Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册)
单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空6篇)
I. 完形填空
A
(2024上·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一乌鲁木齐市第十一中学校考期末)The email got my heart racing. “Thank you for letting me 1 your classes. It was an unusual experience,” it began.
As an industry scientist, I taught at a university in my spare time. By that point in the semester, I hadn’t asked the students to solve any 2 problems or even turn on their computers. Instead, I’d 3 practical exercises that taught them teamwork and communication, skills they’d need in industry. My 4 caught the attention of the university, so a teaching expert appeared in my class.
The 5 made me wonder whether university officials would praise the 6 view I brought from industry—or remove me from the classroom.
I 7 they might have been taken aback (吓一跳). But after that unsettling 8 , their email was positive: “I understand the important message you’re 9 ,” they wrote. “Today’s industry is about people, not just computers. I 10 support you. Keep up the good work.”
I’ve now been teaching this course for 4 years, enough 11 for me to see some of my students 12 and take jobs in industry. Recently, some students told me how the 13 they gained in my class helped them land their jobs. Hearing that my 14 had a positive impact on their career paths was truly 15 .
1. A. improve B. observe C. document D. organize
2. A. mental B. personal C. technical D. environmental
3. A. focused on B. cut off C. applied for D. set aside
4. A. discovery B. experience C. growth D. approach
5. A. mail B. poster C. announcement D. invitation
6. A. familiar B. traditional C. similar D. unique
7. A. admitted B. recalled C. worried D. realized
8. A. news B. opening C. conversation D. phenomenon
9. A. receiving B. collecting C. delivering D. revising
10. A. temporarily B. definitely C. mainly D. secretly
11. A. time B. energy C. confidence D. ability
12. A. recover B. return C. withdraw D. graduate
13. A. praise B. skills C. fame D. relationships
14. A. warning B. support C. teaching D. example
15. A. rewarding B. easy C. convincing D. beneficial
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工业科学家，在业余时间在一所大学教书。作者把团队合作和沟通的实践练习作为教学重点，让学生受益匪浅。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢谢你让我旁听你的课。A. improve改善；B. observe观察；C. document记录；D. organize组织。根据后文“so a teaching expert appeared in my class(于是，一位教学专家出现在我的课堂上)”可知，有人来旁听作者的课。故选B。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这个学期的那个时候，我还没有要求学生解决任何技术问题，甚至没有要求他们打开电脑。A. mental心理的；B. personal个人的；C. technical技术的；D. environmental环境的。根据上文“As an industry scientist, I taught at a university in my spare time.(作为一名工业科学家，我在业余时间在一所大学教书)”可知，作者是工业科学家，所以是要求学生解决技术问题。故选C。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，我把重点放在了教他们团队合作和沟通的实践练习上，这些都是他们在行业中需要的技能。A. focused on集中于；B. cut off切断；C. applied for申请；D. set aside搁置。根据后文“practical exercises that taught them teamwork and communication, skills they’d need in industry”可知，作者课程的重点是教学生团队合作和沟通的实践练习。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的方法引起了大学的注意，所以我们班出现了一位教学专家。A. discovery发现；B. experience经历；C. growth生长；D. approach方法。根据上文“practical exercises that taught them teamwork and communication, skills they’d need in industry”指作者重视团队合作和沟通的实践练习的教学方法引起了大学注意。故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这封邮件让我怀疑，大学官员是会表扬我从工业界带来的独特观点，还是会把我赶出教室。A. mail邮件；B. poster海报；C. announcement公告；D. invitation邀请。呼应上文“The email got my heart racing.(这封邮件让我心跳加速)”指邮件让作者开始疑惑。故选A。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封邮件让我怀疑，大学官员是会表扬我从工业界带来的独特观点，还是会把我赶出教室。A. familiar熟悉的；B. traditional传统的；C. similar相似的；D. unique独特的。结合上文可知，作者的课重点在团队合作和沟通技能上，所以是独特的观点。故选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心他们会吓一跳。A. admitted承认；B. recalled记起；C. worried担心；D. realized意识到。根据后文“they might have been taken aback”指作者担心他们会吓一跳。故选C。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在这个令人不安的开场白之后，他们的电子邮件是积极的:“我理解你传递的重要信息，”他们写道。A. news新闻；B. opening开始；C. conversation对话；D. phenomenon现象。此处指上文“Thank you for letting me”对方用感谢作为开场白。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在这个令人不安的开场白之后，他们的电子邮件是积极的:“我理解你传递的重要信息，”他们写道。A. receiving收到；B. collecting收集；C. delivering递送；D. revising修改。根据上文“message you’re”此处指传递信息，应用动词deliver。故选C。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我绝对支持你。A. temporarily暂时地；B. definitely肯定地；C. mainly主要地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“Keep up the good work.(再接再厉)”可知，学校支持作者的教学方法。故选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在已经教这门课4年了，足够的时间让我看到我的一些学生毕业并在工业界工作。A. time时间；B. energy能量；C. confidence自信；D. ability能力。根据上文“for 4 years”可知，作者教学的时间已经足够长了，可以看到一些学生毕业。故选A。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在已经教这门课4年了，足够的时间让我看到我的一些学生毕业并在工业界工作。A. recover恢复；B. return返回；C. withdraw撤回；D. graduate毕业。根据后文“and take jobs in industry”指学生毕业参加工作。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，一些学生告诉我，他们在我的课上学到的技能是如何帮助他们找到工作的。A. praise赞美；B. skills技能；C. fame名誉；D. relationships关系。呼应上文“skills they’d need in industry”指课上学到的技能。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听说我的教学对他们的职业道路产生了积极的影响，这就值了。A. warning警告；B. support支持；C. teaching教学；D. example例子。根据上文“As an industry scientist, I taught at a university in my spare time.(作为一名工业科学家，我在业余时间在一所大学教书)”可知，作者在大学里教书，教学对学生的职业道路产生了积极的影响，故选C。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听说我的教学对他们的职业道路产生了积极的影响，这就值了。A. rewarding值得的；B. easy容易的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文“had a positive impact on their career paths”可知，学生从自己的教学中受益，让作者觉得付出是值得的。故选A。
B
(2023 江苏南通高一月考)A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 16 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 17 for truth. He always 18 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 19 back to the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived 20 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 21 to suggest that we must learn science 22 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself made many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642 ), was one of the greatest men, 23 in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 24 to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 25 towards the earth than small ones, 26 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 27 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 28 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 29 of going direct to nature, and proving our 30 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
16. A. use B. time C. speed D. trust
17. A. reason B. cause C. advice D. result
