UNIT 4分层跟踪检测(二)Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
A级必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The (politics) was deeply hurt when many of his former supporters voted against him and he lost his place in the government.
2.All cars will be powered by (electric),solar energy or wind in the future city.
3.In striking contrast to their brothers,the girls were both (intelligence) and charming.
4.When (take) according to the instructions,the drug has no effect.
5.We found the film harmful,so we ordered it (ban).
6.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already (lay) for a meal to be cooked.
7.Radium, (discover) in the chemistry lab,gave off a blue light.
8. (shock) by what he had done,Mary could at first say nothing.
9.After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelop (provide).
Ⅱ.短语填空
by accident,far from,show off,due to,look forward to
1.Needless to say,I didn’t an entire term of being brushed off.
2.I think she hurt my feelings deliberately rather than as she claimed.
3.The art festival is an annual event where the students can their talents.
4. the efforts of the local government,up to 200 children can go back to school.
5.The art show was a failure;it was a great success.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。
If so many barriers,I wouldn’t be where I am.
2.到目前为止,还没有人来拿走在图书馆发现的书。
So far nobody has come to take away .
3.他决心戒烟,把剩下的香烟都扔掉了。
,he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
4.我们通常根据我们的目标来做重要的决定。
We usually make the important decision .
B级能力素养提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Robert Jarvik,born on May 11,1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamford,is a medical scientist and researcher,who played an important role in the invention of the artificial heart.He was interested in medicine from a young age.He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent (专利权) for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and considered a career in art.When his father developed heart disease suddenly,he decided then to work on a medical career.He applied to medical schools,but was not admitted to any schools in the US.Before long,he was admitted to the medical school in Italy and stayed there for two years.He returned to get a degree in medicine from New York University in 1971.
After working for a period of time,Jarvik got a job in the organ transplant (器官移植) program at the University of Utah in 1972.He worked with the director of the program,Willem Kolff,who invented the kidney dialysis (肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came to the University of Utah,the organ program had already developed the primary artificial heart.He improved it by creating a diaphragm (横膈膜),which solved many issues with the heart.Eventually,he created the first artificial heart in 1981,the Jarvik-7,to be placed in a human patient,which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history.
Barney Clark,a retired dentist suffering from serious heart disease,received the Jarvik-7 transplant on December 2,1982.He lived for 112 days after the operation,but the transplant was considered a success.Though receiving criticism for the risk referred to transplant an artificial heart,the Jarvik-7 still became very important for patients who were waiting for a heart.In 1987,Jarvik moved to New York City and formed Jarvik Research Inc.He began developing a new heart — the Jarvik 2000.This smaller machine fits inside a patient’s heart rather than replacing the entire organ.
1.How does the writer develop the passage
A.By presenting some research results.
B.By following the natural time order.
C.By discussing research experiments.
D.By comparing opinions from different fields.
2.Which of the following incidents made Robert Jarvik determine his life-long career
A.His father developed heart disease suddenly.
B.He received a patent for the medical operation.
C.He took part in the organ program at the University of Utah.
D.He refused to be admitted to any medical schools in the US.
3.What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs
A.He invented the kidney dialysis machine.
B.His greatest achievement was the man-made artificial heart.
C.He created a diaphragm to replace a patient’s heart.
D.He did the first heart transplant operation for a heart patient.
Ⅴ.七选五
(2023全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 1 .
In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier,less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 .“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 .Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.
4
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself,“ 5 .”You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Ⅵ.完形填空
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden.In 1850,he met Ascanio Sobrero,the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris.Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat,Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive (爆炸物).After years of 4 ,in 1867,at the age of 34,Nobel invented dynamite (炸药),which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime,Nobel invented and patented various explosives.He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions,among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888,a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告).Reading his own obituary,Nobel was 7 to find out his public image.Then newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite,giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr.Alfred Nobel,who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before,died yesterday.”
