2024届高考英语外刊时文精读精练学案（含答案）

2024年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (1)
What’s for dinner Street food 晚上吃什么？ “街边美食”
主题语境：人与自然 主题语境内容：人与环境，人与动植物
【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）
A new delicacy（美食） is available in Wyoming. It is fresh and cheap—but probably a little gamey（ 味道强的）. Last month it became legal for Wyomingites to collect roadkill that they accidentally hit themselves, or that they happened upon. Not all animals are fair game. Grizzly bears, some gray wolves and endangered species are off-limits.
Wyoming is not the only state that allows residents to collect roadkill. In fact, the Cowboy State is late to the party. Around 30 other states have some kind of roadkill-salvage（救助） programme, but the idea seems to have taken hold（扩展；蔓延） in the West only recently. Montana, Oregon, Idaho and Washington state have all jumped on the bandwagon（浪潮） since 2012. Officials are not sure how many Wyomingites will take part. But Montana’s Fish and wildlife Commission issues roughly 1,000 roadkill-salvage permits each year.
Although some may cringe（畏缩） at the idea of hauling （拖，拉）a deer carcass off the road and onto the dinner table (venison（鹿肉）, anyone ), the law has several benefits. First, roadkill is a source of fresh meat for poor rural （乡村的）communities who may not otherwise be able to afford it. State officials in Alaska distribute roadkill to charities. PETA, a radical （激进的）animal-rights group, argues that eating roadkill is healthier and more ethical（道德的） than buying meat raised for slaughter（屠杀）. Second, allowing residents to harvest roadkill themselves may cut down on the time the creatures spend on the road. In large, sparsely（稀疏地） populated states like Wyoming or Montana, it may take days for transport workers to collect a dead animal.
Lastly, roadkill-salvage programmes provide states with important data, says Fraser Shilling, director of the Road Ecology Centre at the University of California, Davis. Wyomingites must report the location of their find, showing officials where crashes with wildlife happen. Wyoming Game and Fish reckons（估计） there are 6,000 vehicle collisions（碰撞） with big game each year, accounting for about 15% of all crashes. Roadkill data may help the state figure out where to build highway overpasses or put up “wildlife crossing” warning signs.
Not everyone is licking（添） their lips. Some opponents fret（苦恼） that people will end up eating rancid（发臭的） meat. “It’s really the burden of the person who chooses to collect roadkill if they eat it or not,” says Sara DiRienzo, of Wyoming Game and Fish. Others worry that the laws will embolden（鼓励） hunters to use the roadkill programme as cover for killing animals they should not.
After almost a decade of failing to pass the bill, Dan Zwonitzer, its frequent sponsor, credits his success to recent support from his right-wing colleagues in the legislature（立法机关）. State lawmakers from staunchly（坚定地） Republican rural Wyoming managed to turn the roadkill-harvest programme into a libertarian（自由论者） cause célèbre. “There were some complaints from people who had hit animals or had seen other people hit animals,” says Mr Zwonitzer, “and they were like, ‘Well, it’s dead…I don’t want the government telling me I can’t take something I accidentally hit if the meat is good’.” He adds that he is not about to collect roadkill himself. But for those so inclined（倾向的）, there are cookbooks offering ways to serve up moose or mule deer. Bon appétit（可真是好胃口）.
