2023-2024学年高考英语二轮复习 名词 学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年高考英语二轮复习 名词 学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-07 21:53:54 | ||
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名词 n.
课型：复习课
学习目标：
1. 名词的“数”及复数名词的构成
2. 名词所有格及名词构词法
一、基本概念
名词是表示人与事物的名称的词。
名词的分类
名 词 类 别 意 义 例 词
专有名词 表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称 Jim , China, Qingdao, America
普通名词 可 数 名 词 个体名词 表示单个人的人或事物 girl, student, factory
集体 名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 people, class, family
不 可 数 名 词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water, tea, oil, ice
抽象名词 表示抽象概念的词 fun, happiness, love
三、名词的数的变化规则：
可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
分 类 变化方法 举 例
规 则 变 化 单数名词词尾直接加-s boy — boys pen — pens
以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—babies lady —ladies
以“o”结尾的多数加-s radios zoos photos pianos kilos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es： tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes Negro-Negroes (黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆)
以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves thief---thieves
不 规 则 变 化 固定形式 man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice child-children，tooth-teeth
特 殊 形 式
单复数同形 sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese
合成名词变成复数的情况： ●将主体名词变为复数 ●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 ●将两部分都变为复数 ●a girl student—two girl students a passer-by—three passers-by ●a grown-up—many grown-ups ●women singers men teachers
1.注意以下名词数的概念
① 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)
physics(物理), maths（数学）, politics(政治)，the United States
② 集体名词class, family, audience, team等可作单数，也可作复数。
The class is big. The class are taking notes in English.
③不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。如：
a piece of news, a piece of advice
⑤ 常见的不可数名词有：
homework, information, knowledge, weather, advice, fun, news, progress等。
⑥由数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数
My brother is a six-year-old boy. My brother is six years old.
四、名词的格
（一）’s
在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加’s， 如the boy’s bag 男孩的书包
2） 如果名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加’，如：the teachers’ office
3） 如果名词是复数，但不带词尾-s, 则加’s. 如：Women’s Day
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber’s 理发店。
（二）of所有格
1）一般来说，用于无生命的名词 如：the gate of our school
2）有生命的名词’s 所有格可与of所有格相互转换。the girl’s name= the name of the girl
（三）双重所有格
把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系的结构就构成了名词的双重所有格。
如：a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。He is a friend of mine 他是我的一个朋友。
五、名词的修饰语
1. 常见的修饰可数名词复数的词语：
many 很多 a number of若干several 有几个 a large number of 大量的 dozens of 数十个 few/a few等
2.常见的修饰不可数名词的词语：
little 很少、几乎没有（表示否定意思） a little 有一些（表示肯定意思）much 很多
3. 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词语：
some 一些 a lot of/ lots of 很多 enough 足够的millions of 数百万的 all 全部
六. 初中阶段常见的名词后缀：
1.-or e.g. visit-visitor; act-actor; translate-translator; invent-inventor
2.-er e.g. teach-teacher; write-writer; sing-singer; report-reporter; play-player
