flooded,and ,most of the harvest was lost.
consequent
Consequently
as a consequence
consequently
in consequence
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
branch
A.n.(政府或机构)部门 B.n.分部 C.n.树枝 D.n.支流 E.n.分支
①The bank has branches all over the country.
②His uncle’s branch of the family emigrated to Australia.
③This branch of the river eventually empties into the Atlantic.
④All branches of government have to cut costs.
⑤The fruit on the lower branches was protected from the sun.
B
E
D
A
C
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.resident
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. They called on the government to build more low-cost homes for local residents.
生义 n. Many resident doctors complain that they are assigned too many duties that are usually not performed by physicians.
居民,住户
住院医师
2.subway
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. I decided to take the subway to the hotel.
生义 v. I prefer to subway to work.
地铁;地下人行道
乘地铁
重点句式——多维剖析
with复合结构
【教材原句】With pollution levels on the rise,the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
随着污染程度的上升,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。
with复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语,表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,可位于句首或句尾。with复合结构的常见用法如下:
【佳句背诵】Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.
[人物介绍]
候选人将根据技能组合匹配任务。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries_______________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
②The patient is left with the power (choose)what he wants to talk about.
③As spring approaches,the weather is getting warmer.
→ ,the weather is getting warmer.
recognizing
to choose
With spring approaching(共55张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
素养导航·明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词 harm soil overseas region continent
million length species nut variety
beneath mass towering living survive
thus disappear impact extinction damage
climate global greenhouse application organization
absolutely image track habitat nowhere
chief entirely protest profit defence
various process economic policy branch
strategy recycle former official poverty
poison chemical consequence further
语言
能力 重点短语 in turn break down breathe life into
due to build up come up with
call for spring to mind get rid of give rise to
重点句式 1.完全倒装句
2.It is/was +过去分词+that...
3.wish后接宾语从句的用法
4.What if... 如果……将会怎么样
5.so+助动词+主语
6.with复合结构
核心语法 省略
主题写作 倡议信
文化
意识 1.培养环境和动物保护意识。
2.思考经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。
思维
品质 帮助学生认识环境保护的重要性,培养学生的环保意识。
学习
能力 掌握否定前缀un-,dis-,in-/im-/ir-,non-的用法和词形变化规律。
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
Read the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.
The main theme is
.
that the Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure on the Earth
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.The rainforest’s value to the human race and human threats
to the rainforest
Para.2 B.Animal biodiversity and the food chain
Para.3 C.An introduction to the Amazon rainforest
Para.4 D.Plant biodiversity and levels of the rainforest
Para.5 E.Basic information about the rainforest
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.According to the text,which of the following statements is true
A.The Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of humans and nature.
B.The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries,including Brazil and Peru.
C.The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square kilometres,more than half the size of China.
D.The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River,which is close to 6,500 kilometres in length.
C
2.How many plant species can be found in the Amazon rainforest
A.About 1,300. B.Over 40,000.
C.Around 400. D.About 390,000.
3.Why has about 17 per cent of the rainforest disappeared over the past 50 years
A.The balance of protecting the animals’ ecosystem disappeared.
B.Animals were hunted and plants were damaged.
C.This forest’s food chain was damaged.
D.The impact of human activities continues to grow.
B
D
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What’s your understanding of the balance between nature and human beings
2.Can we afford to damage the lungs of the planet Why
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the Amazon rainforest.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the reason of the disappearance of the Amazon rainforest.
(1)The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent.
(2)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
The Amazon rainforest,the largest rainforest in the world,plays a 1. (significance) role in keeping the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.
It crosses into eight countries, 2. (include) Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half 3. size of China.The Amazon River,from 4. the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in 5. (long).The river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the 6. (rich) biodiversity on the Earth.
significant
including
the
which
length
richest
Of the 390,000 plant species 7. (know) to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable 8. (vary) of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world,home 9. different kinds of living things.
Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest 10. (disappear) due to human activities.What if these awful activities continue to grow
known
variety
to
has disappeared
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. 引导非限制性定语从句
The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
[尝试翻译]
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
2. 引导时间状语从句
As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer,we are left with a question:can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
[尝试翻译]
随着人类活动的影响不断增加,濒危物种的名单越来越长,这就留给我们一个问题:我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.土壤;国土,领土,土地
2. adj.海外的,国外的 adv.在海外,向国外
3. n.大陆,陆地,洲
4. num.一百万;许多,大量
5. n.种,物种
6. n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
7. n.野生动植物,野生生物
8. prep.在……下面,在……下方;配不上
soil
overseas
continent
million
species
variety
wildlife
beneath
9. n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群 adj.大批的,广泛的
10. adj.活着的,活的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生;生活方式
11. vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难
12. adv.因此,从而;这样
13. n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响;冲击
14. vt.& n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
15. n.气候;倾向,风气
mass
living
survive
thus
impact
damage
climate
识记阅读词汇
1.ecosystem n.
