牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading 知识点课件(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
Language points
The world we live in is full of natural wonders. The documentary script below describes the Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.
be home to ... 是......的家园
a wide range of... 广泛的
Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.
欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林，作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。
Para 1
Paragraph 1
(1) Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. (page 2, line 1)
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处都可以听到各种动物的声音。
a huge sea of: 大量的，许多
be alive with: 充满着， 到处都是
We must face a huge sea of troubles and bear them.
No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
我们必须面对大量的困难并忍受它们。
难怪人们说奥地利永远充满音乐之声。
alive adj. “活着的;有活力的”，可作表语、后置定语或补语。
a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音. (Line 1)
(be)alive with 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)
living adj.“活着的”，与 alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。
live adj. “活的”，一般不指人，通常作前置定语;还可指“现场直播的”。
lively adj.“充满活力的，生动有趣的”,可指人或物，作前置定语或表语。
单句语法填空
1. The enemy officer was caught _________.
2. The ________ are more important to us than the dead.
3. Last night there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony _________ on TV.
4. Young children are usually ___________.
alive
living
live
lively
living adj.“活着的”，与 alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。
live adj. “活的”，一般不指人，通常作前置定语;还可指“现场直播的”。
lively adj.“充满活力的，生动有趣的”,可指人或物，作前置定语或表语。
(2) As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. (page 2, lines 2–3)
The foods you consume every day play a significant role in your health.
play a significant role in... 在...方面起着重要的作用
作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的良好平衡上扮演着重要的角色。
你每天消耗的食物在你的健康方面起着重要的作用。
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon river, from which the rainforest gets its name, it's close to 6,400 Kilometers in length —— roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze river. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the earth, one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
Para 2
1. Prep. + which/whom
The woman____ _______ you spoke is a teacher.
The city_____ _______he lives is far away.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (page 2, lines 7–9)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6,400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。
to whom
in which
2. be close to （时间/空间)接近, 几乎
3. in length 在长度上
Paragraph 2
倍数的表达方式：
With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. （Line 6）
亚马逊雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国的国土面积的一半还要大。
A+be+倍数+the+名词（size/length/width/height）+of+B.
A+be+(n-1)倍数+比较级+than B.
A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B.
A+be+倍数+what从句.
02
请改写所给的句子。
The size of the newly broadened library is three times what
the previous one was.
1.The newly broadened library is _________________ the previous one.
2. The newly broadened library is ________ _________ the previous one.
3. The newly broadened library is the previous one.
twice larger than
three times as large as
three times the size of
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
Para 3
Paragraph 3
(1) Of the 390,000 plant species known to us , more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.(page 3, lines 13–15)
在我们已知的39万植物种类中，4万多种可以在亚马孙找到。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出我们可以食用的坚果；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。
1. be adj. / adv. enough to do 足够...去做...
He is old enough to go to school.
他足够大去上学了。
2. a variety of 各种各样的
The school provides students with a variety of facilities.
这个学校给学生提供各种各样的设施。
variety n. 不同种类 [U]变化，多样性 [C] 变种，变体
The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。（Line 15）
a (wide/great/large)variety of =various = all kinds/ sorts of各种各样的
a variety of 各种各样的
the variety of …的品种
various adj.各种各样的
vary vi. 变化；改变；相异
vary in 在…方面不同
vary from…to… 从…到…之间 变化/不等
03
【语境应用】翻译句子。
With the development of economy, there are goods in stores,
daily groceries luxury goods (奢侈品), which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods with the season in and quantity.
随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。
various
varing from
to
vary
variety
(2) At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many meters above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由较矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家。
3. which is home to different kinds of living things.
1. Above that位于句首，句子要完全倒装(谓语应与其后面的主语保持一致)
2. be made up of 由......组成
他的朋友杰克就在这些人中。
Among these people was his friend Jack.
mass n. a large amount of sth. 大量；许多，团；块；堆
【搭配】
a mass of / masses of sth 大量，许多(接可数名词和不可数名词)
the mass of … ……中的大多数
the masses 群众
e.g. A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain
从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块
I struggled through the mass of people to the exit.
我在人群里挤来挤去,挤到了出口处。
a TV programme that brings science to the masses
普及科学知识的电视节目
(3)Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
每一层森林都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。
living adj. 1) alive now 活着的；活的，做表语或前置定语
e.g. the finest living pianist 当世的最杰出的钢琴家
2) 在使用的；在实施的
e.g. a living language (=one that people still use)现用语言
living n. the way that you earn money or the money that you earn 生计; 收入
e.g. What do you do for a living (=what do you do as a job )你是做什么营生的？
lively/alive/live
alive adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语、后置定语或补语。
His grandparents are still alive. （表语）
Who is the greatest poet alive （后置定语）
In the end, two brave soldiers caught the enemy general alive.（宾补）
lively adj. 活泼的，活跃的，生动的，指人或物，作定语或表语。
They fell into a lively discussion of the question.
