北京八中高一下英语开学测试
考试时间：40分钟
1. He will never make progress in math __________ he really wants to learn it.
A. if B. as long as C. unless D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词（短语）词义辨析。句意：除非他真的想学数学，否则他在数学上永远不会有进步。A. if如果；B. as long as只要；C. unless除非；D. in case以防。根据“he really wants to learn it.”可知，除非真想学数学，否则数学永远不会有进步，用连词unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。
2. A report on food safety in Beijing _______ on January 15th,2018 and it has received positive reviews.
A. published B. was published C. has published D. has been published
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：2018年1月15日，北京一份关于食品安全的报告发表，受到广泛好评。根据句中的时间状语January 15th,2018可知，此句描述的是过去的事情，故应用一般过去时；又因publish与主语report之间是被动关系。故应用一般过去时的被动语态。结合选项，故选B。
3. This problem again We __________ it many times!
A. are discussing B. discussed C. had discussed D. have discussed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：又是这个问题？我们已经讨论过很多次了！根据many times可知，此处强调动作发生在过去，但对现在产生了结果或影响，应用现在完成时。故选D。
4. On Sunday morning, Nancy __________ plans for the trip when her mother walked in.
A. is reviewing B. will review C. was reviewing D. reviewed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：星期天早上，南希正在检查旅行计划，这时她妈妈走了进来。根据“when her mother walked in”可知，此处描述在过去某个时间点某件事发生时另一件事正在进行，所以应用过去进行时。故选C。
5. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把银行忘在了咖啡馆里。A. 现在完成时；B. 过去完成时；C. 过去将来时；D. 过去进行时。根据句意可知“I _____ my bank in the cafe.”发生在“I realized”之前，应使用过去完成时态。故选B项。
6. —Is there a hospital nearby I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.
—It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.
A. took B. take
C. will take D. have taken
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——附近有医院吗？我伤了脚踝，现在不能移动。——离这里大约3个街区远。我将带你去那里。此处表示主观上的意愿，用一般将来时态，故选C。
7. Rosa _____ this washing machine for more than ten years. She is thinking about buying a new one.
A. is using B. used
C. had used D. has been using
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：Rosa已经使用这台洗衣机超过10年了，她正在考虑买一个新的。表示从过去某个时间持续到现在一直发生的动作用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，故选D。
8. The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.
A. whose B. where
C. when D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老银行的外表不是很漂亮，它的里面是非常漂亮的。此处The old bank是句子主语，空格前面是逗号，所以这里不是并列句，也不是状语从句，它应该是一个定语从句，The old bank是先行词，在后面的定语从句中做定语，故答案为A。
9. Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce.
A. was served B. will serve
C. is served D. served
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称，和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为C。
10. _____ gas prices are rising, people are looking for less expensive ways to get around.
A. Now that B. Even if
C. Although D. Unless
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句引导词。句意：既然天然气价格正在上涨，人们正在寻找更便宜出行方式。A. Now that既然；B. Even if即使；C. Although尽管；D. Unless除非。天然气价格上涨与人们寻找更便宜的出行方式是因果关系，Now that可以引导原因状语从句，故选A。
11. You can smoke here __________ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
A. even though B. so that C. in case D. as long as
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词短语辨析。句意：你可以在这里抽烟，只要你把窗户开着让烟出去就行。A.even though即使；B.so that以至于；C.in case万一；D.as long as主要。根据“You can smoke here”和“you leave a window open to let the smoke out”可知，此处指只要你把窗户开着让烟出去就行，所以应用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选D。
12. —Can we play on the football field now
—No, the grass __________.
A. will be cut B. is being cut C. was cut D. has been cut
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：— 我们现在可以在足球场上踢球吗 — 不，草正在被修剪。根据选项可知，该空考查动词cut的正确形式，cut在句中作谓语，主语为grass(草)，应使用被动语态；根据上文语境中的now可知，该句描写此时此刻的状况，此时有人正在球场割草，所以此时不可以去踢球，应使用现在进行时。故选B项。
13. —You seem to be familiar with the school.
—I __________ here for three years. It’s great to be back.
A. studied B. have studied C. had studied D. study
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你似乎对这所学校很熟悉。——我在这里学习了三年。回来真好。根据 It’s great to be back可知，我曾经在这学习过，现在回来了，表示过去发生的事，应用一般现在时。故选A项。
14. The goals __________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A. after which B. with which C. for which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他来说好像不再重要了。空格处为“介词+关系代词which”，它引导定语从句“he had fought all his life”，先行词为“the goals”，选择介词for构成“fought for...”译为“为……奋斗”，因此“for which”为正确选项，故选C。
15. Sir Denis has made it known that he __________ much of his collection to the nation after his death.
A. has left B. left C. would leave D. will leave
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：丹尼斯爵士表示，他死后将把他的大部分藏品留给国家。根据“after his death”和“has made it known”可知，此处描述将来的事情，应用一般将来时。故选D。
16. —What’s the matter with Coco
—She has a headache because she __________ too long; she ought to stop working now.
