专题04 议论文通关练
议论文解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，重点考查考生的思维能力和判断能力，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给阅读理解带来一定的难度。
从体裁特点看，议论文有夹叙夹议文和议论文两种。
夹叙夹议文文体特点
夹叙夹议文所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或一种社会现象，而后对此进行深入评价，或由此引发一种深入思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。
从内容特点看：夹叙夹议类文章主要有三种类型: 1.先叙述作者的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
议论文文体特点
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。
从结构特点看：文章通常由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。
从命题形式看：常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题题等题型。
阅读策略
双管齐下法：从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。
关注高频词：议论文中出现的高频词，经常就是文章的主题对象。
关注标志词：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折的词: however, but, whereas;
表示原因的词: because, since，as;
表示结果的词:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表示对照的词:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表示目的的词: so that， in order that等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
把握长难句：议论文中的长难句常是命题点。遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.（2024上·山西太原·高三统考期末）
Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired. But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.
This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.
The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday. After a season with good results, some well-meaning people excitedly ask “What's next ” It can wander in my mind and raise doubt over what I should be doing according to other people’s opinions.
In this case I talked to some experienced athletes and raised my concern, one of whom suggested establishing a general outline of the next season’s goals prior to holidays. I find it helpful, not only preventing me from feeling rushed to get back into workouts too soon and giving a sense of purpose to the rest itself, but also ensuring that I will not spend my break making plans but allow my mind to rest too.
We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy myself.
1．What do most athletes do during a holiday after a season
A．Negotiate with coaches. B．Do alternative workouts.
C．Enjoy absolute relaxation. D．Travel to a seaside destination.
2．What can we infer about the author’s holiday from paragraph 2
A．It was carefully arranged. B．It followed the coach’s plan.
C．It was ended ahead of schedule. D．It was interrupted by unexpected tasks.
3．What is the author’s real need during the break time
A．Mind rest. B．Physical recovery.
C．Time management. D．Professional guidance.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Secrets to Winning on Tracks
B．Plans for Next Season’s Training
C．End-of-season Break: A New Beginning
D．From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了运动员在赛季结束后如何休息的话题，作者通过自己的经历和与其他运动员的交流，提出了对于如何正确休息的看法和建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.(但实际上，大多数运动员会花几个小时试图说服他们的教练，他们真的根本不需要休息，然后用尽可能多的替代活动填满他们所有的时间)”可知，大多数运动员在赛季结束后的假期都做一些另类的锻炼。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.(今年教练给了我一周的假期，让我好好放松一下。前三天，我一直沉浸在对最后一场比赛成绩的满意中，享受着穿着睡衣的日子，整个上午只吃早餐，利用业余时间比平时更多地参加社交活动。我很享受，但这一切让我感到不安。然后到了星期四。我系好鞋带，回到跑道上)”可推知，作者有一周的假期，但是在第四天他开始训练，所以是假期提前结束了。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday.(休息最简单的部分是身体上的休息，但考虑到我通常都是集中精力和紧张地训练，在一个赛季之后，学会在精神上检查并不总是自然而然的，尤其是在我度假的时候)”可推知，作者在休息时间的真正需要是心灵休息。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired.(赛季结束休息一段时间听起来很简单，对吧 你可能认为在海滩上无忧无虑地度过一周是最理想的)”以及最后一段“We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy myself.(我们都害怕失去我们努力获得的健康和成就，但实际上，适当的休息和知道如何休息是有帮助的。我希望明年我能拿到余额。但就算我不喜欢，至少我也会玩得很开心)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何正确休息，所以D项“From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes(从腿到脑:运动员真正的放松)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
2.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学阶段练习）
“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth, sounding forced and unnatural.
The anecdote (轶事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago. A three-week stay in Malaysia once every few years was often the highlight of my summers—what more can you ask from a food paradise But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, trips also brought accompanying feelings of guilt that I just couldn’t seem to translate. For one month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture, peering in. I was a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets, quietly nodding along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners.
In America though, I am a different person. I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t struggle with the words and fear that my logic and stories won’t get through to people. So as a native English speaker, I do not have to worry daily about whether I’m judged for having an accent or whether I’m misunderstood across languages. In Malaysia, I naturally burst out “have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian equivalent “you makan already ” In Malaysia, everything about the way I speak-my accent, intonation, sentence structure, slang-gives me away. My American-ness is seen in the way I talk, dress, and act. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth to speak I am so clearly not. It is uncomfortable and awkward, and sometimes I wonder if I did not look Asian at all would it be better, since there would be no more language expectation for me than for a white tourist.
5．How did the author feel in the anecdote
A．Confused and scared. B．Embarrassed and nervous.
C．Curious and surprised. D．Upset and puzzled.
6．Why did the author feel guilt according to Paragraph 2
A．Because she had to stay away from her family
B．Because she didn’t enjoy speaking the language
C．Bccause she had to accept what grandparents said
D．Because she found it hard to understand the culture.
7．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A．She was a good language learner. B．She didn’t like being an Asian.
C．She was judged unfairly in Malaysia D．She spoke English unconsciously in Malaysia.
