Unit 8 Grammar
【学习目标】
1.记住并会正确运用下列词汇:pollute、 living、 poster、 display、 harm、 clean up等。
2.能正确运用被动语态的一般将来时。
3.通过学习能树立从自身做起,争做环保卫士的意识。
课时重点:
能正确运用被动语态的一般将来时。
【预习导学】
一、填一填
1.发生,举行
2.最大的问题之一
3.扔进……
4.装满,填满
5.打扫,清理
6.齐心协力,一起努力
7.有机会做某事
8.思考,考虑
二、译一译
1.现今,污染是世界上最大的问题之一。
v·学习小助手·
pollution是不可数名词,意为“污染,污染物”,其动词形式是pollute,意为“污染,弄脏”;polluter是可数名词,意为“污染者,污染源”。
2.在许多地方,垃圾被扔到湖泊和河流里,因此它们当中许多被污染了。
_____________________________________________________________________
3.和人类一样,动物也被污染所害。
_____________________________________________________________________
4.我们所有人都有机会思考一下我们周围的世界。
_____________________________________________________________________
三、想一想
1.写出problem与question的区别。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.写出as well as的用法。
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
一、
1.take place 2.one of the biggest problems 3.throw into... 4.be filled with 5.clean up 6.work together 7.have a chance to do sth. 8.think about / of
二、
1.Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
2.In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted.
3.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.
4.All of us have a chance to think about the world around us.
三、
1.problem所指的问题总是与困难联系着,表示“有待解决”;而question所指的问题总是和疑问联系着,表示“有待回答”,它常与ask、 answer连用。
2.as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分,表示“也,还”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项保持一致。另外,as well as用来表示同级比较,意为“和……一样好”。
【合作探究】
任务驱动一 巩固旧知
1.复习Reading部分的内容,引出被动语态的一般将来时。
(1)What'll happen if you cut down a tree in Switzerland
We if we cut down a tree in Switzerland.
(2)What'll happen if you drop litter in a public place in Switzerland
We by the police if we drop litter in a public place in Switzerland.
2.朗读句子并体会被动语态的一般将来时的含义及用法,归纳出句子结构:
will be + 过去分词或am / is / are going to be + 过去分词
任务驱动二 分组完成练习
1.两人一组完成课本A部分的练习。
2.完成课本B部分的练习。
3.全班核对答案,集体朗读对话。
4.独立完成课本下方的“Work out the rule!”。
5.两人一组完成课本C部分的练习,全班核对答案并集体朗读短文。
任务驱动三 小组讨论
1.两人一组从两个话题中选择其中一个,用被动语态的一般将来时进行讨论。
(1)A field trip (2)A charity show
2.四组同学上台展示讨论结果。
【答案】
任务驱动一
1.(1)will be punished (2)will be fined
【知识超市】
●As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 和人类一样,动物也被污染所害。
harm在此处是及物动词,意为“伤害,损害”。例如:
It'll harm your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书会损害你的眼睛。
【拓展】1.harm作动词时,意为“伤害,使受到伤害”;作名词时,意为“伤害,损害,危害”。harmful是形容词,意为“有害的”,其反义词是harmless,意为“无害的”。例如:
Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无伤害。
Watching TV too much is harmful to your eyesight. 电视看得太多对视力有害。
You can eat this kind of vegetable. It's harmless. 你可以吃这种蔬菜,它是无害的。
2.常见短语:do no harm 无害;do sb. / sth. harm = do harm to sb. / sth. 对某人/某物有害;be harmful to 对……有害;be harmless to 对……无害。
[做一做]按要求完成下列各题。
1.喝酒对你的大脑有害。所以在中国,未满18岁的人是不允许喝酒的。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
Drinking alcohol (酒) can be your brains. So people in China aren't allowed to drink it if they are younger than 18.
2.PM 2.5 is harmful to people's health and the environment. (同义句转换)
PM 2.5 does people's health and the environment.
● If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution. 如果我们不行动起来改善环境,更多的生物将因污染而死。
living在此处是形容词,意为“活着的”,既可指人,也可指物,可作表语或定语。
【拓展】live vt. 过,度过;vi. 居住,活着,生存;读作/l v/。live adj. 活的,实况转播的;读作/la v/。
【辨析】alive、living、live和lively
alive 活着的 作表语时,修饰人或物均可,这时可与living互换;作定语时应后置
living 活着的 主要作前置定语,也可作表语。the living 意为“活着的人”
live 活的,活着 作定语,一般修饰物
lively 活泼的,生 机勃勃的 既可作表语,也可作定语;修饰人或物均可
例如:
My first teacher is still alive / living. 我的启蒙老师还健在。
[做一做]按要求完成下列各题。
1.Stay with us. The concert will be broadcast (直播的) in five minutes. Don't go away.(根据汉语提示补全单词)
2.即使我们处于困难时期,我们也要保持希望。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
Even though we're in difficult times, we need to keep hope .
对点自测
语篇填空
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
A new study shows that some animals are gradually growing larger beaks, legs and ears. 1. this way, they can lose heat to cool themselves down as the Earth gets much warmer. The change 2. still small, but it could be more obvious (明显的) as time goes by. Animals are changing their body shapes, but scientists warn 3. it doesn't mean everything is fine. It just means they are trying hard to live. However, not all animals can avoid dying. “The climate problem that we have caused is giving 4. lot of pressure (压力) on them, and while some animals will adapt (适应), others will not,” said the scientists. If animals fail 5. control their body temperature, they might overheat and die.
