专题06 词义猜测题通关练
词义猜测题解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
词义猜测题常常涉及高考词汇表要求之外的词。所画线的单词或短语，考核的并不是语法的熟练程度，也不是记忆力，而是对文章一个段落或一句话的整体把握和变通能力。此时，需要在一个段落，几句话甚至整篇文章中“左顾右盼”，看前后都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物或人物与事物之间的内在联系，才能最终解开迷雾，拨云见日。
解题策略
构词法猜词义：根据构词法可以猜出文中由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。
逻辑法猜测词义：在阅读材料中，可以根据下定义、举例子、解释等猜测词义。即画线部分词后常带有stand for, mean, that is, namely, refer to, in other words等词或破折号引出说明性的内容，有时候也会用定语从句或同位语等进行解释说明。还有的会用例子来说明画线部分的词义，应当关注下列词如，such as, for example, for instance, like， be called, be known as等词汇或破折号。
【典例】 She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.
What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean
Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
【解析】划线词所在句中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。故答案选A。
标点符号猜测词义：有时作者会利用标点符号为生词提供解释，如，破折号、引号等。
【典例】 He needs to work 8 hours everyday. He will be on the night shift--from midnight to 8 a.m. next day.
What’s the meaning of the underlined words
开夜车 B. 夜班 C. 熬夜 D.晚上休息
【解析】根据破折号后解释的词义，可知应选B。
同义或反义关系猜测词义：有时在画线词前后会出现与之同义或反义的词语，可根据其熟悉的词语推知画线部分的意思。
上下文联系猜测词义：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是完全孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。可以根据上下文提供的线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析。
【典例】 Human music has been sent to the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. But no previous offering, and perhaps no composition undertaken anywhere, has tried to encompass the entire diversity of human song.
What does the underlined word “encompass" in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Include. B．Appreciate.
C．Work out. D．Relate to.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段 段第二句“Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more.”（ 遥远的生物理论上已经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦霍的圣歌、巴赫、贝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But，可以判断之前的作品没能包含人类歌曲的多样性，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2023·河北·河北衡水中学模拟）Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent. The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current Biology.
What does the underlined word “hypothesis” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Discussion. B．Method.
C．Assumption. D．Invention
【答案】 C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent Glover和她的同事在实验室里测试了他们的假设，在他们的实验中，他们发现，当花瓣非常艳丽时，蜜蜂有时会感到困惑；当花瓣不是很亮时，蜜蜂就会发现有更多花蜜的花朵。因此推断画线词的意思是“假设”，故选C。
2.（2024·江苏扬州·高三扬州学校）Humans must be choosy about what they pay attention to. Pitch patterns are quite important in tonal languages, which might explain the balancing act in music. “You’ve got a finite resource of attention, and you’ve got to divide up that somehow,” says study coauthor Courtney Hilton, a scientist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Valued. B．Limited. C．Special. D．Potential.
【答案】 B
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Humans must be choosy about what they pay attention to. Pitch patterns are quite important in tonal languages, which might explain the balancing act in music.(人类必须对自己关注的东西有所选择。音高模式在声调语言中非常重要，这也许可以解释音乐中的平衡行为)”说明，人类必须对他们所关注的东西有选择性，从而推知划线词句“You’ve got a finite resource of attention, and you’ve got to divide up that somehow(你的注意力资源是finite，你必须以某种方式分配它)”其中划线词应为“有限的”的意思，与B项Limited“有限的”同义。故选B项。
3.（2023·江苏·高三江苏省苏州一中校阶段练习）Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.
What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.
C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. (他是全球顶尖的智商俱乐部门萨的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位)”可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能迅速完成学业。由此可知，他应该是一个天才，a prodigy意思应该是“极具天赋的人”。故选A项。
4.（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考预测）Parents around the world may have a difficult time every night, once a chapter is finished and their children must go to sleep. The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative story, filled with cliffhangers at the end of most chapters that will leave kids asking for more. If some reviewers said that The Ickabog lacked Harry Potter’s magic, they can rest assured that The Christmas Pig has all the magic that J.K. Rowling can provide, and that’s more than enough.
What does the underlined word “cliffhangers” probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．Imagination. B．Suspense. C．Magic. D．Challenge.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative story, filled with”以及后文“at the end of most chapters that will leave kids asking for more”可知，《圣诞猪》的故事让读者不断翻页，让孩子们想要更多，说明在大多数章节的结尾都充满了悬念，让人想要继续读下去。故划线词意思是“悬念”。故选B。
5.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟）Since that first solo hiking, adventuring alone has become like medicine for me. It has also pushed me to go beyond my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure-friend circle has ballooned. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit nature with my favorite friend: me.
