(共31张PPT)
八年级·英语· 译林版·下册
Unit 2 Travelling
Grammar
1.在具体语境中,能够正确运用have / has been to 和have /has gone to 与他人进行交际。
2.在具体语境中,能够正确运用for和since引导一段时间的句子。
课时重点:
会使用短暂性动词与延续性动词。
同学们,让我来考考你的英语表达能力!现在,看看教室里的同学,有同学出去了吗 他们去哪里了 你会用英语询问和表达吗 再看看坐在教室里的同学,你会用英语表达他们在教室里待了多长时间了吗
一、填一填
1.去图书馆了
2.去过西安两次
3.参加一个会议
4.看见某人正在做某事
5.离开;远离
6.在……的第一天
have/has gone to the library
have/has been to Xi’an twice
attend a meeting
see sb. doing sth.
be away(from)
on the first day of
二、译一译
1.Peter和Simon刚去过了图书馆。
2.Daniel在聚会上不会和我们在一起。
Peter and Simon have just been to the library.
Daniel won’t be with us at the party.
3.我看到Andy正在沙滩上玩耍。
4.海豚表演将会上演约半小时。
I see Andy playing on the sand.
The dolphin show will be on for about half an hour.
三、想一想
1.在句子“Mr Dong has lived here for many years.”中live是什么动词 列举一些这样的动词。
2.针对句子中的for和since连接的时间状语,用什么特殊疑问词进行提问吗
延续性动词。work, see, learn, know, keep...
how long
阅读课文,回答问题
1.再次仔细阅读Reading部分的课文,并回答一些理解性的问题,如“Where has Kitty been How did she feel on Space Mountain What did she meet on the way to the restaurant ”，将答案记录在笔记本上。
2.通过回答理解性的问题,进一步体会现在完成时态和一般过去时态中动作发生的时间和影响的不同。
3.和同学一起两人一组,总结现在完成时态的结构和含义。
阅读对话,完成练习
1.阅读下面小对话,理解情境,体会have/has gone to的用法和have/has been to的用法。
(In the classroom)
Teacher:I forgot to bring my book here. Can you help me get it from the office, Millie
Millie:OK. I’ll go and get it for you.
(While Millie is on the way to the office)
Teacher:Hi, everyone. Where has Millie gone
Students:She has gone to your office.
(After Millie is back to the classroom)
Teacher:Thank you, Millie. Where have you been
Millie:I have been to your office.
2.在笔记本上写下have/has gone to的用法和含有have/has been to的句子，并进行朗读和记忆。
3.两人一组,说说这两个结构所表达的不同含义。然后完成课本上A1和A2部分的练习并核对答案。
在观察两个结构的时候,注意先记住结构本身的不同,再体会它们表达的不同含义。
总结归纳
1.仔细观察下面含有for和since的现在完成时态的句子:
We have had the class for 20 minutes. / We have had the class since 20 minutes ago.
I have lived here for 12 years. /I have lived here since 12 years ago.
2.两人一组观察与总结for和since引导的时间状语的区别。即for后接一段时间短语,而since后接过去某事发生的时间点。
3.仔细阅读课本第27~28页的内容,并完成第28页的练习,然后核对答案。
[做一做]用for或since填空。
1.Sandy has been away two days.
2.Dad has worked in Beijing 1990.
3.Daniel and Simon have played football in the playground about two hours.
4.They have been good friends ten years ago.
for
since
for
since
● have/has been to、have/has gone to与have/has been in用法与区别
1.have/has been to和have/has gone to都有“到,去”的意思,后面都可接表示地点的名词,但实际意义有所不同。have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”,说话时该人不在现场，一般只用第三人称作主语。例如:
—Where is Jim Jim在哪里
—He has gone to England. 他去英国了。(尚未回来)
Mr Wang isn’t here. He has gone to Qingdao.王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。
2.has / have been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示一种经历,含有“现在已离开那儿”之意,后可接次数(如once、twice、three times等)表示“去过某地几次”,也可和just、never、ever等连用。例如:
My father has been to Beijing twice.我父亲去过北京两次。(我父亲现在应该不在北京了。)
I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。
3.have/has been in表示“到某地多长时间了”,常与时间段连用。例如:
I have been in Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。
使用时要注意:上述三个结构,后接表示地点的副词here、there、home等时,介词to或in应当去掉。例如:
You have never been there before,have you 你以前从没有去过那儿,是吗
They have gone there. 他们已经去那儿了。
[做一做]根据句意,用have/has been to、 have/has been in或have/has gone to填空。
1.Mr Black China twice. He was very excited every time when he visited the beautiful country.