8．From which column of the website does this article probably come from
A．Opinion B．News. C．Education. D．Humor
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作为马来西亚人的作者在语言表达上出现了“文化差异”，这带来尴尬和不理解。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth, sounding forced and unnatural.(呆呆地盯着说话的人，我嘴唇张开，脑海中的想法清晰，但无法用我不熟悉的语言表达自己的回答。在一个不舒服的停顿之后，一堆话从我的嘴里溢出，听起来很强迫，很不自然)”以及第二段中“The anecdote (轶事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago.(上面的轶事是几年前我在马来西亚的一次半对话)”可知，在这件事情中，作者不知道如何用恰当的语言去表达自己的想法，被迫说出一些很不自然的话，由此推知，作者会感到尴尬和紧张。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“For one month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture, peering in. I was a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets, quietly nodding along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners.(每隔几个夏天，我就会有一个月的时间，去体验在自己的文化中做一个局外人的感觉。我是一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间各种各样的语言，在祖父母的大型家庭晚餐上安静地点头)”可知，作者作为马来西亚人，在面对自己文化时总有一种局外人的感觉，被动接受摊位上人们的话语以及聚餐时默默的回应着家人，由此可推断，作者感到愧疚的原因是发现自己不能理解自己的文化。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In Malaysia, I naturally burst out “have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian equivalent “you makan already ”(在马来西亚，我自然会说出“你吃过饭了吗？”，而不是想起马来西亚的对应句子“you makan already ”)”可知，作者在马来西亚说英语时，如同在美国一样是“无意识地”说出自己想表达的内容。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，结合首段中的““Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range.(“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah？你明白我在说什么吗？”我呆呆地盯着说话的人，我的嘴唇张开，想法在我的脑海里清晰，但我的反应无法用一种遥远的语言来表达)”和第二段中的“For one month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture.(每隔几个夏天，我就会有一个月的时间，体会到在自己的文化中做一个局外人的感觉)”结合文章主要讲述了作为马来西亚人的作者在语言表达上出现了“文化差异”，这带来尴尬和不理解。由此可知，本文的主题与对语言文化的观点有关系，所以很可能出自网站的“观点”专栏。故选A项。
3.（2024·云南大理·统考模拟预测）
We grow up — unavoidably — with a strong attachment to a plan A, that is, an idea of how our lives will go and what we need to do to achieve our particular set of well-defined goals.
But then, for some of us and at one level all of us, life turns out to have made a few other plans. A sudden injury puts a certain career forever out of reach. A small but significant error changes everything about how crucial others view us. And so, promptly, we find we have to give up on plan A altogether, which can feel devastating. We alternately weep and anger at the turn of events. It is for such moments that we should consider one of life’s most vital skills: that of developing a plan B．
The first element involves fully acknowledging that no one gets through life with all their careful plan As. Plan As simply do not work out all the time. Something unexpected, shocking and hateful regularly comes along, not only to us, but to all human beings.
The further point is to realize that we are, despite moments of confusion, absolutely capable of developing very satisfactory plan Bs. Adults are good at keeping needing to refresh in our minds and drawing comfort from in anxious moments. We have enormous capacities to act and to adapt. Perhaps we’ll have to leave town forever, maybe we’ll have to resign an occupation we spent a decade nurturing — until we rediscover our potential plan B muscle. In reality, there would be a possibility to relocate, to start afresh in another field, to turn around the terrible event. There was no one script for us written at our birth, and nor does there need to be only one going forward.
Crucially, we don’t need to know right now what our plan Bs might be or anticipate every frustration that might come our way; we should simply feel confident that, were the universe to command it, we would know how to find a very different path.
9．What’s the function of the opening paragraph
A．To arouse thinking. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To define a concept. D．To set the background.
10．What does the underlined word mean in the second paragraph
A．Disastrous. B．Indifferent. C．Entertaining. D．Relaxing.
11．Which statement is true according to the passage
A．We must be blamed for having to make a plan B．
B．There will be only one script for us written in life.
C．Adults are an adaptable species to tackle problems.
D．Plan Bs are actually superior to plan As all the time.
12．The best structure of this passage is .