A. has been reading B. was reading C. reads D. had read
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：——可可怎么了？——她因为看书时间太长而头痛；她现在应该停止工作了。根据“She has a headache”和“she ought to stop working now”可知，此处描述动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将进行，所以应用现在完成进行时。故选A。
17. If Nina __________ that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her, she wouldn’t have walked back home.
A. knows B. knew C. has known D. had known
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果尼娜知道她丈夫会去公共汽车站接她，她就不会步行回家了。根据主句中wouldn’t have walked back home可知，这里是对过去事情的虚拟，if从句中应使用过去完成时。故选D项。
18. I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown.
A. that B. which
C. who D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我把照片放在每天都能看到的地方，照片让我想起了家乡的日子。分析句子可知，本空是指前面的先行词the picture，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，故用which，选B项。
19. After college, he was employed in a middle school and there ever since.
A. would worked B. had worked
C. worked D. has worked
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：大学毕业后，他被一所中学雇佣，之后一直在那里工作。根据空格胡there ever since中的时间状语“ever since”（自从，从那时到现在）可知，他工作（work）这个动作从他被那个学校雇佣工作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时，故选D项。
20. Scientists are building a powerful instrument, which __________ them see deep into space.
A. has helped B. will help C. helped D. would helped
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：科学家们正在建造一种强大的仪器，它将帮助他们看到太空深处。根据“Scientists are building a powerful instrument”可知，仪器还未建成，所以帮助他们看到太空深处是将来的事情，应用一般将来时。故选B。
21. Large groups that want to visit the museum have to get permission __________ they visit it.
A. unless B. where C. as D. before
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：想参观博物馆的大团体在参观之前必须得到许可。A.unless除非；B.where在哪里；C.as因为；D.before在……之前。根据“have to get permission”可知，此处是指在参观之前，所以应用连词before引导时间状语从句。故选D。
22. Since 18th January, 2018, some airlines in China __________ mobile phone use on their aircrafts.
A. allow B. allowed C. have allowed D. had allowed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自2018年1月18日起，中国部分航空公司允许乘客在飞机上使用手机。根据“Since 18th January, 2018”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选C。
23. Moving abroad means entering a culture __________ the customs and the language are different.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：移居国外意味着进入一种习俗和语言不同的文化。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词culture，关系词替代先行词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。
24. Once Jason becomes interested in some topic, he can’t help thinking about it __________ he goes.
A. however B. wherever C. whenever D. whomever
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：一旦詹森对某个话题产生兴趣，不管走到哪里他都会不停地思考着。A. however不管怎样；B. wherever无论哪里；C. whenever无论何时；D. whomever无论谁。由he goes以及句意可知，这里表示“无论他走到哪里”。故选B项。
25. Mike hasn’t appeared for two weeks, __________ his friends are wondering what has happened to him.
A. so B. but C. or D. for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：迈克已经两个星期没露面了，所以他的朋友们都在想他出了什么事。A. so所以；B. but但是；C. or否则；D. for因为。根据“Mike hasn’t appeared for two weeks”和“his friends are wondering what has happened to him”可知，后面分句是前面分句的结果，应用so连接并列句。故选A。
26. She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：她带来了三个朋友，我以前从没见过他们。whom指代前面提到的three friends。在定语从句中作of的宾语。故选C项。
27. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house________ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当心！不要太靠近屋顶正在修理的房子。分析句子可知，先行词the house在从句中作roof的定语成分，关系代词为whose。故选A项。
28. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, __________ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可以在周末总是很忙的购物中心找到你需要的任何东西。分析句子可知，空处应用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the shopping centre，并在从句中作主语，先行词为物，故用关系代词which。故选D项。
29. Finally they arrived at a place, __________ sold cigarettes and other small articles.
A. where B. which C. in which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，他们来到了一个卖香烟和其他小物品的地方。分析句子可知，空处应用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为物，故用关系代词which。故选B项。
30. Alice received an invitation from her boss, __________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：爱丽丝收到了老板的邀请，这让她感到意外。分析句子结构，这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，因空白处在定语从句中做主语，且指的是前面一整句话表示的内容，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C项。
第二节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Yes Day
My friends and I were having breakfast at a Mexican holiday resort (旅游胜地) while enjoying the cool sea breeze. It promised to be another ___31___ day, as we embraced the break from our busy routine.
