2024届高三英语英语二轮复习冠词课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
A small leak will sink a great ship.
千里之堤，溃于蚁穴。
For want of a nail, the shoe was lost；
for want of a shoe, the horse was lost ;
for want of a horse, the rider was lost ;
for want of a rider, the battle was lost ;
for want of a battle, the kingdom was lost;
All for want of a horseshoe nail.
少了一个铁钉，丢了一个马掌；
少了一个马掌，丢了一匹战马；
少了一匹战马，败了一位骑士；
败了一场骑士，输了一场战役；
输了一场战役，失了一个国家；
所有的损失都是因为少了一个马掌钉。
Can you guess what we will learn today
ENGLISH
冠词article
冠词的定义
定义：是一种虚词，不能独立使用，放在名词前帮助说明名词。
　冠词
冠词
article
不定冠词a/an
零冠词/
定冠词the
1.定义：是一种虚词，不能独立使用，放在名词前帮助说明名词
特指
a和an的区别
a/an的基本用法
零冠词的基本用法
零冠词的固定搭配
the的基本用法
含有the的固定搭配
2.分类
泛指
含有a/an的固定搭配
3.有无冠词的短语的区别
特指是指上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被短语或从句加以限定的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方都知道的人或事物
泛指是指首次提到的、不被限定的人或事物。
He is a student.
He is the student who won first place.
冠词
不定冠词a,an
定冠词 the
只能用于单数可数名词之前
单数可数名词
复数可数名词
不可数名词
零冠词
即名词前不用冠词
冠词的分类
一.不定冠词a/an
单数可数名词在表泛指时,要加不定冠词“a／an”表示 “一个”“每一”“某一”。a用在辅音音素(即音标中的辅音音素而不是辅音字母)开头的单词前。an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
如：a European scientist, a book, an apple
1.不定冠词a / an 的区别
-9-
1.不定冠词a / an 的区别
10
即时训练
高频语法 专题三 冠词
用a或an填空
1. university 2. unit
3. European 4. “H”
5. uncle 6. umbrella
7.____ useful book 8. ____ hour and ____ half
8.There is ____ “r” and ____ “y” in the word “cry”.
a
a
a
an
an
an
a
an
a
an
a
　（1）不定冠词(a/an)的用法(八个“一”)
“一”(=one) I’ll return in a day or two.
一两天我就回来。
“每一” (=per) We have eight classes a day.
我们每天上八节课。
“同一” (=the same) The children are of an age.
这些孩子们同岁。
“一类” (=复数名词) A horse is a useful animal.
马是一种有用的动物。
“任一”(=any) A dictionary is enough.
一本词典足够。
2.不定冠词a / an 的基本用法
“某一” (=a certain) A Mr.Smith is waiting to see you.
一位史密斯先生正等着见你。
“一个、 一次、一件” (抽象名词) As a manager,he is a success while as a father he is a failure.作为一名经理,他是位成功者,而作为一名父亲他是个失败者。
“一种(场，份,阵……)” (物质名词) What a heavy rain!
多大的一场雨啊!
不定冠词a/an基本用法(2)
用法 例句
用在首次提到的表示人或事物的名词前，译为“一”。 A little girl is smiling at me. 一个小女孩正在冲我微笑。
This is an interesting novel. 这是一本有趣的小说。
“a/an+序数词”表示“又一, 再一”。 The pizza tastes good. I’d like a second one. 这个比萨尝起来不错。我想再要一块。
用于what/how引导的感叹句中。 what+a/an+adj+n单数+主+谓
How+adj+a/an+n单数+主+谓
用法 例句
有些不可数名词如knowledge、collection、understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a或an。 have a (good) knowledge/command of...意为“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...意为“了解……”；a collection of... 一批……。
在月份、星期及evening，night，morning，afternoon等名词前有修饰语时，用 a/an On a sunny Friday he went out.在一个晴朗的周五他出去了。
a/an用在可视为一个整体的两个名词前。 I want to buy a knife and fork. 我想买一副刀叉
make a living 谋生 get a lift/ride 搭便车
go on a diet节食 as a result/consequence 因此
as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常，照例
after a little while 一小会儿后 in a hurry 匆忙地
in a sense在某种意义上 in a word总之
in a moment 立刻 once in a while 偶尔
once upon a time 从前 at a loss 困惑，不知所措
for a while 暂时，一时 have a good view of sth 好好看看sth
make a bargain 达成协议 in an emergency 在紧急关头
3.含有a/an的固定搭配
all of a sudden 突然 have a good time 玩得愉快
have/take a look 看一看 have a try 试一试
make a difference 有影响 pay a visit to sb. 拜访某人
play a role in… 在……中发挥作用 take a shower 洗淋浴take a walk 散步 in a way在某种程度上
make a living 谋生 do sb a favour帮某人一个忙
cover an area of占……的面积
in an emergency 在紧急关头 a number of许多
have a good view of sth 有一个好的视野
