专题02 记叙文通关练
记叙文解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
考生在做阅读理解题时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还要针对不同的文章题材和体裁的篇目特点运用正确的解题方法和技巧。同时了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
从体裁特点看：记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程和发展的文体。人物传记、小说、寓言及记叙性散文等都属于记叙文的范畴。
从内容特点看：记叙文从内容上一般分为两种，一种是“叙事抒情”，通过事情的叙述描写抒发情感；还有一种是通过事情的叙述说明一定的道理，即“叙事说理”
从写作顺序看：记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序展开。最后常用一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟。
从命题形式看：常见的有细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、写作意图题等题型。记叙文的阅读理解题要求考生能理解记叙文的顺序与所讲的故事情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。
从命题顺序看：记叙文的命题顺序一般采用题文同序法，按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。
以下集中是常见的阅读方法和解题技巧，
跳读法：即快速通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别注意文章中所提到的多个事件、地点和人物，理清楚事件的起因、经过和结果。在这个过程中，一般先看文章的开头和结尾，读懂抒情或说理的句子，即理解了文章的主题。
题干定位法：阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息。
精读法：根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中涉及较多人物，要弄清楚人物之间的关系。
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2023·江苏盐城·高三校联考）
I used to live in Southern Africa and recently went back to Botswana to visit the Central Kalahari Game Reserve with my friend Oscar. Why Because there’s nothing quite like the vast African wilderness...
Our jeep moved slowly along the too-hot-to-touch sand. With no air conditioner and an engine which might break down at any time, it was tough work. The dry heat was fierce and the only break came from using our precious water for brief bucket showers.
With no supplies available within the park—it was a sort of no man’s land which was inhabited by the occasional cow — it is necessary to bring all your fuel, food and water with you.
We camped in a small place in the center of the woods. At the height of the dry season, leaves in the trees had all fallen down, shade was in scant supply, so we placed ourselves near a leaf less tree. As the sun set, we drove towards the watering hole a few miles away, and were reminded just why we’d chosen to spend weeks suffering this exercise on ourselves. A lone lion paused his lapping to acknowledge our arrival. He yawned, and then carried on drinking.
That night, sleeping on the roof of the jeep, we felt his shouting as much as heard it. Those vast African skies offered the only indication that the outside world hadn’t come to a state of quietness, as bright satellite whipped across the blackness.
In the morning we saw that the lion had walked in the road overnight, his paw prints pressed into yesterday’s tyre tracks.
We set off for another morning inching through the sand; another day of changing landscapes and raw, wild beauty; another night lit by shooting stars.
1．What can we learn about the author
A．He is now living in Botswana.
B．He enjoys the wildness of nature
C．He slept in a hotel at night.
D．He didn’t take enough food and water.
2．What did they think of their journey
A．Cozy and safe B．Scary and annoying
C．Amazing and tough D．Pleasant and easy
3．What does the underlined word “scant” in paragraph 4 mean
A．inadequate B．unbending C．abundant D．ready
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Shining Stars and A Lone Lion
B．My Great Escape into the Wild
C．Travelling in the Southern Africa
D．Camping in Too-Hot-to-Touch Sand
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述的是作者的非洲荒野之旅，这个旅途上很艰苦，但是自然美景吸引他们勇敢地继续前进．
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I used to live in Southern Africa and recently went back to Botswana to visit the Central Kalahari Game Reserve with my friend Oscar. Why Because there’s nothing quite like the vast African wilderness...(曾经住在非洲南部，最近和我的朋友奥斯卡一起回到博茨瓦纳参观了卡拉哈里中央野生动物保护区。为什么？因为没有什么能像广阔的非洲荒野一样)”可知，他到博茨瓦纳参观，并且喜欢大自然的野性。根据第二段中“The dry heat was fierce and the only break came from using our precious water for brief bucket showers. (干热酷热难耐，唯一的休息就是用我们珍贵的水做短暂的水桶淋浴。)”可知，他水充足。根据第五段中“That night, sleeping on the roof of the jeep (那天晚上，我们睡在吉普车的车顶上)”可知，他晚上不睡在旅馆里。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“With no air conditioner and an engine which might break down at any time, it was tough work. (没有空调，发动机随时都可能出故障，这是一项艰巨的工作。)”可知，旅行艰难；第一段中“Because there's nothing quite like the vast African wilderness… (因为没有什么能像广阔的非洲荒野一样……)”以及最后一段“We set off for another morning inching through the sand; another day of changing landscapes and raw, wild beauty; another night lit by shooting stars. (我们在沙滩上缓慢前行，开始了另一个早晨；又是变幻的风景和原始、野性之美的一天；又是一个被流星照亮的夜晚。)”由此可知非洲大草原的神奇。 故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词前的“At the height of the dry season, leaves in the trees had all fallen down (在旱季最盛的时候，树上的叶子都掉了下来)”和后面的“so we placed ourselves near a leaf less tree (所以我们把自己放在一棵没有叶子的树旁边)”可知，在旱季最严重的时候，树上的叶子都掉了，树荫不足。由此可见，scant意为“不足的”。A. inadequate不充足；B. unbending不弯曲；C. abundant充足；D. ready准备好的。故选A。
4．标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“I used to live in Southern Africa and recently went back to Botswana to visit the Central Kalahari Game Reserve with my friend Oscar. Why Because there’s nothing quite like the vast African wilderness... (我曾经住在非洲南部，最近和我的朋友奥斯卡一起回到博茨瓦纳参观了卡拉哈里中央野生动物保护区。为什么？因为没有什么能像广阔的非洲荒野一样……)可知，本文讲述的是作者的非洲荒野之旅，这个旅途上很艰苦，但是自然美景吸引他们勇敢地继续前进。B选项“My Great Escape into the Wild (我的荒野大逃亡)”，符合题意，其它选项都是以偏概全。故选B。
2.（2023·重庆·高三第十一中学校校考）
Once upon a time a little leaf was heard to sigh and cry, as leaves often do when a gentle wind is about.
And the twig (细枝) said, “What is the matter, little leaf ”
And the leaf said, “The wind just told me that one day it would pull me off and throw me down to lie on the ground!”
The twig told it to the branch on which it grew, and the branch told it to the tree. And when the tree heard it, it rustled all over, and sent back word to the leaf, “Do not be afraid; hold on tightly, and you shall not go till you want to.”
And so the leaf stopped sighing, but went on nestling and singing. Every time the tree shook itself and stirred up all its leaves, the branches shook themselves, and the little twig shook itself, and the little leaf danced up and down merrily, as if nothing could ever pull it off.
And so it grew all summer long until October.
And when the bright days of autumn came, the little leaf saw all the leaves around becoming very beautiful. Some were yellow, and some scarlet, and some mixed with both colors.
Then it asked the tree what it meant. And the tree said, “All these leaves are getting ready to fly away, and they have put on these beautiful colors because of joy.”
Then the little leaf began to want to go, and grew very beautiful in thinking of it, and when it was very bright, it saw that the branches of the tree had no color in them, and so the leaf said, “Oh branches, why are you lead color and we golden ”
“We must keep on our work clothes, for our life is not done; but your clothes are for holiday...”
Just then a little puff of wind came, and the leaf let go without thinking of it, and the wind took it up, and turned it over and over, and whirled it like a spark of fire in the air, and then it fell gently down under the fence among hundreds of other leaves, and began to dream — a dream so beautiful that perhaps it will last forever.
5．Why was the little leaf anxious
A．It would lose the twig soon. B．It would be blown off by the wind.
C．It couldn’t nestle on the tree. D．It would fly away from the tree.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 5
A．The tree taught the leaf to be merry. B．The branches are the nest of the leaf.
C．The tree was strong to fight against the wind. D．The little leaf conquered its fear and anxiety.