What does the underlined word “ballooned” in the last paragraph mean
A．restarted B．transformed C．disappeared D．expanded
【答案】 D
【解析】词句猜测题。由上文讲“因为难以找到（一起出游的）同伴，作者决定独自出游”和最后一段中“It has also pushed me to go beyond my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure-friend circle has ballooned. (它也促使我走出舒适区，结识新朋友。通过聚会和社交媒体，我的冒险朋友圈ballooned)”可知，独自出游使作者结识新朋友，因此通过聚会和社交媒体，作者的朋友多了，其冒险朋友圈扩大了，画线词意为“扩大（expanded）”。故选D项。
6.（2023·福建·高三福建省泉州第一中学校考）However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man（1871）: "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge. "
The underlined word "begets" can be replaced by “________”.
A．gives rise to B．takes advantage of C．makes up for D．breaks away from
【答案】 A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.（不称职的人坚持他们的方式是正确的，而不是困惑或思考他们不正确的方式。）”可知，上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目自信。所以这句话的意思是“无知比知识更容易产生自信”。beget的意思是give rise to，意为“引起”。故选A。
7.（2023·福建·高三厦门双十中学阶段练习）I enjoyed doing handiwork and my parents would come home and see artworks I had finished that day—painting, clay sculpting, sewing stuffed animals, etc. But when I studied engineering in college, these pursuits were deep-sixed. Not only was I stretched for time, but I didn’t think they were relevant to my academic work. I hesitated to highlight my female crafting interests in the male-dominated engineering environment where I already felt like an outsider.
What does the underlined word “deep-sixed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Put aside. B．Backed up. C．Followed through. D．Dug out.
【答案】．A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Not only was I stretched for time, but I didn’t think they were relevant to my academic work.(我不仅时间紧张，而且我认为它们与我的学术工作无关。)”可知，此处是指在大学时期这个追求被搁置了。所以deep-sixed意为“被搁置的”。故选A。
8.（2023·广东·高三揭阳华侨高中阶段练习）A 2021 study published in Biology Letters, for example, looked back to 19th-century historical logbooks from whalers. Researchers found that sperm whales were at first easy to catch-but almost immediately, the whales learned how to evade hunters and whaling success dropped by 60 percent. The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.
What does the underlined word “evade” mean in paragraph 3
A．Track. B．Avoid. C．Locate. D．Trick.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“whaling success dropped by 60 percent(捕鲸的成功率下降了60%)”可知，抹香鲸是学会了如何躲避捕鱼人。选项A“Track (跟踪)”；选项B“Avoid (避免)”；选项C“Locate (定位)”；选项D“Trick (戏弄)”。故选B。
9.（2023·广东·高三华南师大附中校考）Others were sceptical about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that AI language models are convincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability-including their adaptability to control robots-is often exaggerated. “I think Microsoft, and most people who design robots, have too much confidence in what they can do, ” she says.
What does the underlined word “exaggerated” in the last paragraph mean
A．Neglected. B．Simplified. C．Overestimated. D．Praised.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的“AI language models are convincing mimics(人工智能语言模型是令人信服的模仿者)”及but可知，划线词与前面convincing相反意思，再根据划线词后面I think Microsoft, and most people who design robots, have too much confidence in what they can do（我认为微软和大多数设计机器人的人，都过于相信这些机器人能做的事情）可推断，划线句句意是：它们的真正能力——包括控制机器人的适应性——经常被夸大。故选C项。
10.（2023·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考）Now, Mr Henning is setting up an operation at Augsburg Airport in Germany to further the development of Prosperity I, the company’s air taxi. Prosperity I can seat three passengers and a pilot. It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. This arrangement makes better use of the aircraft’s battery, giving Prosperity I a range of some 250 km.
Which of the following can replace the underline word “hybrid” in Paragraph 2
A．Symbol. B．Mixture. C．Concept. D．Application.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. (它使用多个旋翼垂直起飞和降落，但这些旋翼在全速飞行时会关闭。此时，后部的“推进器”螺旋桨接管，提供向前的驱动力，从而通过机翼升力)”可知，eVTOLs兼具直升机和固定翼飞机的部分特点。由此推断，划线单词的意思与“混合”或“兼具”相似。故选B项。
11.（2024·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）In July 1915, severely tortured by his poor health, James Murray, one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), defined one final word. After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had taken a toll, knowing he would not see the project complete.
