2024届高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
If I were a boy even just for a day
I'd roll outta bed in the morning
And throw on what I wanted and go
Drink beer with the guys
And chase after girls
I'd kick it with who I wanted
And I'd never get confronted for it
'Cause they'd stick up for me
If I were a boy
If I were a boy
Even just for a day
I would roll out of bed in the morning
And throw on what I wanted and go
Drink beer with the guys
And chase after girls
I would kick it with who I wanted
And I would never get confronted for it
Because they’d stick up for me
If I were a boy
I think that I could understand
how it feels to love a girl
I swear I would be a better man
I would listen to her
….
If I were a boy, I would roll out of bed in the morning.
If I were a boy, I could understand how it feels to love a girl.
If I were a boy,I would turn off my phone.
Question: Is she a boy
不是事实 假设 愿望
英语的动词一般有 3种 不同的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气 和 虚拟语气。
不同的语气用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)
定义 Definition
表示说话人所说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、推测、建议、要求、命令等。
虚拟语气经常用于if虚拟条件状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或其他结构中。
虚拟语气
A
If条件句中
B
宾语从句中
C
同位语从句中
D
表语从句中
E
主语从句中
其他结构
F
一：用于if虚拟条件句中
虚拟语气用于if条件句中，主从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见下表
例句：
如果上天再给我一次机会，我会对那个女孩说三个字。
If the God gave me another chance, I would say three words to that girl.
【知识梳理1】
条件从句 结果主句
对现在虚拟 动词过去式（be动词用were） should
would+动词原形
could
might
与现在事实相反
例如：If John had time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
练习：
①If you _____ (be)in my place, you would do the same.
②If there were more room, they _________ (can put) the piano in.
③If the earth _____ (stop) turning suddenly, what __________ (happen) then.
were
could put
stopped
would happen
条件从句 结果主句
对将来虚拟 1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式（be动词用were） 3.were to + 动词原形 should
would + 动词原形
could
might
与将来事实相反
例如：If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
练习：
If your father ________ _ _ (know) this, he would be angry.
If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, the sport meeting ____________.(put off)
should know/knew/were to know
should rain
would be put off
连接词 条件从句 结果主句
对过去虚拟 had+过去分词 should
would + have+ 过去分词
could
might
与过去事实相反
例如：If I had known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
练习：
If the supermarket had not been far away,I __________________ (walk) there.
would have walked
If 引导的虚拟条件句的分类：
1. 对现在的虚拟（白日梦）
2. 对过去的虚拟（后悔药）
3. 对将来的虚拟（幻想症）
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） would/should/ could/might 动词原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
与过去事实相反 had+过去式 would/should/ could/might have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。

与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should +动 词原形 ③were to+动 词原形 would/should/ could/might 动词原形 If he shouldn't come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。

. If I _____ you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was C. were D. am
(2).I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they ______ speak with French accents.
A. don’t B. will not C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t
(3). I would have gone to the concert, if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
C
D
A
【知识梳理2】
如果虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should，有时可以把if省略掉，把were，had，should提到主语前形成部分倒装，若为否定形式，not不可提前。
【例题精讲】
________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.[天津高考题]
A. Did he catch B. should be catch
C. has he caught D. Had he caught
虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
①If she had more money, she would dress fashionably.
→ ___________________, she would dress fashionably.
②If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him.
→ ___________________, you would have seen him.
③If it had not been for your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time..
→ _________________ __, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
Had she more money
Had you been here earlier
Had it not been for your help
【知识梳理3】
虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中，主从句动作发生的时间不一致，这时主从句动词的形式应根据句意或时间来调整，选用适当的虚拟形式。