To Alfred,this obituary was a(n) 10 .He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will so as to 12 his public image,and to be remembered for a good cause.In 1895,one year before his death,Nobel made the last 13 ,saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics,chemistry,physiology or medicine,literature,and peace.To widespread astonishment,Dr.Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
1.A.remembering B.honouring
C.crediting D.negating
2.A.nature B.conduct
C.flavour D.benefit
3.A.deadly B.bitter
C.usable D.mild
4.A.innovations B.efforts
C.hesitation D.association
5.A.brought up B.put up
C.broke up D.built up
6.A.mistakenly B.purposefully
C.unintentionally D.scientifically
7.A.satisfied B.relieved
C.impressed D.disappointed
8.A.praised B.blamed
C.appreciated D.favoured
9.A.greedy B.essential
C.rich D.sufficient
10.A.error B.warning
C.threat D.consequence
11.A.destroying B.inventing
C.combining D.stimulating
12.A.improve B.establish
C.illustrate D.secure
13.A.request B.illustration
C.will D.fortune
14.A.choices B.decisions
C.profits D.contributions
15.A.gave away B.gave back
C.gave off D.gave out
Ⅶ.语法填空
Nowadays,vegetarian(素食主义的)eating is becoming more popular.Although it does have a good reputation for 1. (benefit) our health,recent news has focused on what could be bad about vegetarian diets,2. (include) stroke risk,harm to brain health,hair loss and depression.
British researchers 3. (follow) more than 48,000 men and women with no history of heart disease or stroke for about 18 years.Vegetarians had a 20% 4. (high) rate of stroke than meat eaters.Another expert wrote that the trend towards vegetarian diets may lead to a choline(胆碱) crisis.Choline is a nutrient(营养物) 5. is important for brain health and other functions.It can 6.(find) in meat,and our body can’t make all that humans need.
So,can giving up meat lead to hair loss A recent report found that a severe lack of protein,among other diet shortcomings,can lead to it.That’s 7. meat contains iron,vitamin B,and zinc,which are all important for hair 8. (grow).
Can vegetarian and vegan diets affect our mood Research on this is mixed.Some studies have found that going meatless 9.(improve) mood,but others have found 10. opposite.In one study of 400 new mothers,80 of them suffered from postpartum(产后的) depression.A vegetarian diet was one factor that seemed to make it more likely to be depressed.
参考答案
UNIT 4
分层跟踪检测(二)Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
Ⅰ.1.politician 2.electricity 3.intelligent 4.taken 5.banned 6.laid 7.discovered 8.Shocked 9.provided
Ⅱ.1.look forward to 2.by accident 3.show off 4.Due to 5.far from
Ⅲ.1.I hadn’t been faced with 2.the books discovered in the library 3.Determined to give up smoking 4.based on our aims
Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了医学科学家罗伯特·贾维克发明了人造心脏及人造心脏的作用。
1.B 推理判断题。文章出现了大量的具体时间,例如“May 11,1946”“1971”和“1981”等,遵循自然时间顺序来描述罗伯特·贾维克的成长经历及他所获得的成就。由此可知,作者是按照自然的时间顺序展开这篇文章的。故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When his father developed heart disease suddenly,he decided then to work on a medical career.”可知,罗伯特·贾维克的父亲突然患上了心脏病,这使他决定把医学作为他的终身职业。故选A项。
3.B 段落大意题。根据最后两段内容可知,贾维克最大的成就是人造心脏。故选B项。
Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为读者提供“成为一个有耐心的人”的方法:表达感谢、学会等待、走出舒适区。
1.G 此句为细节句。根据第一段第一句“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common ”可知,交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始都是需要耐心的事情,这与G项“They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.”相吻合,且呼应第二段中的“practiced patience”。
2.E 此句为细节句。第三段第一句“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”讲的是表达感谢的好处。E项“It can also help us practice more patience.”也是表达感谢的好处。故选E项,形成“it makes us...It can also help...”并列关系。
3.B 此句为过渡句。根据第四段第二句“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.”提到了practice,空后的句子“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”列举了一些等待的事情。由此推出B项“Start with small tasks(从小事开始做起)”符合题意。
4.C 此句为主旨句。根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可推知,本段的主题句应为“接受令人不舒适的事情”,故选C项。
5.F 此句为细节句。根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”的后半句可知,当我们经历舒适区外的事物时,我们会变得不耐烦。因此,我们应该学会对自己说“这只是不舒服,不是不可忍受”,故选F项。
Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品,却因此受到了人们的诟病,为了提升自己的公众形象,他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖,用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
