易错点纠错练04 阅读理解：议论文易错练
名校阅读理解议论文易错题通关练
1.（2023·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考期中）
If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do—at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.
The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play.
Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing art—the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments—I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city and found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.
If you are among the people who feel that art is pure pleasure to experience and participate in, you might see it as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat art less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave art into your everyday life.
1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts
A．Shortage of time. B．Avoidance of duty.
C．Lack of interest. D．Art space inaccessibility.
2．What can we learn about the role of art according to the passage
A．It explores mysteries of life. B．It sparks emotional responses.
C．It enhances physical well-being. D．It offers a getaway from daily life.
3．What will be talked about next in the passage
A．Ways to integrate art into routine. B．Barriers to combine art and life.
C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Benefits of engaging with art.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Art Journey: Refreshing Soul
B．Art Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full
C．Embracing Art: From Luxury to Necessity
D．Connecting with Art: From Reality to Fantasy
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对自己的日常安排满满，以致于没有“艺术时间”，从而使得艺术成为“理论上的喜爱”和“奢侈品”。作者论述了艺术能够带来的有益的情绪刺激，希望可以将对艺术的喜爱真正体现到日常生活中，使其成为生活必需品。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为这样一个事实：我们被日常的责任压得喘不过气来，把我们的日程安排得满满的。)”可知，阻止人们享受艺术的是安排满满的日程，即，缺少享受艺术的时间。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(它们可能刺激了一种突然的觉醒，很像吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，一大口纯氧引起的震惊。)”可知，艺术可能会刺激一种突然的觉醒，给人带来震惊。由此可推知，艺术会给人带来情绪方面的刺激。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段末尾句内容“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave art into your everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，并逐渐将艺术融入你的日常生活。)”提到了制定一个时间表，将艺术融入日常生活，由此可推知，后文应以这一话题继续讲述如何设计这样的时间表，如何将艺术融入日常生活规划中。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章最后一段内容“If you are among the people who feel that art is pure pleasure to experience and participate in, you might see it as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat art less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你认为艺术是一种纯粹的体验和参与的乐趣，你可能会将其视为奢侈品，而更可取的态度是将艺术视为一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更像是一种锻炼或睡眠，一种必需品。)”点明了作者想要表达的核心，即，摒弃掉“对艺术理论式的喜爱”，将艺术真正的融入生活，使其成为生活必需品，而非奢侈品。因此，选项C“Embracing Art: From Luxury to Necessity(拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品)”贴合主旨，可作最佳标题。故选C项。
2.（2024·河北邯郸·统考二模）
What you believe in has a magic way of shaping your reality. The concept of “you can become what you believe” is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset (心态) on your journey through life. At the heart of this idea lies the distinction between two fundamental mindsets: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve. Effort is seen as a path to mastery, and setbacks are viewed as stepping stones on the journey to success. Criticism is taken constructively as a chance to improve skills, and the success of others serves as inspiration and a blueprint for one’s own progress.
In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed. People with a fixed mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure might reveal their limitations. They avoid pushing themselves because they see it as a sign of their weakness. Criticism is frequently interpreted as a personal attack, and envy or anger can be stirred up by others’ achievement. In nature, a fixed mindset limits individuals to their current abilities and limits their potential for growth.
The power of a growth mindset lies in its capacity to drive positive change. By believing in the potential for growth and improvement, individuals open themselves to a world of possibilities. “If you imagine less, less will be what you, undoubtedly deserve. Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love. Work as hard as you can, and think big, “Debbie Millman, a writer, designer, educator, artist and brand consultant said.
5．What is the author’s argument
A．People’s mindsets are diverse. B．One’s heart affects one’s mindset.
C．Mindset determines what one can be. D．Mindset depends on one’s character.
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the growth mindset
A．Its limitation. B．Its possibility.
C．Its disadvantages, D．Its characteristics.
7．What way does the author use to illustrate the two different mindsets
A．Giving examples. B．Making comparisons.
C．Conducting analysis. D．Quoting famous sayings.
8．What might be Debbie Millman’s suggestion
A．Think carefully before you act. B．Imagine less and practice more.
C．Stay true to yourself and never change. D．Pursue your dreams and never give up.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为人有两种心态, 一种是成长型心态, 一种是固定型心态。作者呼吁人们要培养成长型心态, 做好自己喜欢的事情。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The concept of ‘you can become what you believe’ is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset (心态) on your journey through life. (‘你能成为你相信的人’这句话不仅仅是一句励志名言。这是一个真理，强调你的心态对你的人生旅程的显著影响。)”可知，作者论点是心态决定一个人能成为什么样的人。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve. (成长型心态是一种心态，它认为能力和智力可以通过投入、努力、学习和坚持来发展。那些有成长型心态的人在挑战中成长得更好，把它们视为学习和提高的机会。)”可知，本段主要讨论了成长型心态的特征。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. (成长心态是一种心态，它认为能力和智力可以通过投入、努力、学习和坚持来发展。)”第三段中“In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed. (与此相反，固定型心态的特点是相信你的能力、智力和天赋是固定的特征，不能改变。)”可知，作者利用对比的方式比较了两种不同心态的差异。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love. (做你喜欢的事，在得到你喜欢的东西之前不要停止。)”可知，Debbie Millman建议, 做自己喜欢的事, 追求梦想，永不放弃。故选D项。
3.（2023·浙江·高三校联考阶段练习）
The debate of having siblings versus being an only child (or a singleton) has merits on either side. I believe that it is better to have siblings than none.
Having at least one sibling is beneficial to a child’s socio-emotional development. Through siblings, the child learns important life skills. The child takes on multiple roles such as playmate, friends and even rival and in the process, learns to share, compromise and resolve conflicts—from parental affection to toys, space or other resources. Thus, siblingship fosters the environment where children pick up invaluable skills that they can apply to workplaces, marriages and other interpersonal relationships in future. More importantly, having siblings is a help when it comes to parental care. Caring for sick elderly parents can be physically, mentally and financially exhausting. Having at least one sibling who can share the responsibilities would certainly go a long way. The only child, on the other hand, would have to shoulder this responsibility alone, or at best with a spouse (配偶) for support, and this can be overwhelming.
While some singletons may enjoy being the attention of parents and even grandparents, they also shoulder a heavier burden of being the only one in the spotlight, having no sibling to share it with. Parents of the singleton tend to hyper-focus all their energies on their one child. The glare are can get intense and discomforting. The singleton may find that being the focus of such excessive attention may be detrimental in the long run. Eventually, this child may lack the confidence and natural instincts to address real-world issues by himself or herself. Besides, there is the perception of the only child being spoilt.
The seeming privileges of being a singleton during childhood pale in comparison to the more substantial advantages of having siblings, especially during adulthood. The network of emotional, mental and material support that a sibling can potentially provide throughout their life is immeasurable.