例句：
如果Alice那时不做出牺牲的话，人类现在可能已经灭绝了。
If Alice hadn’t made a sacrifice at that time, human beings would be extinct now.
错综时间条件句
1. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
2. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
3. If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.
含蓄条件句
1.有时,假设的情况并不用条件从句表达,而是暗含在上下文中,由without“没有”,but for“要不是”等来表达。
But for/Without your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.
要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
2.用otherwise，or“否则”来暗示后文与前面情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)
我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) 他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一无所知。
3.虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。“但是”
I would have helped you but I was busy then.
【知识梳理4】
二：用于宾语从句中
【知识梳理1】
在表示“坚持要求”(insist)，“命令”(order，command)，“建议”(suggest，recommend，propose，advise)，“要求”(ask，require，request，demand，desire)，”敦促”urge等动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，也就是从句谓语用“(should)十动词原形”。
注意事项：
suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，insist作“坚持认为/说”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
他脸上的表情表明他很生气。
He insisted (that) he heard someone in the next room.
他坚持说他听到隔壁屋里有人。
【例题精讲】
1. My uncle suggested that I a job in a bank.
got B. would C. should get D. must get
2. They insisted that a meeting as soon as possible.
A. be held B. was held C. must be held D. hold
建议
坚持要求
一坚持(insist)
二命令(order, command)
从句should来听命
三建议(suggest, advise, recommend）
四要求(require, request, ask, demand)
“认为暗示”请放走
【知识梳理2】
wish后跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
对现在情况的假设:wish+主语+动词过去式(be动词通常用were)
对过去情况的假设:wish+主语+had+过去分词
对将来情况的假设:wish+主语+would/could/might+动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。
How I wish I had listened to my parents’ advice!
我多么希望我听了父母的建议!
I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。
【例题精讲】
2. I wish I _____ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. [北京高考题]
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been
3. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _______ as well as her. [陕西高考题]
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
1. I wish I _____(be) 10 years younger.
2. John wished he _________(take)my advice.
3. She wishes she _________________ (become) a bird tomorrow.
were
had taken
would/could become
【知识梳理3】
would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
对现在/将来情况的假设:would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词通常用were)
对过去情况的假设:would rather+主语+had+过去分词
I would rather (that) he had gone to the seaaide yesterday.要是他昨天和我去海边就好了
George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I’d
rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈论他国家的地理,而我宁愿他更多地关注他国家的文化。
宁愿，要是..就好了
【巩固练习】
1. I'd rather you_________ that.
A. don't B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done
2. I'd rather my son_______ to university right now.
A. go B. went C. will go D. goes
三：用于表语从句和同位语从句中
表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词（如： advice，order，demand，proposal，suggestion，request) 后面所接的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，也就是从句的谓语动词的形式为：(should)＋动词原形。
1. My advice is that you (stop) smoking.
2. I make a proposal that we ( eat ) dinner together tomorrow afternoon.
(should) stop
表语从句
同位语从句
(should) eat
四：用于主语从句中
1. It is important that every member
(know) these rules.
2. It is necessary that students ( respect ) teachers.
(should) know
(should) respect
(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/viatl/a pity+that从句”中,从句用虚拟语气，也就是从句谓语动词常用“ （should）+动词原形”。
四：用于主语从句中
(2)It is/was ＋ suggested/ requested/ required/ demanded/ ordered/ commanded / proposed/ desired/ recommended ＋ that 从句中 ，从句用虚拟语气，也就是从句谓语动词常用“ （should）+动词原形”。
E.g. It is suggested that we (sleep)
before 23 o’clock every day.
建议我们应该每天晚上11点前睡觉。
(should) sleep
五：在其他结构中的应用
【知识梳理1】
had done对过去虚拟
as if/though did/ were对现在虚拟
would/could/should/might+动词原形 对将来虚拟
似乎，好像
在as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中，从句要用虚拟语气
It seems as though it were spring already.
看起来好像已经是春天了。(事实上不是)
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon．It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.
这个女孩对月球的描述非常逼真，就好像她去过月球很多次似的。
He opens his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴巴，好像要说什么。
【知识梳理2】
had done对过去虚拟
if only did/ were对现在虚拟
would/could/should/might+动词原形 对将来虚拟
If only I knew his name!（现在）
If only we had followed your advice!（过去）
If only I could see him again!（未来）
要是..就好了
在“It is (about/high) time＋that 从句”中，从句谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意为“(现在)该……，是时候....”，用来表示建议。
It is time that you went to school.
你该去上学了。
It is (high) time that we should start out.
我们(早)该出发了。
【知识梳理3】
某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”但实际上没做。这类动词主要有expect，hope，plan，suppose，think，intend，mean，want等。对过去的愿望。
I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
【知识梳理4】
虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)
定义 Definition
表示说话人所说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、推测、建议、要求、命令等。
虚拟语气经常用于if虚拟条件状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或其他结构中。
情态动词+have done”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，表示“与过去事实相反”.（对过去的推测和假设）
Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.
既然没有人帮助他,他一定是独自做的研究。
I could have done better in the last exam.
上次考试我本应该考得更好。(考得不理想)
【知识梳理5】
1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done (过去)一定……,语气比较肯定,用于肯定句
may(might) have done (过去)可能……,语气不确定,用于肯定句和否定句
can(could) have done (过去)可能……,用于否定句和疑问句,表示怀疑或不确定
1.Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.
既然没有人帮助他,他一定是独自做的研究。
2.Could he have left the work unfinished
他会丢下工作不干了
2.表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了
would have done 过去本来想做某事而没做
would not have done 过去本不愿意做某事而做了
1.I could have done better in the last exam.
上次考试我本应该考得更好。(考得不理想)
2.You needn’t have watered the flowers because it would rain soon.
你本不必浇花的,因为很快会下雨的。(已经浇了)
3.I would have helped you but I was busy at that time.
我本来想帮你可是当时很忙。(没有帮)
If you were a young idler懒汉,
you would be an old beggar乞丐.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲
1. 复习所讲内容;
2. 完成练习。