18. A. thinks B. checks C. has D. learns
19. A. date B. keep C. look D. take
20. A. both B. each C. between D. among
21. A. Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries
22. A. in B. with C. on D. by
23. A. who B. when C. that D. where
24. A. ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance
25. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily
26. A. although B. because C. when D. if
27. A. place B. foot C. top D. ceiling
28. A. big B. small C. equal D. unequal
29. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. discovery
30. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability
【答案】
16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. B
26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过对罗杰·培根和伽利略事迹的描述，讲述了一个成功的科学家应该具有的品质：不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他充分利用他观察到的事实。A. use用、使用；make full use of充分利用；B. time时间；C. speed速度；D. trust信任。根据下文“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, ”(他不接受不是以明显事实为基础的观点，)和“He always 18 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.”(他总是仔细检查想法，并做实验来证明它们。)可知，一个成功的科学家只接受以事实为基础的观点，所以他会充分利用所观察到的事实，做实验来证明这些观点。故选A。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不接受不是以明显事实为基础的观点，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。A. reason原因、理由；B. cause起因；C. advice建议；D. result结果。根据句中“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts,”(他不接受不是以明显事实为基础的观点，)可知，他只把事实作为真理的唯一理由，拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。故选A。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细核查观点，并用实验来证明它们。A. thinks认为、想；B. checks检查、核查；C. has有；D. learns学习。根据句中“makes experiments to prove them.”可知，科学家做实验是为了证明观点的正确性，所以他会仔细核查观点的正确性，并通过实验来加以证明。故选B。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代，他是牛津的杰出哲学家，生活在1214年到1292年之间。A. date确定年代；date back to追溯到；B. keep保持；C. look看；look back to回顾；D. take带、拿；take back to带回到。根据句中的“the time of Roger Bacon”和“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起也许是从罗杰·培根时代开始的，即可以追溯到很早的时期，date back to意义为“追溯到”。故选A。
20. 考查代词和介词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代，他是牛津的杰出哲学家，生活在1214年到1292年之间。A. both代词，两者都；B. each代词，每一个；C. between介词，两者之间；D. among介词，在……当中(三者或以上)。根据句中“the time of Roger Bacon”和并列连词“and”可知，罗杰·培根应该生活在1214-1292之间，between...and...表示“在……与……之间”，符合句意。故选C。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过观察和对我们周围的事物进行实验来学习科学的人。A. Schools学校；B. Ages年代、时代；Middle Ages中世纪；C. Days日子；D. Countries国家。根据前文“who lived between the years 1214 and 1292.”可知，罗杰·培根生活在1214-1292年间，属于中世纪。故选B。
22. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过观察和对我们周围的事物进行实验来学习科学的人。A. in在里面；B. with和……一起、随着；C. on在上面；D. by通过、凭借。根据第一段“ He makes full use of the facts he observes. ”(他充分利用他观察到的事实。)和“He always checks ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.”(他总是仔细核查观点，并做实验来证明它们。)可知，一个成功的科学家是通过观察和实验来证明自己的观点的，所以罗杰·培根应该是提出了我们必须通过观察和对周围的事物进行实验来学习科学。故选D。
23. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，生活在300多年后(1564-1642)的伽利略是最伟大的人物之一，他在意大利、法国、德国或英国开始偶然地证明了许多重要的真理可以通过观察发现。A. who关系代词，先行词指人，作主语或宾语；B. when关系副词，作状语；C. that关系代词，不用于非限制性定语从句中；D. where关系副词，作状语。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Galileo”，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who。故选A。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活在300多年后(1564-1642)的伽利略是最伟大的人物之一，他在意大利、法国、德国或英国开始逐步证明了许多重要的真理可以通过观察发现。A. ways方法、道路；B. degrees程度；by degrees逐渐地；C. levels水平；D. chance机会；by chance偶然地。根据下文“But Galileo, going to the 27 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 28 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.”(但是，伽利略在登上比萨斜塔时，让两块(大小)不相等的石头掉了下来，证明了亚里士多德是错的。)可知，伽利略通过实验，使人们能够观察到两块大小不相等的石头掉下来时的速度，从而证明了真理；结合本句中“to show how many important truths”可知，伽利略通过一些实验，逐步证明了许多重要的真理可以通过观察发现。故选B。
25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. slowly慢地；B. rapidly快速地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. heavily沉重地。根据句中“Aristotle said so”和下文中“and proved Aristotle was wrong.”(证明了亚里士多德是错的)及常识可知，亚里士多德认为大的物体比小的物体下落更快，所以之前的学者也都相信这一错误的观点。故选B。
26. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. although虽然；B. because因为；C. when当……时候；D. if如果。根据第一段“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for truth. ”(他不接受不是以明显事实为基础的观点，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。)和常识可知，伽利略不接受权威作为真理的唯一理由，而在他之前，亚里士多德是世界古代史上伟大的科学家之一，学者们视亚里士多德为权威，把他的话当作真理，故相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，是因为亚里士多德是这么说的。故选B。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，伽利略在登上比萨斜塔时，让两块(大小)不相等的石头掉了下来，证明了亚里士多德是错的。A. place地方；B. foot脚；C. top顶部；D. ceiling天花板。根据句中“let fall two 13 stones”和常识可知，伽利略让两块石头掉落，所以应该是走到了比萨斜塔的顶部。故选C。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，伽利略在登上比萨斜塔时，让两块(大小)不相等的石头掉了下来，证明了亚里士多德是错的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. equal相等的；D. unequal不相等的。根据前文“Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so.”(在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。)和本句中“and proved Aristotle was wrong. ”可知，为了证明亚里士多德的观点是错误的，伽利略用了一大一小两块不相等的石头来做实验，让它们从塔顶自由掉落。故选D。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略这种直接走向大自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技巧；C. theory理论；D. discovery发现。根据第一段“He always checks ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.”(他总是仔细核查观点，并用实验来证明它们。)和句中“going direct to nature, and proving our 30 and theories by experiment, ”可知，直接走向大自然，用实验来证明观点和理论是伽利略对待科学的一种精神和追求。故选A。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略这种直接走向大自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. plans计划；B. opinions观点；C. world世界；D. ability能力。根据第一段“He always checks ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.”(他总是仔细核查观点，并用实验来证明它们。)可知，伽利略坚持用实验来证明自己的观点和理论。故选B。
C
William Thomson
(2024山东济南高一校考练习)William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 31 for more than 50 years.
In Glasgow, Thomson 32 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 33 , particularly electromagnetism(电磁学) and thermodynamics(热力学). 34 Faraday(法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 35 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 36 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 37 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 38 him.
Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 39 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 40 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 41 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 42 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 43 by electric light.
Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 44 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 45 in Westminster Abbey.
