(共51张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
Read the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.
The main theme is .
about the value of science
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.Scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
Para.2 B.Science can provide us with the intellectual enjoyment.
Para.3 C.Duty of scientists.
Para.4 D.Scientists have the freedom to doubt.
Paras.5-6 E.After working on the atomic bomb during the war he realized
the devil of science.
Para.7 F.Before the war,he thought science was useful.
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What does the word “evil” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Crime. B.Impact.
C.Mistake. D.Disadvantage.
2.How did the author introduce the topic
A.By asking a question.
B.By making a comparison.
C.By giving an example.
D.By quoting a famous saying.
A
A
3.What made the author change his attitude to science’s value
A.His experience during the war.
B.His research on science.
C.His knowledge about science.
D.His common sense.
4.What rhetorical device(修辞手法) is used in the last paragraph
A.Simile. B.Personification.
C.Parallelism. D.Hyperbole.
A
C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
What’s your opinion of science
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the value of science.
(1)The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone:scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
(2)Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing what the scientists should do.
It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to declare the value of this freedom;to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed;and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Despite the deep love and 1. (devote) to science,the destructive results of science caused him 2. (think) twice about the lingering question after the war—what’s the value of science.
devotion
to think
The first value in his view is its 3. (power) creation,good or bad,depending on 4. we use them.Intellectual enjoyment,the 5. (two) value,lasts during the process of exploring and discovering mysteries 6. (base) on scientific knowledge we are equipped 7. .Freedom to doubt,8. greatest value,was won through a cruel struggle by brave pioneers.9. _____________ (consequent),it’s our responsibility to defend,advocate and pass it down to the following 10. (generation).
powerful
how
second
based
with
the
Consequently
generations
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.Put another way,what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to — the thing I had loved — when I saw what terrible things it could do
同位语 定语从句 时间状语从句
[尝试翻译]
定语从句
换句话说,当我发现科学可能造成的恶果时,我长期以来全身心投入的科学,我曾经的挚爱,价值何在
2. 引导宾语从句
Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
[尝试翻译]
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.炸弹;核武器 vt.轰炸
2. vt.牵涉,影响;包含;(使)参加
3. n.赞扬,认可;信用 vt.存入金额;把……归于
4. adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n.品行,道德;寓意
5. vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
6. n.权威;权力;官方
bomb
involve
credit
moral
apply
authority
7. vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证
8. vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
9. n.国籍;民族
10. vt.出版,发行;发表;公布
permit
declare
nationality
publish
识记阅读词汇
1.atomic adj.
2.evil n.
adj.
3.intellectual adj.
n.
4.mystery n.
5.evolution n.
原子能的,原子的
罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处
恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的
知识分子,脑力劳动者
神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品
进化;演变,发展
串记拓展词汇
1.scientific adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的→ n.科学
→ n.科学家
2.negate vt.取消,使无效;否认,否定→ n.否定,否认;拒绝
→ adj.消极的,否认的→ adv.消极地;否定地
3.ignorance n.无知→ adj.不了解的,无知的,无礼的
→ vt.忽视;对……不予理会
4.freedom n.自由→ adj.免费的;自由的,不受约束的 v.使自由,解放→ adv.自由地;免费地;大量地;慷慨地;直率地
5.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务→ adj.负责的;尽责的
6.marriage n.结婚,婚姻,已婚状态→ v.结婚;嫁;娶
→ adj.已婚的,有配偶的;婚姻的
science
scientist
negation
negative
negatively
ignorant
ignore
free
freely
responsible
marry
married
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-ity
名词后缀-ity通常与形容词结合,构成抽象名词,表示性质、情况、状态等。 如:
national→nationality
familiar→familiarity
real→reality
equal→equality
human→humanity
popular→popularity
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 为……所熟悉
2. 使某人失望
3. 翻转;把……翻过来
4. 关于,至于
5. 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
6. 提出,提议,建议
be familiar to
let sb.down
turn over
as to
take it for granted
put forward
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
freedom n.自由
【佳句背诵】Enjoy the freedom of the outdoors.[观点表述]
享受户外的自由吧。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.involve vt.牵涉;影响;包含;(使)参加
(1)involve doing sth.包括/需要做某事
involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人参与某事
involve oneself in参与
be/get involved in卷入,参与
(2)involvement n.牵连;包含
【佳句背诵】He was involved in a heated argument.[人物介绍]
他参与了一场激烈的争论。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①The test will involve (answer) questions about a photograph.
