2024届高考英语二轮复习名词复习 课件(共25张PPT)

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名称 2024届高考英语二轮复习名词复习 课件(共25张PPT)
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更新时间 2024-03-08 20:22:29

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(共25张PPT)
名 词
名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange。
名词
名词的分类
名词的数
名词所有格
名词的用法
普通名词
专有名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
可数名词
‘s所有格
不可数名词
of所有格
双重所有格
规则变化
不规则变化
考点一 名词的分类
名词的分类
专有名词:表示地、人名等的名词;Tom,Canada
表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代,星期,月份等的名称Times,Father‘s Day
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词:表示单个人或物的名词
car,book,person
集体名词:表示若干个人或物组成的集合体family,class,army,team
物质名词:表示无法分为个体,无法数数量的物质、材料的名词water,meat,gas
抽象名词:表示性质、状态、情感、心理,行为等抽象概念的名词health,surprise,honesty,love,work
普通名词
名词有可数和不可数之分。可以计算数目的词叫可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。单数可数名词前要加冠词a/an/the;复数可数名词是在单数名词后加s/es,且复数名词前不能用a/an。复数名词表特指时在前加the。定冠词the可以修饰单数可数名词,复数可数名词和不可数名词。不定冠词a/an只能修饰单数可数名词。
a/the book an/the apple the food the/two books
名词的数
考点二 名词的数
名词的数
不可数名词
变复数的规则变化
变复数的不规则变化
可数名词
常考的不可数名词
抽象名词具体化变成可数名词
考点二 名词的数
(1)可数名词复数的规则变化
1.一般情况下在词尾直接加 s
2.以 s、 x、 ch、 sh结尾的名词在词尾加 es,stomach直接加s
3.以“辅音字母加 y”结尾的名词,变y为i再加 es
4.以 o结尾的名词
1.一般无生命的在词尾加 s
2.一般有生命的在词尾加 es
5.以 f、 fe结尾的名词
1.一般要变f或fe为v加 es
2.少数直接加 s
mouth→mouths house→houses
glass→glasses match→matches
country→countries factory→factories
piano→pianos
hero→heroes
self→selves wolf→wolves
roof→roofs belief→beliefs
3.可以加s/es
mosquito,valcano
roof(屋顶),belief(信念),gulf(海湾),chief(首领),proof(证据),reef(暗礁),cliff(悬崖)
少数以f结尾的直接加s的名词
可数名词复数的不规则变化
1.单复数同形
2.词形变化
3.合成名词的复数
deer、sheep、Chinese、means、series、species
1.变内部元音:man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、 foot→feet、mouse→mice
2.词尾加en/ren:child→children、ox→oxen
1.将主体名词变为复数:
passer-by→passers- by、looker -on→lookers -on
2.无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾:
grown up→grown ups、stand by→stand bys
3.man/woman+中心名词:
man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式:
woman doctor→women doctors ,man waiter→men waiters
考点二 名词的数
(2)不可数名词
1.常考的不可数名词
2.抽象名词具体化变成可数名词
考点二 名词的数
不可数名词
(1)常考的不可数名词
一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。常考的不可数名词
重点记忆
knowledge(知识),traffic(交通),word(消息),room(空间),news(新闻),luck(运气),luggage,baggage(行李),information信息,weather天气,advice建议,furniture家具,fun乐趣,wealth财富,homework作业,housework家务,work工作
考点二 名词的数
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时,是可数名词)
surprise惊讶 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
success成功 a success一个成功的人/一件成功的事
honour荣誉 an honour一个值得尊敬的人/一件值得尊敬的事
failure失败 a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事
experience经验 an experience一次经历
pleasure快乐 a pleasure一件乐事
pity遗憾 a pity一件遗憾的事
(2)抽象名词的具体化
①抽象名词可以表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
考点二 名词的数
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时,是可数名词)
beauty美 a beauty一个美女
comfort安慰 a comfort令人感到安慰的人或事事物
shock震惊 a shock令人震惊的事
danger危险 a danger危险的人或事物
delight高兴 a delight令人高兴的事
pride骄傲 a pride令人骄傲的人或事物
名词所有格
1.'s所有格(名词’s)
2.of所有格(名词+of+名词)
考点三 名词所有格(表示名词之间的所属关系)
1.一般是在名词词尾加's John's home
2.以 s或 es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加'
students' textbooks
3.词尾不以 (e)s的复数名词,仍加's
children's game
3.双重所有格
the title of the article文章的标题
the name of the painting over there那边那幅画的名字
1.名词+of+名词's
a picture of dogs’狗子照片中的的一张照片
2.名词+of+名词性物主代词
any friend of yours你的朋友中的任何一个朋友