31. A. sought B. confirmed C. admired D. held
32. A. took up B. broke up C. set up D. blew up
33. A. fields B. countries C. labs D. colleges
34. A. In spite of B. Except for C. Together with D. Regardless of
35. A. command B. condition C. contract D. concept
36. A. learners B. pioneers C. competitors D. leaders
37. A. important B. obvious C. fortunate D. positive
38. A. for B. with C. after D. on
39. A. wealth B. fame C. contribution D. enthusiasm
40. A. considered B. attracted C. employed D. accused
41. A. hobby B. desire C. success D. interest
42. A. operate B. invent C. control D. produce
43. A. lit B. built C. decorated D. equipped
44. A. title B. name C. honor D. award
45. A. preserved B. respected C. admitted D. buried
【答案】
31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. D 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了威廉·汤姆森的生平，并重点讲述了他在科学和实际应用方面所取得的成就。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥的自然哲学教授，并担任了50多年。A. sought寻找；B. confirmed确认；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。从空格前面的“professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow”及“a post”可知，此处表示他担任这个职位长达50多年。故选D项。
32. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. took up开始从事；B. broke up打碎；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。由空后的“the first physics laboratory”可知，此处表示汤姆森在英国建立了第一个物理实验室。故选C项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多领域的先驱，尤其是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. countries国家；C. labs实验室；D. colleges学院。后面提到的“particularly electromagnetism and thermodynamics”是两个不同的领域。故选A项。
34. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. In spite of尽管；B. Except for除了；C. Together with和……一起；D. Regardless of不管。根据下文“Faraday, he was responsible for the introduction of the concept”可知，此处表示和法拉第一起，他负责引入了电磁场这个概念。故选C项。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. command命令；B. condition条件；C. contract合同；D. concept概念。根据后文的“an electromagnetic field”可知，他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念。故选D。
36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. learners学习者；B. pioneers先驱；C. competitors竞争者；D. leaders领导者。根据上文的“developed the work of”和下文的 “the subject”及其后的两个人名可知，此处指的是汤姆森发展了这两位先驱者在这一学科的成就。故选B项。
37. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念--基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. important重要的；B. obvious明显的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. positive积极的。结合下文的“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature-the scale based on this is named ___38___ him.”可知，此处表示汤姆森所提出的重要的想法。故选A项。
38. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念--基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. for为了；B. with和……一起；C. after在……后面；D. on在……上面。此处是固定词组 name after，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他通过研究当时的一个重大实际问题--海底电报而成名。A. wealth财富；B. fame名誉；C. contribution贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“He was ___40___ as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866, for which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，他由于在大西洋电缆铺设工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此处指他通过自己在海底电报方面的工作而成名。故选B项。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾在1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时担任科学顾问，并于1866年获封爵士。A. considered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. employed聘用；D. accused控告。从空后的“as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables”可知，他被聘作科学顾问来指导铺设电缆。故选C项。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hobby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据语境并结合后面的“in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners' compass”可知，此处是指他对海洋问题的兴趣激励他开发了船用罗盘。故选D项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. operate操作；B. invent发明；C. control控制；D. produce生产。结合前面的 develop和后面的“a tide machine and depth- measuring equipment”可知，他发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备，下文的“He invented many electrical instruments”也是提示。故选B项。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一个被电灯照亮的。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。后面的“by electric light”表示他家是第一家使用电灯照明的家庭。故选A项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤姆逊于1892年被提拔为贵族，被封为拉格斯的开尔文男爵。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. honor荣誉；D. award奖励。结合空前的“was raised to the noblemen”和后面的“Baron Kelvin of Largs in1892”可知，在1892年他晋升成为贵族，拥有开尔文勋爵的称号。故选A项。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1907年12月17日，他死于苏格兰的埃尔郡，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊敬；C. admitted允许；D. buried埋葬。空处与前面的“He died on17 December, 1907”呼应，此处指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。故选D项。
D
(2023·云南玉溪·高一统考期末)Liu Yongtan was born in 1931 in Sichuan Province, China. He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University and earned his bachelor’s 46 in civil engineering in 1955. After 47 , he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, where he 48 valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan 49 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 50 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. At the time, high-speed trains were still a 51 new concept, and many engineers believed that it was 52 to build such a railway in China.
Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team 53 . They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 54 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world.
One of Liu Yongtan’s most 55 contributions was the development of the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines. This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges, 56 costs and improving safety.
57 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 58 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China. His contributions have not only 59 China but have also inspired engineers around the world to push the boundaries of what is possible in railway technology. Today, Liu Yongtan is recognized as a(n) 60 in China’s high-speed rail industry, and his legacy continues to inspire young scientists and engineers to pursue their passions and contribute to the advancement of technology in China and beyond.
46. A. title B. fame C. degree D. grade
47. A. graduation B. application C. reservation D. investigation
48. A. reflected B. gained C. observed D. performed
49. A. named B. joined C. founded D. monitored
50. A. exhibition B. subject C. industry D. project
51. A. slightly B. currently C. relatively D. merely
52. A. impossible B. available C. unbearable D. flexible
53. A. got cold feet B. bit the bullet C. spilled the beans D. beat around the bush
54. A. ordinary B. common C. limited D. novel
55. A. significant B. secure C. reliable D. economical
56. A. boosting B. doubling C. preventing D. reducing
57. A. Apart from B. Thanks to C. Accounting for D. Compared with
58. A. rapidly B. eventually C. absolutely D. gradually
59. A. convinced B. selected C. occupied D. benefited
60. A. ancestor B. director C. pioneer D. engineer
【答案】
46. C 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国高铁行业先驱——刘永坦。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1955年就读于西南交通大学，获土木工程学士学位。A. title标题；B. fame名声；C. degree学位；D. grade年级。根据上文“He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University(1955年就读于西南交通大学)”可知，这里说的是取得学士学位，故选择C项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，他在成昆铁路担任技术员，在铁路工程方面获得了宝贵的经验。A. graduation毕业；B. application申请；C. reservation预定；D. investigation调查。根据下文“he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway(他在成昆铁路当技术员)”可知，这里说的是他在毕业后做了铁路技术员，故选择A项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，他在成昆铁路担任技术员，在那里他获得了宝贵的铁路工程经验。A. reflected反射；B. gained获得；C. observed观察；D. performed表演。根据下文的“valuable experience(宝贵的经验)”可知，这里说的是他在工作中获得了宝贵的经验，故选择B项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路--京沪铁路的研制团队。A. named命名；B. joined参加，加入；C. founded建立；D. monitored监控。根据下文“the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 50 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway(中国第一条高速铁路--京沪铁路的研制团队)”可知，这里说的是他加入这个团队，故选择B项。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路--京沪铁路的研制团队。A. exhibition展览；B. subject主题；C. industry工业；D. project项目。根据上文“China’s first high-speed rail(中国第一条高铁)”可知，这是一个要攻克的科研项目，故选择D项。
51. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念，许多工程师认为在中国不可能建造这样的铁路。A. slightly轻微地；B. currently目前；C. relatively相对地；D. merely只不过。根据时间状语“at the time(在当时)”可知，在那个时候高铁还是一个相对比较新的概念，故选择C项。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念，许多工程师认为在中国不可能建造这样的铁路。A. impossible不可能的；B. available可购买到的；C. unbearable无法忍受的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“At the time, high-speed trains were sill a 51 new concept(当时，高速列车还是一个相对较新的概念)”可知，这里说的是很多人认为不可能，故选择A项。
53. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，刘永坦和他的团队还是咬紧牙关，迎难而上。A. got cold feet退缩了；B. bit the bullet咬紧牙关，迎难而上；C. spilled the beans泄露秘密；D. beat around the bush旁敲侧击。根据下文“They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 54 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world. (他们对安全性、稳定性和速度进行了广泛的研究，开发了新技术，使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一)”可知，他们咬紧牙关坚持了下来，故选择B项。
54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对安全性、稳定性和速度进行了广泛的研究，开发了新技术，使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一。A. ordinary平凡的；B. common常见的；C. limited有限的；D. novel新颖的，与众不同的。根据下文“that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world(使中国的高铁系统成为世界上最先进的系统之一)”可知，这里说的是开发了新的技术，故选择D项。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刘永坦最重要的贡献之一是开发了用于高铁线路建设的“钢筋混凝土连续梁桥”技术。A. significant重要的；B. secure安全的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. economical经济的。根据下文“This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges, ___56___ costs and improving safety.(这项技术使桥梁建设更高效、更快，降低了成本，提高了安全性)”可知，这里说的是他的重要的贡献之一，故选择A项。
56. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项技术使桥梁建设更高效、更快，降低了成本，提高了安全性。A. boosting促进；B. doubling双倍；C. preventing组织；D. reducing减少。根据上文“This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges(这项技术使桥梁的建造更高效、更快)”可知，这里说的都是这项贡献的重要意义，所以应该是减少成本，故选择D项。
57. 考查介词短语；词义辨析。句意：由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输。A. Apart from此外；B. Thanks to由于；C. Accounting for解释；D. Compared with相比。结合下文“China’s high-speed rail network has grown rapidly over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.(中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输)”可知，这里说的是由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，故选择B项。
58. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输。A. rapidly快速地；B. eventually最终；C. absolutely绝对地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.(连接全国各大城市，彻底改变中国的交通)”可知，这里说的是高铁网络迅速发展，故选择A项。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的贡献不仅使中国受益，也激励了世界各地的工程师突破铁路技术的极限。A. convinced说服；B. selected选择；C. occupied占据；D. benefited使受益。根据上文“ 57 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 58 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China.(由于刘永坦的领导和奉献精神，中国的高铁网络多年来迅速发展，连接了全国主要城市，并彻底改变了中国的交通运输)”可知，这里说的是使中国受益，故选择D项。
60. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，刘永坦被公认为中国高铁行业的先驱，他的遗产继续激励着年轻的科学家和工程师追求他们的激情，为中国乃至世界的技术进步做出贡献。A. ancestor祖先；B. director导演；C. pioneer先驱；D. engineer工程师。根据第二段中“In 1984, Liu Yongtan 49 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 50 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.(1984年，刘永坦加入了中国第一条高速铁路--京沪铁路的研制团队)”可知，他是中国高铁行业的先驱，故选择C项。
E
(2023·辽宁·高一校联考阶段练习)As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 61 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 62 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 63 experiments. “The first 64 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained, “After several generations of 65 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 66 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more founds of tests, a(n) 67 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 68 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 69 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 70 , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team 71 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 72 experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 73 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 74 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 75 on the land,” she said.