②We all need to get involved saving energy whether it’s at work,at home,or at school.
③Parents should involve themselves in their children’s education.
→Parents should their children’s education.
answering
in
be involved in
2.apply vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某事物
apply to do sth.申请做某事
apply to有效,适用
apply...to...把……应用/运用于
apply oneself to (to是介词) 致力于
(2)applied adj.应用的,实用的
application n.申请
applicant n.申请人
【佳句背诵】New technology is applied to almost every industrial process.[科学技术]
新的技术被应用到几乎每一个工业过程。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/句式升级
①You may apply in person or by letter;either will be OK.
②If the cut is deep,first tie a bandage around it and then ask a doctor to apply some medicine to it.
③The new discovery may be applied in medicine.
If you apply yourself to the job in hand,you’ll soon finish it.
→④ ,you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语)
→⑤ ,you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语)
申请
涂;敷
应用,运用
Applying yourself to the job in hand
Applied to the job in hand
3.let sb.down 使某人失望
let off排放,(使)爆炸
let out发出;泄露
let up减弱,缓和,减少,放松
let alone更不用说
let go of放开,放手
【佳句背诵】He chose not to continue his studies,which let his parents down.[人物介绍]
他选择不继续学业,这令父母失望。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①Inserting the correct “key” would let the nut.
②Working this way for one year was painful enough,let a lifetime.
③A resident of his neighbourhood had let fireworks to celebrate the revolution.
④The traffic in this city never lets ,even at night.
⑤Movies also disappoint us when things don’t look the way we imagine them in the books.
→ when things don’t look the way we imagine them in the books.
out
alone
off
up
Movies also let us down
4.ignorance n.无知
(1)out of ignorance 由于无知
be in ignorance of...不知道……
(2)ignorant adj.不了解的,无知的,无礼的
be ignorant of/about...对……不知道/不了解
(3)ignore v.忽视,忽略;不理睬
【佳句背诵】We are in complete ignorance of your plans.[人物介绍]
我们对你的计划一无所知。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Don’t make improper comments out of (ignore) before you know the whole story.
②People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing (ignore).
③He confessed himself that he was ignorant their family income.
④因为对公司文化一无所知,他没有通过面试。
He failed in the interview because he _______ _______ _______ _______the culture of the company.
ignorance
ignorant
of/about
was in ignorance of
5.take it for granted想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
take sth.seriously认真对待某事
take one’s time别着急;慢慢来
take it easy轻松;不紧张;从容;休息
take sth.into consideration/account把……考虑在内
take pride in以……自豪
take charge of负责,掌管
take advantage of利用
【佳句背诵】Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions,but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.[人物描写]
人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑掌握着所有的解决方案,但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The French take their 35-hour workweek (serious).
②When writing your profiles,take your strengths and weaknesses
consideration.
③我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
I just________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he’d always be available.
seriously
into
took it for granted that
6.permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能
n.许可证
(1)permit (doing) sth.允许(做)某事
permit sb.(to do) sth.允许某人(做)某事
(2)permission n.允许;许可
without permission未经许可
ask for permission请求允许
【佳句背诵】My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their permission.[事件描述]
我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的想法,并在他们的允许下给贝琪的爸爸打了电话。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①People need (permit) to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor.
②The rules of the school do not permit (park) near the school gate.
③The security system will not permit you (enter) without the correct password.
④政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料,使这台机器更容易运行。
The government has already________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________to make it easier for the machine to operate.
permission
parking
to enter
permitted the company to
use special materials
7.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务
(1)take responsibility for承担,责任
(2)responsible adj.有责任的,应负责任的
be responsible for 对……负责
【佳句背诵】It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.[人物介绍]
他们有责任确保规则得到执行。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①If you feel stressed by (responsible) at work,you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.
②We’ll be responsible your safety and without doubt you should take responsibility for your actions.
③Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.
