2024年中考英语二轮复习课件(共61张PPT) 定语从句

(共61张PPT)
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 什么是先行词？
3. 什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？
4. 如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？
学习目标
一、定语从句概念及结构
一、定语从句概念:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
I joined in a sports meeting.
Mary is a girl with long hair.
Do you have someting to eat
I love the toy made by my father.
The girl wearing a red coat is Mary.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
介短作后定
定语：前置定语/后置定语
不定式做后定
过分做后定
现分做后定
adj./n.作前定
句子后置修饰girl,定从句
a girl who likes red.
I know
定语从句
两个句子
两个词
主 句
从句(定从)
？
先行词和关系词
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
二、定语从句先行词
二、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
找出下列句子中的先行词
1. Mary is a girl who has long hair.
2. I love singers who write their own music.
3. He is a teacher that teaches us Chinese.
4. Where is the picture which you bought last week.
三、定语从句种类
1. The man who lives next to us is a policeman
先行词
关系词
定语从句
三. 种类：
1. 限定性定语从句
2. 非限定性定语从句
（标志：关系词前用逗号隔开,去掉主句意思无影响）
限定性定从
2. Mr. Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
非限定性定语从句
四、定语从句关系词
关系代词: who, whom,
which,
that whose
关系副词: when, where, why
关系词 /
引导词
关系代词/关系副词
1.先行词
决定
修饰人
修饰物
修饰人或物
充当主语、宾语、定语等成分
作时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
四. 关系词 /引导词
先行词(代词或名词) 关系代词 定从中充当成分
人 who 主语/ 宾语（可省）
that 主语/ 宾语（可省）
whom 宾语（可省）
注：当宾语时，介词后只用whom且不可省
物 which 主语/ 宾语（可省）
注：当宾语时，介词后只用which且不可省
that 主语/ 宾语（可省）
人或物 that 主语/ 宾语（可省）
whose 定语（强调所属关系，译为...的）
1.The man_____________spoke at the meeting is my father.
2.I don’t like the story_____________he told me yesterday.
3.That’s the girl_______________I met at the pary yesterday.
4.Mr Green lives in a house___________window is red.
5.The boy_______Chinese teacher is my good friend, Miss Xu.
6.The teacher from __________ I learnt most was Miss Zhou.
7.Tongnan is the city in___________ Jiang Mingdong lives.
8.Tongnan is the place______________I was born.
9.I remember the day___________we had fun playing soccer.
10.I remember the day______________we spent together.
10.Is that the reason _________you were late for class again
11.Is that the reason ______________you tell me yesterday
who/that
which/that
who/whom/that
whose
whose
whom
which
where
when
which/that
why
which/that
五、关系词的应用及功能
分析句子成分
I love singers who write their own music.
五、关系词的应用及功能
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系词常有三个作用：
1. 连接定语从句
2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分
1. I know a girl who likes red.
2.Jim reads books which are fun.
1.方法：找主句、从句、先行词、关系词
完整的句子是主句
不完整的句子是从句
主句
从句
先行词
关系词
1. I know a girl who ______(like)red.
2. Jim reads books which______(be) fun.
3. Do you know the things and persons
that they ____(be) talking about
2.先行词
决定
从句中的谓语动词形式
likes
are
are
3.定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。
1. Who is the man that is standing under the tree
2. Jim reads books which are fun.
3. The mp4 that ____ been given to me is home-made. (have)
4. I, who ____ your classmate, will share the work with
you. ( be )
5.I like teachers who/that ________(know) much.
has
am
know
1. I like stars who _________ (be) kind.
2. She has a son who __________ (work) lovely.
3. We met one of my friends who _________ (be) intelligent.
4. Do you prefer songs that ________ (sound) gentle
5. We need a volunteer who _______(have) some teaching experience.
6. They like food that ____________ (smell) nice.
7. I prefer the shoes that/which _____（be) cool.
8. Do you know the boy who/that ________ (come) from the USA.
are
works
are
sound
has
smells
are
comes
【注意】
1.He is one of the students who ______ made great progress.
2.Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who ____ been invited to have dinner with us.(have)
one of +复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但若one前有 the (only),the (just) , the （very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式
have
has
1. Tom is one of the boys that _________(be) from the USA.
2. Tom is the only boy that_______(be) from the USA.
are
is
练一练
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
I’m reading a book ________ _______ about Bill Gates.