A． B． C． D．
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。生活中总会有意外和挫折，计划A并不总是能够顺利实现。因此，我们需要学会接受并发展备选计划。文章强调了人们的适应能力和行动能力，并鼓励读者在面对困难时保持乐观，相信自己能够找到新的道路。
9．推理判断题。第一段“We grow up — unavoidably — with a strong attachment to a plan A, that is, an idea of how our lives will go and what we need to do to achieve our particular set of well-defined goals.(不可避免地，我们在成长过程中对A计划有着强烈的依恋，也就是说，对我们的生活将如何发展以及我们需要做些什么来实现我们特定的一系列明确的目标的想法)”中提出“A计划”这一概念。结合第二段中“But then, for some of us and at one level all of us, life turns out to have made a few other plans. A sudden injury puts a certain career forever out of reach. A small but significant error changes everything about how crucial others view us. And so, promptly, we find we have to give up on plan A altogether, which can feel devastating. We alternately weep and anger at the turn of events. It is for such moments that we should consider one of life’s most vital skills: that of developing a plan B.(但是，对我们中的一些人来说，在某种程度上，我们所有人，生活原来已经制定了一些其他的计划。一场突如其来的伤病让你的职业生涯永远无法实现。一个小而重大的错误会改变别人对我们的看法。因此，很快，我们发现我们不得不完全放弃A计划，这可能会让人感到毁灭性的打击。当事情发生转折时，我们时而哭泣，时而愤怒。正是在这样的时刻，我们应该考虑生活中最重要的技能之一：制定B计划)”可推知，第一段中提出“A计划”是为了引出下文话题：有时我们不得不完全放弃A计划，考虑制定B计划。故选B项。
10．词句猜测题。分析划线词所在句“And so, promptly, we find we have to give up on plan A altogether, which can feel devastating.(因此，很快，我们发现我们不得不完全放弃A计划，这可能会让人感到devastating)”可知，“which can feel devastating”是定语从句，其中关系代词which指代上文中“不得不完全放弃A计划”这种情形。结合常识，放弃精心计划的“A计划”会让我们感到毁灭性的打击，由此猜测划线词devastating与disastrous同义。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Adults are good at keeping needing to refresh in our minds and drawing comfort from in anxious moments. We have enormous capacities to act and to adapt.(成年人善于保持头脑清醒，从焦虑的时刻获得安慰。我们有巨大的行动和适应能力)”可知，成年人有巨大的行动和适应能力。所以C项“Adults are an adaptable species to tackle problems.(成年人是一个适应能力很强的物种，能够解决问题)”是正确的表述。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，分析结构可知，文章第一、二段告诉我们什么是“A计划”和有时我们不得不完全放弃A计划，它们属于并列关系，创设了一种情景，属于第一部分；第二段中“The first element involves fully acknowledging that no one gets through life with all their careful plan As.(第一个要素包括充分认识到，没有人的一生都是精心策划的)”和第三段中“The further point is to realize that we are, dspite moments of confusion, absolutely capable of developing very satisfactory plan Bs.(更进一步的一点是要认识到，尽管有困惑的时候，我们绝对有能力制定出非常令人满意的B计划)”构成并列关系，就如何正确认识计划的改变提出建议，属于第二部分；最后一段“Crucially, we don’t need to know right now what our plan Bs might be or anticipate every frustration that might come our way; we should simply feel confident that, were the universe to command it, we would know how to find a very different path.(至关重要的是，我们现在不需要知道我们的B计划是什么，也不需要预测可能出现的每一次挫折；我们应该相信，如果上天要这样，我们将知道如何找到一条截然不同的道路)”总结全文，提出毋须焦虑，不管如何，我们都将能够找到新的道路，属于第三部分。故选B项。
4.（2024上·山东·高三山东省鄄城县第一中学校考）
As a research scholar at the Indian Institute for Science Education and Research, I once monitored birds that inhabited grasslands in Daying Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected area in Northeast India. This habitat forms a part of one of the most bio-diverse places on Earth. Yet despite their ecological importance and uniqueness, most grasslands are classified by the Indian government as “wastelands”.
Ecosystems throughout the world are suffering from the effects of unchecked habitat loss and climate change. While all types of ecosystems—forests, grasslands, oceans, wetlands and deserts—feel these effects, there is evidence of bias (偏好) towards the conservation of forest biodiversity. This bi as hurts the preservation of other ecosystems, including the grasslands that make up 24 percent of the Indian landmass. These grasslands are home to important biodiversity and support the livelihoods of millions of people, yet are defined in India by their value in being turned into forests for fighting climate change.
Apart from being costly, the move overlooks the ecological and social value of grasslands by turning them into mono-culture forests, which do not provide the same ecological benefits. Yet, grasslands could be equally good at storing carbon.
India and other countries with substantial grasslands need to recognize, support and prioritize evidence-based scientific attempts that focus on grasslands by establishing grassland-specific restoration efforts, as well as by mapping their extent and the ecosystem services they provide for humans. The time is ripe for abandoning outdated labelings like “wastelands”.
Already, communities like the Todas and the Idu Mishmi people are protecting grasslands in India through collective action and local stewardship (管理), which are helping them connect with the grasslands. With the aim of preserving the richness of nature, the government must restore greater rights to local communities to manage grasslands. Grasslands are an important feature of an ecologically sound India, one that must be preserved for that value above all others.
13．What does the author want to stress in the second paragraph
A．Forests are hotspots of biodiversity. B．Deserts badly affect local ecology.
C．Climate change threatens ecosystems. D．Grasslands need equal conservation.
14．What is the author’s attitude to Indian government’s move
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Favorable.
15．Who should be encouraged to protect the grasslands according to the text
A．Government officials. B．Local communities.
C．University researchers. D．International agencies.