→Police believe that the same man three other murders in the area.
responsibilities
for
takes responsibility for
8.declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
(1)declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that宣布……
(2)declaration n.申报;宣布;公告;申诉书
【佳句背诵】I was annoyed in that period and stopped practising,declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career.[人物介绍]
在那个时期,我很烦恼,停止了练习,宣称我的歌唱事业已经达到了顶峰。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Some scientists declare most of our tiredness comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.
②What is known to us is that the Chinese government has declared
terrorism openly.
③The Secretary General says the (declare) must now be backed up by specific and effective actions.
④你知道第二次世界大战期间英国是什么时候对德国宣战的吗
Do you know when Britain________ ________ ________ ________ during the second World War
that
against
declaration
declared war on Germany
9.put forward 提出,提议,建议
put away收拾起来(放好);储蓄
put aside放在一边;搁置;储蓄
put off推迟;延期
put on穿上;上演;增加
put out扑灭
put through接通电话
put up举起;张贴;提供膳宿
put up with忍受
put back把……放回原处;拨慢(钟表指针)
【佳句背诵】The proposals she put forward in this report are very significant.[人物描写]
她在这份报告中提出的建议很有意义。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①The next minute,the porridge boiled over and put the fire.
②Encourage children to put some of their pocket money to buy the Spring Festival presents.
③We can’t put buying a new printer for our company.
④To make space in the bedroom,she put her winter clothes and took them to the storeroom.
⑤The teacher came up with a plan and posted it on the blackboard.
→The teacher and posted it on the blackboard.
out
aside
off
away
put forward a plan
多义词汇——自主练透
教材熟词生义
1.credit
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Your account has been credited with $50,000.
v. The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.
生义 v. He’s been promoted — would you credit it
存入金额
把……归于
相信
2.authority
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.
生义 n. It was done without the principal’s authority.
权威;权力
官方批准
3.declare
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. The area has been declared a national park.
生义 v. The Italian team declared their first inning.
表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
宣布结束赛局
重点句式——多维剖析
1.either...or...要么……要么……
【教材原句】Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.
科学知识是一种使人有能力行善或作恶的力量,但它并没有提供如何运用科学知识的说明。
(1)either...or...是并列连词,在句中连接并列成分,表示选择关系。当该结构连接并列成分作主语时,句子中的谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则。其否定形式为neither...nor...,意为“既不……也不……”。
(2)除了either...or...连接并列主语,谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则外,有类似用法的短语还有:not only...but also...,neither...nor...,not...but...等。
【佳句背诵】Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.[科学实验]
研究人员训练了11只狗,让它们区分同一个人的高兴或生气的面部表情。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①You should have a good command of either English French.
②Either my sister or my mother (be) going to see a film.
③无论是在中国还是在其他国家,关于中国的纪录片越来越受到外国人的欢迎。
Documentaries about China,produced________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________,are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners.
or
is
either in China
or in other countries
2.such...that...如此……以至于
【教材原句】Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married,he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage.
达尔文是一个非常细致严谨的人,在他决定结婚之前,他仔细地列出了婚姻的利与弊。
(1)such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,可以构成如下结构:
①such+adj.+不可数名词+that...
②such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...
③such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...
(2)so...that...也可表示“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句可以构成如下结构:
①so+adj./adv.+that...
②so+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数+that...
③so+many/much/few/little+n.+that...
(3)在so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句中,so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
【佳句背诵】It is such a good film that I like to see it a second time.
[课余生活]
这部电影如此好,以至于我想再看一遍。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①The disagreement was sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
②There are many works in Louvre that it would take a lifetime to see everything.
The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
→③ that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
→④ that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.(倒装句)
so
so
It is such delicious food
So delicious is the food(共35张PPT)
Part 1 Language points
Part 2 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
2. vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出
3. n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇
4. vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
5. n.学说;论;原理;看法,意见
surround
indicate
accident
favour
theory
6. n.雷雨,雷暴
7. vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满
n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
8. adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物)
thunderstorm
charge
standout
识记阅读词汇
1.penicillin n.
2.mould n.
vt.
3.bacteria n.
4.lightning n.
5.ribbon n.
6.metal n.
7.bang n.
vi.& vt.