We were looking over the list of the resort’s activities. After we ___32___to convince (说服) each other of what would be best to do, I said, “Let’s have a YES DAY and say yes to EVERY activity, even if it’s not in our comfort zone. Let’s ___33___ and enjoy ourselves in unexpected ways.”
I hate ___34___ , but the zipline over the resort was at the top of our list. I was scared when I climbed into position. I wanted to back out, but my friends cheered me on. So, I jumped off the platform and screamed the whole way down. But I was glad I ___35___ it. Besides the ___36___, I also appreciated the amazing views. Thankfully, I didn’t say no, otherwise I would have missed this wonderful experience.
My friend Katie, who didn’t want to do karaoke, also had to face her ___37___ of being the center of attention. We danced and sang, laughing all night long. We were ___38___ brave enough to attend a wedding party and danced on a glass topper over a swimming pool.
We still talk about our magical Yes Day! When we see the photos from that magical time, we are so happy. In fact, we may miss so much if we only ___39___ what we are comfortable doing. I believe we all___40___ Yes Days.
31.
A. interesting B. relaxing C. inspiring D. rewarding
32.
A. failed B. agreed C. managed D. decided
33.
A. help B. relieve C. challenge D. appreciate
34.
A. sports B. changes C. surprises D. heights
35.
A. did B. had C. got D. won
36.
A. pride B. pain C. anxiety D. excitement
37.
A. shame B. fear C. regret D. loneliness
38.
A. even B. just C. almost D. still
39.
A. put off B. give up C. stick to D. turn to
40.
A. want B. need C. enjoy D. remember
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者和朋友们度假时走出舒适圈，直面自己的恐惧参加各项活动，最后获得了不一样的体验的故事。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很可能又是一个放松的日子，因为我们逃离忙碌的日常生活，欣然享受休息时间。A. interesting有趣的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. rewarding有益的，值得做的。根据“as we embraced the break from our busy routine”可知，从繁忙的日常事务中解脱，享受休闲时光，应是令人放松，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们没能说服对方什么是最好的做法之后，我说：“让我们度过一个‘YES DAY’，对每一项活动都说‘是’，即使它不在我们的舒适区。”A. failed失败，未能；B. agreed同意；C. managed管理，设法做成；D. decided决定。根据下文作者的提议“Let’s have a YES DAY and say yes to EVERY activity”可知，作者和朋友们都没能说服对方，故作者提议对每一项活动都说“yes”，fail to do sth“没能做某事”，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们以意想不到方式挑战和享受自己。A. help帮助；B. relieve解除，减轻；C. challenge挑战；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据上文“even if it’s not in our comfort zone”可知，跳出自己的舒适圈，说明是挑战自己，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌高度，但度假村上空的滑索是我们的首选。A. sports运动；B. changes变化；C. surprises惊讶；D. heights高度。根据下文的转折“but the zipline over the resort was at the top of our list”和“I was scared when I climbed into position.(当我爬到合适的位置时，我很害怕)”可知，作者恐高，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我很高兴我这么做了。A. did做；B. had有；C. got得到；D. won赢得。根据上文“So, I jumped off the platform and screamed the whole way down.(所以，我从平台上跳下来，一路尖叫)”可知，虽然恐高，作者成功完成了这项活动，故此处指“我很高兴我这么做了”，故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了刺激之外，我还欣赏了迷人的景色。A. pride骄傲，自豪；B. pain痛苦；C. anxiety焦虑；D. excitement兴奋，刺激。根据上文“screamed the whole way down”以及空后“I also appreciated the amazing views”可知，此处是描述作者从这项活动中的收获，作者一路尖叫，说明很刺激，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友Katie不想去卡拉OK，她也不得不面对成为焦点的恐惧。A. shame羞耻；B. fear恐惧；C. regret后悔；D. loneliness孤单。根据“who didn’t want to do karaoke”以及空后“of being the center of attention”可知，Katie不想去卡拉OK，故是害怕成为焦点，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至勇敢地参加了一个婚礼，在游泳池上方玻璃屋顶上跳舞。A. even甚至；B. just只是；C. almost几乎，差不多；D. still仍然。上文提到作者和朋友都直面自己的恐惧完成各项活动，结合空后“brave enough”可知，此处表示递进关系，指他们甚至足够勇敢去参加了一个婚礼，在游泳池上方的玻璃屋顶上跳舞，故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，如果我们只坚持做自己觉得舒服的事情，我们可能会错过很多。A. put off推迟；B. give up放弃；C. stick to坚持；D. turn to求助于。结合上文“even if it’s not in our comfort zone”可知，作者和朋友们都走出各自的舒适区，获得了不一样的体验，故此处指“如果我们只坚持做自己觉得舒服的事情，我们可能会错过很多”，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信我们都需要“Yes Days”。A. want想要；B. need需要；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. remember记得。根据语境及上文“we may miss so much”可知，只做让自己舒服的事情会错过很多，故我们都需要“Yes Day”来走出舒适圈，故选B。
第三节 阅读理解(共 12小题;每小题3分，共36分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a clueless freshman, I waltzed into my first creative writing course by accident, thinking it was a literature class on how to read stories, not how to write them.