7．What does the underlined sentence probably mean in the passage
A．The leaf was changing its color for holiday. B．The branches were of tired of the leaf.
C．The leaf was on the way to falling off. D．The branches were jealous of the leaf.
8．Which saying can best explain the philosophy of this passage
A．Every dark cloud has a silver lining. B．Everything on earth goes with the law of nature.
C．The grass is always greener on the other side. D．Life is of high value but freedom is more precious.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一片小叶子因为害怕被风吹走而焦虑，后来它看到其他的叶子都变得非常美丽，十分羡慕，于是最后小叶子也随着风飘落了。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“And the leaf said, “The wind just told me that one day it would pull me off and throw me down to lie on the ground!”(叶子说：“风刚刚告诉我，有一天它会把我拉下来，把我扔到地上！”)”可知，小叶子焦虑是因为怕被风吹走。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“And so the leaf stopped sighing, but went on nestling and singing. Every time the tree shook itself and stirred up all its leaves, the branches shook themselves, and the little twig shook itself, and the little leaf danced up and down merrily, as if nothing could ever pull it off.(于是叶子停止了叹息，继续依偎着，歌唱着。每当这棵树摇动自己，把所有的叶子都卷起来的时候，树枝也摇动自己，小树枝也摇动自己，小叶子高兴地跳上跳下，好像什么也不能把它扯下来似的)”可知，小叶子克服了恐惧和焦虑。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线句后文“and then it fell gently down under the fence among hundreds of other leaves”可知，叶子轻轻地落在篱笆下面，和其他成百上千的树叶一起，说明起风的时候它掉下来了，故划线句意思是“那片叶子在掉落”。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了一片小叶子因为害怕被风吹走而焦虑，后来它看到其他的叶子都变得非常美丽，十分羡慕，于是最后小叶子也随着风飘落了。可推知，故事告诉我们地球上的一切都遵循自然规律。故选B。
3.（2024·河北·高三石家庄精英中学校联考期末）
Ernest Hemingway, the Nobel Prize-winning American writer, first visited Pamplona during the traditional festival 100 years ago. The festival started more than seven hundred years ago. For nine days, people come to the northern Spanish city for bull running, bullfighting and partying.
The festival affected Hemingway so deeply that he returned eight times. Here is a description of what happens at the start of the bull running: A rocket would be lit. And the bulls would charge out of the gate. At that moment, a crowd of runners wearing white clothes and red scarves would start to run. They would look back, move and dance to avoid being injured by the charging bull’s horns. Onlookers would cheer them on from balconies above.
In 1926, Hemingway wrote his first book, The Sun Also Rises. He wrote about his experiences in Pamplona and established himself as the voice of what became known as the Lost Generation. “I can’t stand it to think my life is going so fast and I’m not really living it,” says one character in the book. “Nobody ever lives their life all the way up except bull-fighters,” is the answer.
Bill Hillman is a 41-year-old professor from Chicago. He first read the book at college. When he turned to the last page, he learnt two things: He wanted to become a writer, and he would run in front of Pamplona’s bulls someday. His first running of the bulls was in 2005 and he has been running ever since. He has been wounded twice, but that has not lessened his interest.
Last year, 1.7 million people came to the festival. Pamplona native Miguel has written about the festival’s links to Hemingway. He believes the writer’s influence on its popularity has been as large as people say. Besides, he thinks that Pamplona is still using Hemingway to gain attention. “We made him into an icon,” he said.
9．What is the main attraction of the festival in Pamplona
A．Hemingway’s influence. B．Running bulls.
C．The long history of the town. D．The beautiful scenery there.
10．Why does the author quote Hemingway’s words in paragraph 2
A．To show the writer’s talent for language. B．To show the popularity of the festival.
C．To show the details of the festival. D．To show the writer’s personal experience.
11．Which word can best describe Bill Hillman
A．Strong-willed. B．Stubborn. C．Adventurous. D．Desperate.
12．What is the main idea of the text
A．People take an active part in bull fighting.
B．Ernest Hemingway is an icon in a famous city.
C．The festival in Pamplona is still as popular as before.
D．Ernest Hemingway has an influence on Pamplona’s festival.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了美国作家海明威对西班牙潘普洛纳奔牛节的影响。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段的“For nine days, people come to the northern Spanish city for bull running, bullfighting and partying.(在为期九天的时间里，人们来到这个西班牙北部城市参加奔牛、斗牛和派对)”以及第二段的“Here is a description of what happens at the start of the bull running: A rocket would be lit. And the bulls would charge out of the gate.(下面是对奔牛开始时发生的事情的描述：火箭会被点燃，公牛会冲出大门)”可知，奔牛节是西班牙潘普洛纳的传统节日，每年吸引游客，其主要特色是奔牛。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“The festival affected Hemingway so deeply that he returned eight times. Here is a description of what happens at the start of the bull running: A rocket would be lit. And the bulls would charge out of the gate. At that moment, a crowd of runners wearing white clothes and red scarves would start to run. They would look back, move and dance to avoid being injured by the charging bull’s horns. Onlookers would cheer them on from balconies above.(这个节日深深地影响了海明威，他去了八次。下面是对奔牛开始时发生的事情的描述：火箭会被点燃，公牛会冲出大门。在那一刻，一群穿着白色衣服，戴着红色围巾的跑步者开始跑步。他们会回头看，移动和跳舞，以避免被冲过来的牛角伤害。旁观者会在上面的阳台上为他们加油)”可知，文章引用海明威描述奔牛节的原话，目的是阐述奔牛节的细节。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段的“His first running of the bulls was in 2005 and he has been running ever since. He has been wounded twice, but that has not lessened his interest.(他第一次公牛赛跑是在2005年，从那以后他一直在跑。他受过两次伤，但这并没有减少他的兴趣)”可知，比尔·希尔曼深受海明威的影响，他最终也去参加奔牛节了并且矢志不渝地坚持下来了。由此可以说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Pamplona native Miguel has written about the festival’s links to Hemingway. He believes the writer’s influence on its popularity has been as large as people say. Besides, he thinks that Pamplona is still using Hemingway to gain attention.(潘普洛纳本地人米格尔写过关于这个节日与海明威的联系。他认为，这位作家对其受欢迎程度的影响正如人们所说的那样大。此外，他认为潘普洛纳仍在利用海明威来吸引人们的注意)”以及美国作家海明威曾多次去西班牙潘普洛纳参加奔牛节，他在《太阳照样升起》一书中讲述了奔牛节的事情。本文主要讲述了他对奔牛节的影响。比较选项可知，D项“欧内斯特·海明威对潘普洛纳的节日产生了影响”最能概括本文的大意。故选D。
4.（2023·云南·高三云南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Karen Sturges was knitting a sweater for her daughter’s future baby. Bad news came — she was diagnosed with cancer.
“What she was most concerned about was finishing the sweater,” said her daughter Annie Gatewood. “She was just distraught when thinking she wasn’t going to be able to finish it.” Sturges worked on the sweater until four days before she died in 2021, with it unfinished. No member of the family knew how to knit.
Then in 2022, Gatewood was matched with a “finisher” Sarah in Portland, — one of the over 1,000 volunteers who complete unfinished arts projects for grieving loved ones through a group called Loose Ends. Finishing knitting the sweater, Sarah handed it off to Gatewood. “I saw her and burst into tears, because she looks like my mom,” said Gatewood. “We know for sure my mom would have been just delighted.”
Kaplan and Simonic started Loose Ends. Both are expert knitters knowing what it is like to have a loved one leave behind an unfinished project. The finisher doesn’t charge any money. The only cost is for mailing.
Opuda signed up as a finisher. She is crocheting (用钩针编织) a blue blanket for someone whose mother passed away. The blanket was one of three the mother was working on throughout her cancer treatments, and although they are not perfect, the children wanted to keep everything their mother made. “People just don’t really know how much time something takes, especially a blanket. Yet even through her illness and all her pain and challenges, she still managed to make so much progress. I didn’t want her kids to lose that,” said Opuda.