1.B 诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一,表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。B项符合语境。
2.A 根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知,这是硝酸甘油的性质。
3.C 根据下文中的“in 1867,at the age of 34,Nobel invented dynamite,which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知,诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。
4.B 诺贝尔一开始寻找一种方法来控制它,并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。
5.D 根据空后的“his wealth”可知,他通过355项发明积累了财富,其中炸药是最重要的。
6.A 根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知,是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世,所以报纸是刊登错了。
7.D 读着自己的讣告,诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。
8.B 根据本句中的“giving him the nickname of ‘the merchant of death’”可知,报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。
9.C 根据上文可知,诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。
10.B 诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象,所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。
11.B 根据上文“During his lifetime,Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知,他一生都在独自发明东西,他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。
12.A 根据上文可知,他很在意自己的形象,所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时,他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。
13.C 根据句意可知,1895年,也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年,他立了最后一份遗嘱,明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项,奖励那些在物理、化学等方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。
14.D 见上题解析。
15.A 根据句意可知,让众人惊讶的是,诺贝尔捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。
Ⅶ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了素食的坏处。
1.benefiting 考查非谓语动词。本空前的for是介词,后接动名词作宾语。故填benefiting。
2.including 考查介词。including是介词,意为“包括”,介词短语作状语。故填including。
3.followed/have followed 考查动词时态。根据本句中的“for about 18 years”可知,这里应该用一般过去时或现在完成时,主语是复数。故填followed/have followed。
4.higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据本句中的连词than可知,此处应用比较级。故填higher。
5.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是nutrient,在从句中作主语,且指物,用关系代词which或者that引导。故填which/that。
6.be found 考查动词语态。主语It和谓语动词find构成了逻辑上的被动关系,所以这里用被动语态,can是情态动词,故填be found。
7.because 考查名词性从句。根据句意,此处用because引导表语从句。故填because。
8.growth 考查名词。介词后接名词作宾语。hair growth头发的生长。故填growth。
9.improves 考查动词时态和主谓一致。当句子的主语是动名词或动名词短语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。此处的主语是going meatless,句子主时态是一般现在时。故填improves。
10.the 考查冠词。the opposite特指这件事的对立面,作found的宾语。故填the。UNIT 4分层跟踪检测(一)Welcome to the unit & Reading
A级必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Located at the foot of a volcano,the village has developed dendrobium,a traditional Chinese (herb) medicine.
2.Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their (survive) skills and maintain their wild nature.
3.Since time is (limit),I drafted my speech in 10 minutes.
4.Reward all those involved in the debate (sufficient) when the goals are reached.
5.The train,carrying loaded (contain) on flatcars,was 1.2 miles long.
6.Initially in parts of Europe and in China,glasses were a symbol of (wise) and intelligence.
7.The doctor considered that the change would be (benefit) to her health.
8.It wasn’t until 1980—32 years into his career — he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
9.There was an interesting (illustrate) in the book that I was reading describing what his hometown was like in his eyes.
10.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son (graduate) from college.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make contributions to,refer to,give up,speed up,pay off,through trial and error,draw on,in short supply
1.When nutrients are the body cannot function well.
2.For more information,you can the official website of China Daily.
3.Instead,it will slow down everyone a little bit but checkout overall.
4.His major in college is agriculture and he is eager to our country.
5.Though Tang poems are very difficult to learn,your efforts will one day.
6.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to our experience from the past.
7.As we know,a scientist will make it to the top of his research only .
8.She didn’t working when she had the baby.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.阅读一本书之前,你应该先查阅目录。
Before you read a book,you the catalogue first.