have a cold/fever 得了感冒 have a history of... 有……历史
have a gift for 有......的天赋 have a word with 与......谈话
have/take a rest 休息一下 have a holiday 度假
have a population of... 有……人口 half an hour半小时
a waste of... ……的浪费 a matter of... ……的问题
quite a few 相当多 a couple of 两个；一对；几个
take a bus/car/plane/ship 乘坐公共汽车/小汽车/飞机/轮船
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 make a fool of 愚弄
once in a while 偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神
give sb a ride 载某人一程 make a bargain达成协议
二.定冠词 the
用法 示例
用在独一无二的事物前。若这类词前有形容词修饰时，可以不用the the sun太阳
a risen sun 升起的太阳
a bright moon 一轮明月
用在上文已提及的人或事物前。 I saw a film yesterday. The film was very interesting. 我昨天看了一部电影。那部电影非常有趣。
用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前。 Can you give me the pencil 你能把那支铅笔给我吗？
由festival构成的中国特有的节日前要加the the spring festival春节
1.定冠词the的基本用法
用法 示例
用在某些专有名词前。 the Great Wall长城
the USA
用在被短语或从句限定的名词前，表特指，翻译为这个，这些，那个，那些 The notebook on the desk isn’t mine. 书桌上的笔记本不是我的。
用在序数词、形容词或副词的最高级之前(副词最高级前的the也可以省略)或由only、very、same等修饰的名词前用定冠词the。 the second floor第二层楼
the tallest boy最高的男孩
the same book相同的书
弹奏西洋乐器名称前往往用定冠词,但是当此类名词用作普通名词时,可以与不定冠词连用。此外,中国乐器名称前不用冠词。 play the piano弹钢琴
buy a violin买小提琴
play erhu拉二胡
用法 示例
the+adj，表示某一类人或事物。 the poor穷人 the homeless
the+n单数，表示某一类人或事物。 The elephant is my favorite animal. 大象是我最喜欢的动物。
in the+年代s，表示在...年代。 in the 1980s
the+姓氏的复数, 指某某一家人或夫妇。 the Browns布朗一家人/布朗夫妇
用在表示“在...方位/早上，下午，晚上”前。 on the left在左边 in the east
in the evening/afternoon/morning
用于“the＋比较级， the＋比较级”结构中，意为“越……就越……” The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.　你越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。
用法 示例
用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day、hour、dozen、week、等)”结构中，意为“按……计算”。但size、weight,height这类不可数名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。by weight/height/size He will also get paid by the week.他也将按周获得报酬。
用于“动词(hit、strike、pull、take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。 hit sb on the head打某人的头
pull/take sb by the hand抓/拉住某人的手
strike sb in the face打某人的脸
用法 示例
用于倍数结构： A is+倍数+the+n+of+B The+n+of+A+is+倍数+that of+B Our school is twice the size of your school.
用于the+比较级+of+n 两者中较....的一个 This room is the larger of the two rooms.
around the world 全世界 at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始 at the same time 同时
at the top of 在……顶部 by the way 顺便说/提一下
in the end最后 by the end of 到...结束
the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天
go to the movies 去看电影 not in the least 一点也不　 　
the other day 几天之前 to the point中肯； 切题　　　 take the place of 代替 at the moment 此刻，目前　 　
in the way 阻碍；挡路　　　　 in the distance在远处
2.含有the的固定搭配
on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反
on the other hand另一方面 on the spot在现场
be in the habit of有……的习惯 make the most/best of充分利用
make the most/best of 充分利用
to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
for the time being 暂时 on the whole 总的来说
in the middle of... 在……中间
in the long run/term 长期来说
on the decrease 在减少 with the help of在....的帮助下
all the year round 全年
三.零冠词
名词前不加冠词就是零冠词
用法 示例
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时不加冠词 They are teachers.他们是教师。
与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 by train 乘火车
by bus 乘公共汽车
称呼语以及职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。 Mr.Li，headmaster of the school，told us that we would have an sports meeting next week.