“We all experience pain,” said Simonic. “You don’t know what someone’s going through on a day-to-day basis that’s going to make them give up, but I do know these little acts of kindness make people realize there are people out there willing to help.”
13．What can be learned about Loose Ends
A．It charges receivers lot. B．It meets patients’ unreal wishes.
C．It consists of generous helpers. D．It recycles valuable unfinished pieces.
14．What did Opuda want the blanket receivers to know about their mother
A．She was a well-trained crafter. B．She suffered a lot from cancer.
C．She hoped to keep the family tradition. D．She had a great affection for them.
15．What does Simonic intend to tell us
A．A small act of kindness can mean a lot. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．A patient’s work should be respected. D．Love begins with a little smile.
16．What might be a suitable title for the text
A．Loose Ends to Help Finish Undone Handicrafts B．Artworks to Make up for Family Regrets
C．Finishers to Help Restore Family Treasures D．Remains to Convey Love to the Beloved
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个叫做“Loose Ends”的组织，免费帮助失去亲人的家庭完成逝者生前留下的未完成的编织品的故事。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“The finisher doesn’t charge any money. The only cost is for mailing.(完成者不收取任何费用。唯一的费用是邮寄费)”可推知，这个组织由慷慨的助人为乐者组成。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People just don’t really know how much time something takes, especially a blanket. Yet even through her illness and all her pain and challenges, she still managed to make so much progress. I didn’t want her kids to lose that(人们只是不知道做一件事要花多少时间，尤其是一条毯子。然而，即使经历了疾病、痛苦和挑战，她仍然取得了如此大的进步。我不想让她的孩子失去这一切)”可知，Opuda是想让逝者的孩子们知道妈妈对他们的爱。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We all experience pain,” said Simonic. “You don’t know what someone’s going through on a day-to-day basis that’s going to make them give up, but I do know these little acts of kindness make people realize there are people out there willing to help.”(“我们都经历过痛苦，”Simonic说。“你不知道一个人每天经历了什么会让他们放弃，但我知道这些小小的善举会让人们意识到有人愿意帮助他们。”)”可知，Simonic认为，“我们都经历过痛苦，你不知道一个人在日常生活中经历了什么会让他们放弃，但我知道这些小善举让人们意识到有些人愿意去帮助他们”，即“一个小小的善举却意义深远”。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Then in 2022, Gatewood was matched with a “finisher” Sarah in Portland, — one of the over 1,000 volunteers who complete unfinished arts projects for grieving loved ones through a group called Loose Ends.(然后在2022年，盖特伍德与波特兰的“完成者”萨拉配对，萨拉是1000多名志愿者中的一员，他们通过一个名为Loose Ends的组织为悲伤的亲人完成未完成的艺术项目)”可知，文章介绍了一个免费帮助失去至亲的家庭完成逝者生前未完成的如织毛衣、织地毯之类的手工项目的组织 —— Loose Ends。由此可知，A选项“Loose Ends帮助完成未完成的手工艺品”最符合文章标题。故选A。
5.（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中校考阶段练习）
I’m a grandma in my 60s. In the spring of 2020, like the rest of the world, I spent a lot of time staring at a screen and that was when I first got into the YouTube world. I discovered that onscreen offerings were truly endless. From one YouTuber I learned how to plant my own vegetable garden. Someone else shared poetry from Robert Frost, wise sayings from Confucius, and a smattering (一知半解) of other philosophical viewpoints, all of which helped me through some dark days. Down the rabbit hole I went, scrolling for hours and hours, watching other people living their lives and giving me advice on how to live mine.
As the months rolled by, YouTube turned my attention away from the hard reality of what was going on in the world. I subscribed to several channels and waited anxiously for new weekly offerings. I watched people reading poetry or painting by streams or looking out windows into snowy landscapes. I found all this calming. Such lovely scenery, such beautiful background music, such pretty clothes they were wearing!
At some point though, I got upset by these artistic and seemingly perfect lives. Who is filming them I wondered. Do they rehearse or just act on the spot Isn’t it cold, stepping through snowbanks in dresses The questions kept bothering me while forcing comparisons to my own somewhat more ordinary existence. I wanted to walk in a flowing dress through hilly green field filled with wildflowers! Instead, I was marching through my neighborhood’s city streets in mom jeans.
In a moment of insight, I realized that I had a full and happy life, which although it wouldn’t win awards for perfection onscreen, suited me perfectly. I put my phone away and started paying attention to my own life instead of watching other people live theirs. I still like checking in once in a while. YouTube can be a rich source of entertainment and inspiration, but I’ve limited my exposure. I am content with the knowledge that my addiction to life onscreen has been replaced by life itself.
17．What can be learned about the author in the spring of 2020
A．She experienced some hard times.
B．She taught others about gardening.
C．She developed an interest in poetry.
D．She shared her philosophical views online.
18．What effect did YouTube have on the author according to paragraph 2
A．It made her more anxious.
B．It improved her taste in art.
C．It taught her to accept reality.
D．It brought some comfort to her.
19．How did the artistic lives presented on YouTube make the author feel
A．Desperate. B．Connected. C．Envious. D．Proud.
20．What has the author decided to do in the end
A．Seek inspiration from YouTube.
B．Stop using her phone in daily life.
C．Focus on her own life instead of others’.
D．Continue watching other people’s lives.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有一段时间作者觉得YouTube上的世界很有意思，从中得到慰藉，度过了当时艰难的日子。但是逐渐地作者对那些艺术的、看似完美的生活产生了不安和嫉妒，她突然意识到自己的生活实际上是充实而幸福的，是最适合自己的，于是决定专注于自己的生活，而非他人的生活。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Someone else shared poetry from Robert Frost, wise sayings from Confucius, and a smattering (一知半解) of other philosophical viewpoints, all of which helped me through some dark days. (还有人分享了罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌，孔子的名言，以及一知半解的其他哲学观点，所有这些都帮助我度过了一些黑暗的日子)”可知，当时作者在经历困难的时期。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As the months rolled by, YouTube turned my attention away from the hard reality of what was going on in the world. (几个月过去了，YouTube把我的注意力从世界上正在发生的残酷现实上转移开了)”和“I found all this calming. Such lovely scenery, such beautiful background music, such pretty clothes they were wearing! (我发现这一切都很平静。多么美丽的风景，多么美妙的背景音乐，他们穿着多么漂亮的衣服)”可知，YouTube让作者不再那么关注现实世界的残酷，让她感到平静。由此可知，它给她带来了一些安慰。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The questions kept bothering me while forcing comparisons to my own somewhat more ordinary existence. I wanted to walk in a flowing dress through hilly green field filled with wildflowers! Instead, I was marching through my neighborhood’s city streets in mom jeans. (这些问题一直困扰着我，同时迫使我把自己不知怎么的更普通的生活（与之）进行比较。我想穿着飘逸的裙子，穿过长满野花的绿色田野！相反，我穿着妈妈式牛仔裤在我社区的城市街道上前进)”可知，作者被YouTube上呈现的艺术的生活困扰，忍不住觉得自己的生活非常普通，自己想过那样艺术的、诗意的生活，但现实却与之相去甚远。由此可知，那样的生活让作者感到嫉妒。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I put my phone away and started paying attention to my own life instead of watching other people live theirs. (我把手机收起来，开始关注自己的生活，而不是看着别人过他们的生活)”可知，最后作者决定专注于自己的生活，而非他人的生活。故选C项。
6.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学校考）
“Twelve years ago, I was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and wiped out my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ failure.” Kaufman recalled, “I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Fortunately, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!”