61. A. advertising B. cultivating C. discussing D. observing
62. A. journalist B. researcher C. teacher D. manager
63. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive
64. A. step B. attempt C. method D. question
65. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. trial
66. A. nearby B. continue C. begin D. repeat
67. A. practice B. application C. appliance D. invitation
68. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety
69. A. produce B. enhance C. show D. develop
70. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
71. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted
72. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying
73. A. tough B. normal C. varied D. specific
74. A. end up B. let down C. break up D. pay off
75. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage
【答案】
61. B 62. B 63. A 64. A 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A
71. D 72. C 73. A 74. D 75. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
62. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. journalist记者；B. researcher研究者；C. teacher教师；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years 61 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. method方法；D. question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
65. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. trial试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
66. 考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nearby在附近；B. continue继续；C. begin开始；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。
67. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. application申请；C. appliance家用电器；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 61 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. show表明，表现；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
70. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合“it also should be accepted by the market”可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
71. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
73. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tough棘手的，艰难的；B. normal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
74. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. let down使失望；C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is 73 and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. answers答案；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
F
(2024上·浙江宁波·高一镇海中学校考期末)At just 14 years old, He man Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, 76 among nine other finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). In 77 of his exceptional achievement, this ninth-grade talent is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25, 000.
Bekele’s revolutionary concept 78 through a two-minute video, centers on the development of a soap that is not only 79 , priced at less than $10 per bar, but also has the potential to reactivate dendritic cells--the body’s natural 80 of the skin--to cope with skin cancer.
Reflecting on his presentation and inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood in Ethiopia played a significant 81 in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work 82 under the scorching sun, he couldn’t help but 83 how many were aware of the risks associated with long-term sun 84 .
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience,” Bekele expressed during an interview with The Washington Post. To 85 him realize his ambitious plans, he received invaluable advice from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist at 3M, who 86 him with other scientists. Ultimately, the path forward for Bekele’s creation includes obtaining FDA approval.
During his presentation at the 3M global headquarters in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Bekele 87 expressed his vision of turning the soap into a “symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within 88 for all.”
Over the coming five years, Bekele is determined to perfect his invention and 89 a nonprofit organization dedicated to delivering his innovative creation to poor communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the 90 against skin cancer.
76. A. telling apart B. standing out C. working out D. setting apart
77. A. summary B. memory C. recognition D. contact
78. A. improved B. presented C. impressed D. supplied
79. A. affordable B. effective C. efficient D. expensive
80. A. rescuers B. defenders C. masters D. designers
81. A. role B. power C. pack D. source
82. A. effortlessly B. hardly C. carefully D. tirelessly
83. A. know B. confirm C. wonder D. realize
84. A. damage B. addiction C. effect D. exposure
85. A. help B. fund C. track D. supply
86. A. referred B. interacted C. recommended D. connected
87. A. passionately B. temporarily C. suddenly D. regularly
88. A. rent B. reach C. affair D. application
89. A. set off B. set out C. set up D. set for
90. A. race B. quarrel C. fight D. competition
【答案】
76. B 77. C 78. B 79. A 80. B 81. A 82. D 83. C 84. D 85. A
86. D 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了14岁的贺曼·贝克勒在2023年3M青少年科学家挑战赛中凭借其创新性发明--皮肤癌治疗肥皂(SCTS)，脱颖而出成为冠军。这款肥皂不仅价格亲民，每块不到10美元，而且具有激活树突状细胞的潜力，以应对皮肤癌。
76. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：年仅14岁的贺曼·贝克勒成为2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛的冠军，凭借他的创新发明--皮肤癌治疗皂(SCTS)，从其他九名决赛选手中脱颖而出。A. telling apart辨别；B. standing out脱颖而出；C. working out解决；D. setting apart分开。根据上文“the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge”和下文“among nine other finalists”可知，贝克勒获得了冠军，从9位决赛选手中脱颖而出。故选B项。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了表彰他的杰出成就，这位九年级的天才将获得25000美元的现金奖励。A. summary总结；B. memory记忆；C. recognition表彰；D. contact联系。根据下文“this ninth-grade talent is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25, 000.”可知，奖金是对他成就的表彰。故选C项。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bekele通过一段两分钟的视频展示了这一革命性的概念，重点是开发一种肥皂，不仅价格实惠，每条价格低于10美元，而且有可能重新激活树突状细胞--人体皮肤的天然捍卫者--来应对皮肤癌。A. improved改善；B. presented展示；C. impressed给人留下深刻印象；D. supplied提供。根据下文“a two-minute video, centers on the development of a soap”可知，他用视频展示了自己的概念。故选B项。
79. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bekele通过一段两分钟的视频展示了这一革命性的概念，重点是开发一种肥皂，不仅价格实惠，每条价格低于10美元，而且有可能重新激活树突状细胞--人体皮肤的天然捍卫者--来应对皮肤癌。A. affordable负担得起的，便宜的；B. effective有效的；C. efficient高效的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“priced at less than $10 per bar”可知，肥皂很便宜，价格实惠。故选A项。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bekele通过一段两分钟的视频展示了这一革命性的概念，重点是开发一种肥皂，不仅价格实惠，每条价格低于10美元，而且有可能重新激活树突状细胞--人体皮肤的天然保护者--来应对皮肤癌。A. rescuers救援人员；B. defenders保护者；C. masters主人；D. designers设计师。根据下文“to cope with skin cancer”可推知，树突状细胞可以应对皮肤癌，是皮肤的天然保护者。故选B项。
81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回顾他的演讲和灵感，贝克勒分享了他在埃塞俄比亚的童年在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。A. role角色，作用；B. power力量；C. pack群；D. source源头。根据gh 文“Having witnessed people work 82 under the scorching sun, he couldn’t help but 83 how many were aware of the risks associated with long-term sun 84 .”可知，贝克勒在埃塞俄比亚的童年生活给了他创新的动机，在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。故选A项。
82. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：目睹人们在烈日下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到长期暴露在阳光下的风险。A. effortlessly毫不费力地；B. hardly几乎不；C. carefully小心地；D. tirelessly不知疲倦地。根据下文“the risks associated with long-term sun 84 ”可知，人们在阳光下的工作时间很长，不知疲倦。故选D项。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：目睹人们在烈日下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到长期暴露在阳光下的风险。A. know知道；B. confirm确认；C. wonder想知道；D. realize实现。根据下文“how many were aware of the risks...”可知，这是贝克勒想知道的事情。故选C项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：目睹人们在烈日下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到长期暴露在阳光下的风险。A. damage损害；B. addiction上瘾；C. effect影响；D. exposure暴露。根据上文“Having witnessed people work 82 under the scorching sun”可知，人们暴露在阳光。故选D项。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助他实现雄心勃勃的计划，他从3M公司的产品工程专家黛博拉·伊莎贝尔那里得到了宝贵的建议，她把他和其他科学家联系起来。A. help帮助；B. fund资金；C. track追踪；D. supply供应。根据下文“he received invaluable advice from Deborah Isabelle”可知，他得到3M公司的产品工程专家黛博拉·伊莎贝尔的帮助。故选A项。
86. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助他实现雄心勃勃的计划，他从3M公司的产品工程专家黛博拉·伊莎贝尔那里得到了宝贵的建议，她把他和其他科学家联系起来。A. referred提到；B. interacted互动；C. recommended推荐；D. connected把……联系起来。根据下文“with other scientists”可推知，产品工程专家黛博拉·伊莎贝尔让他与其它科学家取得了联系。故选D项。
87. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：贝克勒在明尼苏达州圣保罗的3M全球总部发表演讲时，满怀激情地表达了他的愿景，即把这种肥皂变成“希望、可及性的象征，以及一个人人都能得到皮肤癌治疗的世界”。A. passionately热情地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. suddenly突然地；D. regularly定期地。根据下文“expressed his vision”可推知，为了让自己的概念得到支持，贝克勒会满怀激情地描绘自己的愿景。故选A项。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝克勒在明尼苏达州圣保罗的3M全球总部发表演讲时，满怀激情地表达了他的愿景，即把这种肥皂变成“希望、可及性的象征，以及一个人人都能得到皮肤癌治疗的世界”。A. rent租金；B. reach能及的范围；C. affair事务；D. application申请。根据上文“centers on the development of a soap that is not only 79 , priced at less than $10 per bar”可知，贝克勒肥皂价格实惠，由此推知，他想让人人都能得到皮肤癌治疗；within reach for all“人人触手可及”。故选B项。
89. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在接下来的五年里，贝克勒决心完善他的发明，并成立了一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新发明提供给贫困社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和实用的解决方案。A. set off 出发；B. set out着手；C. set up建立；D. set for设定。根据下文“a nonprofit organization”可推知，贝克勒想成立了一个非营利组织。故选C项。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五年里，贝克勒决心完善他的发明，并成立了一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新发明提供给贫困社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和实用的解决方案。A. race种族；B. quarrel争吵；C. fight为……而斗争斗；D. competition竞争。根据下文“against skin cancer”可知，指抗击皮肤癌；fight against“与……作斗争”。故选C项。
G
(2023·湖北黄冈·高一湖北省罗田县第一中学校考阶段练习)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn’t considered lots of career 91 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people 92 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 93 .
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 94 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 95 . Dr. Espinoza was a caring and 96 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me 97 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 98 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research.
Due to Dr. Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 99 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 100 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 101 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 102 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 103 , I loved every minute of it.
Falling in love with science was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 104 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who showed me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 105 new knowledge.
91. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements
92. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
93. A. university B. office C. room D. lab
94. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork
95. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar
96. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe
97. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall
98. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer
99. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for
100. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
101. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged
102. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy
103. A. came about B. broke up C. set off D. turned out
104. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow
105. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget
【答案】
91. C 92. D 93. A 94. B 95. A 96. C 97. A 98. D 99. C 100. A
101. A 102. C 103. D 104. D 105. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是怎样爱上生物学，通过老师和教授们的帮助，成为一位科学家的。
91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业时，我没考虑过众多的职业选择。A. development发展；B. difficulty困难；C. choices选择；D. requirements必要条件。通过下文“that I had other choices”可推知，此处指作者从高中毕业的时候，没有考虑过很多职业选择。故选C项。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像大多数在数学和科学课上取得好成绩的学生一样，我发现人们鼓励我成为一名工程师。A. appointing任命；B. forcing强迫；C. allowing允许；D. encouraging鼓励。通过上文“Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes”以及下文“me to be an engineer”可推知，作者理科成绩好，所以有人鼓励作者成为一名工程师。故选D项。
93. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我上大学时，一切都改变了。A. university大学；B. office办公室；C. room房间；D. lab实验室。根据下文“While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions”可推知，此处指作者上大学的时候，一切都变了。故选A项。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记第一次参加生物学讲座的感觉。A. league联赛；B. lecture演讲；C. test测试；D. teamwork团队合作。通过下文“Her exciting classes made me”可推知，此处指作者永远不会忘记他第一次参加生物学讲座的感觉。故选B项。
95. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我得到的结果正好相反。A. opposite相反的；B. traditional传统的；C. typical典型的；D. similar相似的。通过上文“the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict”以及下文“caring and __96__ teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可推知，此处指作者发现教授与自己想象的不一样，即完全相反。故选A项。
96. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Espinoza博士是一位充满爱心和热情的老师，她的两个学期的课程让我爱上了生物学。A. average平均的；B. casual随便的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. severe严重的。根据上文“What I got was exactly opposite.”以及下文“caring”和“two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士是一位充满爱心和热情的老师。故选C项。
97. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。A. realize意识到；B. regret懊悔；C. refuse拒绝；D. recall回想起。通过下文“that I had other choices”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士的课程让作者意识到，他还有其他选择。故选A项。
98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。A. lawyer律师；B. educator教育家；C. scholar学者；D. engineer工程师。通过上文“I found people encouraging me to be an engineer”可推知，此处指作者意识到了除了做工程师之外，他还有其他选择。故选D项。
99. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于Espinoza博士和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是我们在国家地理频道上了解到的那样。A. take care of照顾；B. make fun of取笑；C. learn about了解；D. search for寻找。通过上文“What I got was exactly opposite.”以及下文“They are real people”可推知，此处指作者发现科学家们与作者之前在电视频道上了解到的不一样。故选C项。
100. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们是真实的人，回答真实的问题，解决真实的问题。A. solve解决；B. bring带来；C. raise提高；D. ignore忽视。通过下文“real problems”可推知，此处指Espinoza博士和其他许多像她一样的教授解决真实的问题。故选A项。
101. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我寻找机会做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜爱它。A. enjoyed喜爱；B. doubted怀疑；C. recommended意见；D. acknowledged承认。通过下文“it led me to a job I love”可推知，此处指作者准备尝试做科学项目，看看他是否喜爱科学。故选A项。
102. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学期间，我学会了如何提出好的问题，如何进行实验和收集数据，以及如何与人分享我学到的东西。A. replace替代；B. predict预测；C. conduct实施；D. copy复制。通过上文“do real science projects”和下文“experiments”可推知，此处指作者学会了如何做实验。固定搭配“conduct experiments”意为“做实验”。故选C项。
103. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我喜欢科学研究的每一分钟。A. came about产生；B. broke up结束；C. set off出发；D. turned out结果是。通过上文“As it”以及下文“I loved every minute of it”可推知，此处指作者通过实践证明得出了结果，即自己十分喜欢科学研究。故选D项。
104. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像科学本身一样，我成为一名科学家的过程是缓慢的，但有许多老师和教授帮助我指明了道路。A. precious珍贵的；B. smooth光滑的；C. beneficial有益的；D. slow缓慢的。通过上文“Falling in love with science was a long process for me”可推知，作者是在大学才对科学感兴趣，爱上科学对作者来说是一个漫长的过程，所以作者成为一名科学家的旅程是缓慢的。故选D项。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，我尽我最大的努力学习新事物，创造新知识。A. record记录；B. admire钦佩；C. create创造；D. forget忘记。通过上文“try my best to learn new things and”以及下文“new knowledge”可推知，此处指励志成为科学家的作者在努力学习新东西并创造新知识。故选C项。
H