青霉素,盘尼西林
霉菌;模具;类型
浇铸;塑造
细菌
闪电
带子,丝带;带状物
金属
突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击
砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞
串记拓展词汇
1.intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的→ n.智力,才智;
智能
2.politician n.政治家,从政者;投机钻营者→ n.政治,政治学
→ adj.政治的
3.electricity n.电,电能→ adj.电的,发电的,电动的
→ adj.电的,用电的;与电有关的
intelligence
politics
political
electric
electrical
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 偶然,意外地
2. 远离;远非;完全不
3. 显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄
4. 由于
5. 期待
6. 很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响
by accident
far from
show off
due to
look forward to
with a bang
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的
【佳句背诵】Are there intelligent beings on other planets [自然科学]
其他星球上有智慧生物吗
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
(1)surround oneself with sb.使自己身边围绕某人
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.周围的事物,环境
【佳句背诵】The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which was surrounded by a high wire fence.[动物描写]
这只饥饿的熊跟着它的嗅觉来到我们的营地,那里被高高的铁丝栅栏包围着。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
② (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.
③They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded______________ (surround) of the town.
④我逐渐意识到成功的关键在于努力让自己周围都是有创造力的人。
I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
surrounding
Surrounded
surroundings
surround myself
with creative people
2.indicate vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出
(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人提及某事
indicate that...暗示/表明……
(2)indication n.指示,指出;迹象;象征
indication of/as to... ……的迹象,……的指示
there’s (no) indication of.../that...(没)有迹象表明……
【佳句背诵】You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.[申请信]
你必须提供健康证明,证明你适合工作。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an
(indicate)of whether someone is a healthy weight.
②As far as I’m concerned,there is no evidence (indicate) that he is a qualified tutor.
③这表明数量在他们的大脑中有一种特定的表达方式。
________ ________ ________there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains.
indication
indicating
This indicates that
3.accident n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇
(1)by accident = by chance偶然,意外地
by no accident绝非偶然
(2)accidental adj.意外的,偶然的
accidentally adv.意外地,偶然地
【佳句背诵】Road accidents,which had fallen for years,are now rising sharply.[交通事故]
多年来一直下降的交通事故现在急剧上升。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①I didn’t think our meeting was (accident)—he must have known I would be there.
②She arrived just as we were leaving,but I’m not sure whether this was
accident or by design.
③When he looked down,he (accident) slipped and fell over the edge.
④他切菜时不小心切到了手指。
He sliced into his fingers _______ ______________when cutting vegetables.
accidental
by
accidentally
by accident/chance
4.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
(1)in favour of 支持,赞同;有利于
in sb.’s favour 有利于某人
(2) do sb.a favour 给某人以恩惠;帮助某人
ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
(3)favourable adj.赞同的;有利的;良好的
favourite adj.& n.特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
【佳句背诵】I now understand why my brother favours the quiet.[人物介绍]
我现在明白为什么我哥哥比较喜欢安静了。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/单句写作
①We have to apply the same rules to everyone,showing no favour.
②Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.
③I want to ask a favour of you.Will you lend me your car
④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad,and she was all in favour of going abroad.
⑤请求美国总统的帮助不是一件小事,尤其是对一个17岁的女孩来说。
_________ ________ ________ ________the President of the United States was no casual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
偏爱,偏袒
喜爱
帮助
赞同
Asking a favour of
5.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
(1)in charge of负责,掌管
in the charge of由……负责/掌管
free of charge免费
take charge of负责,掌管
(2)charge sb./sth.for...为……向某人/某物要价
charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人
【佳句背诵】Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.[社会生活]
如未能提供足够的陪同人员,每位缺席的成人将被额外收取50美元的费用。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①They charged me five dollars a cup of coffee.
②As the Community Manager in KidPass,you’ll take charge a vivid community for parents.
③The man wearing a blue hat was charged theft in the supermarket.
④These courses are online,free charge,and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection.
⑤The house has been in the charge of Mr.Bell for more than a year.
→Mr.Bell has been for more than a year.
for
of
with
of
in charge of the house
重点句式——多维剖析
too...to...太……而不能……
【教材原句】Knowing it was too dangerous to hold the wet line,Franklin held a silk ribbon tied to the end of it.
