2023-2024学年度第二学期高一英语开学考
一、阅读理解（每小题2. 5分，共37. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the field of education technology, some apps might be getting too smart. There are more and more apps providing help for students.
PhotoMath
The new, seemingly magic app allows users to take pictures of a math problem, and then receive a step-by-step solution. It is now the number one free app on the App Store. A PhotoMath spokeswoman says educators have welcomed the app with positive reviews, but the software causes a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement. Why It is because students can use it to cheat when doing their math homework.
iHomework
Whether you’re a high school student or a college student, there’s one thing you’ve got for sure: a lot of homework. iHomework can help you keep track of all your homework. It can help you arrange it in a particular order according to types, or based on deadlines.
Homework Helper
Chinese Internet search company Baidu has launched an app called Homework Helper with which students can get answers to homework. Users post a picture or type their homework questions onto online forum (论坛), and those who answer the questions can win e-coins that can be used to buy devices like laptops. The app has logged 5 million downloads, much to the concern of many parents who argue that the students spend less time thinking about challenging problems.
WolframAlpha
WolframAlpha is similar to PhotoMath, but it focuses on older students studying high levels of math and doesn’t support photos. The service also produces step-by-step solutions to advanced topics, making it a popular tool for college students.
1. What is the public’s worry about the app PhotoMath
A. It can’t recognize pictures.
B. It doesn’t provide a step-by-step solution.
C. It makes cheating at homework more likely to happen.
D. It encourages students to use smart phones more frequently.
2. What can we learn about Homework Helper
A. It is thought highly of by teachers.
B. It is unpopular among Chinese students.
C. Many parents think it harmful to children’s study.
D. Answering questions on the app wastes students’ time.
3. Which app is the best choice if you want to deal with advanced math problems
A. PhotoMath. B. iHomework. C. Homework Helper. D. WolframAlpha.
B
My first visit to Angkor Wat (吴哥窟) was in 1980. The country had been at war for many years and the temple was deserted and falling to pieces. Plants were growing out of the roofs, and trees were growing in the yards.
Today the temple is the scene of a busy repair program. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women, who are cleaning, repairing and rebuilding parts of this temple.
As I walked through the yards, I noticed the Cambodian women devote hours to cleaning carefully a tiny area of stone. Boards are laid down to protect the precious painted stones while the repair work is going on. There are very few machines and little heavy equipment. Workers carry building materials in buckets at the end of long poles. Piles of stones lie in a corner of the yard, waiting to be replaced.
The work of cleaning the stones is watched over by three Indian chemists. It is a very slow task. First they clean the stones with brushes using buckets of a weak chemical. Then gaps between the stones are filled in. Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water forever.
Work starts every day at 7 am and goes on until late afternoon six days a week, with a break at midday.
Evening is the best time to visit the temple, after the tour groups have left. As the sun sinks lower, shadows spread across the yard. After sunset, the sky turns pink. The grey stone towers take on a golden color before turning pink. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.
4. According to the author, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in the repair work
A. The women workers.
B. The Indian workers.
C. Machines.
D. Skilled workers.
5. The underlined sentence “the temple was deserted” probably means that ________.
A. there was no one in the temple and it was in a poor state
B. the temple was built on a desert and nobody noticed it
C. the temple was very old with a long history
D. the temple was repaired by the Cambodians, most of whom were women
6. To clean the stone, how many steps should be followed
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
7. Which work needs a lot of time to do
A. To get rid of certain types of plants.
B. To carry the building materials.
C. To replace the stones.
D. To clean the stones.
C
You can improve learning by handwriting your class notes. Although computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. These are findings of a new study.
As digital devices (数码设备) have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often suggested as a substitute (替代品) for early handwriting,” a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children. “Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey van der Meer, the new study’s leader. She believes that “young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time, learn to manage a keyboard. ”
Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard, the new findings show. This is because writing and printing involve complicated movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more “hooks” to hang your memories on, Audrey explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. In contrast, when we write, our brain needs to think about the shape of each letter. We also need to use our eyes to watch what shapes we’re writing. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape different letters. All of this uses and connects more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Audrey. So learning through only one form—digital—could be harmful, she worries. She also points out that taking notes by hand encourages “visual notetaking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked by boxes, arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”.
8. Why does keyboard activity come first for children’s early handwriting
A. It can train their hands.
B. It may be easier to operate.
C. It has been adopted by many schools.
D. It helps them adapt to the digital society.
9. What does paragraph 4 intend to show
A. The disadvantages of keyboards.
B. Handwriting turns on parts of the brain.
C. Keyboards require people to “think more”.
D. The relationships between the brain and hands.
10. What can be inferred from Audrey’s words in the last paragraph
A. We should learn in different ways.
B. Handwriting and drawing are similar.
C. We should challenge our brain to get smarter.
D. Handwriting can help remember new information.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Keyboards are not bad
B. How to read brain activity
C. Handwriting beats typing when taking notes
D. Differences between typing and handwriting
D
It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, french fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re a teenager.