2.就是一个冲突我们无法更好地解决。
we aren’t getting any better at resolving.
3.他们有预见未来的能力,可以发出任何问题的信号,这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。
,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
4.安装这种机器相当昂贵,但从长远来看是奏效的。
It is rather costly to install the machinery,but in the long run.
5.如果不下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
Without rain,we .
B级能力素养提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The next time you have cheese loudly,remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk,and many diseases are caused by bacteria(细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology.In his lifetime,he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases,but also discovered the process of vaccination(接种疫苗),which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his experiments,he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens.Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die.This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died.He realized soon that the cholera had become weak.By the time he tried again,the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore.He realized that a weak cholera helped,and his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later,Pasteur went on to try this on cows,pigs and dogs.All his research helped him develop different vaccines.We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body.Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria.Now,when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger,it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology,chemistry,and medicine.He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases.It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries.For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease,we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
1.What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A.His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B.He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
C.His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
D.He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
2.What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A.Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B.Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C.All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D.The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures.
3.What is the function of the process of vaccination
A.It builds up people’s body.
B.Without it,people will die.
C.It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.
D.It can kill all the diseases and make the sick healthy.
4.What is the purpose of the article
A.To show the discoveries of the vaccination.
B.To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur.
C.To introduce an important invention in microbiology.
D.To honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
B
As Paralympic athletes(残奥会运动员) have been setting new records on Earth,more than 30 people from the UK have become members of a project,which aims to show how people with disabilities can become astronauts.
The Parastronaut Project is looking for people who are suitable to fly into space but haven’t had a chance because of physical disabilities.The project wants to develop something that can make it easier for people with disabilities to travel into space.“If there is one thing we have learned by working on International Space Station,it is that there is great value in diversity,” said a recent report.“We can benefit from their exceptional experience and their ability to adapt to special environments.”
The project worked with the International Paralympic Committee to understand the different types of challenges that people may face.Then it developed a “traffic light” system to determine what types of disabilities are safe for space travel,which ones aren’t,and which ones could be made safe for space travel with certain changes.
Dr.Irene said,“There are some disabilities that could be beneficial for space travel.” For example,people under 1.3 meters tall were chosen because being taller can be a disadvantage in a narrow spacecraft.
There have been 257 applicants from different places.They will enter a long selection process,including tests,interviews,and medical assessments,before successful candidates are announced in October,2023.
5.What does the underlined word “exceptional” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Similar. B.Boring.
C.Extraordinary. D.Tough.
6.What is the purpose of the “traffic light” system
A.To provide tools for difficult environments.
B.To highlight the importance of traffic safety.
C.To offer instructions when people travel into space.
D.To identify what types of disabilities are safe for space travel.
7.What is Dr.Irene’s attitude towards some disabilities for space travel
A.Doubtful. B.Concerned.
C.Positive. D.Curious.
8.In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Science.
C.Education. D.Health.
Ⅴ.七选五
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. 1 .While others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths(缪见):
I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family
Wrong! While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families. 2 .
3 .
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately(精确).
Exercise is boring
Wrong! 4 .The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain,no gain
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injuries.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. 5 .
A.I am fat because I burn calories slowly
B.And the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little
C.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older
D.Anything will be interesting if you do the same kind of exercise
E.If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice
F.Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively
G.And the only reason is that their parents are fat
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look.Behind it,the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach ...the animals
Since June 2017,right before the 1. (arrive) of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. (confidence) speaking English.And who do they speak English 3.
Not the pandas,even though 4. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5.(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.They also need to be ready to give 6. (interview) in English with international journalists.This is 7. they need an English trainer.