16．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Stop Treating Grasslands as Wastelands B．Take Active Steps to Limit Grasslands
C．Recognize the Polluted Grasslands D．Transform Grasslands into Forests
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了为应对气候变化，印度视大片草场为不毛之地，将其改造为林地。作者通过分析该做法的弊端，呼吁当地政府重视草场独特的生态价值。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“While all types of ecosystems—forests, grasslands, oceans, wetlands and deserts—feel these effects, there is evidence of bias (偏好) towards the conservation of forest biodiversity. This bi as hurts the preservation of other ecosystems, including the grasslands that make up 24 percent of the Indian landmass. These grasslands are home to important biodiversity and support the livelihoods of millions of people, yet are defined in India by their value in being turned into forests for fighting climate change. (虽然所有类型的生态系统——森林、草原、海洋、湿地和沙漠——都能感受到这些影响，但有证据表明，人们倾向于保护森林生物多样性。这损害了其他生态系统的保护，包括占印度陆地面积24%的草原。这些草原是重要生物多样性的家园，支持着数百万人的生计，但在印度，它们的价值在于将其变成森林，以应对气候变化。)”可推断，作者在此想强调我们应当同样重视保护草场。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Apart from being costly, the move overlooks the ecological and social value of grasslands by turning them into mono-culture forests, which do not provide the same ecological benefits. (除了成本高昂之外，这一举措还忽视了草原的生态和社会价值，将它们变成了单一的森林，无法提供同样的生态效益。)”可推断，作者不认同印度政府的做法。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Already, communities like the Todas and the Idu Mishmi people are protecting grasslands in India through collective action and local stewardship (管理), which are helping them connect with the grasslands. With the aim of preserving the richness of nature, the government must restore greater rights to local communities to manage grasslands. (像Todas和Idu Mishmi这样的社区已经通过集体行动和当地管理来保护印度的草原，这有助于他们与草原建立联系。为了保护自然的丰富性，政府必须恢复地方社区管理草原的更大权利。)”可知，应当鼓励当地民众积极参与草场保护工作。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The time is ripe for abandoning outdated labelings like “wastelands”. (抛弃“荒地”等过时标签的时机已经成熟。)”结合文章主要说明了为应对气候变化，印度视大片草场为不毛之地，将其改造为林地。作者通过分析该做法的弊端，呼吁当地政府重视草场独特的生态价值。故A选项“停止把草原当作荒地”最符合文章标题。故选A。
5.（2024上·广东深圳·高三统考期末）
First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus.
But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married.
Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories.
On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with.
At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan.
17．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus
A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes.
B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms.
C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges.
D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible.
18．What should students do before living off campus
A．They should find someone to take care of them.
B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone.
C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living.
D．They should seek accommodation through an agent.
19．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean
A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges
B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus
C．Accommodation Situation For College Students
D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是大学生选择校内外住宿的优劣，并提供了选择建议，分析了校内住宿对学习的益处和校外住宿的独立生活技能需求。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report.(有些学校不提供这种选择，并要求全日制学生在校内生活四年。2021年的一份报告显示，住在校园里可以提高大一和二年级学生的留校率和出勤率。)”可知，一份报告显示，学校要求学生在校内生活能提高大一和大二学生的留效率和出勤率；由此可知，有些大学要求所有的学生都住在校园里为了让他们在上课在校园的时间更长。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus.(校外学生在支付自己的账单、为租房者找保险、自己做饭、谈判或审查合同等方面获得了更多的实际经验。)”可知，住在校外，学生要考虑支付自己的账单，找保险、自己做饭、协商或者审查合同等方面，结合下文中的“Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with.(在做决定之前，先做足功课，看看所有的成本。同时也要确保他们选择了可以一起生活的人。)”可知，作者建议选择校外居住前要做足功课，考虑所有的成本以及确保选择了可以一起生活的人；由此可知，选择校外居住前需要考虑到方方面面的问题。故选C项。
19．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“To reduce off-campus costs(为了减少校外居住的成本)”以及划线单词后的“sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house(有时四五个人住在一套两居室的房子里。)”可知，为了降低成本，有些学生选择在两室的卧房里住进四五个人，说明房子里住的人太多，由此可推断，划线单词overpack的意思应与“塞满或者挤满”意思相近。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据首段“First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus.(大学一年级的学生通常被期望或要求住在宿舍里。在剩下的几年里，通常由这些学生决定是住在校内还是校外。)”可知，大学一年级的学生要求住在宿舍，但在接下来的几年里有学生决定住在校内还是校外，结合下文介绍的校内居住和校外住宿的利和弊，并提供了相关的建议可知，本文主要介绍的是关于学生在校内和校外住房之间选择的讨论；由此可知，题目“校内居住还是校外居住的选择”与本文内容相符，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。
6.（2024·重庆·统考一模）
As you read this, pause to reflect on your recent interactions. As a politician, husband, and father, I encounter various spoken language styles: analytical or chatty, formal or informal, pointed or gentle, cooperative or decisive. Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading. Talk is also the currency of learning-how we develop our ideas, deepen our thinking and share our feelings.
That’s why I want speaking skills, sometimes called “oracy”, to play an important part in Labor’s plans for a reformed school curriculum (课程).
Employers value speaking skills equally with reading and writing. The ability to speak well and express yourself should be something every child should master. But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.
Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice. To work out who you are and what you believe. If reading opens up a world of imagination and possibility, then speaking and listening opens up a lifetime of empowerment-a chance for those who feel invisible in their own country to be heard. It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.
And the other side of speaking is listening, which can also be taught. Listening, truly listening, develops tolerance and understanding. And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.
So, oracy―speaking and listening―needs to be placed firmly at the heart of school life.
21．How does talk help a politician
A．It deepens his wishful thinking.
B．It enhances his analytical skills.
C．It strengthens persuasive power.
D．It provides emotional support.
22．Why does the author suggest a reform in the British school curriculum
A．Employers underestimate the value of speaking.
B．Academic pressure makes students poor-sighted.
C．Spoken language is regarded as least important.
D．Oracy should deserve more attention at school.
23．How does the author illustrate his argument in paragraph 4
A．By sharing different opinions.
B．By clarifying the definition.