9．What does the author mainly talk about
A．Benefits of having siblings. B．Changes of family structure.
C．Relationships between siblings. D．Advantages of being a singleton.
10．What merit of having siblings matters more according to paragraph 2
A．Life skills. B．Emotional support.
C．Self reliance. D．Parental care.
11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 3
A．Supportive B．Stressful.
C．Uncomfortable. D．Harmful.
12．How is the text developed
A．By stating reasons. B．By describing a scene.
C．By analyzing effects. D．By providing examples.
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了与独生子女相比，有兄弟姐妹的好处。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在第一段中的“I believe that it is better to have siblings than none.(我相信有兄弟姐妹总比没有好。)”提出自己的观点，然后在接下来的段落中陈述了有兄弟姐妹的各项好处。由此可知本文主要谈论了有兄弟姐妹的好处。故选项A正确。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“More importantly, having siblings is a help when it comes to parental care. (更重要的是，当涉及到照顾父母时，有兄弟姐妹是一种帮助。)”可知，有兄弟姐妹的一个更重要的优点在于照顾父母方面。故选项D正确。
11．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的一句“Eventually, this child may lack the confidence and natural instincts to address real-world issues by himself or herself.(最终，这个孩子可能缺乏自信和天生的本能，无法独自解决现实世界中的问题。)”可知，独生子女受到全家人的全部关注会使得这个孩子缺乏自信和天生的本能，无法独立解决问题，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“独生子女可能会发现，从长远来看，成为这种过度关注的焦点可能是有害的”，detrimental意为“有害的”，与harmful意思最接近。故选项D正确。
12．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在第一段中的“I believe that it is better to have siblings than none.(我相信有兄弟姐妹总比没有好。)”提出自己的观点：有兄弟姐妹有更多好处；第二段摆理由陈述有兄弟姐妹的好处；第三段通过独生子女所面临的问题进一步支持自己的观点；最后一段重申有兄弟姐妹的好处。由此可推测出，作者主要通过说理的方式组织文章。故选项A正确。
（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
Learning to drive is important to the independence of teenagers, but it is also a great responsibility. Although having a law that keeps 16-year-old drivers from having more than one teenager in the car with them at first seems unfair, there are convincing reasons for this requirement.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident. It also reports that 16-and-17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them. Fatal (致命的) crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengers. This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere, even if the law permits it.
A study at the National Institutes of Health indicates that the part of the human brain that controls judgment and evaluates the consequences of our actions might not be fully formed until the age of 25. Until this study, researchers had placed the age at 18. If this is true, it could explain the reckless (鲁莽的) behavior of many teens, behavior that often extends into their twenties. It also could be a strong reason for being cautious about the driving circumstances of young people.
This is not the only study that indicates such caution is necessary. One study at Temple University in Philadelphia examines the results of peer pressure in risky driving situations. The study, which uses a driving game, has an individual guide a car through a course, both alone and in the presence of friends. Three different age groups participated in the study: 13-16, 18-22, and 24 and older. Members of the oldest group showed caution whether driving alone or with friends present, but the two younger groups took more chances when they were with their friends. Furthermore, because these drivers were accustomed to the noise and distraction of many passengers, they were unable to see their own mistakes. Once again, this is a good indication that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea.
13．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2
A．Many deaths have occurred because of inexperience and overconfidence.
B．It’s reasonable to severely limit the passenger number of teen drivers.
C．New teen drivers have to ask permission before driving with friends.
D．There are many causes behind the teens’ driving accidents.
14．From the two studies, the author probably suggests that ________.
A．different age groups have different peer pressure
B．teenagers often give wrong judgments above passengers’ noise
C．underdeveloped brain makes teens ignore their mistakes
D．driving circumstances are bound up with the risk of accidents
15．We can infer that the law restriction can probably ________.
A．protect teens on the highway B．raise teens’ sense of responsibility
C．reduce the number of fatal crashes D．force teens to drive with caution
16．With which statement would the author most likely disagree
A．Some teenagers have risky behavior while driving.
B．Certain laws treat teenagers and adults differently.
C．We still need more studies on teen driving.
D．Driving is important to a teenager’s sense of independence.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了法律规定16岁的司机在车里不能有一个以上的青少年的必要性。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident. It also reports that 16-and-17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them. Fatal(致命的) crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengers. This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere, even if the law permits it.(公路安全保险协会报告说，青少年发生车祸的可能性是老年司机的四倍。报告还指出，16岁和17岁的司机如果有两个十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加一倍，如果有三个或更多十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加四倍。16岁司机的致命车祸涉及超速、司机失误和乘客数量的比例最高。这些信息足以让任何一个理性的人怀疑，即使法律允许，允许青少年新手驾驶一车朋友去任何地方是否明智。)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述的是16岁和17岁的司机如果有两个十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加一倍，如果有三个或更多十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加四倍。因此严格限制青少年司机的乘客数量是合理的。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It also could be a strong reason for being cautious about the driving circumstances of young people.(这也可能是对年轻人驾驶环境保持谨慎的一个强有力的理由。)”以及文章第四段“This is not the only study that indicates such caution is necessary.(这并不是唯一一项表明这种谨慎是必要的研究。)”可知，这两项研究表明驾驶环境与发生事故的危险密切相关。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident. It also reports that 16-and-17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them. Fatal(致命的) crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengers. (公路安全保险协会报告说，青少年发生车祸的可能性是老年司机的四倍。报告还指出，16岁和17岁的司机如果有两个十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加一倍，如果有三个或更多十几岁的朋友在车里，发生事故的可能性会增加四倍。16岁司机的致命车祸涉及超速、司机失误和乘客数量的比例最高。)”可推测，法律对于青少年司机车上的乘客数量的限制是为了保护青少年。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Once again, this is a good indication that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea.(再一次，这是一个很好的迹象，表明法律限制青少年的数量与年轻的司机是一个好主意。)”可知，作者认为法律限制青少年的数量与年轻的司机是一个好主意。由此可知，选项C“We still need more studies on teen driving.(我们还需要更多关于青少年驾驶的研究。)”是作者不能同意的说法。故选C。
5.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
My friend Fowkes, tells a story of a class he took. On the first day the professor marched up to the blackboard, looked through his notes, cleared his throat, and began. Fowkes was the only student in the course. Once Fowkes fell ill and missed a class. When he returned, to Fowkes’s astonishment, the professor began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after. Had he lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his only student It was perfectly possible. This story happened in 1930s, when books were short and expensive.
Today, professors continue to lecture and students to listen much as they did. It’s time for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.
Attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn. Most students learn best by engaging in debate. They need small discussion classes that demand a joint effort of teacher and students rather than classes in which one person, however learned, expresses his or her own ideas.
The lecture system harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. Questions that require the speaker to clarify unclear points and comments that challenge inadequately constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship. Without them, the liveliest mind becomes dull.