Her story about her life in Africa was lively and interesting.
live v. 居住；过……的生活
adj. 活的，不指人，一般只作定语。
adj. & adv. 现场直播，现场表演
The couple are living a peaceful life in the countryside.
This is a live tiger. Don’t get too close to it.
The club has live music most nights.
If the match is broadcast live on CCTV 5, we needn’t go to the stadium.
【语境应用】请将下列汉语句子译成英语。
北京是个生机勃勃的城市。
2. 没有水，地球上将没有生物。
3. 我们不知道他是否还活着。
4. 无论发生什么，请保持希望。
Beijing is a lively city.
Without water, there will be no living things on earth.
We don’t know whether he is alive or not.
Whatever happens, please keep your hope alive.
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
Para 4
Paragraph 4
1. More than 1,300 speices of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars survive here, there are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
1,300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。 美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹生存在这里，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
2. a significant number of ... 大量的
the number of ... ......的数量
1. while 引导时间状语从句， “尽管......”
3. food chain 食物链
(2)While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
survive vi. 生存，存活，继续存在vt. 幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过
e.g. Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
引导让步状语从句
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Some people waste food while others are starving.
尽管
当……时
然而
(3)They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，这些昆虫吃树叶和水果。当一只美洲豹死后，一小群微生物会帮助分解尸体，让营养素重回土壤中。
3. an tiny army of 一小群
An army of ants matched across the path.
一大群蚂蚁浩浩荡荡地穿过小路。
1. feed on ... 以......为食
2. in turn 相应地
4. break down 分解
【拓展】
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
e.g. It will be in Tom’s turn to be on duty tomorrow.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
The students were taking turns reading aloud.
学生正在轮流朗读。
I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week.
我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。
break down 分解，发生故障
When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. （Line 28）
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
break through 突破
break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break into 闯入，破门而入
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束
break off 突然停止，暂停
04
用合适的短语填空。
1.When the news came that the war , he decided to serve in the army.
2.He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air conditioning system .
3.The boy suddenly , his talk with his classmate at the sight of the teacher.
4.There is a call to huge digital companies because they have controlled the data market.
5.Cinderella from the prince to rush back home each night.
6. The thieves the office and stole some money.
7.Scientists hope to soon in their fight against heart disease.
broke out
broke down
broke off
break up
broke away
broke into
break through
The Amazon rainforest breathe life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet, there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we're left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
Para 5
Paragraph 5
(1)The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the “lung of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals :us.
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，以及生成占全球总量20%以上的氧气来为地球注入活力。因此，它也常常被称作为“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是可以用作食物和药物材料的物种宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。
1. breathe life into 给......带来起色，注入活力
2. be known as ... 被称为......，被认为是......
be known for... 因......而闻名
3. be used for 被用来做某事
be used as 被用作...
(2)Over the past 50 years , about 17% of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失。随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
1. due to 由于，因为
2. in danger of extinction 处在灭绝的危险中
3. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事
05
breathe life into 给......带来起色，注入活力
教材原句：The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳 ，并生成占全球总量20%以上的氧气，来为地球注入活力。（Line 30）
breathe v. 呼吸
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
breath n. 呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 闯不过气
单句语法填空
1. Still, most of us volunteers (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
2. The company needs new, young employees to the important
project. 这家公司需要新的年轻的员工给这个重要的项目注入活力
3.The ability to talk is an ability to communicate information to others by varying sounds we make as we .
说话的能力就是通过我们呼气时发出不同的声音
4.We would on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic.
我们会深吸一口气，而不是抱怨繁忙的交通。
breathe
breathe new life into
breathe out
take a deep breath
06
be used for sth. /doing sth. 被用来做......
教材原句：Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. 此外，亚马逊雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。（Line 33）
be used to do sth. 被用来做......
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做......
used to do sth. 过去常常做......
用合适的短语填空。
1. I play basketball after school.
2. They working hard.
3. Plastic make bags.
used to
are used to
is used to
be used to do sth. 被用来做......
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做......
used to do sth. 过去常常做......
Build your language
The Amazon rainforest is home to a great (1) of plant life; however, its soil is surprisingly poor in nutrients. In fact, the soil in the region cannot support (2) for more than a few years. If a scientist is shown a report listing the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can (3) in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients For one thing, the rainy season has a(n) (4) on the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to as high as 12 metres. When the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. For another thing,
B1
variety
agriculture
survive
impact
(5) the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals (6) ______________ more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep (7)_________ the ground. As a result, most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, (8) ________ allowing them to grow at an unbelievable speed.
due to
are broken down
beneath
thus