富兰克林知道太危险而不能拿湿漉漉的绳子,于是他拿了一条丝带系在绳子的末端。
(1)...be too + adj.+ to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”,表示否定意义。若句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,则不定式要用主动形式;若不定式是不及物动词,则要加上介词。
(2)有时该结构中的不定式不是状语,而是定语,不表示否定意义。
(3)若在该句式中使用形容词kind,ready,anxious,glad,pleased,delighted,easy,willing,eager等,则往往不表示否定意义,此时too前通常有only,all,but,simply,just等词修饰,too相当于very,该结构表示肯定。
(4)can never/not +动词+too+ adj./adv.+ to do sth.意为“再做某事也不过分,越做某事越好”。
【佳句背诵】She was too exhausted to write after a busy day.[人物介绍]
忙了一天,她累得写不出来。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always busy to carry on a conversation with her.
②They were worried that I was too selfish (give).
③The car is so expensive that I can’t afford it.
→The car is it.
too
to give
too expensive for me to afford
Part 2 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
①Encouraged by his teacher,a little boy ②named Tim went to a forest with his friends last fall.There they saw many beautiful trees and animals.They also collected many ③fallen leaves.This experience made them ④more interested in nature.
【语法感悟】
动词-ed形式在句中可作定语、状语和宾语补足语等。观察上文中的黑体部分可知,①在句中作 ,②③在句中作 ,④在句中作 。
状语
定语
宾语补足语
语法精讲
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语的特征
(1)前置定语与后置定语的特征:单个的过去分词在句中作定语一般位于被修饰词前,而过去分词短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。
The daily number of newly cured and discharged patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.
日均新增治愈出院人数超过新增确诊人数。
【温馨提示】
①有些单个的过去分词,如left(剩下的),given(指定的),concerned(有关的)等,习惯上用作后置定语。
②在修饰something,anyone,everything,nobody等不定代词和指示代词those时,即使是单个的过去分词作定语,也要放在后面。
He wanted to interview someone related to the matter.
他想采访与此事有关的人。
(2)语态和时间概念上的特征:不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动意义;及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
A number of roads have been blocked by fallen trees.
一些道路被倒下的树堵住了。
The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations.
美丽的长树枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,成为梦幻般的装饰品。
【温馨提示】
过去分词作定语表示被动、完成意义,而现在分词作定语表示主动、进行意义。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
During the Spring Festival,people will wander along the streets____________ (decorate) with red lanterns.
decorated
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
1.时间状语:相当于when,while等引导的时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加when或while等来强调时间概念。
The birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage.
事实证明,鸟儿被关在笼子里时擅长使用工具。
2.原因状语:相当于as,since,because引导的原因状语从句。
Satisfied with what he did,the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,所以在班上表扬了他。
3.条件状语:相当于if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Ordinary soap,used correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.
普通肥皂,如果使用正确,可以有效地处理细菌。
4.让步状语:相当于although,though,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
5.方式状语或伴随状语:作伴随状语或方式状语的过去分词没有对应的状语从句。
She lay trapped under the building for three days.
她被困在大楼下面三天了。
【温馨提示】
如果句子的主语不是过去分词的逻辑主语,那么作状语的过去分词前要加上自己的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上就是独立主格结构。
Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
由于长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常会受到健康问题的困扰。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1. (compare) to her sister,she was indeed very fortunate and happy.
2. (bury) in study,he didn’t know when it began to rain.
3.She was angry to see the beautiful coat (cover) with a lot of dirt.
4. (dress) in a grey suit,she stepped onto the stage gracefully.
Compared
Buried
covered
Dressed
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时通常有以下三种情况:
1.感官动词+宾语+过去分词:过去分词可表示被动、动作已完成。常见的感官动词有see,hear,notice,observe,smell,feel等。
We can hear the windows beaten by the rain drops.
我们可以听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。
2.使役动词+宾语+过去分词:过去分词可表示被动、动作已经完成。常见的使役动词有make,have,keep,get,leave等。
Students tend to have their heads lowered when they feel sorry for some mistakes.
当学生们为一些错误感到抱歉时,他们往往会低下头。
3.with+宾语+过去分词:过去分词可表示被动、动作已完成。
Already well over 400 of the total of,6,800 languages are close to extinction,with only a few elderly speakers left.
6 800种语言中,已有400多种濒临灭绝,只剩下少数年老的说这种语言。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose) for words.
2.你应该给出令人信服的证据使自己被信服。
You should give convincing evidence to .