【译文】
怀俄明州有了一种新美食。新鲜又便宜——只是可能有点“野”。上个月，怀俄明州人可以合法地将自己不小心撞死或自行撞车而死的动物当作食物带回家。但有些路毙动物除外，比
如灰熊、某些种类的灰狼和濒危物种。
怀俄明州并不是个例。事实上，牛仔州（怀俄明州别名）也是姗姗来迟。除此之外，美国还有约30个州有着某种路毙动物救助计划，但这个想法似乎直到最近才在美国西部得到实践。
自 2012 年以来，蒙大拿州、俄勒冈州、爱达荷州和华盛顿州都加入了这一队列。尽管怀俄明州的官员们不确定有多少人会这么做，但蒙大拿州的鱼类和野生动物委员会每年约颁发1,000 个路毙动物救助许可证。
尽管对有些人而言，将鹿的尸体从路上拖到餐桌上（鹿肉，有人想吃吗？）的想法十分可怕，但这项法律的确有几个好处。首先，对于买不起鲜肉的贫穷农村居民而言，路毙动物是新鲜肉类的重要来源。阿拉斯加州政府官员把路毙动物分发给慈善机构。激进的动物权益组织 PETA 认为，比起购买屠宰的牲畜肉，食用路毙动物更健康、更合乎道德。其次，允许人们自行处理撞死的动物效率更高，因为，大体而言，在怀俄明州或蒙大拿州等人口稀少的大州，交通部门人员可能需要数天时间才能处理完一具动物尸体。
加州大学戴维斯分校道路生态中心的主任弗雷泽·希林
（Fraser Shilling）说，最后，路毙动物救助计划为各州提供了重要的参考数据。怀俄明州人必须上报路毙动物发现地点，以向政府说明在何地与野生动物发生碰撞。怀俄明州狩猎和渔业部估计每年有 6000 起车辆与大型野生动物相撞的事故，约占所有撞车事故的15%。这些路毙动物的数据可能有助于各州确定在哪里建造高速公路立交桥或张贴“野生动物过境”警告标志。
并不是所有人都认为这是美味。一些反对者担心最终吃到的是已经腐臭的肉。怀俄明州狩猎和渔业部的萨拉·迪里恩佐（Sara DiRienzo）说：“这真的是那些选择带走路毙动物的人所面临的负担，不管他们吃不吃。” 其他人担心那些非法猎杀动物的猎人可能将该救助计划作为掩护、钻法律的空子。
在此前近10年的时间里，该法案一直没有通过，丹·兹沃尼策（Dan Zwonitzer）坚持多次发起该法案，并认为该法案之所以能通过，是因为最近其在立法机关工作的右翼同事对此给予了支持。来自怀俄明州（坚定的共和党州）农村的州立法者设法将“路毙动物收割”计划变成自由主义事业。兹沃尼策（Zwonitzer）说：“有些人曾自己撞到动物或看到别人撞到过动物，他们便抱怨说，‘好吧，它已经死了……所以，如果这些动物的肉很好吃的话，我真心不想听到政府告诉我——就算是意外撞死的动物也不能端上自己的餐桌’”。 他还补充说自己不打算把撞死的动物带回家。但对于那些支持者来说，也确实有菜谱能教他们如何烹饪驼鹿或骡鹿。可真是好胃口。
【背景知识】
全球每年会有数以万计的野生动物死于车祸，目前，美国几十个州允许当地居民可以合法收集道路上被撞死的动物进行食用，而不是眼睁睁看着这些动物尸体逐渐腐烂，被遗弃在路边。
尽管许多食肉动物以动物尸体为食，但是人们怎么知道被撞死的动物被食用是否安全呢？想要食用这些动物尸体需要遵循一些基本的预防措施，首先要对该动物尸体进行检查，确保其撞死之前没有患病或者伤口。虽然吃道路上被车撞死的野生动物对于某些人而言非常陌生，但是野生动物是一种健康和天然的蛋白质来源，无论其如何死亡，这种野味是可以享用的。野生动物肉质鲜美，是不可多得的美味大餐，人们都会尽可能享用野味美食。而且，动物权益组织PETA认为，吃掉被撞死的动物，可以减少肉类塑料包装的使用，而且这些动物因为没有打抗生素、荷尔蒙以及生长激素，因此食用更健康。
为了解决动物路毙，有些国家采用了新技术，比如德国在路边安装“光栅栏”。迄今为止，猎人们已经把100多万个反射镜安置在德国各地的公路上。汽车头灯的光照到这些圆盘上，它们就会沿着路边发出一道蓝色光束，形成一道用光组成的栅栏，意图使动物看到这道光后产生疑虑，从而打消穿越公路的念头。而在其他一些地方，猎人把灌入猞猁、狼、熊和人气味的泡沫喷洒在路边的树和木桩上。这些“气味栅栏”可让动物放弃跑到公路上。
【课标词汇】
available 可利用的；可获得的；有空（做某事）的
例句：
Community health services available to Londoners.伦敦人可以享用的社区保健服务。
The nurse is only available at certain times.护士只在某些特定时间才空闲。
legal 合法的
例句：
What the company has done is perfectly legal.公司所做的这一切完全是合法的。
He had twice the legal limit of alcohol in his bloodstream.他血液中的酒精含量是法定限度的两倍。
A lorry driver can legally work eighty-two hours a week.从法律上讲，货车司机一星期可工作82小时。
accidentally偶然地；意外地
例句：
Police believe the fire was started accidentally. 警方认为大火是意外发生的。
A woman was accidentally killed during the shootout. 在交火中一名妇女意外身亡。
endanger使…处于危险之中；危及；危害endangered 濒临灭绝的
例句：
He would never do anything to endanger the lives of his children.他不会做任何危及自己孩子生命安全的事。
We must be careful not to do anything that might endanger the economic recovery.我们一定要谨慎，不能做任何妨碍经济复苏的事。
Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby's life .孕期吸烟会危及胎儿的生命
issue n.议题；争论点; v.提供，分配，分发
例句：
As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically作为雇主，我们需要让大家知道我们在处理这些问题时富有同情心。
Don't worry about who will do it - that's just a side issue (= not the main problem).不要担心这件事由谁来做——那只是次要问题。
The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.办事处将在周二和周四的上午颁发许可证。
roughly粗略地；大体上，大约
例句：
Sales are up by roughly 10%. 销售额上升了大约 10%。
They all left at roughly the same time. 他们都是大约同一时间离开的。
Roughly speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject. 关于这个问题，粗略地说，我们每周收到大约五十封来信。