2.The young man the library. I’m sure he won’t come back until late tonight.
has been to
has gone to
3.—Where you
—Japan. Look, here is the gift I bought for you.
4.They Italy for business. They will have a meeting there.
5.Bill came to China three years ago. He . China for three years.
have
been
have gone to
has been in
●延续性动词及短暂性动词的用法
英语中有些动词的意义决定了它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词称为“短暂性动词”,常见的有come、 go、 arrive、 close、 open、 leave、 start、 buy、 fall、 join、 die、 borrow等。这些动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的词连用。例如:
He has come back for two hours.(这是不规范的。)
短暂性动词与表示一段时间词连用是不规范的,这时可使用表示延续性动作的词来替代。规则如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in / be here, begin / start→be on, open→be open, close→be closed, die→be dead, leave→be away(from), fall asleep→be asleep 例如:
He has died for 20 years. 改为:He has been dead for 20 years.
How long has he left 改为:How long has he been away
He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.
[做一做]根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我来上海已经五天了。
I for five days.
2.当她赶到学校时,课已经上了10分钟了。
When she got to school, the class . for 10 minutes.
have
been
in
Shanghai
has
been
on
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—The old man （make） three model
planes already.
—How hard-working he is!！
2.— they (be) here since five days
ago？
—I think so.
has made
been
Have
3.—I (not hear) from my friend since
two weeks ago.
—Don't worry. Maybe he is busy.
4. So far, I （learn） over 1,000 words.
5. Mr Wang (teach) maths here for 10
years.
haven’t heard
haven learned/learnt
has taught
6.Be quick! The bus just (arrive).
7.Many things (change) in this town
over the years.
8.—What a new look our city has!
—Yes. Great changes （take place）since 2008.
arrived
has
have changed
have taken place
9. Shenzhen (be) a small town before, but now it
_ _(become) a large city.
was
has becomeUnit 2 Grammar
【学习目标】
1.在具体语境中,能够正确运用have / has been to 和have /has gone to 与他人进行交际。
2.在具体语境中,能够正确运用for和since连接时间状语。
课时重点:
会使用短暂性动词与延续性动词。
【预习导学】
一、填一填
1.去图书馆了
2.去过西安两次
3.参加一个会议
4.看见某人正在做某事
5.离开;远离
6.在……的第一天
二、译一译
1.Peter和Simon刚去过了图书馆。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.Daniel在聚会上不会和我们在一起。
_____________________________________________________________________
3.我看到Andy正在沙滩上玩耍。
_____________________________________________________________________
4.海豚表演将会上演约半小时。
_____________________________________________________________________
三、想一想
1.在句子“Mr Dong has lived here for many years.”中live是什么动词 列举一些这样的动词。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.针对句子中的for和since连接的时间状语,用什么特殊疑问词进行提问呢
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
一、
1.have/has gone to the library 2.have/has been to Xi'an twice 3.attend a meeting 4.see sb. doing sth.5.be away (from) 6.on the first day of
二、
1.Peter and Simon have just been to the library.
2.Daniel won't be with us at the party.
3.I see Andy playing on the sand.
4.The dolphin show will be on for about half an hour.
三、
1.延续性动词。work, see, learn, know, keep...
2.how long
【合作探究】
任务驱动一 阅读课文,回答问题
1.再次仔细阅读Reading部分的课文,并回答一些理解性的问题,如“Where has Kitty been How did she feel on Space Mountain What did she meet on the way to the restaurant ”,将答案记录在笔记本上。
2.通过回答理解性的问题,进一步体会现在完成时态和一般过去时态中动作的发生时间和影响的不同。
3.和同学一起两人一组,总结现在完成时态的结构和含义。
任务驱动二 阅读对话,完成练习
1.阅读下面小对话,理解情境,体会have/has gone to和have/has been to的用法。
(In the classroom)
Teacher:I forgot to bring my book here. Can you help me get it from the office, Millie
Millie:OK. I'll go and get it for you.
(While Millie is on the way to the office)
Teacher:Hi, everyone. Where has Millie gone
Students:She has gone to your office.