“Junk food shapes teenager’s brains in ways that damage their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control bad behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s possibility of depression and anxiety.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own,about how poor food choices can impact teen’s brains.They found teens are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenagers’ brains are still developing the ability to assess bad possibilities and control actions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist ( 抵 制 ) that urge. However, this region is the last to mature (成熟) — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food reminder. Exercise also causes the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and strengthens connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.
12. According to the text, junk food does the greatest harm to .
A. Preschoolers B. Teenagers C. The middle-aged D. The elderly
13. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Junk food. B. The brain. C. The research. D. The ability.
14. What can be inferred from the text
A. Processed foods shouldn’t be allowed to produce.
B. Teenagers don’t understand the harm of junk food.
C. The prefrontal cortex can help us make wise decisions.
D. The prefrontal cortex develops fully in our late 20s.
15. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A Where do our impulses come from
B. Why should we fight against junk food
C. What is the best way to strengthen our body
D. How does exercise work against junk food
二、七选五（每小题2. 5分，共12. 5分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people wake up in the morning not knowing what to do. They go on with their day without having a plan. When the day is over, they find that they finished nothing. ___16___ If you do not plan your day, then you would take longer time to achieve your goals. Follow the guidelines below to learn how to plan your day effectively:
___17___ Many people spend their day responding to people’s needs instead of theirs, so at the end they end up responding to people’s needs instead of their needs. Make sure you plan your day the night before, so you know what you are going to do that day to help you get closer to your goals and desires.
Make a to-do list. Plan what you are going to do every single hour and make sure you prioritize your list with the most important goals first and the least important goals last. ___18___ Don’t waste your time with unimportant tasks.
Don’t forget to leave some time for yourself to think. You are going to work for 10 hours, for example, make sure you leave 2 hours for pondering and emergencies. ___19___ Did you finish everything you wanted to do Was your day beneficial
We all have the same twenty four hours every single day. Use every hour to do something beneficial for you and for your life. ___20___
A Plan your day the night before.
B. Think about your goals every night.
C. Talk with your friends about your plan.
D. Concentrate on the important routine tasks.
E. At the end of the day reassess how your day went.
F. Planning your day is the most important skill that you learn to achieve your goals.
G. Don’t let your day go by with doing nothing to help you improve the quality of your life.
三 完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school. The other kids began to notice that he was wearing the ___21___ black pants and white T—shirt day after day. Then Todd became the target of tease (戏弄) and ___22___. But there was nothing Todd could do. His mother simply couldn’t ___23___ to buy him new clothes.
Two of kids laughing at him were Antwan Garrett and Kristopher Graham, a pair of freshman football players. But over time, they realized that their ___24___ words felt like bullying (欺凌) and seemed to be slowly breaking Todd’s ___25___. Something finally clicked.
“I felt like I need to do something,” Graham said to Garrett. So they ___26___ a plan. They went home and ___27___ through drawers and closets. The next day at school, they met Todd and asked him to come into the hall. Todd was ___28___ about being out by the larger boys.
“He wasn’t smiling or anything but I thought this was going to make him smile,” Graham said. They apologized for laughing at him. They then handed Todd a big ___29___. Inside were clean shirts and ___30___, as well as a brand—new pair of Nike sneakers. And Todd got much more than the clothing. He no long sits ___31___ at lunch. Now he eats with his new ___32___, Garret and Graham.
“___33___ the day Garrett and Graham called me into the ___34___,” he said, “That was the ___35___ day of my entire life, basically.”
21. A. very B. small C. large D. loose
22. A. care B. stop C. laughter D. help
23. A. afford B. determine C. refuse D. promise
24. A. angry B. empty C. hurtful D. plain
25. A. record B. spirit C. rule D. silence
26. A. turned down B. gave up C. focused on D. thought of
27. A. searched B. passed C. swept D. broke
28. A. curious B. enthusiastic C. amazed D. anxious
29. A. coat B. document C. bag D. bottle
30. A. balls B. shorts C. books D. gifts
31. A. still B. straight C. alone D. aside
32. A. friends B. roommates C. teammates D. relatives
33. A. Making B. Recalling C. Taking D. Forgetting
34 A. school B. classroom C. store D. hall
35. A. last B. best C. worst D. first
四、用所给单词的适当形式填空（每空2分，共10分）
36. The____children went to bed early after the trip.（tire）(所给词的适当形式填空)
37. It is ________(disappoint) that he didn’t pass the exam. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38. I’m not ________(satisfy) with his interpretation of this sentence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39. So far I _____________ (make) quite a few friends here.