When the teacher introduced the course, I realized my mistake. The credits I earned from the course wouldn’t count toward my major. By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course. Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic.
But taking the class would be impossible: I wasn’t even on the waitlist. That’s when the teacher asked for a volunteer to submit the first workshop story.
Silence blanketed the room. No one risked eye contact. Whoever volunteered would have to write a whole story in a week. Perhaps they, like me, had never written one before.
Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class ” He said he would.
So, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite.
Years later, I’d completed a degree in creative writing and was working on a novel when a literary agent (经纪人) asked to read the first 50 pages of my draft. But I wasn’t comfortable showing her anything; the novel was far from done.
Throughout graduate school, I’d been advised many times not to contact agents until I have a complete draft. In the meanwhile, I knew the beginning of my story was attractive and that the agent might not remember me after a year.
So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. I sent her the first three chapters. A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. She has since seen me through the publication of three novels.
Determination, focus, perseverance—the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. And yet if I’d trained my gaze only on the path ahead, I would have missed so many happy accidents, so many beautiful opportunities to look up, raise my hand, and say yes.
41. What made the author finally decide to take the course
A. The popularity of the course.
B. Her curiosity about story writing.
C. Her confidence in her writing skills.
D. The need to get credits for her degree.
42. The author volunteered to write the first workshop story to
A. challenge herself B. impress the teacher
C. display her talent D. win a place in the class
43. The author sent her first three chapters to the agent because
A. her friends advised her to do so
B. her story was attractive to readers
C. the agent asked her to turn in the work
D. she wanted to get the chance of publication
44. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Action speaks louder than words.
B. Chance favors only the prepared mind.
C. Success comes to those who will and dare.
D. Confidence leads to growth and fulfillment.
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. D 44. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者误打误撞选了一门创意写作课，通过第一个写研讨会故事为自己在班上赢得一席之地，之后又通过自己的敢拼敢闯的精神，和经纪人签约并出版了三部小说，成为今天的小说家。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course.Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic. (然而，在课程结束时，我决定我必须参加课程。也许，作为一名终身读者，我渴望了解故事是如何发挥魔力的。)”可知，作者想知道故事如何发挥魔力，故她对故事写作的好奇心使她最终决定选修这门课。故选B项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class ” He said he would. (抓住机会，我举起手问道：“如果我先去，你能在班上给我一个位置吗？”他说他会的。)”可知，作者自愿写了第一篇工作坊的故事是为了在班上赢得一席之地。故选D项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. She has since seen me through the publication of three novels. (一个月后，她仅凭这些章节的力量就签下了我的名字。从那以后，她帮助我完成了三部小说的出版。)”可知，作者把她的前三章寄给了经纪人，因为她想获得出版的机会。故选D项。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第六段“So, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. (所以，我没有低着头，避免眼神交流，而是做了相反的事情。)”和倒数第二段“So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. (所以，我又一次没有低着头，避免眼神交流，而是反其道而行之。)”和最后一段“Determination, focus, perseverance—the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. (决心、专注、毅力——这些我认为对我进入斯坦福至关重要的品质无疑帮助我成为今天的小说家。)”可知，作者敢闯敢拼的精神和她一直的坚持成就了她的现在，故文章主要想告诉我们：成功属于那些有意志和勇气的人。故选C项。
B
In recent years, wooden buildings have reached new heights, with soaring wooden skyscrapers completed or underway in countries like Norway, Switzerland and Australia. Sweden, likewise, has come up with a plan as big as a city — building the world’s biggest wooden city. As the world’s largest urban construction project in wood, Stockholm Wood City will be built in Sweden’s capital, Stockholm in 2025.
By using wood, the project is expected to reduce carbon footprint by up to 40%, compared with building in concrete and steel, says Annica An s, CEO of Atrium Ljungberg, a Swedish urban development company. Some people may have concerns over fire risks posed by wooden buildings, but experts say engineered timber (木材) can resist fire as well. As with other modern construction projects using wood, Wood City will still use some concrete and steel in places like the foundations, but the overall amounts will be greatly reduced. As wooden buildings are much lighter, their foundations can be smaller.
The construction will not be as noisy as it is built from concrete and bricks, adds Ms An s. This makes wooden buildings particularly suitable for urban redevelopment in general, since putting them up is less likely to annoy the neighbours. It should also be profitable. Ms An s is looking for a return on investment of 20% or better. “Sweden is progressive when it comes to wood construction,” she says.