2.biodiversity n.
3.nut n.
4.lily n.
5.hardwood n.
6.mammal n.
7.jaguar n.
8.frog n.
生态系统
生物多样性
坚果
百合(花)
阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材)
哺乳动物
美洲豹,美洲虎
蛙,青蛙
9.insect n.
10.microorganism n.
11.nutrient n.
12.carbon n.
13.oxygen n.
14.cattle n.
昆虫
微生物
营养素,营养物
碳
氧,氧气
牛
串记拓展词汇
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→ adj.有害的,造成伤害的
→ adv.有害地;伤害地→ adj.无害的;无恶意的→ adv.无害地;无恶意地
2.region n.地区,区域,行政区→ adj.地区的,区域的
→ adv.地域性地,地方地
3.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→ adj.长的→ v.使延长;加长
4.towering adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的→ v.高耸;超越 n.塔
harmful
harmfully
harmless
harmlessly
regional
regionally
long
lengthen
tower
5.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→ n.消失,失踪;消亡,灭绝→ v.出现,出场;似乎→ n.露面,到场;外表
6.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→ adj.灭绝的,绝种的;熄灭的
7.agriculture n.农业,农学→ adj.农业的,与农业有关的
disappearance
appear
appearance
extinct
agricultural
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
前缀dis-
前缀dis-表示否定意义,可加在动词、名词、形容词之前。如:
appear→disappear agree→disagree
like→dislike advantage→disadvantage
ability→disability agreement→disagreement
able→disable honest→dishonest
honorable→dishonorable
前缀dis-还可意为“分开,分离”。如:
miss→dismiss card→discard
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 砍倒
2. ……的栖息地,……的家园
3. 在……方面起作用
4. 长度上
5. 以……为食
6. 相应地,转而
7. 使分解(为),使变化(成)
8. 给……带来起色,注入活力
9. 由于,因为
10. 逐渐增加,扩大
cut down
be home to
play a role in
in length
feed on
in turn
break down
breathe life into
due to
build up
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.living adj.活着的,活的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生;生活方式
【佳句背诵】It’s hard to make a decent living as a musician.[社会生活]
音乐家赚的钱难以过体面的生活。
2.extinction n.灭绝,绝种
【佳句背诵】We may live to see the extinction of the whale.[生态环境]
我们或许能亲眼见到鲸的灭绝。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害
(1)do sb.harm/do harm to sb.损害某人
come to harm受到损害
mean no harm并无恶意
There’s no harm in (sb.’s) doing sth./It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事并无害处。
(2)harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
(3)harmless adj.无害的;不会引起损伤的
【佳句背诵】He may look fierce,but he means no harm.[人物介绍]
他看起来很凶,但他没有伤害的意思。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①April Fool’s Day is a traditional western festival—when people play
(harm) jokes on others.
②The overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
(harm).
harmless
harmful
③Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm one’s skin.
我们不能区分真假,这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。
→④We can’t tell the difference between true and false,
which .(harmful adj.)
→⑤We can’t tell the difference between true and false, which .(harm n.)
to
may be harmful to our study and life
may do harm to our study and life
2.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长
(1)in length长度上
at length详细地(=in detail);最后(=at last)
(2)long adj.长的 adv.长期地;长久地
(3)lengthen v.加长
【佳句背诵】The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue,Washington,generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row,especially at rush hour.[交通规则]
华盛顿贝尔维尤的法克托利亚大道上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次闪烁相同长度的绿灯,尤其是在交通高峰期。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①With a serpentine line,a (length) delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.
②While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at (length)life than walking,cycling or swimming.
③We have already discussed this plan length,so next we should spare no effort to carry it out.
④An application letter should be brief,no more than one page long.