40. Look! The monkey ________ (climb) the tree. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、定语从句（每空3分，共15分）
用关系代词或关系副词填空。
41. The gentleman ________ you met yesterday proved to be a thief. (用适当的词填空)
42. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. （用适当的词填空）
43. Please take any seat ________ is free. (用适当词填空)
44. He has written a book ________ name I have forgotten. (用适当的词填空)
45. Do you remember the years ________ you lived in the countryside with your grandparents (用适当的词填空)
六、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zu Ti of the Jin Dynasty was a man who had with great ambition. When he was young, he had a good friend ___46___ (name) Liu Kun. They had such a deep friendship ___47___ they stayed together every day and got up at the same time every morning.
One day, when they were sleeping. Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing (鸡鸣) . He woke up Liu Kun and said, “How about ___48___ (get) up to play swords (剑) as soon as we heard the rooster crowing from now on ” Liu Kun was still ___49___ (sleep) . But he agreed with him ___50___ (joyful) . From then on, they got up and played swords once the rooster began crowing. They kept their word and never gave up no matter ___51___ cold in winter or hot in summer. Hard work ___52___ (pay) off. After a long period of hard study and training, they finally became the all-rounder. And they both did excellent jobs to their country.
The idiom “to rise with the rooster” teaches us that with ambition and hard work, ___53___ (succeed) is possible. When we can discover our shortcomings ___54___ time, it is not too late to try. But if you are not willing ____55____ (work) hard, you will not be able to achieve a career after all.
七、基础写作（15分）
56. 假定你是李华，你的英语朋友Peter来信向你询问如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写一封回信。
1.参加中文学习班；
2.看中文书刊，电视；
3.学唱中文歌曲；
4.交中国朋友。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024学年度第二学期高一英语开学考
一、阅读理解（每小题2. 5分，共37. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the field of education technology, some apps might be getting too smart. There are more and more apps providing help for students.
PhotoMath
The new, seemingly magic app allows users to take pictures of a math problem, and then receive a step-by-step solution. It is now the number one free app on the App Store. A PhotoMath spokeswoman says educators have welcomed the app with positive reviews, but the software causes a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement. Why It is because students can use it to cheat when doing their math homework.
iHomework
Whether you’re a high school student or a college student, there’s one thing you’ve got for sure: a lot of homework. iHomework can help you keep track of all your homework. It can help you arrange it in a particular order according to types, or based on deadlines.
Homework Helper
Chinese Internet search company Baidu has launched an app called Homework Helper with which students can get answers to homework. Users post a picture or type their homework questions onto online forum (论坛), and those who answer the questions can win e-coins that can be used to buy devices like laptops. The app has logged 5 million downloads, much to the concern of many parents who argue that the students spend less time thinking about challenging problems.
WolframAlpha
WolframAlpha is similar to PhotoMath, but it focuses on older students studying high levels of math and doesn’t support photos. The service also produces step-by-step solutions to advanced topics, making it a popular tool for college students.
1. What is the public’s worry about the app PhotoMath
A. It can’t recognize pictures.
B. It doesn’t provide a step-by-step solution.
C. It makes cheating at homework more likely to happen.
D. It encourages students to use smart phones more frequently.
2. What can we learn about Homework Helper
A. It is thought highly of by teachers.
B. It is unpopular among Chinese students.
C. Many parents think it harmful to children’s study.
D. Answering questions on the app wastes students’ time.
3. Which app is the best choice if you want to deal with advanced math problems
A. PhotoMath. B. iHomework. C. Homework Helper. D. WolframAlpha.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。在教育技术领域，一些应用程序可能变得过于智能了。有越来越多的应用程序为学生提供帮助。文章介绍了其中的几款应用程序。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It is because students can use it to cheat when doing their math homework.(这是因为学生在做数学作业时可以用它来作弊。)”可知，公众对PhotoMath应用程序的担忧是这使得在家庭作业中作弊更容易发生。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The app has logged 5 million downloads, much to the concern of many parents who argue that the students spend less time thinking about challenging problems.(这款应用下载量达到了500万次，这让许多家长感到担忧，他们认为学生们花在思考具有挑战性问题上的时间更少了。)”可知，许多家长认为家庭作业帮手对孩子的学习有害。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“WolframAlpha is similar to PhotoMath, but it focuses on older students studying high levels of math and doesn’t support photos.(WolframAlpha类似于PhotoMath，但它专注于学习高水平数学的高年级学生，不支持照片。)”可知，如果你想解决高等数学问题，WolframAlpha应用程序是最好的选择。故选D。
B
My first visit to Angkor Wat (吴哥窟) was in 1980. The country had been at war for many years and the temple was deserted and falling to pieces. Plants were growing out of the roofs, and trees were growing in the yards.