【答案】
做一做
1.harmful to 2.harm to
做一做
1.live 2.alive
对点自测
1.In 2.is 3.that 4.a 5.to
2(共26张PPT)
八年级·英语· 译林版·下册
Unit 8 A green world
Grammar
1.记住并会正确运用下列词汇:pollute、 living、 poster、 display、 harm、 clean up等。
2.能正确运用被动语态的一般将来时。
3.通过学习能树立从自身做起,争做环保卫士的意识。
课时重点:
能正确运用被动语态的一般将来时。
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态是怎样构成的呢 一般将来时的被动语态又是怎样构成的呢
一、填一填
1.发生,举行
2.最大的问题之一
3.扔进……
4.装满,填满
5.打扫,清理
6.齐心协力,一起努力
7.有机会做某事
8.思考,考虑
take place
one of the biggest problems
throw into...
be filled with
clean up
work together
have a chance to do sth.
think about / of
二、译一译
1.现今,污染是世界上最大的问题之一。
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
pollution是不可数名词,意为“污染,污染物”,其动词形式是pollute,意为“污染,弄脏”;polluter是可数名词,意为“污染者,污染源”。
2.在许多地方,垃圾被扔到湖泊和河流里。因此它们当中许多被污染了。
3.和人类一样,动物也被污染所害。
In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted.
As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.
4.我们所有人都有机会思考一下我们周围的世界。
All of us have a chance to think about the world around us.
三、想一想
1.写出problem与question的区别。
problem所指的问题总是与困难联系着,表示“有待解决”;而question所指的问题总是和疑问联系着,表示“有待回答”,它常与ask、 answer连用。
2.写出as well as的用法。
as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分,表示“也,还”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项保持一致。另外,as well as用来表示同级比较,意为“和……一样好”。
巩固旧知
1.复习Reading部分的内容，引出被动语态的一般将来时。
(1)What’ll happen if you cut down a tree in Switzerland
We if we cut down a tree in Switzerland.
will be punished
(2)What’ll happen if you drop litter in a public place in Switzerland
We by the police if we drop litter in a public place in Switzerland.
2.朗读句子并体会被动语态的一般将来时的含义及用法,归纳出句子结构:
will be + 过去分词或am/is/are going to be + 过去分词
will be fined
分组完成练习
1.两人一组完成课本A部分的练习。
2.完成课本B部分的练习。
3.全班核对答案,集体朗读对话。
4.独立完成课本下方的“work out the rule！”。
5.两人一组完成课本C部分的练习,全班核对答案并集体朗读短文。
小组讨论
1.两人一组从两个话题中选择其中一个,用被动语态的一般将来时进行讨论。
(1)A field trip (2)A charity show
2.四组同学上台展示讨论结果。
●As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 和人类一样,动物也被污染所害。
harm在此处是及物动词,意为“伤害,损害”。例如:
It’ll harm your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书会损害你的眼睛。
【拓展】1.harm作不及物动词时,意为“伤害,使受到伤害”;作名词时,意为“伤害,损害,危害”。harmful是形容词,意为“有害的”,其反义词是harmless,意为“无害的”。例如:
Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无伤害。
Watching TV too much is harmful to your eyesight. 电视看得太多对视力有害。
You can eat this kind of vegetable. It’s harmless. 你可以吃这种蔬菜,它是无害的。
2.常见短语:do no harm 无害;do sb. / sth. harm = do harm to sb. / sth. 对某人/某物有害;be harmful to 对……有害;be harmless to 对……无害。
[做一做]按要求完成下列各题。
1.喝酒对你的大脑有害。所以，在中国，未满18岁的人时不允许喝酒的。（根据汉语意思完成句子）
Drinking alcohol (白酒) can be your brains. So people in China aren’t allowed to drink it if they are younger than 18.
harmful
to
2.PM 2.5 is harmful to people’s health and the environment.（同义句转换）
PM 2.5 does people’s health and the environment.
harm
to
● If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution. 如果我们不行动起来改善环境,更多的生物将因污染而死。
living在此处是形容词,意为“活着的”,既可指人,也可指物,可作表语或定语。
【拓展】live vt. 过,度过;vi. 居住,活着,生存;读作[liv]。live adj. 活的,实况转播；读作[laiv]。
【辨析】alive、living、live和lively
例如:
My first teacher is still alive/living. 我的启蒙老师还健在。
[做一做]按要求完成下列各题。
1.Stay with us. The concert will be (直播的) in five minutes. Don’t go away. （根据汉语提示补全单词）
2.即使我们处于困难时期，我们也要保持希望。（根据汉语意思完成句子）
Even though we’re in difficult times, we need to keep hope .
live
alive
语篇填空
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
A new study shows that some animals are gradually
growing larger beaks, legs and ears. 1. this way,
they can lose heat to cool themselves down as the Earth gets much warmer. The change 2. still
In
is
small,but it could be more obvious（明显的） as time goes by.Animals are changing their body shapes, but scientists warn 3. it doesn't mean everything is fine. It just means they are trying hard to live. However, not all animals can avoid dying.“The climate problem that we have caused is giving 4. lot of pressure（压力）on them, and while some animals will
that
a
adapt(适应)，others will not,” said the scientists, If animals fail 5. control their body temperature, they might overheat and die.
to