The world’s largest wooden city is supposed to make commute (通勤) easier and shorter, decreasing emissions from transportation. The website for the project describes Stockholm Wood City as a “five-minute city”, which means that anywhere one would need to go — work, grocery stores, or school, for example—would only be a five-minute walk away. As An s concluded, “We want to create an environment where our customers, those who will live and work here, can participate in the development and design of the city district of the future.”
45. What is the project about
A. Making Stockholm a low-carbon city.
B. Creating more wooden skyscrapers in Sweden.
C. Building the highest wooden building in Europe.
D. Constructing the largest wooden city in the world.
46. What advantage do wooden buildings have over concrete and steel buildings
A. They can strongly resist fires.
B. They are more comfortable to live in.
C. They are more environmentally friendly.
D. They are built on a more stable foundation.
47. Why are wooden buildings suitable for urban redevelopment
A. They are profitable for investors.
B. They cause less noise when built.
C. They have a short construction period.
D. They are less costly to maintain and repair.
48. How can we describe the future life in the wooden city
A. Secure. B. Stressful. C. Convenient. D. Fashionable.
【答案】45. D 46. C 47. B 48. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典提出的建造世界上最大的木制城市——斯德哥尔摩木制城的计划，指出建造木制建筑有各种好处，主要包括更加环保，同时可以防火，引起的噪音较小，促进更加便捷的通勤，减少交通排放。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sweden, likewise, has come up with a plan as big as a city — building the world’s biggest wooden city. (同样，瑞典也提出了一个像城市一样大的计划——建造世界上最大的木制城市)”可知，这个项目是关于建造世界上最大的木制城市。故选D项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“By using wood, the project is expected to reduce carbon footprint by up to 40%, compared with building in concrete and steel (与混凝土和钢铁建筑相比，该项目通过使用木材，预计将减少高达40%的碳足迹)”可知，与混凝土和钢铁建筑相比，木制建筑有更环保的优势。故选C项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The construction will not be as noisy as it is built from concrete and bricks, adds Ms An s. This makes wooden buildings particularly suitable for urban redevelopment in general, since putting them up is less likely to annoy the neighbours. (An s女士补充说，建筑不会像混凝土和砖块建造的那样嘈杂。这使得木制建筑特别适合城市重建，因为建造它们不太可能惹恼邻居)”可知，木制建筑适合城市重建，因为它们建造时噪音较小。故选B项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The world’s largest wooden city is supposed to make commute (通勤) easier and shorter, decreasing emissions from transportation. The website for the project describes Stockholm Wood City as a “five-minute city”, which means that anywhere one would need to go — work, grocery stores, or school, for example—would only be a five-minute walk away. (这座世界上最大的木制城市旨在使通勤更方便、更短，减少交通排放。该项目的网站将斯德哥尔摩木城描述为“五分钟城市”，这意味着人们需要去的任何地方，例如工作，杂货店或学校，只需步行五分钟即可到达)”可知，木制城市的未来生活很方便，通勤非常便捷。故选C项。
C
Millions watch the Oscars every year, but I'm always interested in the Razzies (金酸梅奖), which recognize cinematic underachievement. For all the attention given to what we like, what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering.
French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu saw dislike as snobbery. He saw all judgments of taste, favorable or not, as performances of class. The rich could justify their place, he argued, by claiming to have more refined tastes. Knowing which literature or art to praise could signal to. others their rightful place at the top of society. Oversimplified his theory might be, it is not entirely wrong.
Furthermore, dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in. It means learning the unspoken rules of what's OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear. When some of us swim against the social tide, we might be savvy (精明的) enough to label our likes as “guilty pleasures”, which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them.
In my research, though, I found that dislike isn't just a form of snobbery.
We interviewed over 200 people, a diverse group in race, age, and social class. All the interviewees tended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldn't escape it. Many people can't choose the radio station that's playing at work, or what's on TV at the bar. Moreover, some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others. Remote controls, for instance, have long been seen as a special right of dads, with women and kids given less power to change the channel. Everyone turns to media hoping for specific needs to be met, but those who have those needs realized less often are those who might dislike more often.
Therefore, speaking about dislikes is an act of resistance — a refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media content that doesn't connect.
Dislike can certainly transform into anger or hate, but it may also take a more playful form. Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off. Why Reveling in dislike can help regain control in a world that overwhelms everyone with content. Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. Many of us can probably relate to the experience of having a friend who insists we watch something against our will.
What if, rather than resenting the show or the person, we simply embrace it in all of its embarrassing glory By all means, pay attention to the advice to “ignore the haters”. But a lot can be learned by listening to the dislikers.
