人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and scientists-单元综合测试卷（重难点词句语法基础 提升练）（含答案）

选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists 单元综合检测卷
I 基础部分
根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。
1. Cheer up! You needn’t feel f_____________ at your failure in the exam.
2. The poems may not make sense and even seem ________________(相互矛盾的), but they are easy to learn.
3. This kind of virus can cause _______________(严重的) damage to our health.
4. Further _______________(证据) is needed to make sure such drugs do no harm to our health.
5. The traditional approach to h_______________ complicated problems is to break them down into simple ones.
6. The sun shone through the leaves, casting s_______________ on the lawn.
7. I have such a good command of English that I am selected as an _________________(助手) to my English teacher.
8. As is known to us all, Yuan Longping is an o________________ Chinese scientist in agriculture.
9. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s _______________(过错).
10. All the teachers are satisfied with your b________________ performance in the speech cntest.
二、单句语法填空
1. The guide described the scenery so _____________(vivid) that we all desired to see it _______________(we).
2. I’ll have my bike ____________(repair) after school. That’s ____________ I’m going to work on foot these days.
3. John seemed ____________(tell) a lie to his teacher, nor ___________ he admit his fault.
4. _____________(initial), the system worked well, but then we met some _______________(challenge).
5. America is considered to be a country with ______________(multiply) cultures.
6. As a ____________(gift) physicist, he is capable enough _____________(handle) these challenges.
7. _______________ makes him an outstanding scientist is his ____________(devote) to science.
8. _________ number of the company’s exports has been increasing ____________(steady) in the past years.
9. Jeanne screamed ___________ loudly that her daughter came ____________(run) from the house.
10. As a ______________(consequent) of the heavy fog, all the flights ________________(cancel).
三、词组的适当形式填空。
of critical importance once and for all be to blame (for) be linked to thanks to trace…back to
come down with above all be gifted in in charge of on the decrease a household name break out
1. I’ll be ___________________ international sales next month when my director is on business.
2. You’d better put on a mask when you __________________ the flu, which can stop the bacteria from spreading.
3. The fire _______________ during the day and therefore almost no one was injured.
4. His fear of darkness can ______________________ a childhood experience.
5. The government had been determined to tackle the problem ______________________.
6. _______________ your timely help, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
7. The guard ____________________ killing the girl, though there was no absolute proof.
8. Britain _________________ the rest of Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
9. It is _____________________ for us students to build up confidence and make intense efforts.
10. As far as I’m concerned, Tom rather than his friends _________________ the accident.
四、重点句式复习练习
1. 我从来没遇到过比这个困难更具有挑战性的了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 过去三天一直在下大雨，扰乱了正常的生活。（doing作状语）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 毫无疑问，正是他的婚姻让他变成了一个暖男。（强调句）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 最令我激动的是，我被一所重点大学录取了！（名词性从句）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 情况似乎越来越糟糕了。那是因为一些感染了新冠肺炎的人没有意识到隔离(isolation)的重要性。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. 通过努力，John不但取得了很大的进步，还增加了自信。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. 我的计划一得到老师的赞成，我就立马开始实施了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. 在我看来，现在很有可能感染新冠肺炎的人数会急剧上升。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
II 综合部分
五、阅读理解
A
You probably know who Marie Curie is, but you may not hear of Ruzena Bajcsy. Of the brilliant ladies listed below, who is the greatest woman in your mind
Ruzena Bajcsy
Bajcsy is an American scientist. She received praise from other scientists because of her research on robots with her students who were under the guidance of her teaching. And she received the 2009 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science for her creation in robots, especially in the development of improved robotic perception (认知) and in the creation of better methods to analyze medical images.
Rachel Carson
Rachel Carson is an author. At first, she majored in English at the Pennsylvania College for Women, but later she changed her major. Her popular book Silent Spring raised awareness of the danger of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Oprah Winfrey
Born into poverty in rural Mississippi, Winfrey is a successful talk show hostess and one of the richest African Americans of the 20th century. She changed the modes of talk show by using a more honest way of media communication and adjusted her talk show with a focus on literature and self-improvement, which made her show become the highest-rated television program of its kind in history.