If lectures make so little sense, why have they been allowed to continue The truth is that lectures are easier on everyone than debates. Lectures give some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show. In a classroom where everyone contributes, students are less able to hide and professors have less room to show off how smart they are.
Worse still, the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students’ educational careers - during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, who are more academically independent and more capable of working on their own, they would be far less destructive of students’ interests and enthusiasms. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.
17．The author tells a story in Paragraph 1 to _________.
A．lead into the main argumentation
B．provide the historical background
C．show reasons of lecture absences
D．compare two different kinds of classes
18．What can we learn about the current lecture system
A．Students take passive part in small discussion classes.
B．The professors need more room to present their talents.
C．Lectures are mainly intended for junior and senior students.
D．It is far from beneficial for those academically inexperienced students.
19．The underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．common B．necessary
C．available D．abundant
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．College Lectures: Graduates or Undergraduates
B．College Lectures: Advantages and Disadvantages
C．College Lectures: Continue or Not
D．College Lectures: Today and Past
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学课堂中的讲座系统，认为这种教学方式已经过时，应该被更有效的方法所取代。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“This story happened in 1930s, when books were short and expensive.(这个故事发生在20世纪30年代，当时书籍又短又贵。)”以及文章第二段“Today, professors continue to lecture and students to listen much as they did. It’s time for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.(今天，教授们继续像以前一样讲课，学生们继续像以前一样倾听。我们是时候放弃讲课制度，转向真正有效的方法了。)”可知，文章第一段的故事是为了引导进入文章的主要论证，即改变授课制度的必要性。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn. Most students learn best by engaging in debate. They need small discussion classes that demand a joint effort of teacher and students rather than classes in which one person, however learned, expresses his or her own ideas. (听讲座是被动的学习，至少对于没有经验的听众来说是这样。主动学习，即学生写论文或做实验，然后由老师评估他们的工作，对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的人来说更有益。大多数学生通过参与辩论学得最好。他们需要的是需要师生共同努力的小讨论课，而不是一个人不管学到多少知识，都只表达自己想法的课。)”可推断，目前的听讲座学习方法对于没有学术经验的学生毫无益处。故选D。
19．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“Without them, the liveliest mind becomes dull.(没有它们，最活跃的头脑也会变得迟钝。)”可知，“them”是很必要的。而“them”指的正是划线单词所在句的主语“Questions that require the speaker to clarify unclear points and comments that challenge inadequately constructed arguments(要求讲话者澄清不清楚的观点的问题和挑战不充分构建论点的评论)”。由此可推断，划线单词指的是“必要的”。选项A“common (普通的)”；选项B“necessary (必要的)”；选项C“available (可获得的)”；选项D“abundant (丰富的)”。 故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. (听讲座是被动的学习，至少对于没有经验的听众来说是这样。)”、第四段“The lecture system harms professors as well.(授课制也伤害了教授。)”以及最后一段“Worse still, the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students’ educational careers - during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction.(更糟糕的是，这些讲座经常出现在学生教育生涯的错误阶段——在他们最需要近距离、甚至是单独指导的头两年。)”可知，讲座式授课方式存在许多缺陷，然而现在的大学还在继续使用这种授课方式，作者认为这种教学方式已经过时，应该被更有效的方法所取代。所以，C项“College Lectures: Continue or Not ”作为本文题目，与文章主题相符合。故选C。
6.（2023·江苏·高三华罗庚中学校考阶段练习）
We humans are in trouble. We have let loose a new evolutionary process that we don’t understand and can’t control.
The latest leaps forward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet people are responding as though AI is just one more scary new technology, like electricity or cars once were. We invented it, the argument goes, so we should be able to manage it for our own benefit. Not so. I believe that this situation is new and potentially dangerous.
My thinking starts from the assumption that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evolutionary algorithm (算法). This is the process in which some kind of information is copied many times, the copies vary slightly and only some are selected to be copied again. The information is called the replicator (复制者), and our most familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the only replicator, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. People copy habits, stories, and technologies; we change, recombine and pass them on in ever greater variety. This second replicator, evolving much faster than genes ever could, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为)—and they are selfish too.
As we face up to the recent explosion in AI, new questions arise. Could a third replicator appear if some object we made started copying, varying and selecting a new kind of information It could, and I believe it has. Our digital technology can copy, store and spread vast amounts of information accurately. While we had mostly been the ones selecting what to copy and share, now algorithms choose which ads we see. Once a digital replicator takes off, its products will evolve for its own benefit, not ours.
All is not lost, though. We already cope with fast-evolving viruses by using our immune systems and vaccines. Now, we need to build our collective mental immunity, our critical thinking and our ability to protect our attention from all that selfish information. Taking lessons from evolution, we can stop imagining we are the controllers of our accidentally dangerous offspring and start learning how to live with them.
21．As for people’s attitude toward AI, the author is .
A．disapproving B．unconcerned C．favorable D．tolerant
22．According to the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that .
A．memes are composed of selfish genes
B．memes and genes share a common feature
C．replicators vary with human interference
D．the speed of evolution is underestimated
23．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Technologies can be double-edged.
B．Collective efforts make a better world.
C．We should live in harmony with nature.
D．Past experience is relevant to future action.
24．What can we learn from the passage
A．The pace of technological progress is unstoppable.
B．The initiative of algorithm should be strengthened.
C．The new evolution can bring about negative effects.
D．The artificial intelligence can satisfy our real desires.
【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet people are responding as though AI is just one more scary new technology, like electricity or cars once were. We invented it, the argument goes, so we should be able to manage it for our own benefit. Not so. I believe that this situation is new and potentially dangerous. (然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“But genes aren’t the only replicator, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. People copy habits, stories, words, technologies and songs; we change, recombine and pass them on in ever greater variety. This second replicator, evolving much faster than genes ever could, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish too.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We already cope with fast-evolving parasites such as viruses by using our immune systems, machines and vaccines. Now, we need to build our collective mental immunity, our critical thinking and our ability to protect our attention from all that selfish information. Taking lessons from evolution, we can stop imagining we are the controllers of our accidentally dangerous offspring and start learning how to live with them. (我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关”。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We humans are in trouble. We have let loose a new evolutionary process that we don’t understand and can’t control. (我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“We invented it, the argument goes, so we should be able to manage it for our own benefit. Not so. I believe that this situation is new and potentially dangerous. (这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Once a digital replicator takes off, its products will evolve for its own benefit, not ours. (一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。
7.（2022·吉林长春·高三长春十一高校考阶段练习）
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize (可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子的) sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
25．What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery
A．It is creative. B．It can be accidental.
C．It allows failures. D．It is predictable.
26．Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells
A．To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B．To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C．To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D．To tell obvious differences between science and art.
27．What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies
A．They have little to do with the discoveries.
B．Their process should be more open to people.
C．They always present unchanged final results.