49. According to Paragraph 3, people label their likes as “guilty pleasures” when they_________.
A. follow the mainstream B. take pride in their taste
C set up the unspoken rules D. try to fit into a certain group
50. What can we learn from the passage
A. Dislikes can he found mostly among the rich.
B. Learning about literature and art is an act of snobbery.
C. Expressing dislike helps maintain one's social relationships.
D. Exposure to unwanted media content intensifies people's dislike.
51. What does the underlined phrase "Reveling in" in the text probably mean
A. Taking delight in. B. Showing concern for.
C. Drawing lessons from. D. Establishing connection to.
52. What message does the author try to convey in this passage
A. We are encouraged to launch debates over hot issues in public.
B. Staying away from the haters is a sensible means to avoid trouble.
C. Embracing our dislikes can be a way to deal with power imbalance.
D. The media should aim to meet the needs of different groups of audience.
【答案】49. D 50. D 51. A 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了我们所不喜欢的也很重要，而接受我们不喜欢的东西是一种处理权力不平衡的方法。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Furthermore, dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in. It means learning the unspoken rules of what's OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear. When some of us swim against the social tide, we might be savvy（精明的）enough to label our likes as "guilty pleasures", which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them.(此外，不喜欢经常被用来作为一种方式，而不是与众不同，而是融入。它意味着学习那些可以喜欢或不喜欢的潜规则，并大声说出那些喜欢或不喜欢的东西让别人听到。当我们中的一些人与社会潮流背道而驰时，我们可能足够聪明，将自己的喜好贴上“罪恶的快乐”的标签，这既承认了规则，也为违反了规则而道歉。)”可知，当人们试图融入某个群体时，他们会将自己的喜好贴上“罪恶的快乐”的标签。故选D。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“All the interviewees tended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldn't escape it. (当受访者觉得无法逃避时，他们更倾向于主动地不喜欢媒体内容。)”和“Moreover, some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others.(此外，我们中的一些人比其他人遭受更多的烦恼。)”可推断，接触在不需要的媒体内容中会加剧人们的反感。故选D。
【51题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. (保留那些受人鄙视的节目，而不是避开它们，可以帮助那些不喜欢的人在公众舆论的法庭上畅所欲言。或者有些人可能喜欢他们不喜欢的东西，以此来避免破坏某些关系。)”可知，在一个让每个人都感到满足的世界里，着迷于不喜欢可以帮助你重新获得控制权。所以Reveling in为“深爱；酷爱；着迷”之意。故选A。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For all the attention given to what we like, what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering. (对于我们所喜欢的事物所给予的所有关注，我们不喜欢的事物也可以同样重要、有趣和有力量。)”和第六段“Therefore, speaking about dislikes is an act of resistance—a refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media content that doesn't connect.(因此，谈论不喜欢是一种反抗的行为——拒绝让公共空间被不相连的媒体内容所征服。)”可推断，作者试图在这篇文章中传达“接受我们不喜欢的东西是一种处理权力不平衡的方法”这一观点。故选C。北京八中高一下英语开学测试
考试时间：40分钟
1. He will never make progress in math __________ he really wants to learn it.
A. if B. as long as C. unless D. in case
2. A report on food safety in Beijing _______ on January 15th,2018 and it has received positive reviews.
A. published B. was published C. has published D. has been published
3. This problem again We __________ it many times!
A. are discussing B. discussed C. had discussed D. have discussed
4. On Sunday morning, Nancy __________ plans for the trip when her mother walked in.
A. is reviewing B. will review C. was reviewing D. reviewed
5. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving
6. —Is there a hospital nearby I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.
—It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.
A. took B. take
C. will take D. have taken
7. Rosa _____ this washing machine for more than ten years. She is thinking about buying a new one.
A. is using B. used
C. had used D. has been using
8. The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.
A. whose B. where
C. when D. which
9. Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce.
A. was served B. will serve
C. is served D. served
10. _____ gas prices are rising, people are looking for less expensive ways to get around.
A. Now that B. Even if
C. Although D. Unless
11. You can smoke here __________ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
A. even though B. so that C. in case D. as long as
12. —Can we play on the football field now
—No, the grass __________.
A. will be cut B. is being cut C. was cut D. has been cut
13. —You seem to be familiar with the school.
—I __________ here for three years. It’s great to be back.
A. studied B. have studied C. had studied D. study
14. The goals __________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A. after which B. with which C. for which D. at which
15. Sir Denis has made it known that he __________ much of his collection to the nation after his death.
A. has left B. left C. would leave D. will leave
16. —What’s the matter with Coco
—She has a headache because she __________ too long; she ought to stop working now.