C．By describing personal experiences.
D．By employing the concept.
24．What are parents advised to do
A．Set a good example for their children.
B．Balance screen time and mealtime.
C．Have oral face-to-face communication.
D．Disconnect from the virtual world.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．B 24．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了口语能力的重要性, 呼吁英国工党改革学校课程以加强口语能力的教学。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading.”（谈话是政治的货币。这是我们谈判、辩论和说服的方式。）可知，谈话可以帮助政治家提高说服力。故选C项。
22．推断理解题。根据第三段“But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.”（但是课程不允许我们提供这些。这是短视的。不能流利地表达自己的想法是生活中取得成功的主要障碍。）可知，作者建议改革英国的学校课程的原因是口语能力没有在学校被重视，推断出作者认为口语应该在学校被更多地重视。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段“Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice.”（口语能力在某种程度上是关于良好的公共演讲和辩论技能，但实际上，它是关于教会年轻人提出有力的论点，选择明智的词汇，理解他们的听众，形成有意义的社会联系，以及使用面部表情和肢体语言来传达他们的信息。最重要的是找到自己的声音。）及“It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.”（它关乎大声疾呼、揭露不公或伤害的信心。）可知，第四段作者多次利用“it is about…”这个平行结构说明Oracy“口语能力”的含义，推断出作者在第四段阐述了他的论点是通过澄清定义的手法。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.”（作为父母，我们可以发挥自己的作用。我们都有过这样的经历，在吃饭的时候，我们都盯着自己的设备，沉默不语。我们的工作，我们所有人的工作，就是离开屏幕，给年轻人和成年人一份倾听的礼物。）推断出，父母被建议要进行口头面对面的交流。故选C项。
7.（2024上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考期末）
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B．Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it. )
But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
25．How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with the plots.
D．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
26．What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
D．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
27．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A．The attacks. B．The shows. C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
28．What does the author mainly argue for
A．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
B．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
C．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
D．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B 28．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.(H. B.斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》只是最著名的例子。这些早期故事直接与奴隶制有关。除了一些小的例外，吐温把他对奴隶制和偏见的攻击植入了一些表面上完全不同的故事中。他通过把读者引入故事来吸引他们加入辩论)”可知，吐温关于奴隶制的小说与斯托的不同之处在于吐温对种族主义的攻击就没那么公开。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, ‘the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.’(这部小说强烈反对奴隶制。吉姆在蓄奴州寻找他被迫与之分离的家庭是英勇的。正如J.查德威克所指出的，吉姆这个角色是美国小说中的第一个角色——承认奴隶有两种性格，‘在白人奴隶文化中生存的声音和个人的声音：吉姆，父亲和男人。’)”可推出，吉姆在白人文化中成长为一个男人和一个父亲，作者认为这最好地证明了吐温反对奴隶制的立场。故选A。
27．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.(然而，我们没有理由认为吐温认为这些表演代表了现实。他对奴隶制和偏见的频繁抨击表明，他敏锐地意识到它们并非如此)”可知，划线词they是指代上文中的表演。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.(马克·吐温被称为美国小说的发明者。他当然应该得到额外的赞扬：他让对种族主义的巧妙的文学攻击得以普及)”和最后一段中“And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.(吐温在一个蓄奴州长大，曾短暂当兵，还是吉姆的创作者，他可能比上个世纪的任何小说家都更能激起美国人对种族不平等的愤怒，更能唤醒美国人的集体良知)”可知，作者主要论证了在抨击种族主义方面，吐温比同时代的作家做得更多。故选D。
8.（2024上·江苏扬州·高三统考期末）
“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned tome showing what I’ve described.
Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction.
AI image generation could impact everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.
Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work, However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy.
The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as valid as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but you are no match for professionals.
29．What does the writer think of his image creation
A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking.
30．What do children’s illustrators value most about art
A．The creating process. B．The final work.
C．Personal feelings. D．External forms.
31．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones.
B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators.
C．Different means used in human and AI art creation.
D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text.
32．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph
A．Art is the mirror of life.
B．Rome is not built in a day.
C．No man can do two things at once.
D．Jack of all trades, master of none.
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了儿童插画家的观点：人工智能创造的艺术不是真正的艺术。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But closer examination shows oddities, The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. (但仔细观察会发现一些奇怪的地方，我脑海中那个女人的脸有非常奇怪的特征，似乎拿着多本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时最初会感到兴奋，但没有创造性的满足感。)”可知，作者对他的图像创作不满意，故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the finAIpiece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. (从根本上说，艺术就是将你内在感受到的东西转化为外在存在的东西。无论采取何种形式，真正的艺术都关乎创作过程，而不是最终作品。简单地按下按钮来生成图像并不是一个创造性的过程。)”可知，儿童插画家最看重艺术创作过程，因为艺术的核心是将内在感受转化为外在存在，真正的艺术更多地关注创作过程而不是最终作品，故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work, However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy. (除了创造力之外，还有更深层次的问题。为了从提示创建图像，AI生成器依赖于现有艺术和文本的数据库。这可能导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下故意模仿其他艺术家风格的图像。有一种观点认为，在受到他人作品的影响时，人工智能发电机的工作方式与人类没有什么不同，但是，人类艺术家也在混合中添加了情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了人类和人工智能艺术创作中使用的不同手段，故选C项。
32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as valid as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but you are no match for professionals. (人工智能的使用越来越多也会导致艺术家作品贬值。对创意产业已经存在负面偏见。人们会开始认为他们的“作品”与那些以艺术创作为职业的人所创作的作品一样有效。当然，这是无稽之谈。你可以用手机给你的女儿拍一张漂亮的照片，但你不是专业人士的对手。)”可知人工智能的使用会使艺术家的作品贬值。人们会认为他们用 AI 创作的作品和以艺术创作为职业的人的作品有同样的价值。作者认为这是错误的，在最后一句中，作者认为尽管普通人可以创作出漂亮的作品，也比不上专业人士。作者暗示艺术创作需要经过长期的训练。A. Art is the mirror of life. (艺术是生活的镜子) B. Rome is not built in a day. (罗马不是一日建成的。意指任何伟大的事物都需要时间和耐心来建立。) C. No man can do two things at once. (一心不可二用。) D. Jack of all trades, master of none. (百事皆通，一样不精。)，故选B项。
9.（2024上·江苏常州·高三统考期末）
The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more.
Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there.
This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution.
Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place.
Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.
Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.
33．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem
A．As the main topic. B．As the model.
C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast.
34．What can we know about Alexa and Siri
A．They are both Apple’s search products.
B．They help consumers make their own choices.
C．They have bettered the user experience greatly.
D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind.
35．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution
A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned.
36．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____.
A．abandon using artificial intelligence
B．abandon using products from tech giants
C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution
D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps
【答案】33．C 34．D 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文的是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在用户界面设计中的应用所带来的问题，包括使用困难、选择受限以及科技公司对用户决策的控制等。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段“Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence.(像许多公司一样，苹果公司已经决定，如果可以使用人工智能，就没有必要开发一款易于使用的产品)”可知，作者使用Apple作为众多公司中的一个代表，来说明即使是知名公司如Apple在使用人工智能时也忽视了易用性的问题，所以是作为一个例子。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” (Alexa和Siri已经成为有意计算的替代品。他们很容易将命令输入语音界面，但牺牲了“我们能做什么”，而变成了“亚马逊或苹果允许我们做什么”)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。当用户在Siri或Alexa中搜索某样东西时，苹果和亚马逊控制着搜索结果。谷歌已经根据你的位置提供了截然不同的搜索结果，并多次重新设计搜索本身，以欺骗用户点击在某种程度上有利于谷歌的链接)”可知，Alexa和Siri等智能助手虽然提供了便捷的语音交互方式，但限制了用户的选择，使得用户只能做Amazon或Apple允许的事情。这实际上是在为这些科技巨头控制用户决策、进而获取更多利益服务。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices.(这种人工智能的“创新”并不是创造新东西，而只是公司在几十年混乱的设计选择之后向你出售基本的可用性)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。)”可知，作者认为科技巨头的人工智能解决方案不是创造新东西且剥夺了用户的选择，所以是不赞成的。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.(令人沮丧的是，我们的未来将成为一个我们必须在向人工智能寻求帮助或在越来越多的设计糟糕的菜单中挣扎之间做出选择的地方，希望我们能够帮助自己。作为消费者，我们应该向那些将我们的数字生活变成万亿级企业的公司提出更多要求)”可知，这里作者呼吁读者认识到当前基于AI的用户界面设计存在的问题，以及这些问题如何影响用户的选择和决策。所以是为了让读者认识到基于人工智能的解决方案的本质。故选C项。
10.（2024·湖南邵阳·统考一模）
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted (植入) into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
37．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
38．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
39．How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A．They may reject it. B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust to it. D．They may feel curious about it.
40．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants
A．Imaginary. B．Practical. C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
【答案】37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。在我们的世界里，几乎很难避开科技。我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片。文章主要探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets!(我们的手表，汽车，电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有电脑芯片!)”提到电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从这些事实引发思考：“Where will it end (它将在哪里结束？)”从而引出本文的话题：将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早已被植入大脑)”和第三段“For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.(例如，电极已经植入癫痫患者的大脑，以便更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。类似地，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的深部脑刺激，是治疗帕金森氏症等疾病的既定方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病)”可推知，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.(事实上，让陌生人在你的大脑里植入芯片的可能性很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对于一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒的人群，对于害怕牙医的人群来说更多)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.(最终，计算机与大脑接口植入技术离我们还很遥远)”可推知，计算机与大脑接口植入技术还未实现。故选C。专题04 议论文通关练
议论文解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，重点考查考生的思维能力和判断能力，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给阅读理解带来一定的难度。
从体裁特点看，议论文有夹叙夹议文和议论文两种。
夹叙夹议文文体特点
夹叙夹议文所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或一种社会现象，而后对此进行深入评价，或由此引发一种深入思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。
从内容特点看：夹叙夹议类文章主要有三种类型: 1.先叙述作者的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
议论文文体特点
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。
从结构特点看：文章通常由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。
从命题形式看：常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题题等题型。
阅读策略
双管齐下法：从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。
关注高频词：议论文中出现的高频词，经常就是文章的主题对象。
关注标志词：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折的词: however, but, whereas;
表示原因的词: because, since，as;
表示结果的词:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表示对照的词:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表示目的的词: so that， in order that等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
把握长难句：议论文中的长难句常是命题点。遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.（2024上·山西太原·高三统考期末）
Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired. But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.