Sheryl Sandberg
Sheryl Sandberg is a great director of Facebook. In 2012, she was named in the Time 100, a list of the most powerful people in the world. She published her first book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead in 2013. This book talks about business leadership and development, at the same time discusses the lack of women in government and business leadership positions.
1．What is Bajcsy most noted for
A．Her new book on robots. B．Her excellent teaching skills.
C．Her contributions to technology. D．Her academic research on medicine.
2．Why was Oprah’s talk show so popular
A．Her respect for the poor touched the audience.
B．She presented her show in creative forms and contents.
C．She talked about current events happening around the world.
D．Her personal experiences encouraged people to live positively.
3．Sandberg’s first book is suitable for women who ________.
A．are interested in social media B．are devoted to community work
C．want to achieve their career values D．desire to improve their writing skills
B
If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind The idea that most of the kids have is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups of colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority regard scientists as strange people who spend a lot of time working in a lonely lab. However, the reality is quite different.
Recently I’ve had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my lab and into Costa Rica. It has a large amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is home to more than 500,000 species, which represents nearly 4% of the species worldwide!
First we worked to protect wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) protection center. We helped the volunteers to remove rubbish from the beach to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic (地壳的) activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. On the last day we got a professional introduction of rocket (火箭) science and learned about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night. A scientist is the one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping protect wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!
4．According to Paragraph 1, scientists are often believed ________.
A．to do experiments in messy labs B．to spend too much time in labs
C．to wear clothes in a different way D．to work in dangerous conditions
5．In Costa Rica，the author ________.
A．experienced an earthquake B．took part in rocket experiments
C．picked up rubbish on the beach D．helped the volunteers collect turtle eggs
6．What does the author learn about science from his experience
A．Science is full of boring experiments. B．Science is related to chemical liquids.
C．Science is more than working in a lab. D．Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
7．What is the best tide for the passage
A．What a Scientist Is Like B．Where a Scientist Works
C．How I Traveled in Costa Rica D．Why I Chose to Study Science
C
Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
"How surprising do you think it is that you're the third woman to win this prize "
"Well, that is surprising, isn't it I think that's the story of Maria that people want to talk about — that why should it take 60 years There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized "
Physics still has one of the largest gender (性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year's winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
8．Which of the following best explains the underlined word "groundbreaking" in Paragraph 2
A．Active. B．Amazing. C．Creative. D．Interesting.
9．What do we know about Professor Strickland's achievement
A．She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.
B．She supported equality between man and women.
C．She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.
D．She invented a way of using lasers as cutting tools.
10．When did the second woman winning the Nobel Prize in Physics win the honor
A．In 1903. B．In 1958. C．In 1963. D．In 1985.
11．What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4
A．Women's achievements in physics are as great as men's.
B．Women's achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C．Maria's discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D．Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research.
第二节：七选五
Roger Sperry and Robert Ornstein of the California Institute of Technology, Nobel Prize winners, discovered that the human brain has two sides, and each side has different work to do.
The left side of the brain controls language and number and it analyses and reasons. 12 It controls our appreciation of music and our sense of rhythm. It is also the right side of our brain which daydreams.
Leonardo da Vinci was the great painter and sculptor. He was also an architect, a scientist and an inventor! 13__________ When he invented machines he used both his imaginative ability and his analytical (分析)ability.
14 Albert Einstein enjoyed art, playing the violin and sailing. Indeed, Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination rather than from analysis, reason and language. He said that written and spoken words were not important in his thinking. The story goes that Einstein was daydreaming one summer's day while sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe. Then he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve(弯曲). 15__________ He then used the left side of his brain to apply analysis, number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.
Traditional education in schools encourages us to use the left side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. Why don't we give more value to visual thinking Why jump on one foot if we have two perfectly good legs!
16 We need to use our imagination to think of solutions to problems and to ennal and artistic experiences. And we need to be logical and to be able to analyze and organize in order to survive day by day.