A. has been reading B. was reading C. reads D. had read
17. If Nina __________ that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her, she wouldn’t have walked back home.
A. knows B. knew C. has known D. had known
18. I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown.
A. that B. which
C. who D. when
19. After college, he was employed in a middle school and there ever since.
A. would worked B. had worked
C. worked D. has worked
20. Scientists are building a powerful instrument, which __________ them see deep into space.
A. has helped B. will help C. helped D. would helped
21. Large groups that want to visit the museum have to get permission __________ they visit it.
A. unless B. where C. as D. before
22. Since 18th January, 2018, some airlines in China __________ mobile phone use on their aircrafts.
A. allow B. allowed C. have allowed D. had allowed
23. Moving abroad means entering a culture __________ the customs and the language are different.
A where B. when C. which D. whose
24. Once Jason becomes interested in some topic, he can’t help thinking about it __________ he goes.
A. however B. wherever C. whenever D. whomever
25. Mike hasn’t appeared for two weeks, __________ his friends are wondering what has happened to him.
A. so B. but C. or D. for
26. She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
27. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house________ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
28. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, __________ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
29. Finally they arrived at a place, __________ sold cigarettes and other small articles.
A. where B. which C. in which D. what
30. Alice received an invitation from her boss, __________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. who
第二节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Yes Day
My friends and I were having breakfast at a Mexican holiday resort (旅游胜地) while enjoying the cool sea breeze. It promised to be another ___31___ day, as we embraced the break from our busy routine.
We were looking over the list of the resort’s activities. After we ___32___to convince (说服) each other of what would be best to do, I said, “Let’s have a YES DAY and say yes to EVERY activity, even if it’s not in our comfort zone. Let’s ___33___ and enjoy ourselves in unexpected ways.”
I hate ___34___ , but the zipline over the resort was at the top of our list. I was scared when I climbed into position. I wanted to back out, but my friends cheered me on. So, I jumped off the platform and screamed the whole way down. But I was glad I ___35___ it. Besides the ___36___, I also appreciated the amazing views. Thankfully, I didn’t say no, otherwise I would have missed this wonderful experience.
My friend Katie, who didn’t want to do karaoke, also had to face her ___37___ of being the center of attention. We danced and sang, laughing all night long. We were ___38___ brave enough to attend a wedding party and danced on a glass topper over a swimming pool.
We still talk about our magical Yes Day! When we see the photos from that magical time, we are so happy. In fact, we may miss so much if we only ___39___ what we are comfortable doing. I believe we all___40___ Yes Days.
31.
A. interesting B. relaxing C. inspiring D. rewarding
32.
A. failed B. agreed C. managed D. decided
33.
A. help B. relieve C. challenge D. appreciate
34.
A. sports B. changes C. surprises D. heights
35.
A. did B. had C. got D. won
36.
A. pride B. pain C. anxiety D. excitement
37.
A shame B. fear C. regret D. loneliness
38.
A. even B. just C. almost D. still
39.
A. put off B. give up C. stick to D. turn to
40.
A. want B. need C. enjoy D. remember
第三节 阅读理解(共 12小题;每小题3分，共36分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a clueless freshman, I waltzed into my first creative writing course by accident, thinking it was a literature class on how to read stories, not how to write them.
When the teacher introduced the course, I realized my mistake. The credits I earned from the course wouldn’t count toward my major. By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course. Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic.
But taking the class would be impossible: I wasn’t even on the waitlist. That’s when the teacher asked for a volunteer to submit the first workshop story.
Silence blanketed the room. No one risked eye contact. Whoever volunteered would have to write a whole story in a week. Perhaps they, like me, had never written one before.
Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class ” He said he would.
So, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite.
Years later, I’d completed a degree in creative writing and was working on a novel when a literary agent (经纪人) asked to read the first 50 pages of my draft. But I wasn’t comfortable showing her anything; the novel was far from done.
Throughout graduate school, I’d been advised many times not to contact agents until I have a complete draft. In the meanwhile, I knew the beginning of my story was attractive and that the agent might not remember me after a year.
So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. I sent her the first three chapters. A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. She has since seen me through the publication of three novels.
Determination, focus, perseverance—the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. And yet if I’d trained my gaze only on the path ahead, I would have missed so many happy accidents, so many beautiful opportunities to look up, raise my hand, and say yes.
41 What made the author finally decide to take the course
A. The popularity of the course.
B. Her curiosity about story writing.
C Her confidence in her writing skills.
D. The need to get credits for her degree.
42. The author volunteered to write the first workshop story to
A. challenge herself B. impress the teacher
C. display her talent D. win a place in the class
43. The author sent her first three chapters to the agent because
A. her friends advised her to do so
B. her story was attractive to readers
C. the agent asked her to turn in the work
D. she wanted to get the chance of publication
44 What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Action speaks louder than words.
B. Chance favors only the prepared mind.
C. Success comes to those who will and dare.
D. Confidence leads to growth and fulfillment.
B
In recent years, wooden buildings have reached new heights, with soaring wooden skyscrapers completed or underway in countries like Norway, Switzerland and Australia. Sweden, likewise, has come up with a plan as big as a city — building the world’s biggest wooden city. As the world’s largest urban construction project in wood, Stockholm Wood City will be built in Sweden’s capital, Stockholm in 2025.