This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.
The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday. After a season with good results, some well-meaning people excitedly ask “What's next ” It can wander in my mind and raise doubt over what I should be doing according to other people’s opinions.
In this case I talked to some experienced athletes and raised my concern, one of whom suggested establishing a general outline of the next season’s goals prior to holidays. I find it helpful, not only preventing me from feeling rushed to get back into workouts too soon and giving a sense of purpose to the rest itself, but also ensuring that I will not spend my break making plans but allow my mind to rest too.
We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy myself.
1．What do most athletes do during a holiday after a season
A．Negotiate with coaches. B．Do alternative workouts.
C．Enjoy absolute relaxation. D．Travel to a seaside destination.
2．What can we infer about the author’s holiday from paragraph 2
A．It was carefully arranged. B．It followed the coach’s plan.
C．It was ended ahead of schedule. D．It was interrupted by unexpected tasks.
3．What is the author’s real need during the break time
A．Mind rest. B．Physical recovery.
C．Time management. D．Professional guidance.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Secrets to Winning on Tracks
B．Plans for Next Season’s Training
C．End-of-season Break: A New Beginning
D．From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes
2.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学阶段练习）
“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth, sounding forced and unnatural.
The anecdote (轶事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago. A three-week stay in Malaysia once every few years was often the highlight of my summers—what more can you ask from a food paradise But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, trips also brought accompanying feelings of guilt that I just couldn’t seem to translate. For one month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture, peering in. I was a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets, quietly nodding along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners.
In America though, I am a different person. I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t struggle with the words and fear that my logic and stories won’t get through to people. So as a native English speaker, I do not have to worry daily about whether I’m judged for having an accent or whether I’m misunderstood across languages. In Malaysia, I naturally burst out “have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian equivalent “you makan already ” In Malaysia, everything about the way I speak-my accent, intonation, sentence structure, slang-gives me away. My American-ness is seen in the way I talk, dress, and act. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth to speak I am so clearly not. It is uncomfortable and awkward, and sometimes I wonder if I did not look Asian at all would it be better, since there would be no more language expectation for me than for a white tourist.
5．How did the author feel in the anecdote
A．Confused and scared. B．Embarrassed and nervous.
C．Curious and surprised. D．Upset and puzzled.
6．Why did the author feel guilt according to Paragraph 2
A．Because she had to stay away from her family
B．Because she didn’t enjoy speaking the language
C．Bccause she had to accept what grandparents said
D．Because she found it hard to understand the culture.
7．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A．She was a good language learner. B．She didn’t like being an Asian.
C．She was judged unfairly in Malaysia D．She spoke English unconsciously in Malaysia.
8．From which column of the website does this article probably come from
A．Opinion B．News. C．Education. D．Humor
3.（2024·云南大理·统考模拟预测）
We grow up — unavoidably — with a strong attachment to a plan A, that is, an idea of how our lives will go and what we need to do to achieve our particular set of well-defined goals.
But then, for some of us and at one level all of us, life turns out to have made a few other plans. A sudden injury puts a certain career forever out of reach. A small but significant error changes everything about how crucial others view us. And so, promptly, we find we have to give up on plan A altogether, which can feel devastating. We alternately weep and anger at the turn of events. It is for such moments that we should consider one of life’s most vital skills: that of developing a plan B．
The first element involves fully acknowledging that no one gets through life with all their careful plan As. Plan As simply do not work out all the time. Something unexpected, shocking and hateful regularly comes along, not only to us, but to all human beings.
The further point is to realize that we are, despite moments of confusion, absolutely capable of developing very satisfactory plan Bs. Adults are good at keeping needing to refresh in our minds and drawing comfort from in anxious moments. We have enormous capacities to act and to adapt. Perhaps we’ll have to leave town forever, maybe we’ll have to resign an occupation we spent a decade nurturing — until we rediscover our potential plan B muscle. In reality, there would be a possibility to relocate, to start afresh in another field, to turn around the terrible event. There was no one script for us written at our birth, and nor does there need to be only one going forward.
Crucially, we don’t need to know right now what our plan Bs might be or anticipate every frustration that might come our way; we should simply feel confident that, were the universe to command it, we would know how to find a very different path.
9．What’s the function of the opening paragraph
A．To arouse thinking. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To define a concept. D．To set the background.
10．What does the underlined word mean in the second paragraph
A．Disastrous. B．Indifferent. C．Entertaining. D．Relaxing.
11．Which statement is true according to the passage
A．We must be blamed for having to make a plan B．
B．There will be only one script for us written in life.
C．Adults are an adaptable species to tackle problems.
D．Plan Bs are actually superior to plan As all the time.
12．The best structure of this passage is .
A． B． C． D．
4.（2024上·山东·高三山东省鄄城县第一中学校考）
As a research scholar at the Indian Institute for Science Education and Research, I once monitored birds that inhabited grasslands in Daying Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected area in Northeast India. This habitat forms a part of one of the most bio-diverse places on Earth. Yet despite their ecological importance and uniqueness, most grasslands are classified by the Indian government as “wastelands”.