Today the temple is the scene of a busy repair program. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women, who are cleaning, repairing and rebuilding parts of this temple.
As I walked through the yards, I noticed the Cambodian women devote hours to cleaning carefully a tiny area of stone. Boards are laid down to protect the precious painted stones while the repair work is going on. There are very few machines and little heavy equipment. Workers carry building materials in buckets at the end of long poles. Piles of stones lie in a corner of the yard, waiting to be replaced.
The work of cleaning the stones is watched over by three Indian chemists. It is a very slow task. First they clean the stones with brushes using buckets of a weak chemical. Then gaps between the stones are filled in. Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water forever.
Work starts every day at 7 am and goes on until late afternoon six days a week, with a break at midday.
Evening is the best time to visit the temple, after the tour groups have left. As the sun sinks lower, shadows spread across the yard. After sunset, the sky turns pink. The grey stone towers take on a golden color before turning pink. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.
4. According to the author, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in the repair work
A. The women workers.
B. The Indian workers.
C. Machines.
D. Skilled workers.
5. The underlined sentence “the temple was deserted” probably means that ________.
A. there was no one in the temple and it was in a poor state
B. the temple was built on a desert and nobody noticed it
C. the temple was very old with a long history
D. the temple was repaired by the Cambodians, most of whom were women
6. To clean the stone, how many steps should be followed
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
7. Which work needs a lot of time to do
A. To get rid of certain types of plants.
B. To carry the building materials.
C. To replace the stones.
D. To clean the stones.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次去吴哥窟时的情景，以及如今见证对寺庙进行繁忙的修复。文章还描绘了晚上游览吴哥窟时的美丽景色，突出了这个古老寺庙的宁静和美丽。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“There are very few machines and little heavy equipment. (机器和重型设备很少)”可知，在这项修复工作中机器起不到什么用处。故选C项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句的上文“The country had been at war for many years (这个国家多年来一直处于战争状态)”和下文“and falling to pieces (坍塌了)”、“Plants were growing out of the roofs, and trees were growing in the yards. (屋顶上长出了植物，院子里长出了树木)”可知，此处是介绍这座寺庙的状态，由于战争，人们应该是离开了这座寺庙，而且寺庙严重受损，荒芜且破败。由此可知，划线句表示“寺庙里一个人也没有，而且很破败”。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“First they clean the stones with brushes using buckets of a weak chemical. Then gaps between the stones are filled in. Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water forever. (首先，他们用刷子蘸取桶里的弱化学物质清洁石头。然后把石头之间的缝隙填满。最后，在石头上涂上另一种材料，使它们永远不受水的侵害)”可知，为了清理石头，需要遵循三个步骤：先用弱化学物质进行初步清洁，再填满缝隙，最后涂上另一种材料。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The work of cleaning the stones is watched over by three Indian chemists. It is a very slow task.(清理石头的工作由三名印度化学家监督。这是一项非常缓慢的任务)”可知，清理石头需要耗费很多时间，进度很缓慢。故选D项。
C
You can improve learning by handwriting your class notes. Although computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. These are findings of a new study.
As digital devices (数码设备) have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often suggested as a substitute (替代品) for early handwriting,” a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children. “Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey van der Meer, the new study’s leader. She believes that “young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time, learn to manage a keyboard. ”
Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard, the new findings show. This is because writing and printing involve complicated movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more “hooks” to hang your memories on, Audrey explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. In contrast, when we write, our brain needs to think about the shape of each letter. We also need to use our eyes to watch what shapes we’re writing. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape different letters. All of this uses and connects more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Audrey. So learning through only one form—digital—could be harmful, she worries. She also points out that taking notes by hand encourages “visual notetaking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked by boxes, arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”.