He is a teacher __________ __________ us Chinese.
that/which is
who/that teaches
合并为定语从句
形式不变
主语
主语
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
4.Where is the picture You bought it last week.
5. I know the girl. You practice English with the girl.
I don’t like the man ________ ___ smoking.
Where is the picture ____________ you bought last week
who/that is
that/which
I know the girl ____________you practice English with.
=I know the girl ______ ______you practice English.
who/that
/whom
with whom
宾语
宾语
主语
六、定语从句关系词的选择
1.关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语(在句中作宾语可省))
先行词------- 物
This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.
This is a dream which/that will never come true.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog that/which was lost has been found.
Practice:
1.This is the house. The house is for sale
This is the house that/which is for sale.
(1) which / that 作主语.
（作主语）
(不能省)
(2) which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）
This is the card.
I’ve just received the card.
This is the card (which / that) I’ve just received.
Practice:
1.This is the mistake. I always make mistake.
2. I still keep the letters. She wrote the letter to me.
（作宾语）
This is the mistake (which /that) I always make.
I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
1. 介词+ which
1)We depend on the land from______ we get our food.
2)We depend on the land___________ we get our food from.
2. 在引导非限定性定语从句时
1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.判断( )
（3）只能用 which 的三种情况
×
which
that/which
which
3. 先行词为that, those 时.
What's that which was put in the car
→What are those which were put in the car
变复数
（4）只能用 that 的6种情况
1）That’s all I know.
2）Have you taken down everything Mr.Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
3）There is little I can do for you.
我不能为你做什么
that
that
that
1.当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing （something除外）all, none, few, little, any, some, much, no等词时，或先行词受其修饰时
That is the most interesting book I have ever read.
That’s the only thing I can do now.
This is the best novel I have read.
The first place_______they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. There be 句型中，
that
that
that
that
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,
There are many strange things we don’t know in his book.
that
1)That’s the only thing ________I can do now.
2)This is the very dictoinary______ I want to buy.
that
that
注意：当先行词是人时，偶尔也用who.
Wang Hua is the only person in our school ____________will attend the meeting.
that/who
4.当先行词有the very, the only, the last, the same修饰时，
1) Who is the girl spoke to you just now
2) Which is the pen you lost
that
that
that
5. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，
6. 先行词同时包括人或物时.
They talked sbout the persons and things _________ they remembered at school.
2.关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语(可省))
whom (作宾语)
先行词------- 人
(1) who / that 作主语.
This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star is very popular in China. (作主语)
The boy is called Roy. The boy broke the window.
The boy who/that broke the window is called Roy.
who/that
Practice:
(不能省)
(2)who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The man is a famous writer.
He described the man just now.
The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）
The thief has been sent to prison.
The police caught the thief last night.
The thief (who/that/whom) the police caught last night has been sent to prison.
Practice:
3.关系代词whose 在从句中做定语(不可省)
I know the singer.
His name is Mary.
I know the singer
whose name isMary.
1.I have a friend. His parents work in London.
I have a friend _______parents work in London.
2. I live in a room. Its window is red.
I live in a room ______window is red.
whose
whose
1. 你认识嗓音很好的那个女孩吗？
2. 昨天我遇见了一个名叫哈利波特的男孩？
3.Please tell me the boy ________mother comes from New York.(who,whose)
Do you know the girl ______voice is nice
I met a boy _______name is Harry Potter
whose
whose
whose
4.定语从句的简化
1.可以简化成介词定语。
2.可以简化成动词不定式定语。
3.可以简化成现在分词定语。
4.可以简化成过去分词定语。
4.定语从句的简化
1.The books which are under the desk aren’t worth needing.
The books _______ ______ _______ aren’t worth needing.（介词短语简化）
2. Do you have anything that you want to say at the meeting.
Do you have anything _____ _____ at the meeting
（不定式简化）
under the desk
to say
3.The boy who is standing against the door is our monitor.
The boy _______ ________ the door is our monitor.（现在分词短语简化）
4.The dictionary which my mother bought me is very useful.
The dictionary _______ ______ my mother for me is very useful. （过去分词短语简化）
standing against
bought by
正在操场跑步的老师教我们的体育。
The teacher who is running on the playground teaches us PE.
The teacher __________ on the
playground teaches us P.E.
running
that and what 的区分
1.We can do something ______ we can to protect the earth.