3.现在大多数大学都为学生提供旨在帮助他们成功的课程。
Most colleges now offer students a lesson .
lost
make yourself convinced
designed to help them succeed(共57张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
素养导航·明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词 republic deadly survival broad intend
experiment trial limited household container
postpone sufficient error wisdom beneficial
conduct illustrate surround indicate accident
intelligent favour politician electricity theory
charge electric standout bomb involve
scientific credit moral apply negate
ignorance freedom authority permit responsibility
declare nationality publish marriage
语言
能力 重点短语 refer to speed up pay off through trial and error
by accident with a bang let sb.down as to
take it for granted put forward
重点句式 1.强调句型
2.“by+时间”作状语
3.without引导的含蓄条件句
4.too...to...太……而不能……
5.either...or...要么……要么……
6.such...that...如此……以至于……
核心语法 动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
主题写作 活动计划
文化
意识 1.认识科学技术的两面性。
2.感受中外科学家的优秀品质。
思维
品质 帮助学生认识科学发现的巨大推动作用,理解科学家的责任担当和科学精神的价值所在。
学习
能力 掌握形容词加后缀-dom,-ness构成抽象名词,动词加后缀-al,-ance,-ure构成抽象名词,形容词、动词、名词加后缀-age构成抽象名词。
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
Read the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.
The main theme is .
about a Chinese scientist who wins 2015 Nobel Prize
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional
Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Para.2 B.Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of
qinghaosu.
Paras.3-5 C.Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Para.6 D.Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they
successfully discovered qinghaosu.
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize
A.What she had done to fight against malaria.
B.The decreased death rate of malaria.
C.Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu.
D.Her contribution as the first female scientist.
A
2.What are paragraphs 3-5 mainly about
A.How complex the experiments were.
B.Tu Youyou’s difficulties and solutions.
C.The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates.
D.Lack of resources didn’t prevent the success of the scientist.
3.What can we learn from the text
A.Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine.
B.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize.
C.The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness.
D.The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.
B
A
4.Which is the right order of the following events
①Tu managed to make qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
②Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
③Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
④Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature.
A.③②④① B.③①②④
C.②①③④ D.②③④①
D
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you know about scientists
2.What other prizes do you know
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Tu Youyou.
(1)Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
(2)Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Tu Youyou’s team.
(1)Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.
(2)When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
(3)They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions,but they never gave up.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria,Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1. (receive) a Nobel Prize.
to receive
Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,Tu 2. (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine.In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3. malaria.4. (inspire) by a 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5._______ (effect) part.She finally succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.6. ,the trials on real patients were likely to 7. (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data.To speed up the process and ensure its 8. (safe),
studied
for
Inspired
effective
However
be postponed
safety
Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.In November 1972,they successfully discovered the most effective part of 9. extract and named it qinghaosu,10. is now a key part of many malaria medicines.Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
the
which
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
引导定语从句
[尝试翻译]
连接并列句
20世纪60年代,许多人死于疟疾,1969年,屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
2.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 引导原因状语从句
[尝试翻译]
因为他们没有充足的安全性数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能被推迟。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的
2. adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的
3. vi.& vt.想要,计划;意指
4. n.实验,试验;尝试,实践 vi.做实验,进行实验;尝试
5. n.试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验 vi.& vt.测试,试验
6. adj.家庭的,家用的,家务的 n.一家人,家庭
deadly
broad
intend
experiment
trial
household
7. vt.延迟, 延期
8. n.数据,资料,材料
9. n.错误,差错
10. vt.& vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止
postpone
data
error
conduct
识记阅读词汇
1.republic n.
2.malaria n.
3.province n.
4.extract n.
vt.