8. Why does keyboard activity come first for children’s early handwriting
A. It can train their hands.
B. It may be easier to operate.
C. It has been adopted by many schools.
D. It helps them adapt to the digital society.
9. What does paragraph 4 intend to show
A. The disadvantages of keyboards.
B. Handwriting turns on parts of the brain.
C. Keyboards require people to “think more”.
D. The relationships between the brain and hands.
10. What can be inferred from Audrey’s words in the last paragraph
A. We should learn in different ways.
B. Handwriting and drawing are similar.
C. We should challenge our brain to get smarter.
D. Handwriting can help remember new information.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Keyboards are not bad
B. How to read brain activity
C. Handwriting beats typing when taking notes
D. Differences between typing and handwriting
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，孩子以手写学习的话，会比使用电脑更能加强记忆力，且大脑区域活动更为活跃，从而证明传统手写学习仍有其存在价值。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The idea is that typing may be easier for young children.(这个想法是打字对小孩子来说可能更容易)”可知，推荐孩子在早期使用键盘打字来代替手写是因为打字比较容易操作。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的“In contrast, when we write, our brain needs to think about the shape of each letter. We also need to use our eyes to watch what shapes we’re writing. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape different letters. All of this uses and connects more areas of the brain.(相比之下，当我们写作时，我们的大脑需要思考每个字母的形状。我们还需要用眼睛观察我们正在书写的形状。我们需要控制我们的手来按钢笔或铅笔来塑造不同的字母。所有这些都使用并连接了大脑的更多区域)”可知，第四段主要介绍了手写会激活大脑的某些部分。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“This is because writing and printing involve complicated movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more “hooks” to hang your memories on, Audrey explains.”.(这是因为书写和印刷涉及复杂的运动，这些运动会激活大脑的更多区域。Audrey解释说，大脑活动的增加给了大脑更多的“钩子”来悬挂你的记忆。)”可推知，手写能够帮助大脑更好的记忆新的信息。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“You can improve learning by handwriting your class notes. Although computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. These are findings of a new study.(你可以通过写课堂笔记来提高学。尽管计算机技术在今天通常是必要的，但使用钢笔或铅笔比键盘激活大脑的更多区域。这些是一项新研究的发现)”以及全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，孩子以手写学习的话，会比使用电脑更能加强记忆力，且大脑区域活动更为活跃，从而证明传统手写学习仍有其存在价值。所以“记笔记时手写胜过打字”适合作本文的标题。故选C。
D
It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, french fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re a teenager.
“Junk food shapes teenager’s brains in ways that damage their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control bad behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s possibility of depression and anxiety.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own,about how poor food choices can impact teen’s brains.They found teens are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenagers’ brains are still developing the ability to assess bad possibilities and control actions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist ( 抵 制 ) that urge. However, this region is the last to mature (成熟) — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food reminder. Exercise also causes the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and strengthens connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.
12. According to the text, junk food does the greatest harm to .
A. Preschoolers B. Teenagers C. The middle-aged D. The elderly
13. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Junk food. B. The brain. C. The research. D. The ability.
14. What can be inferred from the text
A. Processed foods shouldn’t be allowed to produce.
B. Teenagers don’t understand the harm of junk food.
C. The prefrontal cortex can help us make wise decisions.
D. The prefrontal cortex develops fully in our late 20s.
15. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Where do our impulses come from
B. Why should we fight against junk food
C. What is the best way to strengthen our body
D. How does exercise work against junk food
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。吃太多的垃圾食品会对人的身体造成损害，尤其是对青少年，运动可以帮助我们对抗垃圾食品。文章对此进行了介绍。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re a teenager.(然而，吃太多的垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，特别是如果你是一个青少年。)”可知，垃圾食品对青少年的健康危害最大。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“Junk food shapes teenager’s brains in ways that damage their ability to think, learn and remember.(垃圾食品会影响青少年的大脑，损害他们思考、学习和记忆的能力。)”可知，此处是指垃圾食品会让人难以控制不好的行为，所以it代指垃圾食品。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.(因此，前额皮质可以更好地帮助我们做出明智的决定，控制我们的冲动。)”可知，前额皮质可以帮助我们做出明智的决定。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段前三句“So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food reminder.(那么，对垃圾食品说不的最好方法是什么呢？研究人员建议锻炼。当我们锻炼时，大脑的奖励系统对食物提醒变得不那么敏感。)”可知，最后一段主要关于运动如何对抗垃圾食品。故选D。
二、七选五（每小题2. 5分，共12. 5分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people wake up in the morning not knowing what to do. They go on with their day without having a plan. When the day is over, they find that they finished nothing. ___16___ If you do not plan your day, then you would take longer time to achieve your goals. Follow the guidelines below to learn how to plan your day effectively:
___17___ Many people spend their day responding to people’s needs instead of theirs, so at the end they end up responding to people’s needs instead of their needs. Make sure you plan your day the night before, so you know what you are going to do that day to help you get closer to your goals and desires.
Make a to-do list. Plan what you are going to do every single hour and make sure you prioritize your list with the most important goals first and the least important goals last. ___18___ Don’t waste your time with unimportant tasks.