→An application letter should be brief,no more than one page .
long
lengthening
at
in length
3.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
(1)a variety of=varieties of种种,各种各样的,各种不同的
the variety of...……的品种
(2)vary vt.& vi.改变;变更;变化;不同
vary with...随着……而变化
vary in在……方面不同/有差异
vary from sth.to sth.从……到……变化
(3) various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的
【佳句背诵】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. [社会生活]
当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,天空和陆地上充满了种类惊人的野生动物。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to__________ (variety) noise levels in the background.
②Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of_________ (variety) weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
这里有不同种类的果树以及各种各样的动物。
→③There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as .
→④There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as .
various
varying
a variety of animals
varieties of animals
4.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难
(1)survive sb.比某人活得长
survive sth.幸免于;从……中活过来
survive on sth.靠……继续维持生活
(2)survival n.幸存,生还
(3)survivor n.幸存者
【佳句背诵】The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.[社会文化]
西安城墙是中国历史上幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I
(survival).
②It will take a long time for the (survive) to recover from the terrible earthquake.
③巴蒂斯特·杜班切特正在骑自行车穿越欧洲,完全靠丢弃的食物生存。
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, ________ ________ ________ discarded food.
survived
survivors
surviving entirely on
5.in turn 相应地,转而
(1)by turns轮流,交替
take turns to do/(in) doing sth.轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
(2)turn off关闭
turn on打开
turn over移交
turn in交上
turn up出现;音量调高
turn down音量调低;拒绝
turn out结果是
turn away不准进入
turn into变成
turn to求助于
【佳句背诵】There were cheers for each of the woman as they spoke in turn. [人物介绍]
女士们依次发言时,每一位都得到了喝彩。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①All theories originate from practice and turn serve practice.
②You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven turns,you wouldn’t have got so tired.
③Some will turn their parents or teachers for help.
④We all want to hope things will turn fine.
⑤顾客表扬了经理,经理转而又表扬了他的员工。
The customer praised the manager,who, _______ _______ ,praised his staff.
in
by
to
out
in turn
6.break down使分解(为),使变化(成);消除;出故障;身体垮掉;失败
break in破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break off折断;突然停止
break into强行闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态)
break up破裂,分手;结束
break through突破
break away from脱离,挣脱
【佳句背诵】The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.[社会生活]
这种“乐于聊天”的长椅有助于打破人们不打招呼的无形社会障碍。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/单句写作
①Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.
②Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination.
③If it is not updated regularly,the system may easily break down.
④You will break down sooner or later if you go on ignoring your health.
⑤Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
⑥但与之前的研究相比,她发现这一研究中的分解速度令人兴奋。
But compared with previous studies,she finds ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in this one exciting.
分解
消除
出故障
身体垮掉
失败,破裂
the speed of
breaking down
7.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪
(1)disappear from 从……处消失
disappear into/behind/under...消失在……中
(2)disappearance n.消失;失踪
appear vi.出现,露面
appearance n.外貌;出现,露面
【佳句背诵】Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.[社会生活]
一旦饮料消失了,吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The (disappear) of the wolves had many unexpected results.
②When winter arrives,many animals stop being active and disappear
sight.
③冰川正在消失,乞力马扎罗山的面貌正在改变。
The glaciers ________ ___________,changing the face of Kilimanjaro.
disappearance
from
are disappearing
8.due to由于,因为
be due to do sth.预计做某事
(be) due to sb./sth.应支付/给予/归于某人/某物
【佳句背诵】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.[环境保护]
由于与环境相关的探险旅行的日益普及,各种类型的旅行现在被分类为生态旅游。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/一句多译
①Much of this increase can be due to climate change.
②It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
③He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
由于消防队员及时赶到,大火最终被扑灭了。
→④ the firefighters’ timely arrival,the big fire was finally put out.(thanks)
→⑤ the firefighters’ timely arrival,the big fire was finally put out.(due)
归因于
由于
预计
Thanks to
Due to
9.damage vt.& n.损坏,破坏;损害,伤害
(1)cause/do damage to对……伤害/破坏
damage sb.’s career/reputation/health损害某人的事业/名誉/健康
(2)damaging adj.有破坏性的,损害的
damaged adj.被破坏的
【佳句背诵】The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million.[自然灾害]
地震造成的财产损失估计为600万美元。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage
our children.
②The weakened currency could have (damage) effects on the economy.
③He will receive physical therapy on his (damage) left knee.
众所周知,吸烟会损害我们的健康。
→④As we all know,smoking can .(damage n.)