So,what are they learning 8. (basic),how to describe a panda’s life.It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. to see the pandas settle into their new home.As a little girl,I 10.(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now,I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
参考答案
UNIT 4
分层跟踪检测(一)Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.1.herbal 2.survival 3.limited 4.sufficiently 5.containers 6.wisdom 7.beneficial 8.that 9.illustration 10.had graduated
Ⅱ.1.in short supply 2.refer to 3.speed up 4.make contributions to 5.pay off 6.draw on 7.through trial and error 8.give up
Ⅲ.1.should refer to 2.It’s a conflict that 3.With their ability to see ahead 4.it will pay off 5.should have had a pleasant journey
Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了法国微生物学家Louis Pasteur发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生命。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Louis Pasteur发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选D项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时,他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾病,但没有死亡。这很奇怪,因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重了。当他再次尝试时,他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助,他的鸡产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体。由此可推断,有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死,因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了,故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体,使人体产生了对抗细菌的抗体,增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了微生物学家Louis Pasteur,他发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生命。由此可推断,本文写作目的在于缅怀这位伟大的科学家,提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在让残疾人更容易进入太空的“残疾人宇航员项目”。
5.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The Parastronaut Project is looking for...diversity”,可知,残疾人宇航员项目的目的是要把不同身体状况的人带入太空,来增加国际空间站人员的多样性。由此可推断,exceptional与extraordinary同义,指“特殊的,特别的”。故选C项。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then it developed a ‘traffic light’ system...with certain changes.”可知,“交通灯”系统的目的是确定什么类型的残疾对太空旅行是安全的。故选D项。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There are some disabilities that could be beneficial for space travel.”可知,有些残疾可能对太空旅行有益。由此可推断,Dr.Irene对太空旅行中的残疾是持肯定态度的。故选C项。
8.B 文章出处题。纵观全文,主要介绍旨在让残疾人更容易进入太空的“残疾人宇航员项目”,与科技有关。故选B项。
Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,旨在澄清人们关于肥胖和运动的几个认识误区。作者告诉我们,肥胖和遗传无关,肥胖不是因为新陈代谢缓慢;运动可以是有趣的;运动不以疼痛为代价。
1.C 根据下文“While others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.”可知,C项 (有些人认为,随着年龄的增长,他们禁不住会发胖。)符合语境,故选C项。
2.B 根据上文虽然我们不能改变天生的体型,但我们不能责怪基因让我们变胖。有大量证据表明,肥胖在家庭中普遍存在可知,列举了那些认为家族基因遗传是自己肥胖原因的人,因此,B项 (主要原因是他们有着相同的习惯,吃得太多,锻炼得太少。)能够起到总结说明的作用,指出其实肥胖的主要原因是吃得很多、运动很少的家庭饮食习惯。故选B项。
3.A 根据下文“Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism.”可知,这一段主要讲新陈代谢的速度对肥胖的影响,同时本段内容与A项 (燃烧卡路里缓慢)相对应。故选A项。
4.F 根据小标题Exercise is boring(运动很无聊)与F项 (如果一件事你重复地做,任何事都会无聊)相呼应。故选F项。
5.E 根据上文中的“the aches should disappear relatively quickly”可推断,本空应该是假设另一种情况:如果疼痛没有消失,你就需要休息和寻求医学帮助。E项 (如果没有,请休息并就医。)符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的工作是帮助熊猫饲养员在用英语与国际游客和记者交流时感到舒适和自信。
1.arrival 考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的the two new pandas可知,此处应用arrive的名词形式arrival。
2.confident 考查名词与形容词的词性转化。根据and前的comfortable可知,and后的词性应与前面的comfortable保持一致,故用confidence的形容词。
3.with/to 考查考生根据上下文正确使用介词的能力。此句意思是“那么,他们到底要跟谁说英语呢 ”该句谓语动词speak在表达“说话,讲话”这个意思时,既可以用作简单的及物动词,后面只接宾语,如He speaks German,也可以出于特定的交际目的需要将说话的对象明示出来,此时就需要使用介词 with /to来引出这个名词或者词组,以构成He speaks German with /to somebody这样一种结构。本句中speak的宾语是English,句首的疑问代词who就是 they speak English的对象。因此在句末需要填入介词with或to。
4.the 考查冠词。此处特指前面所提到的英语这门语言,故表示特指,应用定冠词the。
5.visiting 考查非谓语动词。空后的Chinese zookeepers与visit之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。
6.interviews 考查名词。根据空前的动词give可知,此处应用interview的名词形式,再根据interview是可数名词可知,此处应用其复数形式interviews。
7.why 考查名词性从句引导词。上文所叙述的是熊猫饲养员需要英语培训师的原因,故此处用why。
8.Basically 考查副词。根据空后的逗号可知,此处应用副词作状语。
9.and 考查连词。此处用and连接前后两个动词不定式短语 to watch...和to see...。
10.wished 考查时态。由本句的时间状语when I grew up用了一般过去时可知,此处应用wish的过去式wished。UNIT 4分层跟踪检测(三)Extended reading & Project & Assessment
A级必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Don’t let us ,Paul.It’s time for you to shine.
