2024届高考英语：动词的时态及语态学案（含答案）

动词的时态及被动语态
一 动词时态
英语中有16种时态，其中中考常考的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。
语态 时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do does am /is /are + done
一般过去时 did was / were +done
一般将来时 will / shall+ do will be + done
现在完成时 have /has + done have /has been + done
现在进行时 am /is / are + doing am /is /are + being + done
过去进行时 was /were + doing was /were + being + done
二 时态及语态详解
（一）一般现在时
1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
The old man goes to park every morning. 这位老人每天早上都去公园。
2. 表示现在的能力、爱好、习惯等。
He likes listening to pop music. 他爱听流行乐。
3．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。
The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
4．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。
The train starts at seven in the morning. 火车早上七点出发。
5．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I’ll go with you, if you are free tomorrow. 如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。
一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+done
Football is played widely all over the world.全世界都广泛地踢足球。
（二）一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。
I met him yesterday. 昨天我遇见了他。
2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。
He wrote a novel. 他写了一部小说。
I didn’t expect you were waiting for us. 我没预料到你正在等我们。
一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +done
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
（三）一般将来时
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就十八岁了。
He will not go to the airport to meet her this afternoon. 今天下午他不去机场接她。
一般将来时的其它表示形式
（1）一般现在时表将来
①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。
The plane takes off at 3:00 P.m. 飞机于下午三点起飞。
②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
If you leave tomorrow , I’ll see you at the airport. 如果你明天走，我到机场送你。
（2）现在进行时表将来
现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go, come, leave, start, begin，stay，take off，arrive等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。
He is leaving school in one year’s time.他一年后就要毕业了。
（3）be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生（不跟表将来的时间状语连用）。
They were about to leave when the telephone rang. 他们正要离开时电话响了。
（4）be going to常用于口语中，表示“计划，打算做某事”，此外，be going to 可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行判断。
Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
一般将来时的被动语态： 主语+ will be done
The meeting will be held in L.A. 会议将在洛杉矶举行。
（四）现在完成时
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。
I have known him for three years. 我认识他三年了。
He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。
【注意】（1）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：过去完成时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
（2）在This/That/It is the first/second/third/..time that..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。
This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. 这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。
（3）句型It is/has been...since..所使用的两种时态都正确。
It is/has been 10 years since I last saw him. 从我上次见到他以来已经有10年了。
现在完成时的被动语态：主语+ have /has been + done
The plastic lunch boxes have been used since then. 塑料饭盒从那时起就一直被使用。
（五）现在进行时
1. 现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。
Listen, someone is crying. 听，有人在哭。
有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。
He is always asking the same question. 他总是问同一个问题。（厌烦）
动词go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, end等词可用现在进行时表将来。
They are leaving for Shanghai. 他们将动身去上海。
表示状态的动词 be, have等； 表示认识，知觉和情感的动词know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等一般不用于进行时。
Do you know where he is 你知道他在哪儿吗？
现在进行时的被动语态 主语+am /is /are + being + done
Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week. 本周数百张的请帖正在发出。
（六）过去进行时
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
I was washing my hair when you knocked at the door. 你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。
过去进行时的被动语态 主语+was /were + being + done
We were assured that everything possible was being done. 我们确信是在尽一切努力。
（七）常见的时态状语标志词
时态 常见时间状语
一般式 一般现在时 always; sometimes; often; usually; seldom...
一般过去时 yesterday; ago; just now; last week；at that time; in +年份…
一般将来时 tomorrow; next week; soon; later; the day after tomorrow; from now on...
进行式 现在进行时 look, listen等放句首; now; at the moment...
过去进行时 at that time; at that moment; at ten yesterday...
完成式 现在完成时 since ; so far; ever; never; just; yet; already; recently; lately; until now; up to now; over the past few years; in the last few days...
练习题
一 单句语法填空
He often _________ (read) the words in the morning.
The picture ______ ( look) nice.
The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _______ (not, rain) tomorrow.
Tea _____ (be) popular around the world.