Ecosystems throughout the world are suffering from the effects of unchecked habitat loss and climate change. While all types of ecosystems—forests, grasslands, oceans, wetlands and deserts—feel these effects, there is evidence of bias (偏好) towards the conservation of forest biodiversity. This bi as hurts the preservation of other ecosystems, including the grasslands that make up 24 percent of the Indian landmass. These grasslands are home to important biodiversity and support the livelihoods of millions of people, yet are defined in India by their value in being turned into forests for fighting climate change.
Apart from being costly, the move overlooks the ecological and social value of grasslands by turning them into mono-culture forests, which do not provide the same ecological benefits. Yet, grasslands could be equally good at storing carbon.
India and other countries with substantial grasslands need to recognize, support and prioritize evidence-based scientific attempts that focus on grasslands by establishing grassland-specific restoration efforts, as well as by mapping their extent and the ecosystem services they provide for humans. The time is ripe for abandoning outdated labelings like “wastelands”.
Already, communities like the Todas and the Idu Mishmi people are protecting grasslands in India through collective action and local stewardship (管理), which are helping them connect with the grasslands. With the aim of preserving the richness of nature, the government must restore greater rights to local communities to manage grasslands. Grasslands are an important feature of an ecologically sound India, one that must be preserved for that value above all others.
13．What does the author want to stress in the second paragraph
A．Forests are hotspots of biodiversity. B．Deserts badly affect local ecology.
C．Climate change threatens ecosystems. D．Grasslands need equal conservation.
14．What is the author’s attitude to Indian government’s move
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Favorable.
15．Who should be encouraged to protect the grasslands according to the text
A．Government officials. B．Local communities.
C．University researchers. D．International agencies.
16．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Stop Treating Grasslands as Wastelands B．Take Active Steps to Limit Grasslands
C．Recognize the Polluted Grasslands D．Transform Grasslands into Forests
5.（2024上·广东深圳·高三统考期末）
First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus.
But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married.
Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories.
On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with.
At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan.
17．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus
A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes.
B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms.
C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges.
D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible.
18．What should students do before living off campus
A．They should find someone to take care of them.
B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone.
C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living.
D．They should seek accommodation through an agent.
19．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean
A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges
B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus
C．Accommodation Situation For College Students
D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus
6.（2024·重庆·统考一模）
As you read this, pause to reflect on your recent interactions. As a politician, husband, and father, I encounter various spoken language styles: analytical or chatty, formal or informal, pointed or gentle, cooperative or decisive. Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading. Talk is also the currency of learning-how we develop our ideas, deepen our thinking and share our feelings.
That’s why I want speaking skills, sometimes called “oracy”, to play an important part in Labor’s plans for a reformed school curriculum (课程).
Employers value speaking skills equally with reading and writing. The ability to speak well and express yourself should be something every child should master. But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.
Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice. To work out who you are and what you believe. If reading opens up a world of imagination and possibility, then speaking and listening opens up a lifetime of empowerment-a chance for those who feel invisible in their own country to be heard. It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.
And the other side of speaking is listening, which can also be taught. Listening, truly listening, develops tolerance and understanding. And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.
So, oracy―speaking and listening―needs to be placed firmly at the heart of school life.
21．How does talk help a politician
A．It deepens his wishful thinking.
B．It enhances his analytical skills.
C．It strengthens persuasive power.
D．It provides emotional support.
22．Why does the author suggest a reform in the British school curriculum
A．Employers underestimate the value of speaking.
B．Academic pressure makes students poor-sighted.
C．Spoken language is regarded as least important.
D．Oracy should deserve more attention at school.
23．How does the author illustrate his argument in paragraph 4
A．By sharing different opinions.
B．By clarifying the definition.
C．By describing personal experiences.
D．By employing the concept.
24．What are parents advised to do
A．Set a good example for their children.
B．Balance screen time and mealtime.
C．Have oral face-to-face communication.
D．Disconnect from the virtual world.
7.（2024上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考期末）
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B．Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it. )
But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
25．How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with the plots.
D．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
26．What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
D．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
27．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A．The attacks. B．The shows. C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
28．What does the author mainly argue for
A．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
B．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
C．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
D．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
8.（2024上·江苏扬州·高三统考期末）
“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned tome showing what I’ve described.
Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction.
AI image generation could impact everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.
Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work, However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy.
The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as valid as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but you are no match for professionals.
29．What does the writer think of his image creation
A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking.
30．What do children’s illustrators value most about art
A．The creating process. B．The final work.
C．Personal feelings. D．External forms.
31．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones.
B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators.
C．Different means used in human and AI art creation.
D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text.
32．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph
A．Art is the mirror of life.
B．Rome is not built in a day.
C．No man can do two things at once.
D．Jack of all trades, master of none.
9.（2024上·江苏常州·高三统考期末）
The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more.
Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there.
This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution.
Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place.
Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.
Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.
33．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem
A．As the main topic. B．As the model.
C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast.
34．What can we know about Alexa and Siri
A．They are both Apple’s search products.
B．They help consumers make their own choices.
C．They have bettered the user experience greatly.
D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind.
35．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution
A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned.
36．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____.
A．abandon using artificial intelligence
B．abandon using products from tech giants
C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution
D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps
10.（2024·湖南邵阳·统考一模）
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted (植入) into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
37．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
38．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
39．How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A．They may reject it. B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust to it. D．They may feel curious about it.
40．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants
A．Imaginary. B．Practical. C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