Don’t forget to leave some time for yourself to think. You are going to work for 10 hours, for example, make sure you leave 2 hours for pondering and emergencies. ___19___ Did you finish everything you wanted to do Was your day beneficial
We all have the same twenty four hours every single day. Use every hour to do something beneficial for you and for your life. ___20___
A. Plan your day the night before.
B. Think about your goals every night.
C. Talk with your friends about your plan.
D. Concentrate on the important routine tasks.
E. At the end of the day reassess how your day went.
F. Planning your day is the most important skill that you learn to achieve your goals.
G. Don’t let your day go by with doing nothing to help you improve the quality of your life.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. D 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何有效地计划你的一天。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Many people wake up in the morning not knowing what to do. They go on with their day without having a plan. When the day is over, they find that they finished nothing. (许多人早上醒来不知道该做什么。他们没有计划地继续他们的一天。当一天结束时，他们发现他们什么也没完成。)”可知没有计划的一天可能什么也不能完成，所以下文应该是计划你的一天很重要，F选项“计划你的一天是你要学会的实现目标的最重要的技能。”符合题意，并且引出下文计划一天的方法，故选F。
【17题详解】
设空处为小标题。根据下文“Many people spend their day responding to people’s needs instead of theirs, so at the end they end up responding to people’s needs instead of their needs. Make sure you plan your day the night before, so you know what you are going to do that day to help you get closer to your goals and desires. (许多人花时间去回应别人的需求，而不是他们自己的需求，所以最终他们回应的是别人的需求，而不是他们自己的需求。确保在前一天晚上做好一天的计划，这样你就知道当天要做什么来帮助你更接近你的目标和愿望。)”可知本段主要讲的是要提前做一天的计划，A选项“前一天晚上计划好一天的计划。”符合本段主旨，并且适合做小标题，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Plan what you are going to do every single hour and make sure you prioritize your list with the most important goals first and the least important goals last. (计划好你每小时要做的事情，确保你把最重要的目标排在第一位，把最不重要的目标排在最后。)”和下文“Don’t waste your time with unimportant tasks. (不要把时间浪费在不重要的任务上。)”可推知设空处应该是要集中精力在重要的任务上，所以D选项“专注于重要的日常任务。”符合题意，起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Did you finish everything you wanted to do Was your day beneficial (你想做的事都做完了吗 这一天对你有益吗 )”可知这是我们在思考我们所做的事情而做出的提问，所以E选项“在一天结束的时候，重新评估这一天过得怎么样。”符合题意，并引出下文具体思考的内容，也就是怎么评估，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“We all have the same twenty four hours every single day. Use every hour to do something beneficial for you and for your life. (我们每天都有同样的24小时。利用每一小时做一些对你和你的生活有益的事情。)”可知本段是在总结上文，做好一天的计划会对我们生活有好处，所以G选项“要帮助你提高生活质量，就不要让你的一天白白流逝，什么都不做。”符合题意，故选G。
三 完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school. The other kids began to notice that he was wearing the ___21___ black pants and white T—shirt day after day. Then Todd became the target of tease (戏弄) and ___22___. But there was nothing Todd could do. His mother simply couldn’t ___23___ to buy him new clothes.
Two of kids laughing at him were Antwan Garrett and Kristopher Graham, a pair of freshman football players. But over time, they realized that their ___24___ words felt like bullying (欺凌) and seemed to be slowly breaking Todd’s ___25___. Something finally clicked.
“I felt like I need to do something,” Graham said to Garrett. So they ___26___ a plan. They went home and ___27___ through drawers and closets. The next day at school, they met Todd and asked him to come into the hall. Todd was ___28___ about being out by the larger boys.
“He wasn’t smiling or anything but I thought this was going to make him smile,” Graham said. They apologized for laughing at him. They then handed Todd a big ___29___. Inside were clean shirts and ___30___, as well as a brand—new pair of Nike sneakers. And Todd got much more than the clothing. He no long sits ___31___ at lunch. Now he eats with his new ___32___, Garret and Graham.
“___33___ the day Garrett and Graham called me into the ___34___,” he said, “That was the ___35___ day of my entire life, basically.”