afford买得起，支付得起，担负得起
例句：
I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.我不知道他靠薪水怎么能买得起新车。
Few people are able to afford cars like that.很少人买得起那样的车。
She couldn't afford the time off work to see him.她工作太忙，抽不出时间去看他。
distribute 分发；分配
例句：
Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets...学生们喊着口号，分发着传单。
Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees...数以千计的士兵正在给难民们分发食物和毯子。
The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
crash碰撞，撞坏，撞毁
例句：
We skidded on the ice and crashed (into another car).我们在冰上打滑撞了（另一辆）车。
Her brother borrowed her motorbike and crashed it.她弟弟借用她的摩托车，结果给撞坏了。
The plates went crashing to the ground.盘子哗啦一声摔落到地上。
cover覆盖；涉及；报道；走过；足够支付
例句：
Much of the country is covered by snow.这个国家的大部分地区都被白雪覆盖。
They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.他们昨天是打算走 40 英里的。
I'd just returned from covering the Cambodian war. 我刚报道完柬埔寨战争回来。
The award should be enough to cover her tuition fees. 这笔奖金应该够她支付学费了。
This leaflet covers what we've just discussed in more detail.这本小册子有我们刚才讨论问题的更多细节。
frequent 频繁的，时常发生的
例句：
A frequent criticism of the proposal has been its high cost.人们频频指责这项提案的成本过高。
The most frequent cause of death is heart attack.最常见的死因是心脏病发作。
The attacks were increasingly frequent and serious.攻击变得越来越频繁，越来越猛烈。
12.sponsor资助，赞助；支持
例句：
The competition was sponsored by Ruinart Champagne...比赛是由慧纳酒庄赞助的。
Most DES students are sponsored by the National Department of Education.多数环境科学系的学生是由国家教育部资助的。
【重点短语】
take part参与，参加（活动）；卷入
例句：
We have come here to take part in a major game.我们来这里是为了参加一项重要比赛。
They ran away and took no part in the battle.他们逃走了，没有参加这场战斗。
cut down 削减，减少使用
例句：
He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet...他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。
If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down 如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？
We need to cut the article down to 1 000 words. 我们得把这篇文章压缩到 1 000 字。
3.account for 占比例；解释
例句：
Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.计算机占去该国商业用电的5%。
Now, the gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.不过，他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例。
He was brought before the Board to account for his behaviour.
他被带到董事会上为他的行为作出解释。
4.figure out弄懂，了解
例句：
He was trying to figure out why the camera wasn't working.他想弄懂这架照相机为什么失灵了。
Don't worry, we'll figure something out (=find a way to solve the problem) .别担心，我们会找到办法解决的。
They're trying to figure out the politics of this whole situation...他们正试图弄明白整个情形背后的权术争斗。
put up 举起；搭建；张贴；提供食宿
例句：
Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major intersections...抗议者们在许多主要的十字路口设置了路障。
They're putting new street signs up...他们正在悬挂新的路标
I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days...我想知道她能否让我住几天。
I put up the tent and cooked a meal.我搭起帐篷，开始做饭。
end up最终；结果；到头来
例句：
If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want...如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
She could have ended up a millionairess.她本可以成为百万富婆的。
7.credit...to...将...归功于...