If it _______ (be) fine tomorrow, we’ll visit the Great Wall.
If I ________________(give) another chance, I'll do it much better.
It will be two days before the decision ______________(make).
We _________(stay) at home playing cards the day before yesterday.
He ________(win) the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
I_________(think) he was an honest man two years ago.
A fire___________(break) out during the night yesterday.
She________(write) many plays when she was at college.
Tom________(begin) to learn Chinese last year.
I listened but________(hear) nothing yesterday.
I_________(eat) a big pizza yesterday.
He__________(choose) to work for the village last year.
A lot of trees ___________(plant) on the hill yesterday.
The book _____________(write) by him in 1998.
A lecture ______________(hold) in our school last week.
A new school _____________(build)in our hometown last year.
A policeman ____________(see)to enter the classroom just now.
What are you (go) to do next week
The new film (show) next Thursday.
If he accepts the job, he (get) more money soon.
If you speak in class, you (punish).
She (give) a gold medal soon.
In a few years’ time, those mountains (cover) with trees.
What are you _________(do) now I ___________(eat) bread.
__________he__________(clean) the classroom No, he isn’t. He____________(play).
They ____________ (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.
Nobody is in the classroom because the students _______________(interview) on the playground about the school life.
A new library________ (build) in our school now and will open next year.
A birthday card ________(write) by Tom at present.
The little babies________(take) care of by this nurse right now.
I___________(wash) my clothes at this time yesterday.
We_________(talk) about the news the whole morning.
Jack fell from the bike when he _____________(ride).
Now we can cross the bridge which _______(build) this time last month.
My clock _______________ (repair) by me when she knocked at the door.
Great changes __________(take) place over the years.
So far I _____________(make) quite a few friends here.
I_____________already ______________ (see) the film. I ______________ (see) it last week.
They ____________(wait) for more than two hours.
My hometown _____________(become) more and more beautiful in the past 5 years.
So far, many sports meeting___________(hold) by our school.
Many foreign films_____________(show) on TV since last month.
A large amount of water_____________(save) by this system so far.
Many houses______________(build) in this area in the past 10 years.
I borrowed the book last Sunday and I_____________(keep) it for a week.
My brother____________(teach) computer science in a university in Canada in the last 20 years.
二 单句改错
My family always full of happiness.
He doesn’t likes eating vegetables and fruits.
He often study hard and helps me with my study.
Tony was scared and begun to cry just now.
I feel so happy that I could change my clothes at last.
We sit around the cake yesterday.
He teaches in this school in 1958.
The computers was not bought last week.
She buys many books yesterday.
I thought you was ill.
He will is at school next Monday.
He is going to does his homework after school.
These animals are being hunting at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
Trees are being planted by them at that time yesterday.
She plays the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
Some boys are play basketball over there. Let’s go and join them.
I have to go work by taxi because my car is being repair at the garage.
答案
一 语填
reads 2.looks 3.doesn’t rain 4.is 5.is 6.am given 7.is made 8.stayed 9.won 10.thought 11.broke 12.wrote 13.began 14.heard 15.ate 16.was chosen 17.were planted 18.was written 19.was held 20.was built 21.was seen 22.going 23.will be shown 24.will get 25.will be punished 26.will be given 27.will be covered 28.doing,am eating 29.Is cleaning, is playing 30.are waiting 31.are being interviewed 32.is being built
33.is being written 34.are being taken 35.was washing 36.were talking 37.was riding 38.was being built 39.was being repaired 40.have taken 41.have made 42.have seen ;saw 43.have waited 44.has become 45.have been held 46.have been shown 47.has been saved 48.have been built 49.have kept 50.has taught
二 改错
always 前加is 2.likes改为like 3.study 改为studies 4.begun-began
5.feel-felt 6.sit-sat 7.teaches-taught 8.was-were 9.buy-bought
10.was-were 11.删去is 12.does--do 13.hunting--hunted 14.are-were 15.plays--was playing 16.play--playing 17.repair--repaired