21. A. very B. small C. large D. loose
22. A. care B. stop C. laughter D. help
23. A. afford B. determine C. refuse D. promise
24. A. angry B. empty C. hurtful D. plain
25. A. record B. spirit C. rule D. silence
26. A. turned down B. gave up C. focused on D. thought of
27. A. searched B. passed C. swept D. broke
28. A. curious B. enthusiastic C. amazed D. anxious
29. A. coat B. document C. bag D. bottle
30. A. balls B. shorts C. books D. gifts
31. A. still B. straight C. alone D. aside
32. A. friends B. roommates C. teammates D. relatives
33. A. Making B. Recalling C. Taking D. Forgetting
34. A. school B. classroom C. store D. hall
35. A. last B. best C. worst D. first
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Todd的妈妈买不起新衣服给他，所以Todd 每天都穿着同一件黑色的裤子和白色的t恤，因而遭到了同学们的嘲笑。但是其中两个学生Garrett和Graham意识到这对Todd 正在造成伤害，所以他们把干净的衣服和崭新的鞋子送给了Todd ，和Todd 成为了好朋友。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他孩子开始注意到他每天都穿着同一件黑色的裤子和白色的t恤。A. very同一的；B. small小的；C. large大的；D. loose宽松的。根据上文“Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school. ”可知，Todd 每天都穿着同一件黑色的裤子和白色的t恤。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是托德成了孩子们取笑的对象。A. care关心；B. stop停止；C. laughter笑声；D. help帮助。根据上文“Then Todd became the target of tease”可知，Todd 每天穿同样的衣服，成为了同学们取笑的对象。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他母亲根本买不起新衣服给他。A. afford买得起；B. determine决定；C. refuse拒绝；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school.”可知，Todd的母亲根本买不起新衣服给他，所以他每天都穿同样的衣服。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随着时间的推移，他们意识到他们伤人的话就像欺凌，似乎正在慢慢地摧毁托德的精神。A. angry生气的；B. empty空的；C. hurtful伤人的；D. plain朴素的。根据上文“Two of kids laughing at him were Antwan Garrett and Kristopher Graham, a pair of freshman football players.”可知，Garrett和Graham说了一些伤人的话，给Todd造成了伤害。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着时间的推移，他们意识到他们伤人的话就像欺凌，似乎正在慢慢地摧毁托德的精神。A. record记录；B. spirit精神；C. rule规则；D. silence寂静。根据上文“words felt like bullying”可知，这些伤人的话语似乎正在慢慢地摧毁Todd 的精神。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：于是他们想出了一个计划。A. turned down调小；B. gave up放弃；C. focused on集中于；D. thought of想到。根据上文“I felt like I need to do something”可知，Garrett和Graham两个人想出了一个计划来帮助Todd 。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们回到家，翻遍了抽屉和壁橱。A. searched搜索；B. passed通过；C. swept打扫；D. broke打破。根据下文“Inside were clean shirts ”可知，他们翻遍了抽屉和壁橱找衣服。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：托德很担心被大孩子们叫出去。A. curious好奇的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. anxious担心的，焦虑的。根据上文“Then Todd became the target of tease (戏弄)”以及下文“about being out by the larger boys”可知，Todd总是被大孩子们取笑，所以他很担心被大孩子们叫出去。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他们递给托德一个大袋子。A. coat外套；B. document文件；C. bag袋子，包；D. bottle瓶子。根据下文“Inside were clean shirts ”可知，他们递给Todd一个大袋子，里面装的是干净的衣服。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：里面是干净的衬衫和短裤，还有一双崭新的耐克运动鞋。A. balls球；B. shorts短裤；C. books书；D. gifts礼物。根据空前“Inside were clean shirts”可知，他们递给Todd一个大袋子，里面装的都是干净衣服，所以空处应该是短裤。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不再独自坐着吃午饭了。A. still还，依旧；B. straight径直地；C. alone独自，单独地；D. aside在旁边。根据上文“And Todd got much more than the clothing.”可知，除了送衣服，Garrett和Graham还做了其它的事情。Todd 不再独自坐着吃午饭了，他和Garrett和Graham成为了朋友。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在他和他的新朋友加勒特和格雷厄姆一起吃午饭。A. friends朋友；B. roommates室友；C. teammates队友；D. relatives亲戚。根据上文“He no long sits 11 at lunch.”可知，他们成为了好朋友。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“回想起加勒特和格雷厄姆把我叫进大厅的那天，事实上那是我一生中最美好的一天。”A. Making制作；B. Recalling回想起；C. Taking取；D. Forgetting忘记 。根据下文“The next day at school, they met Todd and asked him to come into the hall.”可知，Todd回想起Garret和Graham把他叫进大厅的那天。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“回想起加勒特和格雷厄姆把我叫进大厅的那天，事实上那是我一生中最美好的一天。”A. school学校；B. classroom教室；C. store商店；D. hall大厅。根据上文“The next day at school, they met Todd and asked him to come into the hall. ”可知，Garret和Graham把Todd叫到大厅。故选D。
35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“回想起加勒特和格雷厄姆把我叫进大厅的那天，事实上那是我一生中最美好的一天。”A. last最后的；B. best最好的；C. worst最坏的；D. first第一的。根据上文“Now he eats with his new 12 , Garret and Graham.”可知，他们成为了朋友，因此Todd觉得那是他一生中最美好的一天。故选B。
四、用所给单词的适当形式填空（每空2分，共10分）
36. The____children went to bed early after the trip.（tire）(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】tired
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：旅行过后疲惫的孩子们早早地去睡觉。空处应填一个形容词作定语，修饰children，指人，应使用tired，意为“累的，感到疲惫的”，故填tired。
37. It is ________(disappoint) that he didn’t pass the exam. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】disappointing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：令人失望的是他没有通过这次考试。It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，所以应用disappointing作表语。故填disappointing。
38. I’m not ________(satisfy) with his interpretation of this sentence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】satisfied
【解析】
【详解】考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意：他对这个句子的解释，我不满意。be satisfied with...意为“对……感到满意”。故填satisfied。