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
“What I found out was that if you didn’t have post-transplant-housing, you couldn’t get listed and admitted into the hospital,” Kaufman said. She leaned that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What’s more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. “One organ donor can save eight lives and then there’s tissue and skin and eyes and blood vessels (血管) and so many other things,” Kaufman said. “The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centers, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes.”
To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
21．Why did Kaufman take about her memory in Paragraph 1
A．To illustrate the significance of life.
B．To recall her plain and boring days.
C．To indicate her motivation for paying back.
D．To confirm her enthusiasm for the profession.
22．For a transplant patient, admission into the hospital requires the following EXCEPT ________.
A．health insurance B．nearby housing
C．financial security D．afford transportation
23．Which of the following best describes Kaufman
A．Brave and caring. B．Grateful and warm-hearted.
C．Considerate and hardworking. D．Sympathetic and easy-going.
24．What message does the text mainly convey
A．It’s better to give than to receive.
B．The blessed bear the heart of giving.
C．Health matters much more than wealth.
D．Volunteering makes the world a better place.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．B
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了Kaufman在获得他人的器官捐献而重获新生后成立非营利组织去帮助其他病人的故事。
21．推理判断题。由第二段“After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.”（在洛杉矶医院做志愿者后，考夫曼创办了非营利组织 Ava’s Heart。她和她的组织为移植患者提供通常不在保险范围内的服务，包括食物、汽油、共同支付的药物和住房。）可知，第二段及下文都在讲她和她的非营利组织帮助其她病人的事情，这些都是源于第一段她被别人救了，所以第一段提及她的经历是为了表明她偿还（去帮助别人）的动机。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。由第三段“Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.”（患者必须有经济保障，并且能够负担得起交通费用。更重要的是，他们必须在移植医院附近找到住处：考夫曼经营着两个住宿地点，这使得患者在后期护理期间可以留在移植医院附近，通常大约三个月是免费的。）可知，病人必须在医院附近有房子、有经济保障、能负担起交通才能进医院治疗，只有A项没提到。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。由第二段“After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava's Heart.”（在洛杉矶医院做志愿者后，考夫曼创办了非营利组织 Ava's Heart。）可知，Kaufman被人帮助后成立了非营利组织去帮助其她病人，可知她感恩、热心。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。由尾段“To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.”（迄今为止，Ava’s Heart 已经帮助了近 90 个家庭，为他们的亲人支付了丧葬费用，他们的器官挽救了无数生命。考夫曼还与接受捐赠的人密切合作，与捐赠者家庭建立关系，并传播对器官捐赠重要性的认识。）并联系全文可知，Kaufman有爱心、懂得感恩，她获得保佑，获得了别人捐赠的器官而重获新生，所以本文的中心思想是“懂得奉献的人会被保佑”。故选B项。
7.（2023·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校联考期末）
For his entire life, Sergio Peralta from the US dreamed about playing catch. When he was born, his right hand didn’t fully develop, with only tiny fingers at the end of his arm. So he learned to write, eat and carry books with only one hand. Over the years, the 15-year-old lost hope that anything would change.
Peralta said on his first day of high school he honestly felt like hiding his hand in his sleeve, so nobody would ever find out. But his classmates, to his surprise, supported him in a way he never expected. The school’s engineering teacher, Jeff Wilkins, came and told him that his fellow students might be able to help.
“They ended up offering, ‘We could build your prosthetic (假体的) hand,’ and I never expected it,” he told CBS News. “Like, never in a million years.” Three students used their access to online models of prostheses and a 3D printer to make a plan. After four weeks, their project came to fruition. They used polylactic acid (聚乳酸), a common material in 3D printing that’s also used to make electronic devices, as the hand’s main fabric. They applied another plastic material commonly found in phone shells to make the fingers spread and squeeze objects. And they added a fishing line, so Peralta could fix the hand to his forearm.
Bob Cotter, the principal of Hendersonville High School, told the BBC that his students are encouraged to turn concepts “into reality”, adding that Peralta’s new prosthesis is “a proof to the students who care about each other”.
Peralta-who grew up learning to do everything with his left hand-was even able to catch a baseball with the prosthetic hand created by his classmates. “When I caught it for the first time, everyone started freaking out.” Peralta said with a smile. “It was the first time I caught a ball with my right hand in my IS years.”
25．How did Sergio feel about his hand when he started high school
A．He felt at a loss for it. B．He felt unaffected by it
C．He was optimistic about it. D．He was open to accepting it
26．What do we know about the prosthesis made by Peralta’s classmates
A．It was finished in four months. B．It could be controlled by a phone.
C．Its main material is polylactic acid. D．Its fingers were not flexible enough.
27．What does Peralta’s new prosthesis show according to Bob Cotter
A．The students’ critical thinking. B．The students’ imagination.
C．The students’ determination. D．The students’ mutual support.
28．What does the underlined phrase “freaking out” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Feeling panicked. B．Becoming overjoyed.
C．Calming down. D．Showing concern.
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sergio Peralta从小因右手缺陷而学会用左手完成各种任务，但在高中时期，他的同学们和老师用科技帮助他制作了一只假肢手，使他能够实现接球的梦想。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Peralta said on his first day of high school he honestly felt like hiding his hand in his sleeve, so nobody would ever find out. (Peralta说，在他高中的第一天，他真的想把他的手藏在袖子里，这样就没有人会发现。)”可知，Peralta刚上高中的时候，对自己的手感到不知所措，很想把自己的手藏在袖子里。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Three students used their access to online models of prostheses and a 3D printer to make a plan. After four weeks, their project came to fruition. They used polylactic acid (聚乳酸), a common material in 3D printing that’s also used to make electronic devices, as the hand’s main fabric. They applied another plastic material commonly found in phone shells to make the fingers spread and squeeze objects. And they added a fishing line, so Peralta could fix the hand to his forearm. (三名学生利用在线假肢模型和3D打印机制定了一个计划。四周后，他们的项目取得了成果。他们使用聚乳酸(一种3D打印中常见的材料，也用于制造电子设备)作为手的主要材料。他们使用了另一种常见于手机壳的塑料材料，使手指展开并挤压物体。他们还加了一根钓鱼线，这样Peralta就可以把手固定在前臂上。)”可知，Peralta的同学们所做的假肢主语材料是聚乳酸。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Bob Cotter, the principal of Hendersonville High School, told the BBC that his students are encouraged to turn concepts “into reality”, adding that Peralta’s new prosthesis is “a proof to the students who care about each other”. (亨德森维尔高中校长Bob Cotter告诉BBC，他的学生们被鼓励把概念“变成现实”，并补充说Peralta的新假肢“证明了学生们彼此关心”。)”可知，Bob Cotter认为，他的学生们被鼓励把概念“变成现实”，新假肢体现了学生们之间的彼此关心。故选D。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“It was the first time I caught a ball with my right hand in my IS years. (这是我这么多年来第一次用右手接球。)”以及上文内容可知，Peralta从小右手就没有发育完全，由此可推测，当他第一次可以用右手接球时，他应该感到非常高兴。选项A“Feeling panicked(感到恐慌)”；选项B“Becoming overjoyed(变得欣喜若狂)”；选项C“Calming down(冷静下来)”；选项D“Showing concern(表示关心)”。故选B。
8.（2024·河南·高三商丘市第一高级中学校考阶段练习）
I'd done it before, and so I had no reason to believe that this time would be any different. I was sure that when I returned home from my mission trip, as always, I'd bring back nothing more than some mud on my boots, a hole or two in my jeans and, of course, a lot of great memories.
The summer before my high school graduation, I went to West Virginia with others as volunteers to repair the homes of those in need. Arriving at our destination, my group was assigned the task of rebuilding sections of a home that had been damaged by fire. No sooner had we parked on the home's dirt driveway than we saw an excited little girl, no more than six years old, standing in the doorway of the family's temporary home. Shoeless and wearing dirty clothes and the biggest smile I'd ever seen, she yelled, "Ma, Ma, they really came! " I didn't know it then, but her name was Dakota, and four more days would pass before she’d say another word near me.