共和国,共和政体
疟疾
省,省份
提取物;选录
提取;选录;取出;设法得到
串记拓展词汇
1.survival n.生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物→ vi.& vt.生存;挺过(难关)→ n.幸存者
2.herb n.药草,香草;草本→ adj.药草的,香草的
3.limited adj.有限的→ n.限制;极限;界限
vt.限制→ adj.无限的
4.container n.容器;集装箱,货柜→ v.包含,容纳
5.sufficient adj.足够的,充足的→ adv.足够地,充足地
survive
survivor
herbal
limit
limitless
contain
sufficiently
6.wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→ adj.明智的,高明的;有学问的,精通的
7.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的→ vt.& vi.使受益;得益于 n.益处;救济金;奖金
8.illustrate vt.说明,解释,加插图于→ n.说明;插图;例证;图解
→ adj.说明的;作例证的;解说的→ n.插图画家;说明者;图解者
wise
benefit
illustration
illustrative
illustrator
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-dom
名词后缀-dom构成抽象名词,表示情况、状态、性质、身份、领域、界等。如:
free→freedom
chief→chiefdom
wise→wisdom
king→kingdom
film→filmdom
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 对……做出贡献
2. 查阅,参考,提到,谈及
3. 放弃
4. (使)加速
5. 成功,奏效,达到目的
6. 反复试验
7. 利用,吸收
8. 供应不足,缺乏
make contributions/a contribution to
refer to
give up
speed up
pay off
through trial and error
draw on
in short supply
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
sufficient adj.足够的,充足的
【佳句背诵】The money is not sufficient to cover everything that needs doing.[日常生活]
这笔钱不足以支付需要做的事情。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.intend vi.& vt.想要,计划;意指
(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算/想要做某事
intend sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
intend sth.for...为……准备某物
be intended for sth.为……准备(设计)的
be intended to be/do sth.目的是作为某物/做某事
(2)intention n.意图,目的,企图
have no intention of...无意……
with the intention of doing sth.抱有做某事的目的/打算
(3)intentional adj.故意的,蓄意的
【佳句背诵】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species.[动物保护]
GPNP旨在为所有物种提供更强有力的保护。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①It is not my (intend)to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection.
②I intended (take) up a part-time job,through which I can have my horizons broadened.
③The programme,which was intended to help the homeless,was set up.
→The programme, ,was set up.
intention
to take/taking
intended to help the homeless
2.refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及
(1)refer to...as...把……称作……
refer...to...把……提交给……
(2)reference n.谈到,提及;参考,查阅
in/with reference to关于
【佳句背诵】The trend,then,was towards the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.[文化生活]
当时的趋势是向“一便士报纸”发展,一便士报纸指的是公众可以广泛获得的报纸。
【即学即练】写出黑体部分的含义/单句写作
①Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.
②You can refer to online articles to complete your education.
③Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.
④We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
⑤事实上,传统也指那些一直在发展和被创造的事物。
In fact,tradition also ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ __________and that are still being created.
指的是
参考
查阅
提到
refers to the things that
have been developing
【易混辨析】
refer to 意为“查阅,参考”,后接所查的工具书或资料,如词典、笔记、参考书等
look up 意为“查阅,参考”,后接word,phrase等需要查找的对象,常用于“look up sth.in.../look sth.up in...”结构中。
3.limited adj.有限的
(1)limit n.限制,极限,界限 v.限制
limit sb./sth.(to sth.)限定某人/某物(在……范围内)
without limit无限地,无限制地
within (one’s) limits在一定范围内,适度地,有限度地
to the limit到极点,到了最大限度
have (no) limits有(没有)限度
set a limit to限制,控制
There is a limit (are limits) to...……是有限的。
(2)limitless adj.无限制的,无约束的
limitation n.限制,限定
【佳句背诵】We are doing our best with the limited resources available.
[环境保护]
我们正在用有限的资源尽最大的努力。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,but they may also (limited) our thinking.
②To lose weight,he limits himself three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
③He was born in a poor family,and only received a (limit) education in his childhood.
④在中国的大城市里,汽车的速度被限制在每小时30千米以内。
The speed of cars ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ per hour in large cities in China.
limit
to
limited
is limited to 30 kilometres
4.postpone v.延迟,延期
(1)postpone sth.(to/until...) 把某事延期(到……)
postpone doing sth.延迟做某事
(2)postponement n.延期;延缓
【佳句背诵】The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather.[学校生活]
比赛因天气不好而延期到下周六进行。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①They had purposely postponed (go) to London till the autumn.
②We’ll have to postpone the meeting next week.
③The (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.
④由于天气不好,我们的校运动会推迟到下周五。
Due to the bad weather,our school sports meeting________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
going
until/to
postponement
has been
postponed to/until next Friday
5.pay off 获得成功,得到回报
pay back偿还;报复
pay for支付;赔偿;因……受罚,因……受痛
【佳句背诵】Our hard work paid off and Dr.Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings.[人物介绍]
我们的努力得到了回报,亨德森医生对我们的奇妙发现非常满意。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Families are pressed for time,many with both parents working to pay
their house.