3.-ist e.g. science-scientist; piano-pianist; tour-tourist; art-artist
4.-ment e.g. develop-development; agree-agreement; argue-argument
5.-ness e.g. ill-illness; happy-happiness; kind-kindness
6.-th e.g. warm---warmth; true---truth; grow—growth
7.-tion或-ion e.g. introduce-introduction; suggest-suggestion; discuss-discussion
8.-ce e.g. patient-patience; important-importance; confident-confidence
名词n. 练习题：
一 将以下名词单数变为复数
foot man family air potato church
dish lady story roof knife thief
photo mouse child homework information
knowledge weather advice self
news progress class glass
二 单句语法填空
1. Most of the important ________(city) in the world suffer from traffic jams.
2. The __________(child) are playing football now.
3. Please take two ________(photo) for me.
4. A few ________(boy) are drawing on the wall.
5. In autumn, you can see a lot of _________(leaf) on the ground.
6. There are many ________(box) here.
7. Many ________(hero) have set good examples for us to follow.
8. We are going to talk about several _________(question) at the meeting.
9. There is a piece of interesting news in________(today)newspaper.
10. I saw many ________(Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
11. There are ten_______(woman) teachers and two hundred ______(girl) students in the school.
12. Father went to his doctor for _______(advise) about his heart trouble.
13. I live near the station. It’s only about five __________(minute) walk.
14. I often go to my _________(aunt) on Sunday.
15. Football is so exciting that _________(million) of people in the world play it.
16. The broken _________(glass) may cut into your hand if you touch it.
17. Would you please clean your ________(tooth) now
18. In general, Chopin is a _________(piano) of great ability.
Can you tell us your recipe for _________(happy) and a long life
I met a friend of ________(me) yesterday.
Taylor takes an interest in science and he wants to be a _______(science).
Do you have any (suggest)
You should take more __________(exercise). Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_________(exercise).
There is a ( teacher) desk on the platform.
He is a friend of my (brother).
I didn’t know Jam had two (knife).
The police caught these (thief) who took a woman’s wallet away.
三 单句改错
Now people get a lot of informations from TV.
2. The cellphones are of different size.
Li Hua is 8 year old.
What a terrible weather we have been having!
Leaf turn yellow in autumn.
You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.
To our surprise, one of the student in our class will take part in the sports meeting.
I work so hard so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
What good time we had last night!
My teachers often give me some good advices on how to learn English.
As for my choice of the two courses, I prefer the five-weeks course.
As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.
This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.
He has made some progresses in English.
For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
答案
一
feet men families air potatoes churches dishes ladies stories roofs knives thieves photos mice children homework information knowledge weather advice selves news progress classes glasses
二
cities
children
photos
boys
leaves
boxes
heroes
questions
三
1.informations-information 2. size-sizes 3.year-years 4.a
5.leaf-leaves 6.minute-minutes 7.student-students 8.subject-subjects
9.what 后+ a 10.advices-advice 11.five-weeks-five-week 12. friend-friends
13.knowledges-knowledge 14.thousands-thousand 15.progresses-progress 16.hour-hours
课型：复习课
学习目标：
1. 名词的“数”及复数名词的构成
2. 名词所有格及名词构词法
一、基本概念
名词是表示人与事物的名称的词。
名词的分类
名 词 类 别 意 义 例 词
专有名词 表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称 Jim , China, Qingdao, America
普通名词 可 数 名 词 个体名词 表示单个人的人或事物 girl, student, factory
集体 名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 people, class, family
不 可 数 名 词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water, tea, oil, ice
抽象名词 表示抽象概念的词 fun, happiness, love
三、名词的数的变化规则：
可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
分 类 变化方法 举 例
规 则 变 化 单数名词词尾直接加-s boy — boys pen — pens
以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—babies lady —ladies
以“o”结尾的多数加-s radios zoos photos pianos kilos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es： tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes Negro-Negroes (黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆)
以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves thief---thieves
不 规 则 变 化 固定形式 man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice child-children，tooth-teeth
特 殊 形 式
单复数同形 sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese
合成名词变成复数的情况： ●将主体名词变为复数 ●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 ●将两部分都变为复数 ●a girl student—two girl students a passer-by—three passers-by ●a grown-up—many grown-ups ●women singers men teachers
1.注意以下名词数的概念
① 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)
physics(物理), maths（数学）, politics(政治)，the United States
② 集体名词class, family, audience, team等可作单数，也可作复数。
The class is big. The class are taking notes in English.
③不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。如：
a piece of news, a piece of advice
⑤ 常见的不可数名词有：
homework, information, knowledge, weather, advice, fun, news, progress等。
⑥由数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数
My brother is a six-year-old boy. My brother is six years old.