By using wood, the project is expected to reduce carbon footprint by up to 40%, compared with building in concrete and steel, says Annica An s, CEO of Atrium Ljungberg, a Swedish urban development company. Some people may have concerns over fire risks posed by wooden buildings, but experts say engineered timber (木材) can resist fire as well. As with other modern construction projects using wood, Wood City will still use some concrete and steel in places like the foundations, but the overall amounts will be greatly reduced. As wooden buildings are much lighter, their foundations can be smaller.
The construction will not be as noisy as it is built from concrete and bricks, adds Ms An s. This makes wooden buildings particularly suitable for urban redevelopment in general, since putting them up is less likely to annoy the neighbours. It should also be profitable. Ms An s is looking for a return on investment of 20% or better. “Sweden is progressive when it comes to wood construction,” she says.
The world’s largest wooden city is supposed to make commute (通勤) easier and shorter, decreasing emissions from transportation. The website for the project describes Stockholm Wood City as a “five-minute city”, which means that anywhere one would need to go — work, grocery stores, or school, for example—would only be a five-minute walk away. As An s concluded, “We want to create an environment where our customers, those who will live and work here, can participate in the development and design of the city district of the future.”
45. What is the project about
A. Making Stockholm a low-carbon city.
B. Creating more wooden skyscrapers in Sweden.
C. Building the highest wooden building in Europe.
D. Constructing the largest wooden city in the world.
46. What advantage do wooden buildings have over concrete and steel buildings
A. They can strongly resist fires.
B. They are more comfortable to live in.
C. They are more environmentally friendly.
D. They are built on a more stable foundation.
47. Why are wooden buildings suitable for urban redevelopment
A. They are profitable for investors.
B. They cause less noise when built.
C. They have a short construction period.
D. They are less costly to maintain and repair.
48. How can we describe the future life in the wooden city
A. Secure. B. Stressful. C. Convenient. D. Fashionable.
C
Millions watch the Oscars every year, but I'm always interested in the Razzies (金酸梅奖), which recognize cinematic underachievement. For all the attention given to what we like, what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering.
French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu saw dislike as snobbery. He saw all judgments of taste, favorable or not, as performances of class. The rich could justify their place, he argued, by claiming to have more refined tastes. Knowing which literature or art to praise could signal to. others their rightful place at the top of society. Oversimplified his theory might be, it is not entirely wrong.
Furthermore, dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in. It means learning the unspoken rules of what's OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear. When some of us swim against the social tide, we might be savvy (精明的) enough to label our likes as “guilty pleasures”, which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them.
In my research, though, I found that dislike isn't just a form of snobbery.
We interviewed over 200 people, a diverse group in race, age, and social class. All the interviewees tended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldn't escape it. Many people can't choose the radio station that's playing at work, or what's on TV at the bar. Moreover, some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others. Remote controls, for instance, have long been seen as a special right of dads, with women and kids given less power to change the channel. Everyone turns to media hoping for specific needs to be met, but those who have those needs realized less often are those who might dislike more often.
Therefore, speaking about dislikes is an act of resistance — a refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media content that doesn't connect.
Dislike can certainly transform into anger or hate, but it may also take a more playful form. Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off. Why Reveling in dislike can help regain control in a world that overwhelms everyone with content. Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. Many of us can probably relate to the experience of having a friend who insists we watch something against our will.
What if, rather than resenting the show or the person, we simply embrace it in all of its embarrassing glory By all means, pay attention to the advice to “ignore the haters”. But a lot can be learned by listening to the dislikers.
49. According to Paragraph 3, people label their likes as “guilty pleasures” when they_________.
A. follow the mainstream B. take pride in their taste
C. set up the unspoken rules D. try to fit into a certain group
50. What can we learn from the passage
A. Dislikes can he found mostly among the rich.
B. Learning about literature and art is an act of snobbery.
C. Expressing dislike helps maintain one's social relationships.
D. Exposure to unwanted media content intensifies people's dislike.
51. What does the underlined phrase "Reveling in" in the text probably mean
A. Taking delight in. B. Showing concern for.
C. Drawing lessons from. D. Establishing connection to.
52. What message does the author try to convey in this passage
A. We are encouraged to launch debates over hot issues in public.
B. Staying away from the haters is a sensible means to avoid trouble.
C. Embracing our dislikes can be a way to deal with power imbalance.
D. The media should aim to meet the needs of different groups of audience.