D．Their focus is not the process but the result.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了艺术创作和科学研究之间的关系。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process.(与“流行的观点”相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测的过程。)”可知，流行的观点认为科学发现是可预测的。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize (可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子的) sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.(“作为一名科学家，你使用不同的方法，但它同样是关于你如何将你对现实的理解和其中的联系形象化。这有时就像艺术一样视觉化，”Weijers说。一个例子是最近Weijers和他的同事，物理化学和软物质教授Joris Sprakel测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来可视化不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力。)”可知，作者通过提及植物细胞的例子来证明该段开头提到的理论：科学可以像艺术一样被视觉化。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”(Weijers说：“这通常会造成错误的印象，因为只展示了科学研究的结果，人们对导致发现的过程没有任何了解。作为一名科学家，如果你在几年后说某件事不同了，你就会受到怀疑。然后你就会被认为是不可靠的。但人们往往不太理解的是，科学没有最终结果。在未来的一段时间里，我们科学家所能做的就是为人们提供更多的机会来关注这一过程。就我个人而言，我认为与艺术的联系可以帮助人们关注过程，而不是结果。”)”可知，Weijers认为，应该给人们提供更多关注研究发现过程的机会，让人们更多的了解科学发现的过程。故选B。
8.（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·高三乌市八中校考阶段练习）
Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion. It’s easy to define and evaluate a man by his pursuit. Joseph Campbell once said, “Follow your dream and the universe will open doors where there are only walls.”
In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金) and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.
I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion. The earlier you realize this basic truth of life, the more clearly you’ll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value.
The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension. Its founder, Colonel Harland Sanders, didn’t realize this until he was given his first social security check of 105 dollars. But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value. Drawing inspiration from his mother’s special recipe for fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking” seasoning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejection, he managed to round up some investors and promote company’s rapid expansion to more than 6,000 locations. Sanders’ life pointed towards two facts about making a difference: one, there is no age that is too old to make a difference; two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion.
28．How does the author support his argument in Paragraph 2
A．By listing examples.
B．By including a quote.
C．By showing contrast.
D．By sharing his experience.
29．How did Sanders probably feel when offered his first social security check
A．Deeply moved. B．Internally motivated.
C．Greatly relieved. D．Pleasantly surprised.
30．What does the author intend to do
A．Give career guidance.
B．Advise us to pursue our passion.
C．Persuade us to get a well-paid job.
D．Secure our position.
31．What is the best title for this text
A．Following Your Dreams B．Working for Pension
C．To Work or Not to Work D．Passion or Pension
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比和引用肯德基创始人Sanders的故事阐明一个观点——真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于我们的激情。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Pensions (养老金) and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.（养老金和薪水阻碍了许多人追求卓越，而激情则开启了隐藏的潜力，使我们能够迎接挑战和机遇。工作帮助我们谋生，而激情使我们有所作为。）”可知，作者通过两个while对比稳定的工作及保障和激情对人们的不同影响来支撑自己的观点。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value.（但他决定，除了靠那微薄的养老金生活外，肯定还有别的事情可以为自己和其他人做。他决心投身于能给他带来影响和价值的事业。）”可知，当Sanders拿到第一份社会保障支票的时候，他想到的是为自己和别人做出别的事情，带来影响和价值。由此推知，他的内心受到了激励。故选B项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion.（我想真诚地帮助调整和澄清工人中被误导的信念，即工作是一种谋生手段。相反，它应该是激发我们激情的一种方式。）”可知，作者想要澄清把工作当作谋生手段的想法，认为工作是为了激发激情。由此推知，作者想建议我们追求激情。故选B项。
31．标题判断题。文章第一句“Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion.（真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于我们的激情。）”提出论点，然后通过对比稳定的工作及保障和激情对人们的不同影响，以及引用肯德基创始人Sanders的故事，进一步阐明和支撑论点，最后在文章结尾指出让人生变不同的两点建议。由此可知，作者认为相比于稳定的工作及保障，激情能让人实现价值，发挥影响。因此，D项“激情还是退休金？”符合文章争论的焦点，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
9.（2023·江苏·高三江苏省兴化中学校联考阶段练习）
With the development of AI technology, many people are debating the boundary between robot and man -- Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans By contrast, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand -- the intelligent distribution system. “In order to make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think; they just have to follow the guide of the system to fulfill their tasks. All they have to do is riding as fast as they can. The navigation system charts the “best route” for these riders to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road, which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up appropriately. This is really a vicious circle.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
32．According to the passage, what can we learn about the application of technology
A．Robots have become more intelligent and taken the place of humans.
B．AI technology is accelerating takeout riders with navigation system.
C．The navigation system has mapped out the perfect route for these riders.
D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather.
33．What does the sentence “It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.” imply
A．A cartoon character accompanies every takeout rider when they perform their tasks.
B．Takeout riders only see a moving cartoon when they use the phone navigation system.
C．The navigation system ignores the real-time environment when it charts the “best routes”.
D．Takeout riders can’t be seen on the software interface when they navigate with their phone.
34．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology
A．Supportive B．Doubtful C．Negative D．Cautious
35．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To call for kind application of technology in daily life
B．To introduce the rapid development of Takeout industry
C．To explain the relationship between technology and humans
D．To praise the contributions of technology to Takeout industry
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过智能分配系统对外卖骑手的控制表明，数据作为一种工具应该服务于人，而不是奴役人。科技在不断进步，但它应该朝着善良的方向发展。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“The navigation system charts the “best route” for these riders to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road，which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time.”（导航系统为这些骑手绘制出“最佳路线”，让他们通过立交桥、穿过围栏，甚至走错路，当然，这保证了最短的交货时间。）可知，人工智能技术通过导航系统加快了外卖的速度。故选B项。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.”（骑手的身体状况和天气对“智能分配系统”完全不可见。它只能在软件界面上看到一个移动的卡通图像。）推知，划线句子表明导航系统在绘制“最佳路线”时忽略了骑手身体状况，天气等客观因素。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up appropriately. This is really a vicious circle.”（当每个人都变得越来越快时，算法会适当地加快他们的速度。这真是一个恶性循环。）及第四段最后两句“Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.”（算法可能很冷酷，但人类不是。数据作为一种工具，应该服务于人，而不是奴役人。科技在不断进步，但它也应该朝着善良的方向发展。）可知，数据作为一种工具，应该服务于人，而不是奴役人，科技在不断进步，它应该朝着正确的方向发展，而不是加剧恶性循环。由此推知，我们应对科技的发展持谨慎的态度。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一句最后一句“Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.”（科技在不断进步，但它也应该朝着善良的方向发展。）并结合文章智能导航系统对外卖骑手的操控可知，本文的目的在于引起大家对于科技使用带来的弊端的重视，呼吁科技在日常生活中的良性应用。故选A项。
10.（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet morning in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a rather loud chat. Suddenly, a patron (常客) marched up to us, gave us an annoyed “Shush!” and went back to her seat. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a patron! Shouldn’t it be the other way around
Well, it’s complicated. If you’re like me, a middle-aged woman, you probably remember libraries as places of silent reading. These days, however, libraries are more like active community centers.