What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paid off.
B．Proved in vain.
C．Worn out the passion.
D．Had a harmful effect.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had ...”(在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动......。)及最后一句“knowing he would not see the project complete.”(因为他不会看到项目完成。)可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。
12.（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校联考） I explained the reason why I came—Chika’s medical condition—the brain tumor (肿瘤). I explained that her life could be in the balance. I said I had a hard question. If Chika should not survive,is it important to him that she be buried here in Haiti
What does the underlined phrase “in the balance” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Evaluated. B．Undetermined. C．Lengthened. D．Unexplained.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词组下一句“I said I had a hard question. If Chika should not survive, is it important to him that she be buried here in Haiti (我说我有个难题。如果Chika活不下去了，把她葬在海地对他来说重要吗？)”以及文章第五段“I eventually came to my utmost mission. I wanted him to see his daughter—and her to see him—perhaps because, deep down, I doubted about another chance.(我终于完成了我最大的使命。我想让他见见他的女儿，也想让她见见他——也许是因为，在内心深处，我怀疑是否还有机会。)”可知，Chika情况危急，随时可能会去世。选项A“Evaluated(评估)”；选项B“Undetermined(不确定)”；选项C“Lengthened(延长)”；选项D“Unexplained(无法解释的)”。故选B。
13.（2024·江西上饶·高三第一中学校考）Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers. In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
What does the underlined word “dilate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Relax. B．Expand. C．Narrow. D．Hide.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. (在冬天，胶原纤维变得更紧，导致荧光膜主要反射蓝光)”和下文“In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eye. (在夏天，驯鹿的瞳孔会变小，这有助于驯鹿减少进入眼睛的光线量)”可知，此处描述驯鹿眼睛中荧光膜在冬季和夏季的工作机制，夏季时瞳孔会变小，减少进入眼睛的光线量。由此推知，冬天瞳孔会变大，增加进入眼睛的光线量，dilate意思应该是“扩大”，与expand意思相近。故选B项。
14.（2024·四川成都·高三树德中学期末）Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A．The attacks. B．The shows.
C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.(然而，我们没有理由认为吐温认为这些表演代表了现实。他对奴隶制和偏见的频繁抨击表明，他敏锐地意识到它们并非如此)”可知，划线词they是指代上文中的表演。故选B。
15.（2024·四川成都·高三石室中学校考期末）The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture.
What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph
A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored.
C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语后的内容“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. (直到身体积极性和脂肪接受运动推动了这一口号，身材魁梧的人不应该被抛在后面。)”可知，新的口号的是身材魁梧的人不应该被抛诸脑后，故这些人原来一直是被忽视的。A. The hot issue that is valued有价值的热点问题；B. The obvious truth that is ignored被忽视的显而易见的事实；C. The important principle that is recognized公认的重要原则；D. The common phenomenon that is criticized被批评的常见现象。故选B。专题06 词义猜测题通关练
词义猜测题解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
词义猜测题常常涉及高考词汇表要求之外的词。所画线的单词或短语，考核的并不是语法的熟练程度，也不是记忆力，而是对文章一个段落或一句话的整体把握和变通能力。此时，需要在一个段落，几句话甚至整篇文章中“左顾右盼”，看前后都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物或人物与事物之间的内在联系，才能最终解开迷雾，拨云见日。
解题策略
构词法猜词义：根据构词法可以猜出文中由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。
逻辑法猜测词义：在阅读材料中，可以根据下定义、举例子、解释等猜测词义。即画线部分词后常带有stand for, mean, that is, namely, refer to, in other words等词或破折号引出说明性的内容，有时候也会用定语从句或同位语等进行解释说明。还有的会用例子来说明画线部分的词义，应当关注下列词如，such as, for example, for instance, like， be called, be known as等词汇或破折号。
【典例】 She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.
What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean
Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
【解析】划线词所在句中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。故答案选A。
标点符号猜测词义：有时作者会利用标点符号为生词提供解释，如，破折号、引号等。
【典例】 He needs to work 8 hours everyday. He will be on the night shift--from midnight to 8 a.m. next day.
What’s the meaning of the underlined words
开夜车 B. 夜班 C. 熬夜 D.晚上休息
同义或反义关系猜测词义：有时在画线词前后会出现与之同义或反义的词语，可根据其熟悉的词语推知画线部分的意思。
上下文联系猜测词义：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是完全孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。可以根据上下文提供的线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析。
【典例】 Human music has been sent to the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. But no previous offering, and perhaps no composition undertaken anywhere, has tried to encompass the entire diversity of human song.