→⑤As we all know,smoking can .(damage v.)
to
damaging
damaged
do/cause damage to our health
damage our health
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
mass
A.n.大量 B.n.团,块,堆 C.n.一大群
①I struggled through the mass of people to the exit.
②There’s masses of work for her to do.
③On his desk is a mass of books and papers.
C
A
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.soil
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. We have the most fertile soil in the Midwest.
n. It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.
生义 v. I don’t want you to soil your hands with this sort of work.
土壤
国土,领土,土地
弄脏
2.nut
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. Nuts and seeds are good sources of Vitamin E.
生义 n. Annie is a true baseball nut.
3.region
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. The region is too dry for plants to grow.
生义 n. He suffered a pain in the region of the heart.
坚果
狂热爱好者
地区,区域,行政区
身体部位
重点句式——多维剖析
1.完全倒装句
【教材原句】Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那之上是在黑暗的森林地面上的大量落叶。
(1)当主语是名词 (短语) 时,为了强调句中的状语或表语,保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(2)当here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,off等表示地点、方位或时间等的词置于句首,谓语动词为go,come,run,lie等且主语是名词时,常用完全倒装。
【佳句背诵】Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each;gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.[体育赛事]
即使是足球迷每个人也都有座位;成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级
①Next (come) the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
②Hearing the dog barking fiercely,the thief fled away.(改为倒装句)
→Hearing the dog barking fiercely, .
came
away fled the thief
2.It is/was+过去分词+that...
【教材原句】It was reported that in 2011,about 34 million people lived in the Amazon.
据报道,2011年,大约有3400万人在亚马孙地区生活。
(1)“It is/was +过去分词+that...”常译为“据……;有人……;人们……”;当本句型中使用suggest,propose,request,recommend等表示“建议,主张,要求”之类的动词的过去分词时,that从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
(2)“It is/was +过去分词+that...”还可以转换为“sth./sb.+be +过去分词+to do”的结构,有这种用法的动词有say,think,report,believe,suppose,consider等。
(3)“It is/was+形容词+that...”中的形容
词是necessary,important,natural,strange等时,that从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
(4)“It is/was+名词+that...”中的名词是a pity,a shame,no wonder等时,句子可译为“……真是遗憾/难怪……”。
【佳句背诵】It’s said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.[历史文化]
据说历史是由胜利者书写的,而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①It (say) that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.
② is reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
据报道,这部电影在国外很受欢迎。
→③ the film is well received overseas.
→④ to be well received overseas.
is said
It
It is reported that
The film is reported(共44张PPT)
Part 1 Language points
Part 2 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.温室,暖房
2. n.气体;煤气;汽油
3. n.小册子
4. n.奖章,勋章
5. n.形象;图像;意象
6. vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
7. n.生活环境,栖息地
8. adv.无处,哪里都不
greenhouse
gas
brochure
medal
image
track
habitat
nowhere
识记阅读词汇
1.belt n.
2.shark n.
3.whale n.
4.deer n.
5.dolphin n.
地带,地区;腰带;传送带
鲨鱼
鲸
鹿
海豚
串记拓展词汇
1.global adj.全球的;全面的→ adv.全球地;全局地;世界上
→ n.地球,世界;地球仪
2.drought n.旱灾,久旱→ adj.干的;干旱的,少雨的
3.application n.应用,运用;申请→ v.申请;应用
→ n.申请人
4.organization n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理→ v.组织;使有系统化→ n.组织者→ adj.有组织的;安排有秩序的
5.absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地;极其→ adj.绝对的;完全的
globally
globe
dry
apply
applicant
organize
organizer
organized
absolute
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 遗漏,省去,不考虑
2. 想出,想到
3. (公开)要求;需要
4. 尽一切努力
5. 远离,回避
6. 参加
7. 清理
8. 突然记起(或想到)
leave out
come up with
call for
make every effort
keep away from
take part in
clean up
spring to mind
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
habitat n.生活环境,栖息地
【佳句背诵】The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest.[动物保护]
熊猫的自然栖息地是竹林。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.come up with想出,想到
come across被理解;被传达;偶遇
come about发生
come down下降;落下
come into进入,得到
come out出版;出现
come to达到;苏醒
【佳句背诵】With that thought in mind,Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community website.[人物描写]
及物动词短语,但不用于被动语态;come up是不及物动词短语。
考虑到那一点,普鲁伊特想出了一个计划,并把它发布到社区网站上。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①But I recently came a study that shows why his approach works.
②The peace agreement came through intense pressure by the international community.