Behind Dakota was a woman in a wheelchair—her grandmother, we'd soon learn. I also discovered that my job that week would be to help change a fire—damaged dining room into a bedroom for this little girl. Grabbing our tools, we went to work. Over the following days, I noticed Dakota peeking at us every now and then as we worked. A few times. I tried talking with her, but she remained shy and distant, always flying around us like a tiny butterfly but keeping to herself.
By our fifth and final day, however, this was about to change.
Before I went to work on her home on that last morning, I spoke for a moment or two with the grandmother. I was especially pleased when she told me how much Dakota loved her new room so much, in fact, that she'd begged to sleep in it the previous night, even though it wasn't quite ready. As we talked, I noticed something I hadn’t seen before—Dakota was hiding behind her grandmother. Cautiously, she stepped into view, and I could see that just like her clothes, her face was still dirty. But no amount of soil could hide those bright blue eyes and big smile. She was simply adorable. I wanted so much to hug her, but respecting her shyness, I kept my distance.
Slowly, she began walking toward me. It wasn't until she was just inches away that I noticed the folded piece of paper in her tiny hand. Silently, she reached up and handed it to me. Once unfolded, I looked at the drawing she'd made with her broken crayons on the back of an old coloring book cover. It was of two girls—one much taller than the other—and they were holding hands. She told me it was supposed to be me and her and on the bottom of the paper were three little words that instantly broke my heart. Now almost in tears, I couldn't control myself anymore—I bent down and hugged her. She hugged me, too. And for the longest time, neither one of us could let go.
By early afternoon, we finished Dakota's bedroom, and so I gladly used the rare free time to get to know my newest friend. Sitting under a tree away from the others, we shared a few apples while she told me about her life. As I listened to her stories about the struggles she and her family went through daily, I began to realize how boring various aspects of my own life were.
I left for home early the next morning. I was returning with muddy boots and holes in my jeans. But because of Dakota, I brought back something else, too—a greater appreciation for all of the blessing of my life. I’ll never forget that barefoot little butterfly with the big smile and dirty face. I pray that she’ll never forget me either.
29．From the appearance description of the little girl, we know _______.
A．she formed a bad living habit
B．she hoped for a better education
C．she was an innocent and lovely child
D．she was strong and calm in the inner world
30．What were probably written on the bottom of the paper
A．Enjoy your help.
B．Please don’t leave.
C．Help me, please.
D．Hug me close.
31．How did the author feel after unfolding the piece of paper
A．She worried about the little girl’s future.
B．She decided to keep helping the little girl.
C．She felt a greater affection for the little girl.
D．She got surprised at the little girl’s worthless gift.
32．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．One must learn to share life experiences.
B．One often wants to lead a meaningful life.
C．One occasionally benefits from the poverty.
D．One should be more grateful for the gift of life.
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．C 32．D
【分析】本文是记叙文。作者像往常一样去西弗吉尼亚州做志愿者，遇到了一个害羞的小姑娘，最终小姑娘给了作者一封让她感动的信，这让作者意识到，一个人应该更感激生活的馈赠。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ Shoeless and wearing dirty clothes and the biggest smile I'd ever seen, she yelled, "Ma, Ma, they really came! " ”（她没穿鞋，穿着脏衣服，脸上挂着我见过的最灿烂的笑容，大声喊道：“妈妈，妈妈，他们真的来了!”）及文章第五段“But no amount of soil could hide those bright blue eyes and big smile. She was simply adorable.”（但再多的泥土也掩盖不了她那双明亮的蓝眼睛和灿烂的笑容。她简直可爱极了。）可知，这个小女孩是天真可爱的。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者是一个志愿者。再根据文章第六段“She told me it was supposed to be me and her and on the bottom of the paper were three little words that instantly broke my heart. Now almost in tears, I couldn't control myself anymore—I bent down and hugged her. She hugged me, too. And for the longest time, neither one of us could let go. ”（她告诉我应该是我和她，在纸的底部有三个小字，让我的心立刻碎了。我再也无法控制自己，几乎要哭了——我弯下腰去拥抱她。她也拥抱了我。很长一段时间，我们都不愿意放手。）由此判断出，小女孩写在底部的字应该是让作者不要离开。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据第六段“on the bottom of the paper were three little words that instantly broke my heart. Now almost in tears, I couldn't control myself anymore—I bent down and hugged her. ”（在这张纸的底部有三个小字，立刻使我的心都碎了。我再也无法控制自己，几乎要哭了——我弯下腰去拥抱她。）可推断出作者对于小女孩的感情更深了一步。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But because of Dakota, I brought back something else, too—a greater appreciation for all of the blessing of my life.”（但因为Dakota，我也带回了别的东西——更加感激我生活中所有的恩惠。）由此判断出，作者借故事告诉我们，一个人应该更感激生活的馈赠。故选D项。
9.（2023·福建泉州·高三福建省泉州第一中学校考）
For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self-improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self- reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back.
33．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She could change her weight at will.
B．She had different beauty standards from others.
C．She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D．She was greatly influenced by others’ opinions.
34．Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”？
A．She was poorly disciplined. B．She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C．She was labeled as lazy for her weight. D．She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
35．What caused the author to make a change
A．Her lighter body. B．A troublesome illness.
C．Popular beauty standards. D．Others’ critical comments.
36．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Beauty matters. B．Opinions vary.
C．Worth your weight. D．Beyond your limits.
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者过去由于自己的体重问题很在意别人的看法，由于生病作者意识到体重不是自己问题的根源，作者开始接受自己的体重并慢慢学会接受自己。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.(由于没有达到传统的审美标准，我确信，如果我想被爱，我需要付出更多，做任何事情来取悦周围的人。)”可知，别人的看法对作者的影响很大。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.(当我步入成年的时候，我觉得自己还不够“足够”——这种想法不仅源于人们对“瘦”的赞美，还源于人们对减肥、自我完善、自律等美德的描述。肥胖很快就会被归类为懒惰和不守纪律的人。)”可知，由于肥胖作者还被贴上了懒惰和不自律的标签。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.( 例如，我没有意识到，我的月经比以前更沉重，更痛苦。事实上，我得了一种罕见的疾病，后来做了两次手术。)”、第四段“I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true.( 我总是觉得我的体重是我生活中许多问题的根源;我知道这不是真的。)”以及第四段“I have taken first steps to acceptance.(我已经迈出了接受的第一步。)”可知，由于生病作者意识到体重不是自己问题的根源，由此推测，是生病让作者决心做出改变。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是文章最后一段中“There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long.( 有些日子，我在社交媒体上发现有人说我太胖了，不值得被爱，不值得值得，但我正在学习不要长时间关注这种想法。)”可知，作者主要想表达接受自己的体重，并学会爱自己。C项“你的体重有价值”符合题意。故选C。
10.（2024·广东·华南师大附中校考模拟预测）
Most 13-year-olds might have spent those three years preoccupied with schoolwork or hanging out with mates. One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a tent to raise money for the hospice (临终安养院) that looked after his friend. Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than 700,000 in charitable donations.
“I love camping, it’s one of my favourite things and I’m definitely going to miss it,” he said. “I think the highlight would have to be the second camp out, because that year was the hardest.”
“The first year was quite nice but the second was colder and there were worse storms. It was really meaningful for me because all my friends and family were there.”
He said that although the wind and rain proved to be tricky adversaries (对手), it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said.
On the prospect of sleeping inside on a regular basis again, he said: “I think it’s going to be weird (怪异的) the first few nights but I think it is time to come inside now. There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible. It is going to be strange but I’m just going to have to get over it.”