What does the underlined word “encompass" in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Include. B．Appreciate.
C．Work out. D．Relate to.
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2023·河北·河北衡水中学模拟）Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent. The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current Biology.
What does the underlined word “hypothesis” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Discussion. B．Method.
C．Assumption. D．Invention
2.（2024·江苏扬州·高三扬州学校）Humans must be choosy about what they pay attention to. Pitch patterns are quite important in tonal languages, which might explain the balancing act in music. “You’ve got a finite resource of attention, and you’ve got to divide up that somehow,” says study coauthor Courtney Hilton, a scientist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Valued. B．Limited. C．Special. D．Potential.
3.（2023·江苏·高三江苏省苏州一中校阶段练习）Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.
What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.
C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.
4.（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考预测）Parents around the world may have a difficult time every night, once a chapter is finished and their children must go to sleep. The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative story, filled with cliffhangers at the end of most chapters that will leave kids asking for more. If some reviewers said that The Ickabog lacked Harry Potter’s magic, they can rest assured that The Christmas Pig has all the magic that J.K. Rowling can provide, and that’s more than enough.
What does the underlined word “cliffhangers” probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．Imagination. B．Suspense. C．Magic. D．Challenge.
5.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟）Since that first solo hiking, adventuring alone has become like medicine for me. It has also pushed me to go beyond my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure-friend circle has ballooned. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit nature with my favorite friend: me.
What does the underlined word “ballooned” in the last paragraph mean
A．restarted B．transformed C．disappeared D．expanded
6.（2023·福建·高三福建省泉州第一中学校考）However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man（1871）: "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge. "
The underlined word "begets" can be replaced by “________”.
A．gives rise to B．takes advantage of C．makes up for D．breaks away from
7.（2023·福建·高三厦门双十中学阶段练习）I enjoyed doing handiwork and my parents would come home and see artworks I had finished that day—painting, clay sculpting, sewing stuffed animals, etc. But when I studied engineering in college, these pursuits were deep-sixed. Not only was I stretched for time, but I didn’t think they were relevant to my academic work. I hesitated to highlight my female crafting interests in the male-dominated engineering environment where I already felt like an outsider.
What does the underlined word “deep-sixed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Put aside. B．Backed up. C．Followed through. D．Dug out.
8.（2023·广东·高三揭阳华侨高中阶段练习）A 2021 study published in Biology Letters, for example, looked back to 19th-century historical logbooks from whalers. Researchers found that sperm whales were at first easy to catch-but almost immediately, the whales learned how to evade hunters and whaling success dropped by 60 percent. The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.
What does the underlined word “evade” mean in paragraph 3
A．Track. B．Avoid. C．Locate. D．Trick.
9.（2023·广东·高三华南师大附中校考）Others were sceptical about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that AI language models are convincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability-including their adaptability to control robots-is often exaggerated. “I think Microsoft, and most people who design robots, have too much confidence in what they can do, ” she says.
What does the underlined word “exaggerated” in the last paragraph mean
A．Neglected. B．Simplified. C．Overestimated. D．Praised.
10.（2023·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考）Now, Mr Henning is setting up an operation at Augsburg Airport in Germany to further the development of Prosperity I, the company’s air taxi. Prosperity I can seat three passengers and a pilot. It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. This arrangement makes better use of the aircraft’s battery, giving Prosperity I a range of some 250 km.
Which of the following can replace the underline word “hybrid” in Paragraph 2
A．Symbol. B．Mixture. C．Concept. D．Application.
11.（2024·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）In July 1915, severely tortured by his poor health, James Murray, one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), defined one final word. After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had taken a toll, knowing he would not see the project complete.
What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paid off.
B．Proved in vain.
C．Worn out the passion.
D．Had a harmful effect.
12.（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校联考） I explained the reason why I came—Chika’s medical condition—the brain tumor (肿瘤). I explained that her life could be in the balance. I said I had a hard question. If Chika should not survive,is it important to him that she be buried here in Haiti
What does the underlined phrase “in the balance” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Evaluated. B．Undetermined. C．Lengthened. D．Unexplained.
13.（2024·江西上饶·高三第一中学校考）Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers. In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
What does the underlined word “dilate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Relax. B．Expand. C．Narrow. D．Hide.
14.（2024·四川成都·高三树德中学期末）Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A．The attacks. B．The shows.
C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
15.（2024·四川成都·高三石室中学校考期末）The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture.
What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph
A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored.
C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized.