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
Along with more programs for ever-younger children, technology today has played a part in the transformation of libraries into places where both kids and adults can use computers, make something on a 3D printer and more. In addition, many libraries now offer programs for adults, who can participate in in book discussion, learn calligraphy, and even take college classes.
Of course, libraries still need peaceful phones. These days, many libraries have glassed-off study rooms or quiet areas. They are also less noisy in the early afternoons, after morning children’s programs and before the after-school kid crowd arrive.
It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our “library voices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening.
36．How did the author respond to the patron’s behavior
A．She approved of it. B．She was disappointed at it.
C．She hesitated about it. D．She was astonished at it.
37．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The past and the present of libraries. B．The reason for the change of libraries.
C．The activities for young children in libraries. D．The connection between libraries and readers.
38．What can we learn about today’s libraries
A．They heavily depend on technology. B．They offer online programs for adults.
C．They still provide silent reading places. D．They care much about time arrangement.
39．What would be the best title for the text
A．Libraries Should be Loud B．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning Happen D．Library Programs Target Children
【答案】36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就现在图书馆提出自己观点——图书馆应是一个热闹的地方。
36．细节理解题。由文章第一段“It was a quiet morning in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a rather loud chat. Suddenly, a patron (常客) marched up to us, gave us an annoyed ‘Shush!’ and went back to her seat. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a patron! Shouldn’t it be the other way around (那是图书馆里一个安静的早晨，我们图书管理员正在享受着一段相当大声的聊天。突然，一位常客走到我们面前，生气地对我们说了一声‘嘘！’，然后回到她的座位上。一群图书管理员被一位常客嘘了，这真奇怪！不是应该反过来吗？)”可知，作者对常客的行为感觉很吃惊。故选D项。
37．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。由文章第五段“These days, many libraries have glassed-off study rooms or quiet areas. They are also less noisy in the early afternoons, after morning children’s programs and before the after-school kid crowd arrive. (如今，许多图书馆都用玻璃隔开了自习室或安静的区域。他们在下午早些时候、上午的儿童节目之后和放学后的孩子们到来之前也不那么吵了。)”可知，今天的图书馆仍然提供安静的阅读场所。故选C项。
39．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our ‘library voices’ as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening. (现在我很清楚，在我和同事们被一位常客嘘的那天，我们应该在交谈时使用我们的‘图书馆声音’。尽管如此，图书馆不太可能再回到沉寂的时代。有太多的乐趣和学习正在发生。)”以及上文可知，本文主要讲图书馆不应该一如既往是一个安静的地方，而应该变得热闹起来。故选A项。
11.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in a restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I’m afraid it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli (刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screens, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.
40．What did Willow and Luca fight about
A．iPads. B．Little things.
C．Delicious food. D．Interesting things.
41．According to Dr. Small, what should parents do
A．Provide their children with various technologies.
B．Teach their children communication skills.
C．Talk to their children at the dinner table.
D．Limit their children’s screen time.
42．What is Sherry Turkle worried
A．Children are afraid of taking risks.
B．Children try to escape from the real world.
C．Children can’t live without electronic devices.
D．Children can’t deal with companion-less situations.
43．What is the purpose of this text
A．To tell a true story. B．To discuss a phenomenon.
C．To give practical suggestions. D．To compare different opinions.
【答案】40．B 41．D 42．D 43．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要提出了一个话题，用iPad让孩子们安静下来似乎很有效，但是这样做对吗？最终得出结论，要让孩子互动，而不是为了安静而给他们电子产品，如果不教育孩子成为一个独立的人，他们只会变得更加孤单。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped.”（争论——关于叉子的问题，或者谁的杯子里有更多的水——从未停止过。）可知，薇罗和卢卡为一些小事争吵。故选B项。
41．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.”（如果人们在一种技术上花太多时间，而与父母等人在餐桌上交流的时间较少，可能会阻碍某些沟通技巧的发展。）可推知，斯莫尔博士认为，父母应该限制孩子看屏幕的时间。故选D项。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk.”（她担心，如果孩子们没有学会真正的互动，而互动往往是有缺陷的，他们将会认识到一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。）可推知，雪莉·特克尔担心孩子们无法应付没有同伴的情况。故选D项。
43．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.”（她担心，如果孩子们没有学会真正的互动，而互动往往是有缺陷的，他们将会认识到一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。然而，他们需要能够聚集自己，知道他们是谁。所以有一天他们可以和另一个人建立关系，而不会因为孤独而感到恐慌。“如果你不教会你的孩子独处，他们只会知道如何孤独，”她说。）可知，文章主要提出了一个话题，用iPad让孩子们安静下来似乎很有效，但是这样做对吗？最终得出结论，要让孩子互动，而不是为了安静而给他们电子产品，如果不教育孩子成为一个独立的人，他们只会变得更加孤单。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是讨论一种现象。故选B项。
12.（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）
If you have a car, you most likely have been feeling pain at the pump. At the time of writing, a gallon of gas in Lafayette County costs $3.94, with the national average even higher at $4.24. These are the most expensive gas prices in history. The White House has regarded this rise in prices as “Putin’s Price Hike”, but how much is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine really to blame
The White House’s claim could be believable if gas prices had not already been way above normal before Russian soldiers ever set foot in Ukraine. In fact, Biden told the Federal Trade Commission to investigate high gas prices back in November 2021, long before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
For many Americans, gas prices are the limiting factor in how much food is on the dinner table, because nearly all goods need gas to be transported. Egg prices are up 13.1%, pork has risen 14.1% and chicken rose 10.3% over the past year. In February, as a result of the climbing gas prices and other factors, such as the supply chain crisis, the Consumer Price Index, which tracks average inflation (通胀), rose another 0.8%, which can have terrible impacts for low-income families. This was a trend before the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and blaming it on Putin is shying away from the real problem of 40-year high inflation.
While Americans are struggling to pay for things that just a few years ago would be affordable, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg had a tone-deaf solution. If you cannot afford gas, just get an electric vehicle. Easy, right An electric car costs tens of thousands of dollars, and when people cannot even afford a tank of gas, they will surely not be able to afford a brand new car.
President Biden has said he “can’t do much” about high gas prices and inflation, but that is not true. We do not need to rely on Russian oil to keep prices low. The answer is for President Biden to increase United States oil production to offset any lost oil imports from Russia.
44．What can we learn about the gas prices
A．They remained normal before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
B．They rose mainly because Russia decided to export less oil.
C．They climbed to the highest in history for uncertain reasons.
D．They went up suddenly because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
45．What does the author think of Pete Buttigieg’s suggestion
A．Reasonable. B．Senseless. C．Practical. D．Funny.