Speaking to ITV’s Good Morning Britain, he said: “My friend Rick was absolutely amazing. He loved the outdoors, he loved sports and we got along really well. The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them.”
Donations will go to North Devon hospice. Stephen Roberts, its chief executive, told the ITV: “The funds he raised for North Devon hospice in this time will make a real difference to the patients and families we support.”
37．What has Max been engaged in for three years
A．Doing charity camping. B．Hanging out with friends.
C．Finishing his homework. D．Looking after his friend.
38．What was the biggest challenge for Max while he camped out
A．Terrible storms. B．Extreme heat.
C．Freezing weather. D．Desperate loneliness.
39．What is Max’s attitude to future adventures
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Expectant.
40．Why did Max raise money for North Devon hospice
A．To pay the medical bill of his friend.
B．To appreciate its loving care for his friend.
C．To improve the welfare of its medical staff.
D．To update its medical equipment and service.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述13岁少年Max Woosey通过在野外露营来进行慈善筹款的故事。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than 700,000 in charitable donations.(现在，Max Woosey——在长达数年的筹款活动中被称为“帐篷里的男孩”——在三年的慈善捐款超过70万英镑后，决定回到室内)”可知，Max用了3年的时间做慈善露营。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段的“it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said.(去年夏天的热浪几乎迫使他回到舒适的卧室。“老实说，这太可怕了，当有热浪时，你的帐篷就变成了温室。简直沸腾了，”他说)”可知，对于Max来说去年最大的挑战是极端高温。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible. It is going to be strange but I’m just going to have to get over it.(我们希望未来可以冒险。这会很奇怪，但我必须克服它)”推知，Max对未来的冒险是非常期待的。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them.(北德文郡的临终关怀院对他进行了出色的照顾，我想尽我所能对你说声谢谢。所以我开始睡在外面，我试着为他们筹集尽可能多的钱)”可知，Max为北德文郡的临终关怀院筹款是为了感激他们对他的朋友Rick的照顾。故选B。专题02 记叙文通关练
记叙文解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
考生在做阅读理解题时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还要针对不同的文章题材和体裁的篇目特点运用正确的解题方法和技巧。同时了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
从体裁特点看：记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程和发展的文体。人物传记、小说、寓言及记叙性散文等都属于记叙文的范畴。
从内容特点看：记叙文从内容上一般分为两种，一种是“叙事抒情”，通过事情的叙述描写抒发情感；还有一种是通过事情的叙述说明一定的道理，即“叙事说理”
从写作顺序看：记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序展开。最后常用一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟。
从命题形式看：常见的有细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、写作意图题等题型。记叙文的阅读理解题要求考生能理解记叙文的顺序与所讲的故事情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。
从命题顺序看：记叙文的命题顺序一般采用题文同序法，按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。
以下集中是常见的阅读方法和解题技巧，
跳读法：即快速通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别注意文章中所提到的多个事件、地点和人物，理清楚事件的起因、经过和结果。在这个过程中，一般先看文章的开头和结尾，读懂抒情或说理的句子，即理解了文章的主题。
题干定位法：阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息。
精读法：根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中涉及较多人物，要弄清楚人物之间的关系。
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2023·江苏盐城·高三校联考）
I used to live in Southern Africa and recently went back to Botswana to visit the Central Kalahari Game Reserve with my friend Oscar. Why Because there’s nothing quite like the vast African wilderness...
Our jeep moved slowly along the too-hot-to-touch sand. With no air conditioner and an engine which might break down at any time, it was tough work. The dry heat was fierce and the only break came from using our precious water for brief bucket showers.
With no supplies available within the park—it was a sort of no man’s land which was inhabited by the occasional cow — it is necessary to bring all your fuel, food and water with you.
We camped in a small place in the center of the woods. At the height of the dry season, leaves in the trees had all fallen down, shade was in scant supply, so we placed ourselves near a leaf less tree. As the sun set, we drove towards the watering hole a few miles away, and were reminded just why we’d chosen to spend weeks suffering this exercise on ourselves. A lone lion paused his lapping to acknowledge our arrival. He yawned, and then carried on drinking.
That night, sleeping on the roof of the jeep, we felt his shouting as much as heard it. Those vast African skies offered the only indication that the outside world hadn’t come to a state of quietness, as bright satellite whipped across the blackness.
In the morning we saw that the lion had walked in the road overnight, his paw prints pressed into yesterday’s tyre tracks.
We set off for another morning inching through the sand; another day of changing landscapes and raw, wild beauty; another night lit by shooting stars.
1．What can we learn about the author
A．He is now living in Botswana.
B．He enjoys the wildness of nature
C．He slept in a hotel at night.
D．He didn’t take enough food and water.
2．What did they think of their journey
A．Cozy and safe B．Scary and annoying
C．Amazing and tough D．Pleasant and easy
3．What does the underlined word “scant” in paragraph 4 mean
A．inadequate B．unbending C．abundant D．ready
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Shining Stars and A Lone Lion
B．My Great Escape into the Wild
C．Travelling in the Southern Africa
D．Camping in Too-Hot-to-Touch Sand
2.（2023·重庆·高三第十一中学校校考）
Once upon a time a little leaf was heard to sigh and cry, as leaves often do when a gentle wind is about.
And the twig (细枝) said, “What is the matter, little leaf ”
And the leaf said, “The wind just told me that one day it would pull me off and throw me down to lie on the ground!”
The twig told it to the branch on which it grew, and the branch told it to the tree. And when the tree heard it, it rustled all over, and sent back word to the leaf, “Do not be afraid; hold on tightly, and you shall not go till you want to.”
And so the leaf stopped sighing, but went on nestling and singing. Every time the tree shook itself and stirred up all its leaves, the branches shook themselves, and the little twig shook itself, and the little leaf danced up and down merrily, as if nothing could ever pull it off.
And so it grew all summer long until October.
And when the bright days of autumn came, the little leaf saw all the leaves around becoming very beautiful. Some were yellow, and some scarlet, and some mixed with both colors.
Then it asked the tree what it meant. And the tree said, “All these leaves are getting ready to fly away, and they have put on these beautiful colors because of joy.”
Then the little leaf began to want to go, and grew very beautiful in thinking of it, and when it was very bright, it saw that the branches of the tree had no color in them, and so the leaf said, “Oh branches, why are you lead color and we golden ”
“We must keep on our work clothes, for our life is not done; but your clothes are for holiday...”
Just then a little puff of wind came, and the leaf let go without thinking of it, and the wind took it up, and turned it over and over, and whirled it like a spark of fire in the air, and then it fell gently down under the fence among hundreds of other leaves, and began to dream — a dream so beautiful that perhaps it will last forever.
5．Why was the little leaf anxious
A．It would lose the twig soon. B．It would be blown off by the wind.
C．It couldn’t nestle on the tree. D．It would fly away from the tree.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 5
A．The tree taught the leaf to be merry. B．The branches are the nest of the leaf.
C．The tree was strong to fight against the wind. D．The little leaf conquered its fear and anxiety.
7．What does the underlined sentence probably mean in the passage
A．The leaf was changing its color for holiday. B．The branches were of tired of the leaf.
C．The leaf was on the way to falling off. D．The branches were jealous of the leaf.
8．Which saying can best explain the philosophy of this passage
A．Every dark cloud has a silver lining. B．Everything on earth goes with the law of nature.
C．The grass is always greener on the other side. D．Life is of high value but freedom is more precious.
3.（2024·河北·高三石家庄精英中学校联考期末）
Ernest Hemingway, the Nobel Prize-winning American writer, first visited Pamplona during the traditional festival 100 years ago. The festival started more than seven hundred years ago. For nine days, people come to the northern Spanish city for bull running, bullfighting and partying.