(After Millie is back to the classroom)
Teacher:Thank you, Millie. Where have you been
Millie:I have been to your office.
2.在笔记本上写下have/has gone to的用法和含有have/has been to的句子,并进行朗读和记忆。
3.两人一组,说说这两个结构所表达的不同含义。然后完成课本上A1和A2部分的练习并核对答案。
·学习小助手·
在观察两个结构的时候,注意先记住结构本身的不同,再体会它们表达的不同含义。
任务驱动三 总结归纳
1.仔细观察下面含有for和since的现在完成时态的句子:
We have had the class for 20 minutes. / We have had the class since 20 minutes ago.
I have lived here for 12 years. /I have lived here since 12 years ago.
2.两人一组观察与总结for和since连接的时间状语的区别。即for后接一段时间,而since后接过去某事发生的时间点。
3.仔细阅读课本第27-28页的内容,并完成第28页的练习,然后核对答案。
[做一做]用for或since填空。
1.Sandy has been away two days.
2.Dad has worked in Beijing 1990.
3.Daniel and Simon have played football in the playground about two hours.
4.They have been good friends ten years ago.
【答案】
做一做
1.for 2.since 3.for 4.since
【知识超市】
● have/has been to、have/has gone to与have/has been in用法与区别
1.have/has been to和have/has gone to都有“到,去”的意思,后面都可接表示地点的名词,但实际意义有所不同。have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”,说话时该人不在现场,一般只用第三人称作主语。例如:
—Where is Jim Jim在哪里
—He has gone to England. 他去英国了。(尚未回来)
Mr Wang isn't here. He has gone to Qingdao.王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。
2.has / have been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示一种经历,含有“现在已离开那儿”之意,后可接次数(如once、twice、three times等)表示“去过某地几次”,也可和just、never、ever等连用。例如:
My father has been to Beijing twice.我父亲去过北京两次。(我父亲现在应该不在北京了。)
I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。
3.have/has been in表示“到某地多长时间了”,常与时间段连用。例如:
I have been in Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。
使用时要注意:上述三个结构,后接表示地点的副词here、there、home等时,介词to或in应当去掉。例如:
You have never been there before,have you 你以前从没有去过那儿,是吗
They have gone there. 他们已经去那儿了。
[做一做]根据句意,用have/has been to、 have/has been in或have/has gone to填空。
1.Mr Black China twice. He was very excited every time when he visited the beautiful country.
2.The young man the library. I'm sure he won't come back until late tonight.
3.—Where you
—Japan. Look, here is the gift I bought for you.
4.They Italy for business. They will have a meeting there.
5.Bill came to China three years ago. He China for three years.
●延续性动词及短暂性动词的用法
英语中有些动词的意义决定了它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词称为“短暂性动词”,常见的有come、 go、 arrive、 close、 open、 leave、 start、 buy、 fall、 join、 die、 borrow等。这些动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的词连用。例如:
He has come back for two hours.(这是不规范的。)
短暂性动词与表示一段时间的词连用是不规范的,这时可使用表示延续性动作的词来替代。规则如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in / be here, begin / start→be on, open→be open, close→be closed, die→be dead, leave→be away (from), fall asleep→be asleep
例如:
He has died for 20 years. 改为:He has been dead for 20 years.
How long has he left 改为:How long has he been away
He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has kept the book for two weeks.
[做一做]根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我来上海已经五天了。
I Shanghai for five days.
2.当她赶到学校时,课已经上了10分钟了。
When she got to school, the class for 10 minutes.
对点自测
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—The old man (make) three model planes already.
—How hard-working he is!
2.— they (be) here since five days ago
—I think so.
3.—I (not hear) from my friend since two weeks ago.
—Don't worry. Maybe he is busy.
4.So far, I (learn) over 1,000 words.
5. Mr Wang (teach) maths here for 10 years.
6.Be quick! The bus just (arrive).
7.Many things (change) in this town over the years.
8.—What a new look our city has!
—Yes.Great changes (take place) since 2008.
9.Shenzhen (be) a small town before, but now it (become) a large city.
【答案】
做一做
1.has been to 2.has gone to 3.have been 4.have gone to 5.has been in
做一做
1.have been in 2.has been on
对点自测
1.has made 2.Have been 3.haven't heard
4.have learnt/learned 5.has taught 6.has arrived
7.have changed 8.have taken place 9.was has become
2