②You may rely on it that he will pay all the debts.
③环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得
成效。
The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
for
back
seem to be paying
off
6.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的
(1)be beneficial to 对……有利
(2)benefit vt.使受益;得益 n.利益;益处
benefit from...从……中获益
be of benefit to对……有益处
for the benefit of...= for one’s benefit为了……的利益
(3)beneficially adv.受益地
【佳句背诵】However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.[文化生活]
然而,出于同样的原因,当一个人处于痛苦中时,音乐也可以是非常有益的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be (benefit) for,which is what makes music so valuable.
②The (beneficial)of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
beneficial
benefits
③In my opinion,students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
很好地了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
→④Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will .(beneficial adj.)
→⑤Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will .(benefit n.)
→⑥ Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will____________ you.(benefit v.)
from
be very beneficial to you
be of great benefit to you
greatly benefit
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.broad
A.adj.广泛的 B.adj.宽(阔)的 C.adj.概括的
①The room is three metres long and two metres broad.
②The negotiators reached broad agreement on the main issues.
③There is broad support for the government’s policies.
B
C
A
2.trial
A.n.试用,试验 B.n.审讯,审判
①The new drug is undergoing clinical trials.
②The men were arrested but not brought to trial.
A
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.deadly
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.
adj. We sat in deadly silence.
生义 adj. The lecture was absolutely deadly.
致命的
彻底的
令人厌烦的
2.province
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. The province is heavily forested and sparsely populated.
生义 n. I’m afraid the matter is outside my province.
省,省份
范围
3.broad
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. He is tall,broad and muscular.
adj. In broad terms,the paper argues that each country should develop its own policy.
生义 adj. He greeted them with a wave and a broad smile.
广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的
概括的
咧开大嘴的 (笑)
重点句式——多维剖析
1.强调句型
【教材原句】However,it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.
然而,直到20世纪70年代,在多次失败的实验之后,屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
(1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。多用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语;
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分
(4) not...until...结构的强调句型:It is/was not until...that...。
【佳句背诵】But it is the harbor that makes the city.[社会发展]
但正是港口造就了城市。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
① was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country together,through which I learned a lot about your food,culture and history.
②It’s a technique helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
③He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.(对主语进行强调)
→ poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.
It
that
It was he that/who
2.“by+时间”作状语
【教材原句】By then,the fight against malaria had achieved only limited success.
到那时,防治疟疾的工作只取得了有限的成功。
“by+时间”作状语句子时态如下:
(1)“by+现在时间”,主句用现在完成时;
(2)“by+过去时间”,主句用过去完成时;
(3)“by+将来时间”,主句用将来完成时。
【佳句背诵】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated,he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies.[人物介绍]
马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①By now,five villagers (attack) by the hairy creature.
②By the end of 2020,Pruitt (repair) more than 140 for donation or to be returned to their owners.
③The railway (complete) by the end of next year.
④大约到公元前6 000年,人们已经发现了种植的最好的庄稼和饲养的最好的牲畜。
By about 6,000 BCE,people _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
to grow and animals to raise.
have been attacked
had repaired
will have been completed
had discovered the best crops
3.without引导的含蓄条件句
【教材原句】Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.
如果没有对传统中医和西医的广泛了解,屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。
(3)类似without这样能够表示含蓄条件的词语还有:but for(要不是), otherwise(否则),or(否则)等。
(1)without引导的状语可用来表示一种假设,表示与实际情况相反,这种条件称为含蓄条件,也可换成if引导的非真实条件句。
(2)在这种含蓄条件的句式中,句子谓语动词的变化如下:
与现在事实相反 谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done
与将来事实相反 谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形
【佳句背诵】Without art, life would be boring and dead still,for art is a part of what makes us human.[文化艺术]
没有艺术,生活将是乏味的、静止的,因为艺术是成就人类的一部分。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①Without your help,the job wouldn’t (complete) in time.
②I couldn’t (go)through that bitter period without your generous help.
If he had followed my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job.
→③ ,he would have lost his job.
→④ ,he would have lost his job.
have been completed
have gone
Without my advice
But for my advice