2.We must do ______ we can to protect the earth.
3. I'll say something _____ you like.
=I'll say ______ you like.
4. Can you buy anything _____ your mother likes
=Can you buy ______your mother likes
that
what
that
what
that
what
when引导定语从句表示时间，在定从中作时间状语。
1)I still remember the day________I first came to the school.
2)The time_______ we got together finally came.
when
when
why引导定从表示原因，在定从中作原因状语。
1)Please tell me the reason_______ you missed the plane.
2)I don't know the reason______ he looks unhappy today.
why
why
why引导定从先行词常是the reason
七、关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分
七、关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分
1.同样修饰一个地点, 有时使用where，有时使用which/that,
同样修饰一个时间, 有时使用when, 有时使用which/that.
where/when在定从中作状语
which/that在定从中作主语/宾语
先行词是时间或地点，定语从句中缺宾语，用that/which；定语从句完整，缺状语，用when或when.
*考点 ：关系副词转换
Shanghai is the city I was born.
Shanghai is the city I was born in .
where
which/that
when where why 与介词+which 转换：
when = in/on/at + which
where= in/on/at + which
why = for + which
Shanghai is the city in I was born.
which
why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.
That is the reason why I’m late.
eg:I know the reason why he said it.
why = for which
=That is the reason for which I’m late.
That is the house. He lives in the house.
That is the house _____________ he lives in.
That is the house_______ _______he lives.
that/which
in which
That is the house _________ he lives.
where
in which= where
练一练
1.This is the park_________we visited last year.
2.This is the park_________we held a birthday party.
3.We won't forget the days_________she spent on the island.
4.She won't forget the days ________they stayed together.
5.That's the date_______we went to the collage.
6.That's the date_________ she won't forget forever.
7.I like the time_________we lived together.
8.I like the time_______we had together.
that
where
that
when
when
that
when
that
缺宾语成分用that,
完整则用关系副词
关系副词when,where,why和“介词+which”之间的关系
where= in/on/at...+which
when= in/on/at...+which
why= for +which
1.The reason________________ he refused the invitation is not clear.
2.From the year______________he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
3.This is the room____________________ I lived.
=This is the room_________ I lived in.
4.Tom still remembers the days___________________they lived in Tianjin.
why
when
(for which)
(in which)
where
(in which)
which
when
(in which)
注意：
1.介词后的关系代词不能省略。
1)Chongqing is the city_______________I live in.
2)Chongqing is the city______ _______I live .
3)Chongqing is the city_________I live .
that/which/不填
in which
where
2. that前不能有介词。
3.某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+which”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
1.This is the house_______ ________I lived two years ago
=This is the house_______I lived two years ago.
2.Do you remember the day_____ ______you joined our club
=Do you remember the day______ you joined our club
3.This is the reason ________ he came late.
=This is the reason______ ______ he came late.
in which
where
on which
when
why
for which
1. Is this the place ______ you were born
A. which B.where C.what D.that
2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year
A. which B.where C.what D. why
3.I can’t remember the time _______we’ll have the meeting.
A. which B.when C.where D.that
4.I can’t forget the happy times _______ we spent in Paris.
A. that B.where C.what D. why
做宾语，可省
that/which
5.He told her the reason____ he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her.
A. why; why B. why; which
C. that; why D. which; why
填上适当的关系代词和关系副词
1. I'll visit the city _______we worked together for 3 years.
2. I'll visit the school _______you studied in two years ago.
3. Do you remember the year _______your brother was born
4. Do you remember the year ________we spent together in the school
where
where
when
that/which
5. Do you know the reason _________he failed the test again
6. I want to know the reason __________you haven't told me.
7. Please give me the book _______cover is red.
8. I don't know the boy _______ hair is pink.
why
that/which/不填
whose
whose
9. That's the most boring movie _____ I have never seen.
10. Do you know anything ____ I want to say
11.Which is the desk _____ you repaired just now
12. What are those ________are under our bed
13.The teachers and the problems_______ I met changed me a lot.
that
that
that
which
that
定语从句——修饰名词或代词,它应该在名词
或代词之后
宾语从句——作一个动词或介词的宾语,它应
该在动词或介词之后
定语从句的关系词中没有what，而what是宾语从句的常见引导词。
定语从句和宾语从句区分