例句：
The work has been credited to a sixteenth century bishop. 这一工作归功于16世纪的一位主教。
She is credited with making the business a success.公司的成功归功于她。
Much of Manchester United's success can be credited to their manager.曼联队的胜利大半应该归功于他们的教练。
【长难句分析】
1）原文：PETA, a radical animal-rights group, argues that eating roadkill is healthier and more ethical than buying meat raised for slaughter.
2）分析：
红色部分是句子主体，简单的主谓+that引导的宾语从句
黄色是同位语，对PETA进行解释。善用同位语，可以使句子结构更简单，完全可以代替起到修饰作用的定语从句。
绿色部分是that引导的宾语从句中的主体结构，是比较级结构，相比较的对象都是动名词。
紫色部分是过去分词做后置定语，因为raise和meat之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词，这同样是替代定语从句的好方法。
3）译文：激进的动物权益组织 PETA 认为，比起购买屠宰的牲畜肉，食用路毙动物更健康、更合乎道德。
【课标词汇精练】
1.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义，并将下面句子翻译成汉语。
1）We can't afford to make any mistakes at this stage in the project.
2）The school issued a statement about its plans to the press.
3）We live roughly halfway between here and the coast.
4）In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbours or distributed among friends.
5）The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes.
6）Their arguments were becoming more and more frequent.
7）The team is sponsored by JVC, so the players wear the letters JVC on their shirts.
8）We watched the waves crashing against the rocks.
9）Airlines are raising fares to cover the rising costs of fuel.
10）There's no money available for an office party this year.
11）The school is legally responsible for your child's safety...
12）The program prevents files from being accidentally erased.
2.选词填空
end up；credit...to...；account for；figure out；put up；take part；cut down；
1）She doesn't usually in any of the class activities.
2）The doctor told him to on his drinking.
3）Students the vast majority of our customers.
4）It took them about one month to how to start the equipment...
5）She a notice about the school trip to Italy.
6）Every time they went dancing they in a bad mood...
7）The invention of the industrial robot the company.
3.微写作训练。
1）一定要把食品送到遭受饥荒的地区，这是至关重要的。（available）
海龟是濒危物种。(endanger)
我们再也不能等下去了，否则会赶不上飞机的。(afford)
4）“锻炼”一词包含非常广泛的活动。(cover)
Keys:
1）动词，支付得起。句意：工程进行到这个阶段，犯任何错误我们都担当不起。
2）动词，发表。句意：学校就其计划向新闻界发表了一项声明。
3）副词，大体上，大约。句意：我们住的地方大致在这里和海滨中间。
4）动词，分发。句意：大部分家具在搬家的时候都留给了邻居或送了朋友。
5）动词，使……有危险。句意：我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
6）形容词，频繁的。句意：他们的争论变得越来越频繁。
7）动词，赞助。句意：该队是由JVC公司赞助的，所以队员们的衬衫上都有JVC几个字母。
8）动词，撞击。句意：我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。
9）动词，付的起。句意：航空公司打算提高票价来贴补燃油日益上涨的成本。
10）形容词，可利用的。句意：今年没有钱举办办公室派对了。
11）副词，从法律上讲。句意：学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。
12）副词，意外地。句意：该程序防止文件被意外删除。
2. Keys:
1）She doesn't usually take part in any of the class activities.她通常不参加任何班级活动。
2）The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. 医生劝他少喝酒。
3）Students account for the vast majority of our customers.我们的顾客绝大多数是学生。
4）It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment...他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。
5）She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy. 她张贴出一张有关学校组织去意大利旅游的布告。
6）Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood...每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散。
7）The invention of the industrial robot is credited to the company. 工业机器人的发明应归功于那家公司。
3.Keys:
1）It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas.一定要把食品送到遭受饥荒的地区，这是至关重要的。
2）The sea turtle is an endangered species.海龟是濒危物种。
3）We can't afford to wait any longer or we'll miss the plane.我们再也不能等下去了，否则会赶不上飞机的。
4）'Exercise' is a word which covers a vast range of activities. “锻炼”一词包含非常广泛的活动。