2.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has (science) backing.
3.I have matured and I admit (responsible) of my actions.
4.She was a beautiful girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.
5.In other words,resolving an argument cuts your (negate) feelings by half.
6.I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete (ignore) of history.
7.They seemed to have a perfect (marry) but the truth was very different.
8.In our country,everyone has rights and (free) to express his thoughts and ideas.
9.It had also given me a choice,either to leave that page blank to keep writing the story with hope.
10.On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, to the ocean.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be familiar to,let sb.down,turn over,as to,take it for granted,put forward
1.The manager a suggestion that we should have an assistant.
2.This gave me a clue the source of the problem.
3.We played well,but I felt our point guard .
4.The man referred to at the meeting yesterday all of us.
5.With pleasure and confidence,we each new stone to find unimagined strangeness.
6.I once parents should do everything for us,which is wrong.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。
I work not because I have to, .
2.老师给学生出了一道如此难的数学题,以至于没人算出来。
The teacher gave the students nobody worked it out.
3.当这个女孩高兴的时候,她不是唱歌就是跳舞。
When the girl is happy, .
4.很难说出一个没有登上过舞台的喜剧明星的名字。
a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage.
B级能力素养提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Dr.Teruo Higa was born on December 28,1941 on Okinawa and grew up there.He studied agriculture and took his doctorate from the Agricultural Research Department of Kyushu University Graduate School.He became a lecturer in 1970 and has been professor of horticulture(园艺) since 1982.
Dr.Higa is famous for creating EM technology.He created EM technology in order to address the problem of excess waste and bad farming techniques in the present-day world.EM stands for effective microorganisms(有效微生物群).It is a multi-culture of coexisting anaerobic(无氧的,厌氧的) and aerobic(需氧的,有氧的) microorganisms.Microorganisms(微生物) are the smallest complete units of life.They can exist independent of a bigger organism.Bacteria are considered microorganisms.They are constantly at work,some helping bigger organisms,and others bringing decay and bad health.These opposing processes of constructive and destructive forces are always ongoing,creating a balance.If the balance tips towards the destructive side,the host organism grows ill.If it tips towards the constructive side,the organism experiences good health.
These organisms can be used in farming to create a good growing environment for all kinds of crops and animals.The process involves collecting human and animal waste products such as kitchen garbage and manure.This is then sealed into a barrel along with a certain amount of EM powder.The microorganisms then turn the waste into mulch(覆盖物,护根),which acts as a great source of nutrients for crops and animals.Rice paddies(稻田) that are treated with EM produce harvests that are much bigger than those of conventional farms.Moreover,EM rice paddies require less tilling(耕作) and weeding than other paddies.
Dr.Higa’s ideas have caught on around the world.One of his biggest successes was in North Korea,where his technology was used to create a record-breaking crop yield.EM helped many crops,such as corn,Welsh onions and Chinese cabbages in North Korea.For North Korea,this was a godsend.
1.Why is Dr.Higa famous
A.He is a professor of horticulture.
B.He created EM technology.
C.He started making too much waste.
D.He is a great farmer.
2.Which of the following best describes microorganisms
A.The smallest units of life.
B.Something that causes bad health.
C.Necessary for good health.
D.An unimportant part of farming.
3.What do microorganisms do in the EM process
A.They destroy waste products.