(2023上·陕西西安·高一校考阶段练习)The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 106 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 107 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 108 explosive(爆炸物). After years of 109 , in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 110 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 111 published Alfred’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 112 to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly 113 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 114 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 115 . He spent his lifetime alone 116 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to 117 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 118 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 119 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 120 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
106. A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating
107. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit
108. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild
109. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association
110. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up
111. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically
112. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed
113. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured
114. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient
115. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence
116. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating
117. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure
118. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune
119. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions
120. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out
【答案】
106. B 107. A 108. C 109. B 110. D 111. A 112. D 113. B 114. C 115. B
116. B 117. A 118. C 119. D 120. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
106. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last __118__, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great __119__ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
107. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
108. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
109. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a __108__ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
110. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
111. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
112. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly __113__ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became __114__ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
113. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
114. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He __110__ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
115. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone __116__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
116. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
117. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone __116__ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
118. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great __119__ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
119. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible __106__ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
120. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great __119__ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
II. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
(2023上·河北·高一校联考阶段练习)
C. V. Raman, a great Indian physicist, was born in 1888. His father was a lecturer in math and physics, so C. V. Raman was exposed to 1 (science) things from an early age. He 2 (attend) Presidency College in 1902, getting his BA in 1904 and MA in 1907. Though he was a brilliant student, there weren’t many 3 (opportunity) for scientists in India at that time. 4 , after finishing his studies, he went to work for the Indian Finance Department and carried out his experimental research on acoustics(声学).
He 5 (offer) a professorship in physics at the University of Calcutta in 1917 and stayed for the next 15 years, 6 (achieve) fame for his research there. In 1930, he won the Nobel Prize for his work in 7 field of light scattering. Raman found 8 light passes through a transparent substance(透明物质), most of the light remains unchanged but a small part of it has different wavelengths. This later is 9 (know) as the Raman effect and is very useful 10 (analyse) gases, liquids and solids, including biological tissue.
【答案】
1. scientific 2. attended 3. opportunities 4. Therefore 5. was offered
6. achieving 7. the 8. when 9. known 10. to analyse
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伟大的印度物理学家C.V.拉曼的生平。
1. 考查形容词。句意：他的父亲是一名数学和物理讲师，因此C.V.拉曼从小就接触到科学知识。空处修饰名词things，应用形容词scientific“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：1902年，他进入院长学院学习，1904年获得文学学士学位，1907年获得文学硕士学位。根据时间状语in 1902可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填attended。
3. 考查名词复数。句意：尽管他是一名才华横溢的学生，但当时印度的科学家并没有太多机会。opportunity是可数名词，前边由many修饰，所以名词应用其复数形式opportunities。故填opportunities。
4. 考查副词。句意：因此，在完成学业后，他前往印度财政部工作，进行声学方面的实验研究。根据语境可知，上下文之间是因果关系，空处应用副词therefore，表示“因此”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Therefore。
5. 考查时态和语态。句意：1917年，他被加尔各答大学聘为物理学教授，接下来的15年里一直待在那里，因在那里的研究获得名声。根据时间状语in 1917可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且根据语境，此处表示“他被提供教授职位”，应用被动语态，主语是He，be动词应用was。故填was offered。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1917年，他被加尔各答大学聘为物理学教授，接下来的15年里一直待在那里，因在那里的研究获得名声。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语动词，achieve与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填achieving。
7. 考查冠词。句意：1930年，他因在光散射领域的工作而获得诺贝尔奖。结合语意以及常识可知，此处特指光散射领域，所以空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
8. 考查时间状语从句。句意：拉曼发现，当光穿过透明物质时，大部分光保持不变，但其中一小部分有不同的波长。结合语意可知，此处表达“当光穿过透明物质时”，空处应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
9. 考查固定短语。句意：这后来被称为拉曼效应，对分析气体、液体和固体(包括生物组织)非常有用。根据句意可知，此处使用固定短语be known as“作为……而出名”。故填known。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这后来被称为拉曼效应，对分析气体、液体和固体(包括生物组织)非常有用。根据句意可知，此处使用固定搭配be useful to do sth.，表示“对做某事有用处”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to analyse。
B
(2023上·南京雨花台·高一校考阶段练习)Born in Italy, Galileo Galilei, was an astronomer, philosopher, and physicist. He was closely associated with the 11 (science) revolution. For his great 12 (achievement), he has been referred to as the “father of modern astronomy”.
The work of Galileo 13 (consider) to be a significant break from that of ArUnit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册)
单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空6篇)
I. 完形填空
A
(2024上·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一乌鲁木齐市第十一中学校考期末)The email got my heart racing. “Thank you for letting me 1 your classes. It was an unusual experience,” it began.
As an industry scientist, I taught at a university in my spare time. By that point in the semester, I hadn’t asked the students to solve any 2 problems or even turn on their computers. Instead, I’d 3 practical exercises that taught them teamwork and communication, skills they’d need in industry. My 4 caught the attention of the university, so a teaching expert appeared in my class.
The 5 made me wonder whether university officials would praise the 6 view I brought from industry—or remove me from the classroom.
I 7 they might have been taken aback (吓一跳). But after that unsettling 8 , their email was positive: “I understand the important message you’re 9 ,” they wrote. “Today’s industry is about people, not just computers. I 10 support you. Keep up the good work.”
I’ve now been teaching this course for 4 years, enough 11 for me to see some of my students 12 and take jobs in industry. Recently, some students told me how the 13 they gained in my class helped them land their jobs. Hearing that my 14 had a positive impact on their career paths was truly 15 .