What shall I do next, Mother
1.零冠词的基本用法
用法 示例
表示年，月，星期，day节日，季节，三餐，play球类、棋牌类，语言，学科等名词前不加冠词。 have breakfast 吃早餐
play football 踢足球
play chess 下象棋
in spring在春天
in August 在八月
on Thursday在周四
on Children’s Day 在儿童节
speak English
learn math
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等名词前有形容词或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。
According to the weather report, we will have a very hot summer this year.
根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
重点记忆
用法 示例
在人名、地名、国名等专有名词前不加冠词 Beijing Street 北京街
Miachel is my friend
He is from England.
当名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及所有格等限定词修饰时不用冠词 That is her bike.那是她的自行车。
Each student in his class studies hard.他班上的每个学生学习都努力。
“零冠词+单数名词+ as/though+主语+谓语+主句”意为“虽然......但是 Child as/though she is, she plays the piano well尽管是个孩子,但她钢琴弹得很好。
用法 示例
系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时,用零冠词。 His sister has turned nurse.
by chance/accident 碰巧
catch/on fire着火 day after day日复一日地
face to face面对面 from time to time不时地
free of charge免费 hand in hand手拉手
heart and soul全心全意地 in danger在危险中
in debt负债 make room for给...腾出地方
on purpose故意地 out of date过时的
on foot步行 from beginning to end（从头到尾）
side by side并排 arm in arm（手挽手）
2.含有零冠词的固定搭配
hand in hand（手牵手） day and night（日日夜夜）
young and old（老老少少） from door to door（挨门挨户）
by mistake 错误地 in history 在历史上
at first 起初 on holiday 在度假
on time 准时 on business 出差
go to school 去上学 have fun 玩得开心
under repair 在维修中 do harm to... 对……有害
in place 到位，在合适的位置 in return 作为回报
lose weight减肥 set fire to放火
come to life活跃起来 come to power 上台执政
take part in参加
ahead of time提前
at dawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
at present目前
in advance提前
lose heart灰心
out of control失控
by oneself 自己，独自
四、有无冠词的短语的区别
方法一　根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个、这/那些”一般填the；
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
方法二　根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或固定搭配，记住这些句式和搭配也有利于解决此类问题。
1.________village where I was born has grown into ________town.
2.As ________ matter of fact, there are two mistakes in the composition.
a
The
a
After dinner he gave Mr. Richard ______ ride to the Capital Airport.
2. I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left the city, I only remember it was ______ cold Monday.
3. If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop ______ ability to get on with others.
4.He pays the rent by month.
5.Don’t forget to invite Jordans.
a
a
the
the
the
1. If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one.
2. I know ______ John Lennon, but not the famous one.
3. Mrs. Taylor has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting —She has won two national prizes.
4.The old man took the boy by hand.
5.That’s best movie I’ve ever seen!
a
a
an
the
the
1. I know you don’t like music very much. But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday
2. In spring of 1982, there was an earthquake.
9. Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ______ most important one.
3.Ericis not going to Nanjing by______plane, he is takng ______train.
4.She feels it ______ excitement
to go to the park.
5.Where were you in afternoon
the
the
the
不填
a
an
the
演练提升
1．Every evening my daughter plays_____piano for an hour.
2．I want to be ______pilot. It is ______exciting job.
3．Tianjin is _____ beautiful city in _____ north of China.
4. ________ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
5.What_____good weather! Let’s have_____quick breakfast and then go to the park.
6.Tom often has_____egg and a glass of milk in
morning every day.
7. Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings
the
a
an
a
the
The
不填
a
an
the
不填
1．________ new study says that going to ________ bed late is harmful to our health.
2．I would like ______ second piece of bread.
3．____ horse is ______ useful animal.
4.I have a book. ______ book is red.
5.______ Dragon Boat Festival is one of______ most important festivals in China.
6. more she thought about it, the more depressed she became.
A
不填
a
A
a
The
The
the
The
1．Do you play ______ piano on the weekends
- No. I often play ______ football with my friends.
2．)Just as ________ old saying goes：“fallen leaves are destined to return to the root”
3．My left ankle was swollen hour later.
4.Jane joined an art club at age of six and paints well.
5.What useful book it is!
6.England is _______European country and Singapore is _ ____Asian country.
the
不填
an
an
the
a
a
an
1．________ accident may happen if drivers drive after drinking.
2．I would like ______ piece of bread and milk.
3．____ heavy rain struck the city.
4.I am______ first to finish the work.
5.______ Teachers' Day is coming.
6.The earth revolves around sun.
7.It’s sometimes hard to imagine how bad
things were in 1730s.
An
不填
a
A
the
零冠词
the
the