A. We benefit by thinking creatively.
B. We all need both sides of our brain.
C. He got this idea by using his imagination.
D. Great scientists and great artists are similar.
E. He was considered crazy for his strange ideas.
F. He used both sides of his brain within each activity.
G. The right side controls our imagination and our understanding of space.
六、完形填空
Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist. He has made several very important medical 1 . When a newspaper journalist asked him why he was able to be so much more 2 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 3 with his mother that occurred when he was a child.
Stephen had been trying to 4 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he 5 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell，spilling(泼出) its contents all over the kitchen floor-a real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of 6 at him，giving him a lecture or chastising him，she said, “what a great and wonderful 7 you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. Well，the 8 has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 9 we clean it up？"
Indeed，he did. After a few minutes，his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this， 10 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper 11 .”And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said，"You know，what we have here is a 12 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and 13 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without 14 it “The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands，he could 15 it without dropping it. What a good 16 to him!
This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make 17 .Instead，he learned that mistakes were just 18 for learning something new，which is，after all, what scientific 19 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't work, we usually learn something 20 from it.
1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions
2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative
3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure
4．A．recycle B．purchase C．remove D．freeze
5．A．lost B．tightened C．adjusted D．caught
6．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing
7．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke
8．A．injury B．research C．assignment D．damage
9．A．when B．as C．after D．before
10．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly
11．A．order B．situation C．form D．use
12．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless
13．A．fill B．wash C．polish D．cover
14．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching
15．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense
16．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson
17．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions
18．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals
19．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments
20．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract
七、阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There’re varieties of big problems in the world. Who’s going to solve all these terrible problems Yes, politicians and world leaders will have a big part 1___________(play). Yes businesses will need to create the 2____________(economy) wealth to pay for some of these things. But who’s going to make a much greater difference 3________ something like AIDS or climate change. It’s going to be a scientist. It is the scientist 4__________ can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are 5_____________(actual) interesting!
Military scientists develop not only new weapons 6__________ new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small 7___________(clue) to catch criminals. Don’t think 8___________ scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking You could be a food technologist 9_____________(help) to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the 10______________(late) advances and sharing them with the world.
Unit 1 Reading and Thinking 参考答案：
一、1 frustrated 2 contradictory 3 severe 4 proof 5 handling 6 shadows
7 assistant 8 outstanding 9 fault 10 brilliant
二、1. vividly; ourselves 2 repaired; why 3. to lie; did 4 Initially, challenges 5 multiple
6. gifted, to handle 7 What, devotion 8 The, steadily 9 so, running 10 consequence, were canceled
三、1. in charge of 2 come down with 3 broke out 4 be traced back to 5 once and for all
6 Thanks to 7 was suspected of 8. is linked to 9. of critical importance 10 was to blame for
四、1. I have never come across/encounter a more challenging difficulty than this one.
2. It has been pouring down for the past three days, disrupting normal life.
3. Undoubtedly, /Without doubt,/There’s no doubt that/There’s no denying (the fact) that it is his marriage that has transformed him into a caring boy.
4. What excited/thrilled me most was that I was admitted into a key university.
5. The situation seems to be getting worse. That’s because some people (who are) infected with COVID-19 are not aware of the importance of isolation.
6. Through his intense efforts, not only has John made much progress, but he has also built up his confidence.
7. As soon as my teacher subscribed to my plan, I got down to carrying it out without delay.
=Hardly had my teacher subscribed to my plan when I got down to carrying it out without delay.
8. it is very likely that the number of people infected with COVID-19 will have a substantial/sharp/marked increase at present.
=As far as I can see, the number of people infected with COVID-19 is likely to have a substantial/sharp/marked increase at present.
五、阅读 CBC BCCA CBDB GFDCB
六、完形 BDACA BBDDC ABABC DCCDA
七、1 to play 2 economic 3 to 4 who/that 5 actually 6 but 7 clues
8 a 9 helping 10 latest