46．Which can replace the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph
A．Give rise to. B．Launch an attack on.
C．Get rid of. D．Make up for.
47．Which serves as the best title for the passage
A．Gas prices are Biden’s fault, not Putin’s
B．High gas prices hit Americans really hard
C．The truth behind an abnormal phenomenon
D．Time to take measures to keep gas prices down
【答案】44．C 45．B 46．D 47．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了美国汽油价格创下历史新高，随之通货膨胀也加剧，白宫将这些问题归咎于俄乌冲突，但作者并不这么认为，因为这些问题在俄乌冲突之前已经出现，解决问题的方法在于增加美国的石油产量。
44．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These are the most expensive gas prices in history. (这是历史上最高的油价)”和第二段中“In fact, Biden told the Federal Trade Commission to investigate high gas prices back in November 2021, long before the Russia-Ukraine conflict. (事实上，拜登早在2021年11月就要求联邦贸易委员会调查高油价，早在俄乌冲突爆发之前)”可知，汽油价格创下历史新高，其原因还在调查中，目前尚不清楚。故选C项。
45．推理判断题。根据第四段中“An electric car costs tens of thousands of dollars, and when people cannot even afford a tank of gas, they will surely not be able to afford a brand new car. (一辆电动汽车要花费数万美元，当人们连一箱汽油都买不起的时候，他们肯定也买不起一辆全新的汽车)”可知，买不起一箱汽油的人是不可能买得起一辆电动汽车的。由此可知，作者反对Pete Buttigieg的建议，认为他的建议没有道理。故选B项。
46．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“We do not need to rely on Russian oil to keep prices low. The answer is for President Biden to increase United States oil production (我们不需要依靠俄罗斯的石油来维持低油价。对拜登总统来说，答案是增加美国的石油产量)”和下文“any lost oil imports from Russia (任何减少的从俄罗斯进口的石油)”可知，作者认为解决问题的答案是增加美国的石油产量，不依赖俄罗斯的石油。由此推知，增加本国的石油产量是为了抵消减少的从俄罗斯进口的石油量，offset意思应该是“抵消”，与make up for意思相近。故选D项。
47．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The White House has regarded this rise in prices as “Putin’s Price Hike”, but how much is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine really to blame (白宫将此次油价上涨视为“普京导致的价格上涨”，但俄乌冲突在多大程度上应该对此负责呢)”和最后一段中“President Biden has said he “can’t do much” about high gas prices and inflation, but that is not true. (拜登总统曾表示，他对高油价和通货膨胀“无能为力”，但事实并非如此)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国汽油价格创下历史新高，随之通货膨胀也加剧，白宫将这些问题归咎于俄乌冲突，但作者并不这么认为。因此，A项“油价上涨是拜登的错，不是普京的错”符合文章大意，抓住了核心观点，适合作为标题。故选A项。易错点纠错练04 阅读理解：议论文易错练
名校阅读理解议论文易错题通关练
1.（2023·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考期中）
If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do—at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.
The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play.
Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing art—the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments—I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city and found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.
If you are among the people who feel that art is pure pleasure to experience and participate in, you might see it as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat art less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave art into your everyday life.
1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts
A．Shortage of time. B．Avoidance of duty.
C．Lack of interest. D．Art space inaccessibility.
2．What can we learn about the role of art according to the passage
A．It explores mysteries of life. B．It sparks emotional responses.
C．It enhances physical well-being. D．It offers a getaway from daily life.
3．What will be talked about next in the passage
A．Ways to integrate art into routine. B．Barriers to combine art and life.
C．Forms of distracting pleasures. D．Benefits of engaging with art.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Art Journey: Refreshing Soul
B．Art Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full
C．Embracing Art: From Luxury to Necessity
D．Connecting with Art: From Reality to Fantasy
2.（2024·河北邯郸·统考二模）
What you believe in has a magic way of shaping your reality. The concept of “you can become what you believe” is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset (心态) on your journey through life. At the heart of this idea lies the distinction between two fundamental mindsets: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve. Effort is seen as a path to mastery, and setbacks are viewed as stepping stones on the journey to success. Criticism is taken constructively as a chance to improve skills, and the success of others serves as inspiration and a blueprint for one’s own progress.
In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed. People with a fixed mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure might reveal their limitations. They avoid pushing themselves because they see it as a sign of their weakness. Criticism is frequently interpreted as a personal attack, and envy or anger can be stirred up by others’ achievement. In nature, a fixed mindset limits individuals to their current abilities and limits their potential for growth.
The power of a growth mindset lies in its capacity to drive positive change. By believing in the potential for growth and improvement, individuals open themselves to a world of possibilities. “If you imagine less, less will be what you, undoubtedly deserve. Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love. Work as hard as you can, and think big, “Debbie Millman, a writer, designer, educator, artist and brand consultant said.
5．What is the author’s argument
A．People’s mindsets are diverse. B．One’s heart affects one’s mindset.
C．Mindset determines what one can be. D．Mindset depends on one’s character.
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the growth mindset
A．Its limitation. B．Its possibility.
C．Its disadvantages, D．Its characteristics.
7．What way does the author use to illustrate the two different mindsets
A．Giving examples. B．Making comparisons.
C．Conducting analysis. D．Quoting famous sayings.
8．What might be Debbie Millman’s suggestion
A．Think carefully before you act. B．Imagine less and practice more.
C．Stay true to yourself and never change. D．Pursue your dreams and never give up.
3.（2023·浙江·高三校联考阶段练习）
The debate of having siblings versus being an only child (or a singleton) has merits on either side. I believe that it is better to have siblings than none.
Having at least one sibling is beneficial to a child’s socio-emotional development. Through siblings, the child learns important life skills. The child takes on multiple roles such as playmate, friends and even rival and in the process, learns to share, compromise and resolve conflicts—from parental affection to toys, space or other resources. Thus, siblingship fosters the environment where children pick up invaluable skills that they can apply to workplaces, marriages and other interpersonal relationships in future. More importantly, having siblings is a help when it comes to parental care. Caring for sick elderly parents can be physically, mentally and financially exhausting. Having at least one sibling who can share the responsibilities would certainly go a long way. The only child, on the other hand, would have to shoulder this responsibility alone, or at best with a spouse (配偶) for support, and this can be overwhelming.
While some singletons may enjoy being the attention of parents and even grandparents, they also shoulder a heavier burden of being the only one in the spotlight, having no sibling to share it with. Parents of the singleton tend to hyper-focus all their energies on their one child. The glare are can get intense and discomforting. The singleton may find that being the focus of such excessive attention may be detrimental in the long run. Eventually, this child may lack the confidence and natural instincts to address real-world issues by himself or herself. Besides, there is the perception of the only child being spoilt.
The seeming privileges of being a singleton during childhood pale in comparison to the more substantial advantages of having siblings, especially during adulthood. The network of emotional, mental and material support that a sibling can potentially provide throughout their life is immeasurable.