③Before the tool came ,small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.
④在过去的几年里,越来越多的人和组织开始提出计划来应对这一趋势。
In the past few years,an increasing number of people and organisations have begun ________ ________ ________ ________ to counter this trend.
across
about
out
coming up with plans
2.call for(公开)要求;需要
call on拜访(某人);号召
call at拜访/访问(某地);停靠(车站)
call off取消
call up打电话,使想起
call back回电话
call out大声叫喊
【佳句背诵】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.[社会经济]
发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的指南和时间表的系统工程。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①He calls the both sides to strengthen communication so as to break down the barrier between them.
②He doesn’t always call me .He only calls me occasionally.
③In order to get familiar with the new neighbor,I decided to call
his house.
④Since the weather is bad,let’s call the trip.
⑤经营一家公司需要智慧、耐心和丰富的经验。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________intelligence,patience and a lot of experience.
on
up
at
off
Running a company calls for
3.track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
(1)track down搜寻到;跟踪找到
(2)on track走上正轨
keep track of记录;保持联系
lose track of失去联系
track and field田径;田径赛
【佳句背诵】Through the Internet,Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko.[人物介绍]
扎克通过互联网找到了科拉多的妹妹艾德琳·罗科。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①But unlike most collectors,Zac tracks the medals’ rightful owners,and returns them.
②Hopefully,the new method will be effective,helping students to get their career plans track.
③看那只鸟!它可能与其他鸟儿失联了。
Look at that bird! It ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ other birds.
down
on
may have lost track of
4.nowhere adv.无处,哪里都不
(1)nowhere位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
(2)nowhere n.无处,不存在的地方
【佳句背诵】I’m not sure which is more frightened,me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.[人物描写]
我不知道哪个更害怕,是我还是突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的词性及含义/句式升级
①They organized an activity for those who had nowhere to go on New Year’s Eve.
②Nowhere were the flowers so beautiful as in my garden!
③You can find such a beautiful hotel nowhere else.(改为倒装句)
→ find such a beautiful hotel.
n.无处
adv.无处
Nowhere else can you
重点句式——多维剖析
1.wish后接宾语从句的用法
【教材原句】I wish we could also do something to help.
我希望我们也能帮点忙。
wish后接宾语从句时,常常表示一种假想的情况,一般要用虚拟语气。宾语从句中用虚拟语气一般分为下列几种情况:
(1)如果假想的情况与主语的愿望同时发生,则宾语从句谓语动词用过去时,be动词用were。
(2)假如宾语从句中的谓语发生在主语的愿望之前,则从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。
(3)如果宾语从句中假想的情况在主语的愿望之后发生,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might + 动词原形”。
wish后除接that引导的宾语从句外,还可用于以下搭配:
wish to do sth.希望做某事
wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
wish for sth.希望得到某物
【佳句背诵】I wish that speaker had spoken longer.[人物介绍]
我希望那个演讲者说得久一点。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish (communicate).
②I wish I (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.
③Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance) as well as her.
④It’s better to leave your listeners wishing more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
⑤I really wish my parents to travel with me at this very moment.(改为复合句)
→I really wish me at this very moment.
to communicate
had been
danced
for
my parents traveled with
2.What if... 如果……将会怎么样
【教材原句】What if nobody goes
如果没有人去将会怎么样呢
(1)what if 用于提出假设时,意思是“假若……,假若……怎么办,要是……将会怎么样”,其后句子可用陈述语气(用一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或should+动词原形)。
(2)what if还有“如果……怎么样;如果……如何”的含义,表示邀请或建议。
(3)what about/how about ……怎么样(表建议)
what’s more而且,更重要的是
so what那又怎么样
what for为何目的
what’s up怎么回事
【佳句背诵】What if it rained and froze all through those months
[环境描写]
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①What ,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology
② more,the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect the unique culture of our school.
③—Mary may not like the idea,you know.
—So I don’t care what she minds.
④ We’ve discussed the unusual form of the book.Now,what the content
⑤如果骑自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班该怎么办呢
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
really needed transportation to get to work
if
What’s
what
about
What if the person who’d taken his bike
3.so+助动词+主语
【教材原句】As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在持续增长。
(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也是如此”,表示前面的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或另一件事。
(2)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”,表示前面提到的否定情况也适合于另一个人或另一件事,意为“……也不……”。
(3)“So it is with.../It is the same with...”表示前面的混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)适合于另一个人或另一件事,意为“……也一样”。
(4)“so+主语+助动词/情态动词”,用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容,可译为“是的,对”或“的确如此”。
(5)if等连词引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,但主句要用一般将来时,因此so/neither/nor后的主句要用助动词shall或will。
【佳句背诵】The woman was astonished,and so was I.[人物描写]
这位女士很惊讶,我也很惊讶。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①Tom disagrees to this plan and does his sister.