The festival affected Hemingway so deeply that he returned eight times. Here is a description of what happens at the start of the bull running: A rocket would be lit. And the bulls would charge out of the gate. At that moment, a crowd of runners wearing white clothes and red scarves would start to run. They would look back, move and dance to avoid being injured by the charging bull’s horns. Onlookers would cheer them on from balconies above.
In 1926, Hemingway wrote his first book, The Sun Also Rises. He wrote about his experiences in Pamplona and established himself as the voice of what became known as the Lost Generation. “I can’t stand it to think my life is going so fast and I’m not really living it,” says one character in the book. “Nobody ever lives their life all the way up except bull-fighters,” is the answer.
Bill Hillman is a 41-year-old professor from Chicago. He first read the book at college. When he turned to the last page, he learnt two things: He wanted to become a writer, and he would run in front of Pamplona’s bulls someday. His first running of the bulls was in 2005 and he has been running ever since. He has been wounded twice, but that has not lessened his interest.
Last year, 1.7 million people came to the festival. Pamplona native Miguel has written about the festival’s links to Hemingway. He believes the writer’s influence on its popularity has been as large as people say. Besides, he thinks that Pamplona is still using Hemingway to gain attention. “We made him into an icon,” he said.
9．What is the main attraction of the festival in Pamplona
A．Hemingway’s influence. B．Running bulls.
C．The long history of the town. D．The beautiful scenery there.
10．Why does the author quote Hemingway’s words in paragraph 2
A．To show the writer’s talent for language. B．To show the popularity of the festival.
C．To show the details of the festival. D．To show the writer’s personal experience.
11．Which word can best describe Bill Hillman
A．Strong-willed. B．Stubborn. C．Adventurous. D．Desperate.
12．What is the main idea of the text
A．People take an active part in bull fighting.
B．Ernest Hemingway is an icon in a famous city.
C．The festival in Pamplona is still as popular as before.
D．Ernest Hemingway has an influence on Pamplona’s festival.
4.（2023·云南·高三云南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Karen Sturges was knitting a sweater for her daughter’s future baby. Bad news came — she was diagnosed with cancer.
“What she was most concerned about was finishing the sweater,” said her daughter Annie Gatewood. “She was just distraught when thinking she wasn’t going to be able to finish it.” Sturges worked on the sweater until four days before she died in 2021, with it unfinished. No member of the family knew how to knit.
Then in 2022, Gatewood was matched with a “finisher” Sarah in Portland, — one of the over 1,000 volunteers who complete unfinished arts projects for grieving loved ones through a group called Loose Ends. Finishing knitting the sweater, Sarah handed it off to Gatewood. “I saw her and burst into tears, because she looks like my mom,” said Gatewood. “We know for sure my mom would have been just delighted.”
Kaplan and Simonic started Loose Ends. Both are expert knitters knowing what it is like to have a loved one leave behind an unfinished project. The finisher doesn’t charge any money. The only cost is for mailing.
Opuda signed up as a finisher. She is crocheting (用钩针编织) a blue blanket for someone whose mother passed away. The blanket was one of three the mother was working on throughout her cancer treatments, and although they are not perfect, the children wanted to keep everything their mother made. “People just don’t really know how much time something takes, especially a blanket. Yet even through her illness and all her pain and challenges, she still managed to make so much progress. I didn’t want her kids to lose that,” said Opuda.
“We all experience pain,” said Simonic. “You don’t know what someone’s going through on a day-to-day basis that’s going to make them give up, but I do know these little acts of kindness make people realize there are people out there willing to help.”
13．What can be learned about Loose Ends
A．It charges receivers lot. B．It meets patients’ unreal wishes.
C．It consists of generous helpers. D．It recycles valuable unfinished pieces.
14．What did Opuda want the blanket receivers to know about their mother
A．She was a well-trained crafter. B．She suffered a lot from cancer.
C．She hoped to keep the family tradition. D．She had a great affection for them.
15．What does Simonic intend to tell us
A．A small act of kindness can mean a lot. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．A patient’s work should be respected. D．Love begins with a little smile.
16．What might be a suitable title for the text
A．Loose Ends to Help Finish Undone Handicrafts B．Artworks to Make up for Family Regrets
C．Finishers to Help Restore Family Treasures D．Remains to Convey Love to the Beloved
5.（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中校考阶段练习）
I’m a grandma in my 60s. In the spring of 2020, like the rest of the world, I spent a lot of time staring at a screen and that was when I first got into the YouTube world. I discovered that onscreen offerings were truly endless. From one YouTuber I learned how to plant my own vegetable garden. Someone else shared poetry from Robert Frost, wise sayings from Confucius, and a smattering (一知半解) of other philosophical viewpoints, all of which helped me through some dark days. Down the rabbit hole I went, scrolling for hours and hours, watching other people living their lives and giving me advice on how to live mine.
As the months rolled by, YouTube turned my attention away from the hard reality of what was going on in the world. I subscribed to several channels and waited anxiously for new weekly offerings. I watched people reading poetry or painting by streams or looking out windows into snowy landscapes. I found all this calming. Such lovely scenery, such beautiful background music, such pretty clothes they were wearing!
At some point though, I got upset by these artistic and seemingly perfect lives. Who is filming them I wondered. Do they rehearse or just act on the spot Isn’t it cold, stepping through snowbanks in dresses The questions kept bothering me while forcing comparisons to my own somewhat more ordinary existence. I wanted to walk in a flowing dress through hilly green field filled with wildflowers! Instead, I was marching through my neighborhood’s city streets in mom jeans.
In a moment of insight, I realized that I had a full and happy life, which although it wouldn’t win awards for perfection onscreen, suited me perfectly. I put my phone away and started paying attention to my own life instead of watching other people live theirs. I still like checking in once in a while. YouTube can be a rich source of entertainment and inspiration, but I’ve limited my exposure. I am content with the knowledge that my addiction to life onscreen has been replaced by life itself.
17．What can be learned about the author in the spring of 2020
A．She experienced some hard times.
B．She taught others about gardening.
C．She developed an interest in poetry.
D．She shared her philosophical views online.
18．What effect did YouTube have on the author according to paragraph 2
A．It made her more anxious.
B．It improved her taste in art.
C．It taught her to accept reality.
D．It brought some comfort to her.
19．How did the artistic lives presented on YouTube make the author feel
A．Desperate. B．Connected. C．Envious. D．Proud.
20．What has the author decided to do in the end
A．Seek inspiration from YouTube.
B．Stop using her phone in daily life.
C．Focus on her own life instead of others’.
D．Continue watching other people’s lives.
6.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学校考）
“Twelve years ago, I was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and wiped out my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ failure.” Kaufman recalled, “I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Fortunately, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!”
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
“What I found out was that if you didn’t have post-transplant-housing, you couldn’t get listed and admitted into the hospital,” Kaufman said. She leaned that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What’s more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. “One organ donor can save eight lives and then there’s tissue and skin and eyes and blood vessels (血管) and so many other things,” Kaufman said. “The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centers, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes.”
To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
21．Why did Kaufman take about her memory in Paragraph 1
A．To illustrate the significance of life.
B．To recall her plain and boring days.
C．To indicate her motivation for paying back.
D．To confirm her enthusiasm for the profession.
22．For a transplant patient, admission into the hospital requires the following EXCEPT ________.
A．health insurance B．nearby housing
C．financial security D．afford transportation
23．Which of the following best describes Kaufman
A．Brave and caring. B．Grateful and warm-hearted.
C．Considerate and hardworking. D．Sympathetic and easy-going.
24．What message does the text mainly convey
A．It’s better to give than to receive.
B．The blessed bear the heart of giving.
C．Health matters much more than wealth.
D．Volunteering makes the world a better place.
7.（2023·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校联考期末）
For his entire life, Sergio Peralta from the US dreamed about playing catch. When he was born, his right hand didn’t fully develop, with only tiny fingers at the end of his arm. So he learned to write, eat and carry books with only one hand. Over the years, the 15-year-old lost hope that anything would change.