9．What does the author mainly talk about
A．Benefits of having siblings. B．Changes of family structure.
C．Relationships between siblings. D．Advantages of being a singleton.
10．What merit of having siblings matters more according to paragraph 2
A．Life skills. B．Emotional support.
C．Self reliance. D．Parental care.
11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 3
A．Supportive B．Stressful.
C．Uncomfortable. D．Harmful.
12．How is the text developed
A．By stating reasons. B．By describing a scene.
C．By analyzing effects. D．By providing examples.
（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
Learning to drive is important to the independence of teenagers, but it is also a great responsibility. Although having a law that keeps 16-year-old drivers from having more than one teenager in the car with them at first seems unfair, there are convincing reasons for this requirement.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident. It also reports that 16-and-17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them. Fatal (致命的) crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengers. This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere, even if the law permits it.
A study at the National Institutes of Health indicates that the part of the human brain that controls judgment and evaluates the consequences of our actions might not be fully formed until the age of 25. Until this study, researchers had placed the age at 18. If this is true, it could explain the reckless (鲁莽的) behavior of many teens, behavior that often extends into their twenties. It also could be a strong reason for being cautious about the driving circumstances of young people.
This is not the only study that indicates such caution is necessary. One study at Temple University in Philadelphia examines the results of peer pressure in risky driving situations. The study, which uses a driving game, has an individual guide a car through a course, both alone and in the presence of friends. Three different age groups participated in the study: 13-16, 18-22, and 24 and older. Members of the oldest group showed caution whether driving alone or with friends present, but the two younger groups took more chances when they were with their friends. Furthermore, because these drivers were accustomed to the noise and distraction of many passengers, they were unable to see their own mistakes. Once again, this is a good indication that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea.
13．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2
A．Many deaths have occurred because of inexperience and overconfidence.
B．It’s reasonable to severely limit the passenger number of teen drivers.
C．New teen drivers have to ask permission before driving with friends.
D．There are many causes behind the teens’ driving accidents.
14．From the two studies, the author probably suggests that ________.
A．different age groups have different peer pressure
B．teenagers often give wrong judgments above passengers’ noise
C．underdeveloped brain makes teens ignore their mistakes
D．driving circumstances are bound up with the risk of accidents
15．We can infer that the law restriction can probably ________.
A．protect teens on the highway B．raise teens’ sense of responsibility
C．reduce the number of fatal crashes D．force teens to drive with caution
16．With which statement would the author most likely disagree
A．Some teenagers have risky behavior while driving.
B．Certain laws treat teenagers and adults differently.
C．We still need more studies on teen driving.
D．Driving is important to a teenager’s sense of independence.
5.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
My friend Fowkes, tells a story of a class he took. On the first day the professor marched up to the blackboard, looked through his notes, cleared his throat, and began. Fowkes was the only student in the course. Once Fowkes fell ill and missed a class. When he returned, to Fowkes’s astonishment, the professor began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after. Had he lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his only student It was perfectly possible. This story happened in 1930s, when books were short and expensive.
Today, professors continue to lecture and students to listen much as they did. It’s time for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.
Attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn. Most students learn best by engaging in debate. They need small discussion classes that demand a joint effort of teacher and students rather than classes in which one person, however learned, expresses his or her own ideas.
The lecture system harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. Questions that require the speaker to clarify unclear points and comments that challenge inadequately constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship. Without them, the liveliest mind becomes dull.
If lectures make so little sense, why have they been allowed to continue The truth is that lectures are easier on everyone than debates. Lectures give some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show. In a classroom where everyone contributes, students are less able to hide and professors have less room to show off how smart they are.
Worse still, the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students’ educational careers - during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, who are more academically independent and more capable of working on their own, they would be far less destructive of students’ interests and enthusiasms. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.
17．The author tells a story in Paragraph 1 to _________.
A．lead into the main argumentation
B．provide the historical background
C．show reasons of lecture absences
D．compare two different kinds of classes
18．What can we learn about the current lecture system
A．Students take passive part in small discussion classes.
B．The professors need more room to present their talents.
C．Lectures are mainly intended for junior and senior students.
D．It is far from beneficial for those academically inexperienced students.
19．The underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．common B．necessary
C．available D．abundant
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．College Lectures: Graduates or Undergraduates
B．College Lectures: Advantages and Disadvantages
C．College Lectures: Continue or Not
D．College Lectures: Today and Past
6.（2023·江苏·高三华罗庚中学校考阶段练习）
We humans are in trouble. We have let loose a new evolutionary process that we don’t understand and can’t control.
The latest leaps forward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet people are responding as though AI is just one more scary new technology, like electricity or cars once were. We invented it, the argument goes, so we should be able to manage it for our own benefit. Not so. I believe that this situation is new and potentially dangerous.
My thinking starts from the assumption that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evolutionary algorithm (算法). This is the process in which some kind of information is copied many times, the copies vary slightly and only some are selected to be copied again. The information is called the replicator (复制者), and our most familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the only replicator, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. People copy habits, stories, and technologies; we change, recombine and pass them on in ever greater variety. This second replicator, evolving much faster than genes ever could, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为)—and they are selfish too.
As we face up to the recent explosion in AI, new questions arise. Could a third replicator appear if some object we made started copying, varying and selecting a new kind of information It could, and I believe it has. Our digital technology can copy, store and spread vast amounts of information accurately. While we had mostly been the ones selecting what to copy and share, now algorithms choose which ads we see. Once a digital replicator takes off, its products will evolve for its own benefit, not ours.
All is not lost, though. We already cope with fast-evolving viruses by using our immune systems and vaccines. Now, we need to build our collective mental immunity, our critical thinking and our ability to protect our attention from all that selfish information. Taking lessons from evolution, we can stop imagining we are the controllers of our accidentally dangerous offspring and start learning how to live with them.
21．As for people’s attitude toward AI, the author is .
A．disapproving B．unconcerned C．favorable D．tolerant
22．According to the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that .
A．memes are composed of selfish genes
B．memes and genes share a common feature
C．replicators vary with human interference
D．the speed of evolution is underestimated
23．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Technologies can be double-edged.
B．Collective efforts make a better world.
C．We should live in harmony with nature.
D．Past experience is relevant to future action.
24．What can we learn from the passage
A．The pace of technological progress is unstoppable.
B．The initiative of algorithm should be strengthened.
C．The new evolution can bring about negative effects.
D．The artificial intelligence can satisfy our real desires.
7.（2022·吉林长春·高三长春十一高校考阶段练习）
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize (可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子的) sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
25．What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery
A．It is creative. B．It can be accidental.
C．It allows failures. D．It is predictable.
26．Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells
A．To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B．To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C．To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D．To tell obvious differences between science and art.
27．What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies
A．They have little to do with the discoveries.