四、名词的格
（一）’s
在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加’s， 如the boy’s bag 男孩的书包
2） 如果名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加’，如：the teachers’ office
3） 如果名词是复数，但不带词尾-s, 则加’s. 如：Women’s Day
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber’s 理发店。
（二）of所有格
1）一般来说，用于无生命的名词 如：the gate of our school
2）有生命的名词’s 所有格可与of所有格相互转换。the girl’s name= the name of the girl
（三）双重所有格
把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系的结构就构成了名词的双重所有格。
如：a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。He is a friend of mine 他是我的一个朋友。
五、名词的修饰语
1. 常见的修饰可数名词复数的词语：
many 很多 a number of若干several 有几个 a large number of 大量的 dozens of 数十个 few/a few等
2.常见的修饰不可数名词的词语：
little 很少、几乎没有（表示否定意思） a little 有一些（表示肯定意思）much 很多
3. 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词语：
some 一些 a lot of/ lots of 很多 enough 足够的millions of 数百万的 all 全部
六. 初中阶段常见的名词后缀：
1.-or e.g. visit-visitor; act-actor; translate-translator; invent-inventor
2.-er e.g. teach-teacher; write-writer; sing-singer; report-reporter; play-player
3.-ist e.g. science-scientist; piano-pianist; tour-tourist; art-artist
4.-ment e.g. develop-development; agree-agreement; argue-argument
5.-ness e.g. ill-illness; happy-happiness; kind-kindness
6.-th e.g. warm---warmth; true---truth; grow—growth
7.-tion或-ion e.g. introduce-introduction; suggest-suggestion; discuss-discussion
8.-ce e.g. patient-patience; important-importance; confident-confidence
名词n. 练习题：
一 将以下名词单数变为复数
foot man family air potato church
dish lady story roof knife thief
photo mouse child homework information
knowledge weather advice self
news progress class glass
二 单句语法填空
1. Most of the important ________(city) in the world suffer from traffic jams.
2. The __________(child) are playing football now.
3. Please take two ________(photo) for me.
4. A few ________(boy) are drawing on the wall.
5. In autumn, you can see a lot of _________(leaf) on the ground.
6. There are many ________(box) here.
7. Many ________(hero) have set good examples for us to follow.
8. We are going to talk about several _________(question) at the meeting.
9. There is a piece of interesting news in________(today)newspaper.
10. I saw many ________(Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
11. There are ten_______(woman) teachers and two hundred ______(girl) students in the school.
12. Father went to his doctor for _______(advise) about his heart trouble.
13. I live near the station. It’s only about five __________(minute) walk.
14. I often go to my _________(aunt) on Sunday.
15. Football is so exciting that _________(million) of people in the world play it.
16. The broken _________(glass) may cut into your hand if you touch it.
17. Would you please clean your ________(tooth) now
18. In general, Chopin is a _________(piano) of great ability.
Can you tell us your recipe for _________(happy) and a long life
I met a friend of ________(me) yesterday.
Taylor takes an interest in science and he wants to be a _______(science).
Do you have any (suggest)
You should take more __________(exercise). Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_________(exercise).
There is a ( teacher) desk on the platform.
He is a friend of my (brother).
I didn’t know Jam had two (knife).
The police caught these (thief) who took a woman’s wallet away.
三 单句改错
Now people get a lot of informations from TV.
2. The cellphones are of different size.
Li Hua is 8 year old.
What a terrible weather we have been having!
Leaf turn yellow in autumn.
You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.
To our surprise, one of the student in our class will take part in the sports meeting.
I work so hard so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
What good time we had last night!
My teachers often give me some good advices on how to learn English.
As for my choice of the two courses, I prefer the five-weeks course.
As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.
This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.
He has made some progresses in English.
For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
答案
一
feet men families air potatoes churches dishes ladies stories roofs knives thieves photos mice children homework information knowledge weather advice selves news progress classes glasses
二
cities
children
photos
boys
leaves
boxes
heroes
questions
三
1.informations-information 2. size-sizes 3.year-years 4.a
5.leaf-leaves 6.minute-minutes 7.student-students 8.subject-subjects
9.what 后+ a 10.advices-advice 11.five-weeks-five-week 12. friend-friends
13.knowledges-knowledge 14.thousands-thousand 15.progresses-progress 16.hour-hours