Peralta said on his first day of high school he honestly felt like hiding his hand in his sleeve, so nobody would ever find out. But his classmates, to his surprise, supported him in a way he never expected. The school’s engineering teacher, Jeff Wilkins, came and told him that his fellow students might be able to help.
“They ended up offering, ‘We could build your prosthetic (假体的) hand,’ and I never expected it,” he told CBS News. “Like, never in a million years.” Three students used their access to online models of prostheses and a 3D printer to make a plan. After four weeks, their project came to fruition. They used polylactic acid (聚乳酸), a common material in 3D printing that’s also used to make electronic devices, as the hand’s main fabric. They applied another plastic material commonly found in phone shells to make the fingers spread and squeeze objects. And they added a fishing line, so Peralta could fix the hand to his forearm.
Bob Cotter, the principal of Hendersonville High School, told the BBC that his students are encouraged to turn concepts “into reality”, adding that Peralta’s new prosthesis is “a proof to the students who care about each other”.
Peralta-who grew up learning to do everything with his left hand-was even able to catch a baseball with the prosthetic hand created by his classmates. “When I caught it for the first time, everyone started freaking out.” Peralta said with a smile. “It was the first time I caught a ball with my right hand in my IS years.”
25．How did Sergio feel about his hand when he started high school
A．He felt at a loss for it. B．He felt unaffected by it
C．He was optimistic about it. D．He was open to accepting it
26．What do we know about the prosthesis made by Peralta’s classmates
A．It was finished in four months. B．It could be controlled by a phone.
C．Its main material is polylactic acid. D．Its fingers were not flexible enough.
27．What does Peralta’s new prosthesis show according to Bob Cotter
A．The students’ critical thinking. B．The students’ imagination.
C．The students’ determination. D．The students’ mutual support.
28．What does the underlined phrase “freaking out” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Feeling panicked. B．Becoming overjoyed.
C．Calming down. D．Showing concern.
8.（2024·河南·高三商丘市第一高级中学校考阶段练习）
I'd done it before, and so I had no reason to believe that this time would be any different. I was sure that when I returned home from my mission trip, as always, I'd bring back nothing more than some mud on my boots, a hole or two in my jeans and, of course, a lot of great memories.
The summer before my high school graduation, I went to West Virginia with others as volunteers to repair the homes of those in need. Arriving at our destination, my group was assigned the task of rebuilding sections of a home that had been damaged by fire. No sooner had we parked on the home's dirt driveway than we saw an excited little girl, no more than six years old, standing in the doorway of the family's temporary home. Shoeless and wearing dirty clothes and the biggest smile I'd ever seen, she yelled, "Ma, Ma, they really came! " I didn't know it then, but her name was Dakota, and four more days would pass before she’d say another word near me.
Behind Dakota was a woman in a wheelchair—her grandmother, we'd soon learn. I also discovered that my job that week would be to help change a fire—damaged dining room into a bedroom for this little girl. Grabbing our tools, we went to work. Over the following days, I noticed Dakota peeking at us every now and then as we worked. A few times. I tried talking with her, but she remained shy and distant, always flying around us like a tiny butterfly but keeping to herself.
By our fifth and final day, however, this was about to change.
Before I went to work on her home on that last morning, I spoke for a moment or two with the grandmother. I was especially pleased when she told me how much Dakota loved her new room so much, in fact, that she'd begged to sleep in it the previous night, even though it wasn't quite ready. As we talked, I noticed something I hadn’t seen before—Dakota was hiding behind her grandmother. Cautiously, she stepped into view, and I could see that just like her clothes, her face was still dirty. But no amount of soil could hide those bright blue eyes and big smile. She was simply adorable. I wanted so much to hug her, but respecting her shyness, I kept my distance.
Slowly, she began walking toward me. It wasn't until she was just inches away that I noticed the folded piece of paper in her tiny hand. Silently, she reached up and handed it to me. Once unfolded, I looked at the drawing she'd made with her broken crayons on the back of an old coloring book cover. It was of two girls—one much taller than the other—and they were holding hands. She told me it was supposed to be me and her and on the bottom of the paper were three little words that instantly broke my heart. Now almost in tears, I couldn't control myself anymore—I bent down and hugged her. She hugged me, too. And for the longest time, neither one of us could let go.
By early afternoon, we finished Dakota's bedroom, and so I gladly used the rare free time to get to know my newest friend. Sitting under a tree away from the others, we shared a few apples while she told me about her life. As I listened to her stories about the struggles she and her family went through daily, I began to realize how boring various aspects of my own life were.
I left for home early the next morning. I was returning with muddy boots and holes in my jeans. But because of Dakota, I brought back something else, too—a greater appreciation for all of the blessing of my life. I’ll never forget that barefoot little butterfly with the big smile and dirty face. I pray that she’ll never forget me either.
29．From the appearance description of the little girl, we know _______.
A．she formed a bad living habit
B．she hoped for a better education
C．she was an innocent and lovely child
D．she was strong and calm in the inner world
30．What were probably written on the bottom of the paper
A．Enjoy your help.
B．Please don’t leave.
C．Help me, please.
D．Hug me close.
31．How did the author feel after unfolding the piece of paper
A．She worried about the little girl’s future.
B．She decided to keep helping the little girl.
C．She felt a greater affection for the little girl.
D．She got surprised at the little girl’s worthless gift.
32．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．One must learn to share life experiences.
B．One often wants to lead a meaningful life.
C．One occasionally benefits from the poverty.
D．One should be more grateful for the gift of life.
9.（2023·福建泉州·高三福建省泉州第一中学校考）
For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self-improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self- reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back.
33．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She could change her weight at will.
B．She had different beauty standards from others.
C．She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D．She was greatly influenced by others’ opinions.
34．Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”？
A．She was poorly disciplined. B．She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C．She was labeled as lazy for her weight. D．She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
35．What caused the author to make a change
A．Her lighter body. B．A troublesome illness.
C．Popular beauty standards. D．Others’ critical comments.
36．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Beauty matters. B．Opinions vary.
C．Worth your weight. D．Beyond your limits.
10.（2024·广东·华南师大附中校考模拟预测）
Most 13-year-olds might have spent those three years preoccupied with schoolwork or hanging out with mates. One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a tent to raise money for the hospice (临终安养院) that looked after his friend. Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than 700,000 in charitable donations.
“I love camping, it’s one of my favourite things and I’m definitely going to miss it,” he said. “I think the highlight would have to be the second camp out, because that year was the hardest.”
“The first year was quite nice but the second was colder and there were worse storms. It was really meaningful for me because all my friends and family were there.”
He said that although the wind and rain proved to be tricky adversaries (对手), it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said.
On the prospect of sleeping inside on a regular basis again, he said: “I think it’s going to be weird (怪异的) the first few nights but I think it is time to come inside now. There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible. It is going to be strange but I’m just going to have to get over it.”
Speaking to ITV’s Good Morning Britain, he said: “My friend Rick was absolutely amazing. He loved the outdoors, he loved sports and we got along really well. The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them.”
Donations will go to North Devon hospice. Stephen Roberts, its chief executive, told the ITV: “The funds he raised for North Devon hospice in this time will make a real difference to the patients and families we support.”
37．What has Max been engaged in for three years
A．Doing charity camping. B．Hanging out with friends.
C．Finishing his homework. D．Looking after his friend.
38．What was the biggest challenge for Max while he camped out
A．Terrible storms. B．Extreme heat.
C．Freezing weather. D．Desperate loneliness.
39．What is Max’s attitude to future adventures
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Expectant.
40．Why did Max raise money for North Devon hospice
A．To pay the medical bill of his friend.
B．To appreciate its loving care for his friend.
C．To improve the welfare of its medical staff.
D．To update its medical equipment and service.