B．Their process should be more open to people.
C．They always present unchanged final results.
D．Their focus is not the process but the result.
8.（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·高三乌市八中校考阶段练习）
Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion. It’s easy to define and evaluate a man by his pursuit. Joseph Campbell once said, “Follow your dream and the universe will open doors where there are only walls.”
In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金) and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.
I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion. The earlier you realize this basic truth of life, the more clearly you’ll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value.
The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension. Its founder, Colonel Harland Sanders, didn’t realize this until he was given his first social security check of 105 dollars. But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value. Drawing inspiration from his mother’s special recipe for fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking” seasoning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejection, he managed to round up some investors and promote company’s rapid expansion to more than 6,000 locations. Sanders’ life pointed towards two facts about making a difference: one, there is no age that is too old to make a difference; two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion.
28．How does the author support his argument in Paragraph 2
A．By listing examples.
B．By including a quote.
C．By showing contrast.
D．By sharing his experience.
29．How did Sanders probably feel when offered his first social security check
A．Deeply moved. B．Internally motivated.
C．Greatly relieved. D．Pleasantly surprised.
30．What does the author intend to do
A．Give career guidance.
B．Advise us to pursue our passion.
C．Persuade us to get a well-paid job.
D．Secure our position.
31．What is the best title for this text
A．Following Your Dreams B．Working for Pension
C．To Work or Not to Work D．Passion or Pension
9.（2023·江苏·高三江苏省兴化中学校联考阶段练习）
With the development of AI technology, many people are debating the boundary between robot and man -- Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans By contrast, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand -- the intelligent distribution system. “In order to make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think; they just have to follow the guide of the system to fulfill their tasks. All they have to do is riding as fast as they can. The navigation system charts the “best route” for these riders to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road, which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up appropriately. This is really a vicious circle.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
32．According to the passage, what can we learn about the application of technology
A．Robots have become more intelligent and taken the place of humans.
B．AI technology is accelerating takeout riders with navigation system.
C．The navigation system has mapped out the perfect route for these riders.
D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather.
33．What does the sentence “It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.” imply
A．A cartoon character accompanies every takeout rider when they perform their tasks.
B．Takeout riders only see a moving cartoon when they use the phone navigation system.
C．The navigation system ignores the real-time environment when it charts the “best routes”.
D．Takeout riders can’t be seen on the software interface when they navigate with their phone.
34．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology
A．Supportive B．Doubtful C．Negative D．Cautious
35．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To call for kind application of technology in daily life
B．To introduce the rapid development of Takeout industry
C．To explain the relationship between technology and humans
D．To praise the contributions of technology to Takeout industry
10.（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet morning in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a rather loud chat. Suddenly, a patron (常客) marched up to us, gave us an annoyed “Shush!” and went back to her seat. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a patron! Shouldn’t it be the other way around
Well, it’s complicated. If you’re like me, a middle-aged woman, you probably remember libraries as places of silent reading. These days, however, libraries are more like active community centers.
In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
Along with more programs for ever-younger children, technology today has played a part in the transformation of libraries into places where both kids and adults can use computers, make something on a 3D printer and more. In addition, many libraries now offer programs for adults, who can participate in in book discussion, learn calligraphy, and even take college classes.
Of course, libraries still need peaceful phones. These days, many libraries have glassed-off study rooms or quiet areas. They are also less noisy in the early afternoons, after morning children’s programs and before the after-school kid crowd arrive.
It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a patron, we should have been using our “library voices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening.
36．How did the author respond to the patron’s behavior
A．She approved of it. B．She was disappointed at it.
C．She hesitated about it. D．She was astonished at it.
37．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The past and the present of libraries. B．The reason for the change of libraries.
C．The activities for young children in libraries. D．The connection between libraries and readers.
38．What can we learn about today’s libraries
A．They heavily depend on technology. B．They offer online programs for adults.
C．They still provide silent reading places. D．They care much about time arrangement.
39．What would be the best title for the text
A．Libraries Should be Loud B．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning Happen D．Library Programs Target Children
11.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in a restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I’m afraid it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli (刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screens, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.
40．What did Willow and Luca fight about
A．iPads. B．Little things.
C．Delicious food. D．Interesting things.
41．According to Dr. Small, what should parents do
A．Provide their children with various technologies.
B．Teach their children communication skills.
C．Talk to their children at the dinner table.
D．Limit their children’s screen time.
42．What is Sherry Turkle worried
A．Children are afraid of taking risks.
B．Children try to escape from the real world.
C．Children can’t live without electronic devices.
D．Children can’t deal with companion-less situations.
43．What is the purpose of this text
A．To tell a true story. B．To discuss a phenomenon.
C．To give practical suggestions. D．To compare different opinions.
12.（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）
If you have a car, you most likely have been feeling pain at the pump. At the time of writing, a gallon of gas in Lafayette County costs $3.94, with the national average even higher at $4.24. These are the most expensive gas prices in history. The White House has regarded this rise in prices as “Putin’s Price Hike”, but how much is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine really to blame
The White House’s claim could be believable if gas prices had not already been way above normal before Russian soldiers ever set foot in Ukraine. In fact, Biden told the Federal Trade Commission to investigate high gas prices back in November 2021, long before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
For many Americans, gas prices are the limiting factor in how much food is on the dinner table, because nearly all goods need gas to be transported. Egg prices are up 13.1%, pork has risen 14.1% and chicken rose 10.3% over the past year. In February, as a result of the climbing gas prices and other factors, such as the supply chain crisis, the Consumer Price Index, which tracks average inflation (通胀), rose another 0.8%, which can have terrible impacts for low-income families. This was a trend before the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and blaming it on Putin is shying away from the real problem of 40-year high inflation.
While Americans are struggling to pay for things that just a few years ago would be affordable, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg had a tone-deaf solution. If you cannot afford gas, just get an electric vehicle. Easy, right An electric car costs tens of thousands of dollars, and when people cannot even afford a tank of gas, they will surely not be able to afford a brand new car.
President Biden has said he “can’t do much” about high gas prices and inflation, but that is not true. We do not need to rely on Russian oil to keep prices low. The answer is for President Biden to increase United States oil production to offset any lost oil imports from Russia.
44．What can we learn about the gas prices
A．They remained normal before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
B．They rose mainly because Russia decided to export less oil.
C．They climbed to the highest in history for uncertain reasons.
D．They went up suddenly because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
45．What does the author think of Pete Buttigieg’s suggestion
A．Reasonable. B．Senseless. C．Practical. D．Funny.
46．Which can replace the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph
A．Give rise to. B．Launch an attack on.
C．Get rid of. D．Make up for.
47．Which serves as the best title for the passage
A．Gas prices are Biden’s fault, not Putin’s
B．High gas prices hit Americans really hard
C．The truth behind an abnormal phenomenon
D．Time to take measures to keep gas prices down