39. So far I _____________ (make) quite a few friends here.
【答案】have made
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，我在这里交了不少朋友。根据上文so far“到目前为止”可知应用现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。
40. Look! The monkey ________ (climb) the tree. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is climbing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：看！猴子正在爬树。设空处在句中作谓语，根据空前的Look可知，事情正在发生，句子时态用现在进行时，且主语The monkey为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is climbing。
五、定语从句（每空3分，共15分）
用关系代词或关系副词填空。
41. The gentleman ________ you met yesterday proved to be a thief. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that##who##whom
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你昨天遇到的那位先生被证明是个小偷。分析句子结果可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The gentleman。先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以可以用关系代词that,who或whom引导该从句。故填that/who/whom。
42. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了他小时候长大的那个小镇。空处引导定语从句，先行词the small town，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
43. Please take any seat ________ is free. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：空着的座位请随便坐。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是seat，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
44. He has written a book ________ name I have forgotten. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一本书，我忘了书的名字。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是book，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
45. Do you remember the years ________ you lived in the countryside with your grandparents (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得你和祖父母住在农村的那些年吗？分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the years，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
六、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zu Ti of the Jin Dynasty was a man who had with great ambition. When he was young, he had a good friend ___46___ (name) Liu Kun. They had such a deep friendship ___47___ they stayed together every day and got up at the same time every morning.
One day, when they were sleeping. Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing (鸡鸣) . He woke up Liu Kun and said, “How about ___48___ (get) up to play swords (剑) as soon as we heard the rooster crowing from now on ” Liu Kun was still ___49___ (sleep) . But he agreed with him ___50___ (joyful) . From then on, they got up and played swords once the rooster began crowing. They kept their word and never gave up no matter ___51___ cold in winter or hot in summer. Hard work ___52___ (pay) off. After a long period of hard study and training, they finally became the all-rounder. And they both did excellent jobs to their country.
The idiom “to rise with the rooster” teaches us that with ambition and hard work, ___53___ (succeed) is possible. When we can discover our shortcomings ___54___ time, it is not too late to try. But if you are not willing ____55____ (work) hard, you will not be able to achieve a career after all.
【答案】46. named
47. that 48. getting
49. sleepy 50. joyfully
51. how 52. paid
53. success
54. in 55. to work
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“闻鸡起舞”的成语故事以及感悟。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他年轻的时候，他有一个好朋友叫刘琨。分析句子结构可知friend与name构成被动关系，故用过去分词做定语。故填named。
【47题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他们有如此深厚的友谊，以至于每天呆在一起，每天早上都在同一时间起床。根据句意和such可知，此处为结果状语从句such…that…。故填that。
48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从现在起，我们一听到公鸡叫就起来舞剑怎么样？about是介词，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填getting。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：刘琨仍然很困。作表语，应用形容词sleepy。故填sleepy。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：但他高兴地同意了。修饰动词agree应用副词joyfully，故填joyfully。
【51题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：不管冬天多冷夏天多热，他们都遵守诺言，从不放弃。表示“无论多么”，引导让步状语从句，应用no matter how，修饰cold。故填how。
【52题详解】
考查时态。句意：努力没有白费。根据语境可知描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填paid。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：“闻鸡起舞”这个成语告诉我们，只要有抱负和努力工作，成功是可能的。作主语，应用名词success，不可数。故填success。
【54题详解】
考查介词。句意：当我们能及时发现自己的缺点时，努力绝不会晚。表示“及时”短语为in time。故填in。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果你不愿意努力，你终究无法成就事业。短语be willing to do sth.表示“愿意做某事”。故填to work。
七、基础写作（15分）
56. 假定你是李华，你的英语朋友Peter来信向你询问如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写一封回信。
1.参加中文学习班；
2.看中文书刊，电视；
3.学唱中文歌曲；
4.交中国朋友。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
As far as I’m concerned, you’d better attend a Chinese course, where, with other students you can learn under the guidance of a teacher. What’s more, being repeatedly exposed to Chinese books, magazines, and TV can also help you a lot. It is beneficial for you to sing Chinese songs, which can make your learning more interesting and effective. In addition, you can make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you with Chinese.
I’ll be delighted if you can take my recommendations into account and make great progress in Chinese.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的英语朋友Peter来信向你询问如何才能学好中文。请你根据给出的要点写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestion
依我之见，据我所知：As far as I’m concerned → In my opinion
此外：What’s more→ Besides
有益的：be beneficial→ be of benefit
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：In addition, you can make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you with Chinese.
拓展句：In addition, you can make more Chinese friends, who will tell you a lot about China and help you with Chinese.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is beneficial for you to sing Chinese songs, which can make your learning more interesting and effective.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I’ll be delighted if you can take my recommendations into account and make great progress in Chinese.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