表示店铺或某人的家时,名词所有格之后的shop、office、house、home 等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office) 在(医生的)诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house) 在格林先生家
重点记忆
名词在句子中可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语,同位语
考点四 名词的用法
1. should study hard.学生
2.She is an .演员
3.He made a .电影
4.They made her .班长
5.You will succeed .一天
6.She is famous in the circle.艺术
7.He is my brother, .汤姆
Students
主语
actor
表语
film
宾语
monitor
补语
one day
状语
art
定语
Tom
同位语
名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词,表示材料、类别、用途等,作定语的名词有以下三种形式:
(1)一般用单数形式
如:a stone bridge一座石桥
a meeting room一间会议室
a marriage ceremony 一场结婚典礼
a story book一本故事书
a shoe shop一个鞋店
考点四 名词作定语
(2)man/woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致
如:a woman teacher一位女教师
two women teachers两位女教师
(3)sports、sales、clothes、goods、arts、customs等一般用复数形式,
如:a sports meet一场运动会
a goods train一辆货运列车
a customs officer一位海关官员
a sales manager一位销售部经理
1.不定冠词a/an后名词为单数,表泛指。特指用the
2.形容词性物主代词和形容词后填名词
3.前有some,many,all,both,a number of,different,hundreds of,various,one of,among,these,those等词修饰,名词用复数
4.该空作主语,宾语,同位语就用名词
5.主谓一致:该名词做主语,谓语动词是复数,名词用复数;谓语动词是单数,名词用单数
语法填空技巧策略
小试牛刀
1. Here is my (introduce).
2.She is an .(act)
3.It is useful .(advise)
4.They have different .(idea)
5.There is a number of .(book)
6. (swim)is my hobby.
7.He is my son,a .(write)
8.I accept her .(invite)
9. (person)have different attitude to the thing.
introduction
actor
advice
ideas
books
Swimming
writer
invitation
People
单句语法填空
1.The woman over there is ____________(Lily) mother.
2.I have two ____________(sister),Lily and Mary.
3.Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with____________(chopstick).
4.Filled with ____________(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
Lily’s
sisters
chopsticks
curiosity
5.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____________(cause).
6.This switch has decreased ____________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
causes
pollution
7.But you don't have to be an activist to make a difference—in fact there are many tiny everyday ___________(effort) you can make to help the planet.
8.My parents experienced the ___________ (convenient) of a Eurail Pass(欧铁通行证) as they traveled through eight countries in three weeks.
9.They are good runners and can run for several hours in cold weather conditions, so they can sometimes escape from ___________ (wolf) easily.
10.The US is always among the favorites in international basketball events, thanks to the high level of ___________ (compete) in its professional league.
efforts
convenience
wolves
competition
11.Not only have the fables寓言 themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years, but ___________ (express) from them have entered various languages.
12.The painting is highly detailed细致的 and features以...为特色 shops of all kinds and different economic ___________ (activity) in and out of the city.
13.Sometimes there's so much work for you to deal with and you feel it's beyond your ability to fulfil it.Actually, you can take ___________ (measure) to help yourself.
14.The structure was finally completed last year and ___________ (journalist)were subsequently随后 went to the bridge.
expressions
activities
measures
journalists
15.Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body ___________ (benefit).
16.How can students manage ___________ (anxious) and stress during exam time and still get the grades they need
benefits
anxiety