1. A. improve B. observe C. document D. organize
2. A. mental B. personal C. technical D. environmental
3. A. focused on B. cut off C. applied for D. set aside
4. A. discovery B. experience C. growth D. approach
5. A. mail B. poster C. announcement D. invitation
6. A. familiar B. traditional C. similar D. unique
7. A. admitted B. recalled C. worried D. realized
8. A. news B. opening C. conversation D. phenomenon
9. A. receiving B. collecting C. delivering D. revising
10. A. temporarily B. definitely C. mainly D. secretly
11. A. time B. energy C. confidence D. ability
12. A. recover B. return C. withdraw D. graduate
13. A. praise B. skills C. fame D. relationships
14. A. warning B. support C. teaching D. example
15. A. rewarding B. easy C. convincing D. beneficial
B
(2023 江苏南通高一月考)A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 16 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 17 for truth. He always 18 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 19 back to the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived 20 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 21 to suggest that we must learn science 22 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself made many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642 ), was one of the greatest men, 23 in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 24 to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 25 towards the earth than small ones, 26 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 27 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 28 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 29 of going direct to nature, and proving our 30 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
16. A. use B. time C. speed D. trust
17. A. reason B. cause C. advice D. result
18. A. thinks B. checks C. has D. learns
19. A. date B. keep C. look D. take
20. A. both B. each C. between D. among
21. A. Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries
22. A. in B. with C. on D. by
23. A. who B. when C. that D. where
24. A. ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance
25. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily
26. A. although B. because C. when D. if
27. A. place B. foot C. top D. ceiling
28. A. big B. small C. equal D. unequal
29. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. discovery
30. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability
C
William Thomson
(2024山东济南高一校考练习)William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 31 for more than 50 years.
In Glasgow, Thomson 32 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 33 , particularly electromagnetism(电磁学) and thermodynamics(热力学). 34 Faraday(法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 35 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 36 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 37 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 38 him.
Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 39 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 40 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 41 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 42 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 43 by electric light.
Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 44 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 45 in Westminster Abbey.
31. A. sought B. confirmed C. admired D. held
32. A. took up B. broke up C. set up D. blew up
33. A. fields B. countries C. labs D. colleges
34. A. In spite of B. Except for C. Together with D. Regardless of
35. A. command B. condition C. contract D. concept
36. A. learners B. pioneers C. competitors D. leaders
37. A. important B. obvious C. fortunate D. positive
38. A. for B. with C. after D. on
39. A. wealth B. fame C. contribution D. enthusiasm
40. A. considered B. attracted C. employed D. accused
41. A. hobby B. desire C. success D. interest
42. A. operate B. invent C. control D. produce
43. A. lit B. built C. decorated D. equipped
44. A. title B. name C. honor D. award
45. A. preserved B. respected C. admitted D. buried
D
(2023·云南玉溪·高一统考期末)Liu Yongtan was born in 1931 in Sichuan Province, China. He studied at Southwest Jiaotong University and earned his bachelor’s 46 in civil engineering in 1955. After 47 , he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, where he 48 valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan 49 the team working on China’s first high-speed rail 50 , the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. At the time, high-speed trains were still a 51 new concept, and many engineers believed that it was 52 to build such a railway in China.
Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team 53 . They conducted extensive research on safety, stability, and speed, developing 54 technologies that helped make China’s high-speed rail system one of the most advanced in the world.
One of Liu Yongtan’s most 55 contributions was the development of the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines. This technology allowed for more efficient and faster construction of bridges, 56 costs and improving safety.
57 Liu Yongtan’s leadership and dedication, China’s high-speed rail network has grown 58 over the years, connecting major cities across the country and revolutionizing transportation in China. His contributions have not only 59 China but have also inspired engineers around the world to push the boundaries of what is possible in railway technology. Today, Liu Yongtan is recognized as a(n) 60 in China’s high-speed rail industry, and his legacy continues to inspire young scientists and engineers to pursue their passions and contribute to the advancement of technology in China and beyond.
46. A. title B. fame C. degree D. grade
47. A. graduation B. application C. reservation D. investigation
48. A. reflected B. gained C. observed D. performed
49. A. named B. joined C. founded D. monitored
50. A. exhibition B. subject C. industry D. project
51. A. slightly B. currently C. relatively D. merely
52. A. impossible B. available C. unbearable D. flexible
53. A. got cold feet B. bit the bullet C. spilled the beans D. beat around the bush
54. A. ordinary B. common C. limited D. novel
55. A. significant B. secure C. reliable D. economical
56. A. boosting B. doubling C. preventing D. reducing
57. A. Apart from B. Thanks to C. Accounting for D. Compared with
58. A. rapidly B. eventually C. absolutely D. gradually
59. A. convinced B. selected C. occupied D. benefited
60. A. ancestor B. director C. pioneer D. engineer
E
(2023·辽宁·高一校联考阶段练习)As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 61 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 62 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 63 experiments. “The first 64 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained, “After several generations of 65 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 66 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more founds of tests, a(n) 67 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 68 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 69 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 70 , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team 71 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 72 experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 73 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 74 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 75 on the land,” she said.
61. A. advertising B. cultivating C. discussing D. observing
62. A. journalist B. researcher C. teacher D. manager
63. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive
64. A. step B. attempt C. method D. question
65. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. trial
66. A. nearby B. continue C. begin D. repeat
67. A. practice B. application C. appliance D. invitation
68. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety
69. A. produce B. enhance C. show D. develop
70. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
71. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted
72. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying
73. A. tough B. normal C. varied D. specific
74. A. end up B. let down C. break up D. pay off
75. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage
F
(2024上·浙江宁波·高一镇海中学校考期末)At just 14 years old, He man Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, 76 among nine other finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). In 77 of his exceptional achievement, this ninth-grade talent is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25, 000.
Bekele’s revolutionary concept 78 through a two-minute video, centers on the development of a soap that is not only 79 , priced at less than $10 per bar, but also has the potential to reactivate dendritic cells--the body’s natural 80 of the skin--to cope with skin cancer.
Reflecting on his presentation and inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood in Ethiopia played a significant 81 in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work 82 under the scorching sun, he couldn’t help but 83 how many were aware of the risks associated with long-term sun 84 .
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience,” Bekele expressed during an interview with The Washington Post. To 85 him realize his ambitious plans, he received invaluable advice from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist at 3M, who 86 him with other scientists. Ultimately, the path forward for Bekele’s creation includes obtaining FDA approval.
During his presentation at the 3M global headquarters in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Bekele 87 expressed his vision of turning the soap into a “symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within 88 for all.”
Over the coming five years, Bekele is determined to perfect his invention and 89 a nonprofit organization dedicated to delivering his innovative creation to poor communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the 90 against skin cancer.
76. A. telling apart B. standing out C. working out D. setting apart
77. A. summary B. memory C. recognition D. contact
78. A. improved B. presented C. impressed D. supplied
79. A. affordable B. effective C. efficient D. expensive
80. A. rescuers B. defenders C. masters D. designers
81. A. role B. power C. pack D. source
82. A. effortlessly B. hardly C. carefully D. tirelessly
83. A. know B. confirm C. wonder D. realize
84. A. damage B. addiction C. effect D. exposure
85. A. help B. fund C. track D. supply
86. A. referred B. interacted C. recommended D. connected
87. A. passionately B. temporarily C. suddenly D. regularly
88. A. rent B. reach C. affair D. application
89. A. set off B. set out C. set up D. set for
90. A. race B. quarrel C. fight D. competition
G
(2023·湖北黄冈·高一湖北省罗田县第一中学校考阶段练习)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn’t considered lots of career 91 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people 92 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 93 .