B.They cause ill health.
C.They turn waste into a useful mulch.
D.They decrease the size of harvests.
4.What happened in North Korea
A.It was a rich country.
B.They decided not to use EM technology.
C.Dr.Higa was not invited to the country.
D.EM technology led to a record-breaking harvest.
Ⅴ.七选五
3D printing has many uses and limitless possibilities. 1 ,such as clothing and musical instruments.
But can you imagine printing food Some scientists are trying to change the dining experience by doing this.They hope having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as common as the microwave. 2 .You simply have to select a recipe and put the raw (未处理的) food “inks” into the printer.You can also select the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it.It would be very easy to create tasty meals.
3 .There would be less need for traditional growing,transporting and packaging processes as printed food would produce less waste and pollution,which benefits our environment.
4 .It could take away many jobs,including those for growing,transporting and packaging food.Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”.Traditional cafés and restaurants might lose business.
It is also hard to imagine a world where the joy of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button. 5 .
A.We still have a long way to go
B.Scientists say that it is easy to use
C.Printing food would be saving the environment
D.Businesses will adopt the technology so as to save time
E.However,some think 3D printed food wouldn’t be promising
F.People can create the things they need very quickly with 3D printers
G.As we all know,cooking and eating with the family has long been an enjoyable activity
Ⅵ.应用文写作
假定你是李华,你的美国笔友John得知你校上月举办了首届校园科技节活动,发邮件向你询问相关情况,请你回复邮件。内容包括:
1.活动的目的;
2.活动内容;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
Dear John,
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
UNIT 4
分层跟踪检测(三)Extended reading &
Project & Assessment
Ⅰ.1.down 2.scientific 3.responsibility 4.such 5.negative 6.ignorance 7.marriage 8.freedom 9.or 10.but
Ⅱ.1.put forward 2.as to 3.let us down 4.is familiar to 5.turn over 6.took it for granted that
Ⅲ.1.but because I want to 2.such a difficult maths problem that 3.she either sings or dances 4.It is hard to name
Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述Higa博士发明的EM技术。同时介绍了该项技术的原理以及产生的积极影响。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dr.Higa is famous for creating EM technology.”可知,他因为EM技术而闻名。故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Microorganisms are the smallest complete units of life.”可知,微生物是最小的生命单位。故选A项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The microorganisms then turn the waste into mulch,which acts as a great source of nutrients for crops and animals.”可知,微生物的作用是将废物转化为地膜,为作物和动物提供营养来源。故选C项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“One of his biggest successes was in North Korea,where his technology was used to create a record-breaking crop yield.”可知,EM技术给朝鲜带来了破纪录的丰收。故选D项。
Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍3D打印技术的使用以及3D打印食品的优缺点。
1.F 根据本句中的“such as clothing and musical instruments”可知,举例说明3D打印技术可以用来打印东西。由此可推断,F项(人们可以使用3D打印机快速创建所需的东西)引出下文,符合题意。故选F项。
2.B 根据下文“You simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer.”说明3D打印食品是非常容易的,B项(科学家说它很容易使用)引出下文,符合题意。故选B项。
3.C 根据下文可知,3D打印食品对环境有利,C项(3D打印食品将拯救环境)符合题意。故选C项。
4.E 根据下文可知,3D打印食品会造成许多人失业,E项(然而,一些人认为3D打印食品的前景并不乐观)说明一些人不看好3D打印食品,符合题意。故选E项。
5.G 根据上文可知,3D打印食品给人们带来便利的同时也让人们失去了烹饪的乐趣,G项(众所周知,与家人一起做饭和吃饭一直是一项令人愉快的活动)说明一直以来,人们享受烹饪的乐趣,符合题意。故选G项。
Ⅵ.
Dear John,
I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month,which aimed at enriching us students’ school life and promoting the students’ awareness of innovation.
There were a variety of activities in the festival,where participants could show their designs and products.The activity turned out a great success.I was astonished at the schoolmates’ creativity and teamwork spirit.
I do hope more activities will be held to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
Yours,
Li Hua