②She doesn’t like playing football and nor I.
③Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and__________ was I.
④Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.It was the same Jane.
⑤No other countries could join in the Olympics and slaves and women couldn’t either.
→No other countries could join in the Olympics,_______________________ slaves or women.
so
do
neither/nor
with
neither/nor could
Part 2 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
省略
1.—Will Mr.Brown come,too
—Yes.He promised to (come),but he hasn’t turned up yet.
2.Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals,if (it is) not handled properly,may lead to spreading diseases.
3.When (I am) faced with the difficulties and failures,I must overcome them.
4.—Are you a teacher
—No,but I used to be (a teacher).
5.The building (which is) being built now will be our teaching building.
【语法感悟】
观察上面句子中的黑体部分可知,为了避免重复,保持语言简洁,可以根据上下文的紧密联系将句子中的一个或几个成分省去。在学习中要注意领会这种用法。
语法精讲
一、简单句的省略
1.省略句子的主语,在交际用语中出现的较多
(I)Hope to hear from you soon.
我希望很快收到你的来信。
(I)Beg your pardon.
请再说一遍。
2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
(Have you) Got any ink
有墨水吗
3.省略宾语
Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash (dishes) and you’ll dry (dishes).
我们来洗餐具吧。我来洗(餐具),你来擦(餐具)。
—Which of them is the better choice
哪一个是更好的选择
—Well,it’s hard to tell (it).
嗯,很难说。
二、并列句中的省略
1.省略共同的主语和谓语动词
His performance kept us amused,but (his performance kept) himself tired.
他的表演让我们快乐,但是使他自己很累。
2.省略共同的助动词、情态动词等
Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.
那时小明一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
三、复合句中的省略
1.定语从句的省略
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,这个关系代词可以省略。
Do you remember the place (which/that) we visited last year
你记得我们去年参观的那个地方吗
He’s the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。
2.宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略,但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie actor will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).
我知道一名影视演员要来我们城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。
3.状语从句的省略
(1)当when,while,if,as if,though,as,until,unless等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
When (the novel is) published,the novel will become one of the best-sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候将会成为当年的畅销书之一。
Although (he was) hard-working,he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作,但他赚不到足够的钱来养活自己。
(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs).
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
四、虚拟语气中的省略
1.虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday,you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。
2.在“一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)”等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略should。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.
我们有必要用心多记一些单词。
五、动词不定式的省略
1.有些动词(词组),如want,wish,expect,hope,would like,try,forget等后面的不定式作宾语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车,可他妈妈告诉他不要骑。
2.感官动词(词组)see,look at,hear,listen to,notice,watch等和使役动词make,let,have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
I didn’t know who made her cry.
我不知道谁把她惹哭了。
3.在某些句式中,如介词but前有动词do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。
I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。
4.两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则to不可省略。
His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.
他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。
六、介词的省略
1.在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动词-ing形式。如spend time/money (in) doing sth.;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.;prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.
她每天花半小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有些困难。
2.表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tomorrow等词之前,一般可省略。
We have a final exam every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。
【即学即练】单句写作
1.如果我们让环境条件来决定人类生活的节奏会怎样
________ ________ ________ ________ ___________ _________ to set the tempo of human life
2.这个男孩很少帮助他的父母做家务;他的妹妹也如此。
The boy seldom helps his parents with the housework; ________ ________ ________ ________ .
3.汤姆真希望他在大学时学的是商业而不是历史。
Tom wished that ________ ________ ________ ________instead of history when he was in university.
What if we allowed environmental conditions
neither/nor does
his sister
he had studied business
4.她在独自步行回家的路上不断地往后看。
She looked backward constantly ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
5.有些人用过我的字典,但我不知道是谁。
Someone has used my dictionary,but ______ _______ ________ ________.
6.如果他愿意,他可以很好地回答这些问题,但他没有。
He could answer the questions very well ________ ________ ________, ________ ________ ________.
when walking alone on
her way home
I don’t know who
if he would
but he didn’t