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 94 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of professor you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 95 . Dr. Espinoza was a caring and 96 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me 97 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 98 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research.
Due to Dr. Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 99 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 100 real problems. This led me to seek out opportunities to do real science projects and see if I 101 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 102 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 103 , I loved every minute of it.
Falling in love with science was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 104 , but helped along by many teachers and professors who showed me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 105 new knowledge.
91. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements
92. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
93. A. university B. office C. room D. lab
94. A. league B. lecture C. test D. teamwork
95. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar
96. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe
97. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall
98. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer
99. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for
100. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
101. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. acknowledged
102. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy
103. A. came about B. broke up C. set off D. turned out
104. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow
105. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget
H
(2023上·陕西西安·高一校考阶段练习)The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 106 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 107 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 108 explosive(爆炸物). After years of 109 , in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 110 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 111 published Alfred’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 112 to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly 113 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 114 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 115 . He spent his lifetime alone 116 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to 117 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 118 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 119 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 120 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
106. A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating
107. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit
108. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild
109. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association
110. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up
111. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically
112. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed
113. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured
114. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient
115. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence
116. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating
117. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure
118. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune
119. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions
120. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out
II. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
(2023上·河北·高一校联考阶段练习)
C. V. Raman, a great Indian physicist, was born in 1888. His father was a lecturer in math and physics, so C. V. Raman was exposed to 1 (science) things from an early age. He 2 (attend) Presidency College in 1902, getting his BA in 1904 and MA in 1907. Though he was a brilliant student, there weren’t many 3 (opportunity) for scientists in India at that time. 4 , after finishing his studies, he went to work for the Indian Finance Department and carried out his experimental research on acoustics(声学).
He 5 (offer) a professorship in physics at the University of Calcutta in 1917 and stayed for the next 15 years, 6 (achieve) fame for his research there. In 1930, he won the Nobel Prize for his work in 7 field of light scattering. Raman found 8 light passes through a transparent substance(透明物质), most of the light remains unchanged but a small part of it has different wavelengths. This later is 9 (know) as the Raman effect and is very useful 10 (analyse) gases, liquids and solids, including biological tissue.
B
(2023上·南京雨花台·高一校考阶段练习)Born in Italy, Galileo Galilei, was an astronomer, philosopher, and physicist. He was closely associated with the 11 (science) revolution. For his great 12 (achievement), he has been referred to as the “father of modern astronomy”.
The work of Galileo 13 (consider) to be a significant break from that of Aristotle. In addition, his conflict with the Roman Catholic Church is taken as a major early example of the conflict of authority and freedom of thought, 14 (particular) with science in Western society. He was a man 15 experimented—never did he take anything for granted. Instead, he despised(蔑视) the prejudice and book learning of the Aristotelians(亚里士多德学派) and drew his 16 (conclude) fearlessly. He had been the first 17 (turn) a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow(推翻) Aristotle and Ptolemy together. Although Galileo found 18 difficult for him to make people 19 (convince) of his theories, he still stuck 20 his views. His observations showed the theory that the earth moves around the sun was right. It was only many years later that the world recognised his greatness.
C
(2023上·安徽芜湖·高一校考阶段练习)Regarded 21 “the goddess scientists”, Yan Ning is an admirable biology researcher at Princeton University. She is a rising star in the science world and her resume is 22 (impress). After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton, she 23 (invite) to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2007. At age 30, she became one of China’s 24 (young) female professors.
It was a long road to get 25 she is now. Yan works at least 14 hours a day, but she’s energetic, because research is the most “comfortable” job for her. This 26 (devote) to her work probably helped Yan in her research to identify the structures of proteins in cells’ plasma membranes, which puzzled scientists for half a century.
Apart from 27 (perform) scientific research, Yan enjoys TV dramas and classic novels. 28 (surprise), the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. As she realizes her own dreams, Yan tries to encourage more women 29 (join) in science. In her eyes, there is no difference between men 30 women in the scientific fields. “Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to,” she said in a public interview.
D
(2023上·河南郑州·高一郑州四中校考阶段练习)Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. He 31 (bear) in Hangzhou, was admitted to the aeronautics department of the MIT in 1934. After graduating with his PhD, he was employed as 32 assistant researcher at Caltech. Qian’s missile designs laid the foundation for the successful building of missiles in the US in the 1940s and 1950s, 33 (make) him a world-renowned rocketeer.
When he learnt of the 34 (thrill) news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian resolutely gave up his privileged conditions in the US and decided to return to his longed-for homeland to contribute as much as he could 35 his own nation.
Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was actively involved in research work. Under his 36 (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first rocket in 1960, 37 in 1964, it was a great success to run the flight test of China’s first self-designed medium-range rocket. In 1965, Qian’s proposal 38 (develop) an artificial satellite was included in the country’s key projects, after 39 the first artificial satellite was finally launched into space in 1970.
In 1999, Qian Xuesen 40 (award) the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Meritorious Medal by the government of PRC, and was hailed as the “Father of China’s Missiles” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry.
E
(2023上·江苏·高一江苏省南菁高级中学校考阶段练习)Wu Jianxiong earned many nicknames throughout her years as a physicist, including “the First Lady of Physics” and “Chinese Marie Curie.” Born on May 31,1912,Wu Jianxiong and her father were very close 41 her father was the one encouraged her to pursue (追求) her education as far as she could, even though few women 42 (encourage) to pursue higher education in China at the time. Wu’s father opened a school 43 she attended until she went to a boarding school in Suzhou.
Wu was awarded many times for her professional 44 (achieve) she was a pioneer in a male-dominated(男性主导的) field 45 she turned her challenges in the sciences 46 opportunities at every turn. Regarded as a true heroine and as the “ 47 (great) female Chinese scientist in the twentieth century”, Wu has encouraged future generations of physicists with her work. After retirement, Wu focused on encouraging young girls to pursue careers through educational programs and 48 (speak) about her struggle to acquire recognition for her work, hoping 49 (influence) women across the U.S. and China. She passed away on February 16, 1997. She was buried in the courtyard of Mingde School in China, 50 school her father started and she attended as a young girl.
F
(2023下·山东潍坊·高一山东省高密市第一中学校考开学考试)Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians(数学家) in ancient China. He was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From a young age, Zu 51 (teach) natural science, astronomy(天文学), math and so on. The little boy was 52 (interest) in all of these subjects, 53 (especial) in math.
Zu was best known for his calculation(计算) of pi(π). According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks.
54 took him lots of time to work out the value-- 55 531415926 and 31415927. No one at that time was able to do better than Zu. And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world. In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest 56 (call) pi “Zu Lv”.
Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy. He worked out that a year should be 36524281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. 57 , government officials at that time did not agree with Zu. The great mathematician never saw his calendar put 58 use. Almost ten years after his 59 (die), the new calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was an inventor, too. He once made a vehicle(车辆) 60 carried a pointer(指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.
